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Journal articles on the topic 'Ni-P/Ni-W-P Coatings'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Sahoo, Prasanta, and Supriyo Roy. "Tribological Behavior of Electroless Ni-P, Ni-P-W and Ni-P-Cu Coatings." International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science 5, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseims.2017010101.

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The present paper considers the comparative study of tribological characteristics of various electroless alloy coatings viz. Ni-P, Ni-P-W and Ni-P-Cu. The tribological behavior of these coatings depends on various parameters like load, speed, lubricant, chemical compositions and heat treatment temperature to a great extent. One of the main effects of heat treatment on these coatings is phosphide precipitation, which makes them suitable for anti-wear applications. The property of binary Ni-P can be further improved by depositing third particles electrolessly. The phase structure of the coatings depends on the amount of phosphorous and heat treatment temperature. The tribological behavior of heat treated samples reveals that Ni-P-W deposit shows higher coefficient of friction and lowest wear among these three types coatings. Very high tungsten concentration retard the phosphide precipitation, thus low concentration of tungsten and low heat treatment temperature produce better coating. In case of Ni-P-Cu, medium concentration of copper and medium heat treatment temperature produces better coating.

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2

Łosiewicz, Bożena, Magdalena Popczyk, and Patrycja Osak. "New Ni-Me-P Electrode Materials." Solid State Phenomena 228 (March 2015): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.228.39.

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The Ni-Me-P alloy coatings containing metal as alloying component (Me = Co, W) in a Ni-P amorphous matrix, were potentiostatically electrodeposited onto a polycrystalline Cu substrate. Deposition potential was established based on polarization curves of electrodeposition of Ni-Co-P, Ni-W-P and Ni-P alloy coatings. SEM, EDS, XRD and X-ray microanalysis methods, were applied for chemical and physical characterization of the obtained coatings. Linear analysis of Ni, Co and W distribution in the microregions of the appropriate alloy coating revealed that surface distribution of these elements is homogeneous what is due to a molecular mixing of the amorphous nickel matrix with the alloying components. It was found that the Ni-Co-P and Ni-W-P coatings have the amorphous structure like the Ni-P deposit and alloying components as Co or W are built-in into the appropriate coating in the amorphous form. The mechanism of the induced codeposition of these ternary Ni-Me-P coatings, has been discussed.

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3

Guo, Zhong Cheng, Xiao Yun Zhu, and Rui Dong Xu. "Studies on the Properties and Structure of Pulse Electrodeposited Ni-W-P Series Multi-Composite Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.329.

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The hardness, wear rates, phase structure and morphologies of DC(direct current) and PC(pulse current )electrodeposited Ni-W-P-SiC, RE-Ni-W-P-SiC, RE-Ni-W-P-SiC-MoS2 and RENi- W-P-SiC-PTFE composite coatings are studied. The results indicate that the hardness of pulse composite coatings is higher than that of DC composite coatings, but the hardness of RE-Ni-W-PSiC- PTFE composite coating is lower. The hardness of the four kinds of composite coatings increases with the rise of heat treatment temperature and reaches the highest value at 400°C, thereafter, the hardness begins to decrease. The hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating is the highest when duty cycle is at 0.6 and 0.8 and pulse frequency is at 50Hz and the hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings at 0.8 is higher than that at 0.6; the wear rates of Ni-W-P-SiC, RE-Ni-W-P-SiC, and RE-Ni-W-P-SiC-PTFE pulse composite coatings are lower than that of DC composite coatings and the wear rates of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC-MoS2 and RE-Ni-W-P-SiC-PTFE composite coatings are the lowest. Ni-W-P-SiC and RE-Ni-W-P-SiC pulse composite coatings are amorphous, and RE-Ni-W-P-SiC-MoS2 pulse composite coating is mixture, but the RE-Ni-W-PSiC- PTFE composite coating is crystal as–deposited. The crystalline grain size of PC composite coatings is smaller than that of DC composite coatings, and the addition of rare earth into the coatings can make crystalline grains become fine, all kinds of grains in the coatings distribute equably and there are not cracks on the surface and in the sections.

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4

Szczygieł, B., A. Turkiewicz, and J. Serafińczuk. "Surface morphology and structure of Ni–P, Ni–P–ZrO2, Ni–W–P, Ni–W–P–ZrO2 coatings deposited by electroless method." Surface and Coatings Technology 202, no. 9 (February 2008): 1904–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.08.016.

