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Journal articles on the topic 'Ni2P'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Hoang, Dinh Thai, Hiroo Takaragawa, Le Trong Lu, Eizo Taira, and Yoshinobu Kawamitsu. "Variations in Growth Performance and Nitrogen Uptake of Sugarcane Cultivars Under Rain-Fed Conditions." Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 2 (2020): 571–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2020.3.2.01.

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The experiment was conducted to evaluate growth and nitrogen uptake of the twelve sugarcane varieties, viz. NiF3, NiF8, Ni9, Ni12, Ni15, Ni17, Ni21, Ni22, Ni25, Ni27, Ni28, and Ni29, under rain-fed conditions during the period from 70 to 160 days after transplanting (DAT) at the experimental field, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. The results showed that water shortage from a rain-fed condition caused reductions, but not significant in plant height and SPAD of sugarcane varieties. The genetic variation in leaf area, yield components, partial and total biomass, and cane yield was found among the investigated varieties. The positive associations between total nitrogen uptake with total biomass production and cane yield suggested that higher nitrogen uptake supports better growth performance of sugarcane under rain-fed conditions. From this study, NiF3 and Ni27 could be introduced as the promising sugarcane varieties for better growth performance and high nitrogen uptake under rain-fed conditions.

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2

Cross, Russell W., and Nelson Y. Dzade. "First-Principles Mechanistic Insights into the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Ni2P Electrocatalyst in Alkaline Medium." Catalysts 10, no. 3 (2020): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10030307.

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Nickel phosphide (Ni2P) is a promising material for the electrocatalytic generation of hydrogen from water. Here, we present a chemical picture of the fundamental mechanism of Volmer–Tafel steps in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity under alkaline conditions at the (0001) and (10 1 ¯ 0) surfaces of Ni2P using dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations. Two terminations of each surface (Ni3P2- and Ni3P-terminated (0001); and Ni2P- and NiP-terminated (10 1 ¯ 0)), which have been shown to coexist in Ni2P samples depending on the experimental conditions, were studied. Water adsorption on the different terminations of the Ni2P (0001) and (10 1 ¯ 0) surfaces is shown to be exothermic (binding energy in the range of 0.33−0.68 eV) and characterized by negligible charge transfer to/from the catalyst surface (0.01−0.04 e−). High activation energy barriers (0.86−1.53 eV) were predicted for the dissociation of water on each termination of the Ni2P (0001) and (10 1 ¯ 0) surfaces, indicating sluggish kinetics for the initial Volmer step in the hydrogen evolution reaction over a Ni2P catalyst. Based on the predicted Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption (ΔGH*) at different surface sites, we found that the presence of Ni3-hollow sites on the (0001) surface and bridge Ni-Ni sites on the (10 1 ¯ 0) surface bind the H atom too strongly. To achieve facile kinetics for both the Volmer and Heyrovsky–Tafel steps, modification of the surface structure and tuning of the electronic properties through transition metal doping is recommended as an important strategy.

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3

Chen, Jixiang, Lingmin Sun, Rijie Wang, and Jiyan Zhang. "Hydrodechlorination of Chlorobenzene Over Ni2P/SiO2 Catalysts: Influence of Ni2P Loading." Catalysis Letters 133, no. 3-4 (2009): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10562-009-0191-9.

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4

González-Castaño, Miriam, Estelle le Saché, Cameron Berry, et al. "Nickel Phosphide Catalysts as Efficient Systems for CO2 Upgrading via Dry Reforming of Methane." Catalysts 11, no. 4 (2021): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11040446.

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This work establishes the primordial role played by the support’s nature when aimed at the constitution of Ni2P active phases for supported catalysts. Thus, carbon dioxide reforming of methane was studied over three novel Ni2P catalysts supported on Al2O3, CeO2 and SiO2-Al2O3 oxides. The catalytic performance, shown by the catalysts’ series, decreased according to the sequence: Ni2P/Al2O3 > Ni2P/CeO2 > Ni2P/SiO2-Al2O3. The depleted CO2 conversion rates discerned for the Ni2P/SiO2-Al2O3 sample were associated to the high sintering rates, large amounts of coke deposits and lower fractions of Ni2P constituted in the catalyst surface. The strong deactivation issues found for the Ni2P/CeO2 catalyst, which also exhibited small amounts of Ni2P species, were majorly associated to Ni oxidation issues. Along with lower surface areas, oxidation reactions might also affect the catalytic behaviour exhibited by the Ni2P/CeO2 sample. With the highest conversion rate and optimal stabilities, the excellent performance depicted by the Ni2P/Al2O3 catalyst was mostly related to the noticeable larger fractions of Ni2P species established.