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5

Selvi, V. Ezhil, Purba Chatterji, S. Subramanian, and J. N. Balaraju. "Autocatalytic duplex Ni–P/Ni–W–P coatings on AZ31B magnesium alloy." Surface and Coatings Technology 240 (February 2014): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.12.022.

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6

Popczyk, Magdalena, and Jolanta Niedbała. "Characterization of corrosion resistance of Zn-Ni-W and Zn-Ni-P-W heat-treated coatings." Inżynieria Powierzchni 25, no. 3-4 (February 17, 2021): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6999.

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The paper presents results of research concerning the evaluation of corrosion resistance of heat-treated alloy coatings (Zn-Ni-W/320°C and Zn-Ni-P-W/320°C). The surface morphology and phase composition of the obtained coatings were determined. Electrochemical corrosion resistance was studied in 5% NaCl solution. On the basis of these studies it was found that the corrosion resistance of Zn-Ni-P-W/320°C coating is higher than Zn-Ni-W/320°C coating.

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7

Yang, Dong, Xin Xin Lin, Huan Ming Chen, Ya Hong Gao, Qiong Lv, and Yan Qing Wang. "Investigation on Properties of Electroless Ni-P-W/Al₂O₃ Composite Coatings Deposited on Sintered NdFeB Permanent Magnet." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.397.

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The Ni-P-W/Al2O3composite coatings were deposited on the surface of sintered NdFeB permanent magnet by electroless plating method. The morphology and the phases of Ni-P-W/Al2O3composite coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction respectively. The hardness and the corrosion resistance of the composite coatings were also tested. The results indicated that the composite coatings morphology appears closely nodules morphology, and the microhardness increases linearly with increasing incorporation of Al2O3ratio. Compared with NdFeB magnet and Ni-P-W amorphous alloy coating, the corrosion resistance of the composite coatings was superior to that of the NdFeB magnet and the amorphous alloy coating obviously. However, for the corrosion resistance of Ni-P-W/Al2O3composite coatings with different Al2O3concentration, there is not a linear increase with the Al2O3concentration increasing. The self-corrosion potential of Ni-P-W/Al2O3composite coatings reaches the highest value while increasing incorporation of Al2O3ratio up to 10 g/L.

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8

Taşci, Selim, Reşat Can Özden, and Mustafa Anik. "Corrosion and Wear Characteristics of Electroless Ni–P, Ni–P–W and Composite Ni–P–W/Al2O3 Coatings on AZ91 Sheet." Metals and Materials International 25, no. 2 (October 11, 2018): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12540-018-0199-z.

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9

Drovosekov, A. B. "Comparison of corrosion resistance properties of Ni-P and Ni-W-P coatings obtained by electroless deposition." Practice of Anticorrosive Protection 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31615/j.corros.prot.2020.96.2-8.

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Corrosion resistance properties, such as porosity, stability in the atmosphere of NaCl mist, and anodic electrochemical activity in a sulfuric acid solution are studied and compared for Ni-W-P and Ni-P coatings obtained by electroless deposition. The studied coatings were obtained from solutions with glycine as the main ligand and contained 10.2 to 15.6 at.% of phosphorus and up to 3.3 at.% of tungsten. It is shown that Ni-W-P coatings with a tungsten content of 2.3 to 3.3 at.% and a thickness of 15 μm have a significantly lower porosity as compared with nickel-phosphorus coatings of the same thickness. Also, significantly better stability of Ni-W-P coatings in a NaCl mist atmosphere was observed, their corrosion damage degree is less than that of Ni-P coatings, and relatively little depends on the duration of exposure in a corrosive environment. Analysis of anodic polarization curves showed an almost similar electrochemical activity upon dissolution of Ni-P and Ni-W-P coatings in sulfuric acid. Both these types of electroless coatings showed a markedly better tendency to anodic dissolution than pure nickel. Taking into account the obtained experimental data, a conclusion is made as to the better protective characteristics of Ni-W-P coatings in comparison with nickel-phosphorus coatings. The main reason of the inferior protective properties of Ni-P coatings is their relatively high porosity.

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10

Lu, Yu Xiang, and Xian Ping Li. "Electrodepositing Process of Ni-W-P/Graphene Composite Coatings." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 1397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.1397.

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The Ni-W-P/graphene composite coatings were prepared in the Ni-based electrodepositing solution and graphene oxide mixture, the effect of stirring modes (including no stirring, mechanical stirring or ultrasonic stirring) on the surface quality of the composite coatings was investigated and the optimum formula of the electrodepositing solution of the Ni-W-P/graphene composite coatings was obtained through the orthogonal experiments in 4 factors and 4 levels. It was determined that ultrasonic stirring was the optimum stirring mode during electrodeposition. The Raman spectrum and EDS have shown that there existed graphene, in addition to Ni, W and P in the Ni-W-P/graphene composite coatings. The surface of the Ni-W-P/graphene composite coatings was smooth and the structure was compact. The average microhardness of the Ni-W-P/graphene composite coatings was improved by 26.7% higher than that of the Ni-W-P coatings after the heat treatment of 600°C.

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11

Roy, Supriyo, and Prasanta Sahoo. "Potentiodynamic Polarization Behaviour of Electroless Ni-P-W Coatings." ISRN Corrosion 2012 (July 18, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/914867.

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This paper deals with the synthesis of electroless Ni-P-W coatings on mild steel substrate followed by furnace-annealing process. Corrosion behaviors of the coatings after heat treatments at various annealing temperatures are evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization test using 3.5% sodium chloride solution. The electrochemical parameters, that is, corrosion potential and corrosion current density, are optimized for maximum corrosion resistance using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis, considering four coating parameters, namely, concentration of nickel, concentration of reducing agent, concentration of tungsten, and annealing temperature as main design factors. The optimum combination of these four design factors is obtained from the analysis. The analysis of variance reveals that the concentration of tungsten source and annealing temperature play the most important role on the corrosion performance of the coating. Effects of the operating parameters on microstructures, in terms of porosity formation, crystallization, phase transformation, grain growth, are investigated using SEM, EDX, and XRD techniques.

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12

CHEN, Xiao-ming, Guang-yu LI, and Jian-she LIAN. "Deposition of electroless Ni-P/Ni-W-P duplex coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 18 (December 2008): s323—s328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(10)60225-7.

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13

Palaniappa, M., and S. K. Seshadri. "Friction and wear behavior of electroless Ni–P and Ni–W–P alloy coatings." Wear 265, no. 5-6 (August 2008): 735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.01.002.

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14

Sun, Hua, Hong Fang Ma, Li Ming Feng, and Xiao Fei Guo. "Phase Structure and Thermodynamic Stability of Various Nickel-Base Multicomponent Alloy Coating." Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (October 2013): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.252.

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Nickel base multi-component alloy Ni-PNi-Cu-PNi-W-P and Ni-Co-P were prepared using electroless plating methodand examined by scanning electronic microscope, x-ray diffractometer and x-ray flourometer respectively on its morphology, component and structure characteristic. Thermodynamic stability of the three samples were also examined by thermal analysis method. Research revealed all three coatings possessed compact and tight surface structure with excellent thermodynamic stability. Also, it was more efficient to enhance the thermodynamic stability of the Ni-P alloy coating by adding atom Cu rather than atom Co or atom W. While Ni-W-P coating demonstrated a microcrystalline structure, both Ni-Co-P and Ni-Cu-P were amorphously structured. After thermal treatment three alloy coatings all experienced transformation from non-crystalline or microcrystalline state to a more stable crystalline state, XDR analysis indicated the reaction products were unit cells and inter metallic compounds of Ni3P.

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15

Chen, Huan Ming, Ya Hong Gao, Qiong Lv, Dong Yang, and Xin Xin Lin. "Synthesis and Properties of Electroless Ni-P-W/Nano-Al₂O₃ Composite Coatings Deposited on Sintered NdFeB Permanent Magnet." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 901–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.901.

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The Ni-P-W/nano-Al2O3composite coatings were deposited on the surface of sintered NdFeB permanent magnet by electroless plating method. The morphology and the phases of Ni-P-W/nano-Al2O3composite coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction respectively. The hardness and the corrosion resistance of the composite coatings were also tested. The results indicated that the composite coatings morphology appears closely nodules morphology, and the microhardness increases with increasing incorporation of Al2O3ratio. Compared with NdFeB magnet and Ni-P-W alloy coatings, the corrosion resistance of the composite coatings was superior to that of the NdFeB magnet and the alloy coating obviously.

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16

Hassan, Suriaya, Abdul Ansari, Arvind Kumar, Munna Ram, Sulaxna Sharma, and Awanish Sharma. "Corrosion Resistance of Electroless Ni-P-W/ZrO<sub>2</sub> Nanocomposite Coatings in Peracid Solutions." Materials Science Forum 1048 (January 4, 2022): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1048.72.

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In current investigation, the Ni-P-W/ZrO2 electroless nanocomposite coatings are deposited upon mild steel substrate (AISI 1040 grade). The W/ZrO2 nanoparticles (50 to 130 nm range) were incorporated separately into acidic electroless Ni-P matrix as a second phase materials. The as-plated EL Ni-P-W/ZrO2 depositions were also heated at 400 οC in Argon atmosphere for one hour duration and analyzed by SEM/EDAX and XRD physical methods. The Ni-P-W/ZrO2 as-plated coupons revealed nebulous type structures while heated coupons showed crystalline structures in both cases. Furthermore Ni-P-ZrO2 coatings have very less cracks and gaps as compared to Ni-P-W coatings. The corrosion tests result in peracid (0.30 ± 0.02 % active oxygen) solutions point up that corrosivity of peracid ( 500 ppm Cl) is more than peracid (0 ppm Cl) and corrosion resistance of tested coupons varies as Ni-P-ZrO2 (as-plated) > Ni-P-ZrO2 (heated) > Ni-P-W (as-plated) > Ni-P-W (heated) > MS. The utilization of Ni-P-ZrO2 nanocomposite coatings in peracid solutions can be considered a cost effective option on the basis of its better cost/strength ratio in addition to its fair corrosion resistance.

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17

Balaraju, J. N., S. Millath Jahan, C. Anandan, and K. S. Rajam. "Studies on electroless Ni–W–P and Ni–W–Cu–P alloy coatings using chloride-based bath." Surface and Coatings Technology 200, no. 16-17 (April 2006): 4885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.04.053.

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18

Araghi, A., and M. H. Paydar. "Wear and corrosion characteristics of electroless Ni–W–P–B4C and Ni–P–B4C coatings." Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces 8, no. 3 (February 5, 2014): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1751584x14y.0000000061.

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19

Popczyk, Magdalena, B. Łosiewicz, Eugeniusz Łągiewka, and A. Budniok. "Production and Structure of Nickel-Phosphorus Electrolytic Coatings Modified with Metallic Tungsten or Nickel Oxide." Solid State Phenomena 228 (March 2015): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.228.163.

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Electrodeposited Ni-P, Ni-W-P, Ni-P+W and Ni-P+NiO+W coatings were obtained in the galvanostatic conditions at the current density jdep = -200 mA cm-2. A stereoscopic microscope was used for surface characterization of the coatings. The phase composition of the coatings was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The chemical composition of the deposits was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). It was found out that the introduction of the tungsten powder in one case, and the nickel oxide and tungsten powder in the other into the electrolytic Ni-P matrix results in obtaining the coatings with a very rough surface. The coatings obtained in this way may be useful while applying them as electrode materials in electrochemistry.

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20

Ren, Lu, Yanhai Cheng, Jinyong Yang, and Qingguo Wang. "Study on Heat Transfer Performance and Anti-Fouling Mechanism of Ternary Ni-W-P Coating." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 3905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113905.

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Since the formation of fouling reduces heat transfer efficiency and causes energy loss, anti-fouling is desirable and may be achieved by coating. In this work, a nickel-tungsten-phosphorus (Ni-W-P) coating was prepared on the mild steel (1015) substrate using electroless plating by varying sodium tungstate concentration to improve its anti-fouling property. Surface morphology, microstructure, fouling behavior, and heat transfer performance of coatings were further reported. Also, the reaction path, transition state, and energy gradient change of calcite, aragonite, and vaterite were also calculated. During the deposition process, as the W and P elements were solids dissolved in the Ni crystal cell, the content of Ni element was obviously higher than that of the other two elements. Globular morphology was evenly covered on the surface. Consequently, the thermal conductivity of ternary Ni-W-P coating decreases from 8.48 W/m·K to 8.19 W/m·K with the increase of W content. Additionally, it goes up to 8.93 W/m·K with the increase of heat source temperature 343 K. Oxidation products are always accompanied by deposits of calcite-phase CaCO3 fouling. Due to the low surface energy of Ni-W-P coating, Ca2+ and [CO3]2− are prone to cross the transition state with a low energy barrier of 0.10 eV, resulting in the more formation of aragonite-phase CaCO3 fouling on ternary Ni-W-P coating. Nevertheless, because of the interaction of high surface energy and oxidation products on the bare matrix or Ni-W-P coating with superior W content, free Ca2+ and [CO3]2− can be easy to nucleate into calcite. As time goes on, the heat transfer efficiency of material with Ni-W-P coating is superior to the bare surface.

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21

Chen, Huan Ming, Dong Yang, Xin Xin Lin, Yan Qing Wang, Ling Ma, and Ya Hong Gao. "Investigation on the Interfacial Bonding Strength between Ni-P-W/Al₂O₃ Composite Coatings and NdFeB Matrix." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 1359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.1359.

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¹̄The Ni-P-W/Al2O3 composite coatings were deposited on the NdFeB magnetic materials surface by electroless plating method. The morphology of Ni-P-W/Al2O3 coatings was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. And the X-ray diffraction was used to identify the phase constituents. The interfacial bonding strength between Ni-P-W/Al2O3 composite coatings and NdFeB matrix was also tested. The results indicated that the interfacial bonding strength is prone to be increased while the Al2O3 powders co-deposited with Ni-P-W coatings. And the interfacial bonding strength would reach the highest value when the Al2O3 concentration is in rang of 5gL-1 to 10gL-1.

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22

LIU, Hong, Rong-Xin Guo, and Zhu LIU. "Characteristics of microstructure and performance of laser-treated electroless Ni–P/Ni–W–P duplex coatings." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 22, no. 12 (December 2012): 3012–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(11)61564-1.

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23

Chang, Yun Feng, Kung Hsu Hou, and Ming Der Ger. "Multi-Layer Coating for Optical Mold of Strengthening by Electroplating Ni-W and Electroless Plating Ni-Mo-P by Nonisothermal Method." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1896–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1896.

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The development of optical mold coatings has become a key technology in precision optical components in recent years. Researchers are still seeking ideal electroforming materials capable of resisting higher temperature and improve the lifespan of optical mold. Examples of these materials include Ni-W, and Ni-Mo-P alloy plating, among others. However, the literature rarely mentions these alloys as protective coatings. This may be because coating stability, flatness, and strength cannot achieve the desired protective effects. This study develops a combination of two wet electrochemical processes to form a multi-layer coating on optical molds. This coating consists of Ni-W, and Ni-Mo-P alloys. The proposed treatment process attempts to enhance the mechanical strength of the mold and extend its lifespan. We first used electro-deposition to form a thick-film Ni-W coating, and then applied the electroless plating by nonisothermal deposition method (NITD) to create a Ni-Mo-P thin-film and form a multi-layer coating. We also measured the composition, hardness, and elastic modulus of the protective coating as a reference basis for the development of optical molds. The results of this study reveal the appropriate process parameters to provide the multilayer films with a high strength and flat surface. This article can serve as a reference for the development of optical mold coatings.

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24

Chen, Wei-Yu, Shih-Kang Tien, Fan-Bean Wu, and Jenq-Gong Duh. "Crystallization behaviors and microhardness of sputtered Ni–P, Ni–P–Cr and Ni–P–W deposits on tool steel." Surface and Coatings Technology 182, no. 1 (April 2004): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(03)00851-x.

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25

Pan, Yan-Fei, Jin-Tian Huang, and Xin Wang. "Preparation and characterization of micro or nano cellulose fibers via electroless Ni-P composite coatings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanomaterials, Nanoengineering and Nanosystems 230, no. 4 (August 3, 2016): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740349915590006.

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Ni-P composite coatings were prepared on cellulose fiber surface via a simple electroless Ni-P approach. The metal-coated extent, dispersion extent of micro or nano cellulose fibers and crystalline structure of Ni-P composite coatings were investigated. The homogeneous hollow composite coatings and metal-coated extent of micro or nano cellulose fibers were improved with the increase in ultrasonic power, and the ideal composite coatings were obtained as ultrasonic up to 960 W. The metallization for cellulose fibers enhanced the dispersion extent of micro or nano cellulose fibers. A uniform coating, consisting of the hollow coating on cellulose fibers surface, could be obtained. At the same time, metallization did not damage the original structure and surface functional groups of cellulose fibers. The concentration of cellulose fibers and ultrasonic power had a direct influence on the metal-coated extent of cellulose fiber surface. The metal-coated extent, dispersion extent of micro or nano cellulose fibers and crystalline structure of Ni-P composite coatings exhibited excellent properties as the concentration of cellulose fibers and ultrasonic power were 2 g/L and 960 W, respectively.

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26

Liu, H., R. X. Guo, J. S. Bian, and Z. Liu. "Effect of laser-induced nanocrystallisation on the properties of electroless Ni-P/Ni-W-P duplex coatings." Crystal Research and Technology 48, no. 2 (February 2013): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.201200427.

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27

Yüksel, B., G. Erdogan, F. E. Bastan, and R. A. Yildiz. "Corrosion resistance of as-plated and heat-treated electroless dublex Ni-P/Ni-B-W coatings." Materiali in tehnologije 51, no. 5 (October 16, 2017): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17222/mit.2016.304.

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28

Shu, Xin, Yuxin Wang, Xin Lu, Chuming Liu, and Wei Gao. "Parameter optimization for electroless Ni–W–P coating." Surface and Coatings Technology 276 (August 2015): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.06.068.

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29

Valova, E., and S. Armyanov. "Localization and chemical state of the third element (Zn, W) in electrolessly deposited nanocrystalline Ni-Zn-P, Ni-W-P and Co-W-P coatings." Russian Journal of Electrochemistry 44, no. 6 (June 2008): 709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1023193508060116.

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30

Sharma, Tanu, Holger Bera, Delilah A. Brown, Andreas Schulze, and Ralf Brüning. "Thermal evolution, phase composition and fracture toughness of electroless Ni-P, Ni-W-P and Ni-Mo-W-P films for solderable surfaces on copper." Surface and Coatings Technology 467 (August 2023): 129722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.129722.

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31

Eraslan, Sinem, and Mustafa Ürgen. "Oxidation behavior of electroless Ni–P, Ni–B and Ni–W–B coatings deposited on steel substrates." Surface and Coatings Technology 265 (March 2015): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.01.064.

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32

Liao, Y., S. T. Zhang, and R. Dryfe. "A study of corrosion performance of electroless Ni-P and Ni-W-P coatings on AZ91D magnesium alloy." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 42, no. 9 (September 2011): 833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201100850.

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33

Papachristos, V. D., C. N. Panagopoulos, P. Leisner, M. B. Olsen, and U. Wahlstrom. "Sliding wear behaviour of Ni–P–W composition-modulated coatings." Surface and Coatings Technology 105, no. 3 (June 1998): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(98)00459-9.

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34

Panagopoulos, C. N., V. D. Papachristos, U. Wahlstrom, P. Leisner, and L. W. Christoffersen. "Ni-P-W multilayered alloy coatings produced by pulse plating." Scripta Materialia 43, no. 7 (September 2000): 677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(00)00446-2.

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35

Roy, Supriyo, and Prasanta Sahoo. "Friction Performance Optimization of Chemically Deposited Ni-P-W Coating Using Taguchi Method." ISRN Tribology 2013 (August 29, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/136740.

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The present study considers the friction behavior of chemically deposited Ni-P-W coatings and optimization of the coating process parameters for minimum friction using Taguchi method. The study is carried out by varying the combination of four coating process parameters, namely, concentration of nickel source, concentration of reducing agent, concentration of tungsten source, and annealing temperature. The friction tests are conducted in a plate-on-roller configuration by keeping the coated sample fixed against a rotating steel roller. The optimum combination of process parameters for minimum friction coefficient is obtained from the analysis of S/N ratio. Furthermore, a statistical analysis of variance reveals that the concentration of nickel source solution has the most significant influence in controlling friction characteristics of Ni-P-W coating. The surface morphology and composition of coatings are also studied with the help of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersed x-ray analysis, and x-ray diffraction analysis.

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36

Yu, Zu Xiao, De Tao Zheng, Hong Guo, Yong Liu, Yuan Liang Luo, and Chao Deng. "The Influences of Additives and Heat Treatment on the Properties of Electroless Plating Ni-W-Mo-P Alloy on the Aluminum." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 1585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1585.

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To improve the wear resistance and anti-corrosion properties of the aluminum, the electroless plating Ni-W-Mo-P alloy on the aluminum is necessary. The influences of heat treatment and additives (stabilizers) on the porosity, deposition rate, corrosion current, corrosion potential, microhardness and wear resistance of electroless plating Ni-W-Mo-P alloy coating, were investigated using electrochemical methods, etc. The results show that the deposition rate and anti-corrosion properties of electroless plating Ni-W-Mo-P are improved when the stabilizers, including KI (1mg/L) and “KIO3 (1mg/L) + Pb (Ac)2 (1mg/L)”, are added into bath, respectively. In addition, the maximum hardness (902 HV) and good wear resistance of Ni-W-Mo-P coatings are obtained when heated at 400°C (1h). However, its corrosion resistance is worse. Its microhardness is also obviously improved after heated at 200°Cfor 6 h, and the microhardness reaches to 950 HV.

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Yao, Huai, Guang Lin Zhu, and Meng Du. "The Research on Coating of Electroless Ni-W-P Ternary Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.373.

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The ternary Ni-W-P alloy coatings were deposited on the surface of Q235 steel using Chemical deposition. The microstructure, phase analysis, plating velocity and hardness were investigated with scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction technique and Vickers hardness tester. The results showed that the plating rate had been increased firstly, and then decreased with the increment of sodium citrate concentration in the range of 20-80g/L, the maximum plating velocity was 9.14μm/h. The hardness of Ni-W-P plating increased first and then decreased with the increment of sodium citrate concentration, the maximum hardness was 643HV when the concentration of sodium citrate was 40g/L. When the concentration of sodium citrate was 40g/L, the substrate was completely covered by Ni-W-P plating, the surface was composed of uniform crystalline grains, and had no obvious defects and presented amorphous. The coating and substrate were relatively strong, the coating had no the phenomena of fall off and crackle in the bending and files tests when the concentration of sodium citrate was 40g/L and 50g/L respectively.

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38

Zhu, Xiao Yun, Zhong Cheng Guo, and Xian Wan Yang. "Corrosion Resistance of Electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC-PTFE Composite Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.349.

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Corrosion rates and anode polarization curves of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC-PTFE composite coatings in various concentrations of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid solutions have been studied. Results show that corrosion law of the RE-Ni-W-P-PTFE-SiC composite coatings in various concentrations of sulfuric acid solutions is identical. The corrosion rates of the composite coatings are increased with increasing sulfuric acid concentration while the corrosion rates are decreased with increasing concentration of hydrochloric acid. Anode polarization curves of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC-PTFE composite coatings in various concentrations of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid solutions have showed that anode polarization electric current density of the composites at 200°C or 500°C heat treatment was below that at other heat treatment, it is clear that the composite coatings at 200°C or 500°C heat treatment has better corrosion resistance.

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39

Wu, Fan-Bean, Shieh-Kang Tien, Jenq-Gong Duh, and Jyh-Hwa Wang. "Surface characteristics of electroless and sputtered Ni–P–W alloy coatings." Surface and Coatings Technology 166, no. 1 (March 2003): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(02)00725-9.

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40

Wu, F. B., S. K. Tien, W. Y. Chen, and J. G. Duh. "Microstructure evaluation and strengthening mechanism of Ni–P–W alloy coatings." Surface and Coatings Technology 177-178 (January 2004): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2003.09.010.

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41

Wu, Fan-Bean, Yu-Ming Su, Yan-Zo Tsai, and Jenq-Gong Duh. "Fabrication and characterization of the Ni–P–Al–W multicomponent coatings." Surface and Coatings Technology 202, no. 4-7 (December 2007): 762–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.06.070.

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42

Li, Nai Jun, Mei Mei Li, Nai Wei Li, Xu Huan An, and Hong Sun. "The Preparation and Apply of Ni-W-P Alloy Coating for Electricity-Control Equipment." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.91.

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The treatment technics for substrate was researched and improved by experimentations, the technics and additive research of plating for forming ornamental and functional multicomponents alloy was carried out completely, the optimum technics of plating multicomponents alloy was been found. The coatings made by optimum technics were with excellent corrosion-resistance ,wear-resistance, oxidation-resistance and with a smooth, fine, shining surface. It was proved that the 8.9% phosphorus in the coating and the coating was amorphous crystal by determinations. And it was found that the combination force between the substrate and the coating was vary good and the properties of coating to resist corrosion and abrasion were much better than that of Ni-P alloy through the tests.The coating was finery in ornamentally also.

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43

Elias, Liju, and A. Chitharanjan Hegde. "A comparative study on the electrocatalytic activity of electrodeposited Ni-W and Ni-P alloy coatings." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 10 (2018): 21156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.06.514.

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44

Jia, Ya-Peng, Wan-Chang Sun, Yan Xiao, Jing-Pei Liu, Cong-Xiao Zhang, Tong-Qiang Zhang, and Ze-Feng Hou. "Effect of rare earth on microstructure and corrosion behavior of electroless Ni-W-P composite coatings." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 69, no. 3 (March 24, 2022): 302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-11-2021-2575.

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Purpose This paper aims to research the effect of different concentrations for Nd(NO3)3 and Ce(NO3)3 on the microstructures and corrosion resistance of Ni-W-P composite coatings through electroless plating method. Design/methodology/approach Scanning electron microscope, attached energy dispersive spectroscopy system and X-ray diffraction were used in this work. Meanwhile, the immersion test and electrochemical tests were used to characterize the corrosion behavior of the coating. Findings The coatings prepared at 1.00 g·L−1 Nd(NO3)3 exhibit a dense structure and high phosphorus content (12.38 wt.%). In addition, compared to the addition of Ce(NO3)3, when Nd(NO3)3 was introduced at a concentration of 1.00 g·L−1, the minimum corrosion rate of the coating was 1.209 g·m−2·h−1, with a noble Ecorr (−0.29 V) and lower Icorr (8.29 × 10−4 A·cm−2). Originality/value The effects of rare earths on the deposition and corrosion resistance mechanisms of Ni-W-P composite coatings were explored, with the rare earth elements promoting the deposition of nickel and tungsten atoms. Simultaneously, the amorphization of the coating increases, which excellently enhances the corrosion resistance of the coating.

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Zhu, Xiao Yun, and Zhong Cheng Guo. "Process and Properties of Pulse Electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC Composite Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.385.

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Process and properties of pulse electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings were studied. The results show that the deposited rate by pulse current is larger than that by direct current; the deposited coatings by pulse current are better than that by direct current in corrosion resistance and microhardness. And the corrosion resistance of the coatings with pulse current is better than that of stainless steel (1Cr18Ni9Ti). The duty ratio and the pulse frequency in the process of electrodeposition have a large influence on the deposition rate, the composition and the properties of coatings. SEM measurement shows that the crystals with pulse current are smaller and the surface is smoother than that by direct current. It is beneficial to make crystalline grain finer by mixing rare earth.

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46

Zhang, W. X., N. Huang, J. G. He, Z. H. Jiang, Q. Jiang, and J. S. Lian. "Electroless deposition of Ni–W–P coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy." Applied Surface Science 253, no. 11 (March 2007): 5116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.11.022.

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47

Krasikov, A. V. "Synthesis of nanocomposite coating of electrodeposed amorphic layers of the Ni–P–W system." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 4(100) (March 20, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2019-100-4-53-60.

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The processes of the formation of the nanocomposite coating of Ni–11.5% P–5%W were studied during the heat treatment of amorphous electrodeposited layers. Using the method of differential scanning calorimetry, the temperature of the onset of crystallization of the nanocrystalline phase Ni3P was determined. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that heat treatment produces Ni3P phosphides and, presumably, Ni5P2, the size of which, according to electron microscopy, is 5–50 nm. The influence of the duration of heat treatment on the phase composition and microhardness of coatings is investigated.

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48

Krasikov, A. V. "Synthesis of Nanocomposite Coatings Based on Electrodeposited Amorphous Ni–P–W Layers." Inorganic Materials: Applied Research 11, no. 6 (November 2020): 1359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s207511332006012x.

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49

Liu, H., F. Viejo, R. X. Guo, S. Glenday, and Z. Liu. "Microstructure and corrosion performance of laser-annealed electroless Ni–W–P coatings." Surface and Coatings Technology 204, no. 9-10 (January 2010): 1549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.09.074.

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50

Mahalingam, Dinesh K., and Parthasarathi Bera. "Characterization and microhardness of Ni−W−P coatings electrodeposited with gluconate bath." Surfaces and Interfaces 22 (February 2021): 100769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100769.

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