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5

Kanama, Daisuke, S. Ted Oyama, Shigeki Otani, and David F. Cox. "Ni2P (0001) by XPS." Surface Science Spectra 8, no. 3 (2001): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/11.20020303.

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6

Song, Hua, Xueya Dai, Nan Jiang, Zijin Yan, Tianhan Zhu, and Feng Li. "The effect of neodymium and yttrium on benzofuran hydrodeoxygenation performance over a bulk Ni2P catalyst." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 44, no. 1 (2019): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468678319830488.

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Neodymium (Nd)- or yttrium (Y)- modified bulk Ni2P catalysts (Nd-Ni2P or Y-Ni2P) have been successfully prepared and their catalytic performance in benzofuran hydrodeoxygenation have been investigated. The as-prepared catalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, CO uptake and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The addition of Nd or Y, especially Nd, can increase the surface area of the catalysts and promote the formation of smaller and more highly dispersed Ni2P particles. The Nd-Ni2P catalyst showed the highest benzofuran hydrodeoxygenation activity of 95.3% and the O-free products yield of 74.6%, which gives an increase of 25.3% and 35.4% when compared with that found for Ni2P.

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7

Han, Chunbao, Hua Song, Nan Jiang, Yanguang Chen, Feng Li, and Tianzhen Hao. "Effect of Ti on dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization performance over bulk Ni2P." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 44, no. 1 (2019): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468678319825693.

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A series of Ti-incorporated bulk Ni2P catalysts was prepared by means of temperature-programmed reduction, and the role of metallic Ti on the structure and catalytic activity of the Ni2P catalysts was studied. For this purpose, bulk Ni2P catalysts with metal Ti contents of 0.005 wt%, 0.01 wt%, and 0.02 wt% were synthesized. X-ray diffraction, CO uptake, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the catalysts. Addition of titanium could increase the surface area and promote the formation of small, highly dispersed Ni2P particles. The Ti0.02-Ni2P system with a Ti molar fraction of 0.02 showed the highest hydrodesulfurization activity of 99.6%, which was an increase of 44% compared with that found for the bulk Ni2P.

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8

Huang, Jinyu, Feifei Li, Baozhong Liu, and Peng Zhang. "Ni2P/rGO/NF Nanosheets As a Bifunctional High-Performance Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting." Materials 13, no. 3 (2020): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030744.

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The hydrogen generated via the water splitting method is restricted by the high level of theoretical potential exhibited by the anode. The work focuses on synthesizing a bifunctional catalyst with a high efficiency, that is, a nickel phosphide doped with the reduced graphene oxide nanosheets supported on the Ni foam (Ni2P/rGO/NF), via the hydrothermal approach together with the calcination approach specific to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The Raman, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), as well as elemental mapping, are adopted to study the composition and morphology possessed by Ni2P/rGO/NF. The electrochemical testing is performed by constructing a parallel two-electrode electrolyzer (Ni2P/rGO/NF||Ni2P/rGO/NF). Ni2P/rGO/NF||Ni2P/rGO/NF needs a voltage of only 1.676 V for driving 10 mA/cm2, which is extremely close to Pt/C/NF||IrO2/NF (1.502 V). It is possible to maintain the current density for no less than 30 hours. It can be demonstrated that Ni2P/rGO/NF||Ni2P/rGO/NF has commercial feasibility, relying on the strong activity and high stability.

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9

Ayom, Gwaza Eric, Malik Dilshad Khan, Jonghyun Choi, Ram Krishna Gupta, Werner E. van Zyl, and Neerish Revaprasadu. "Synergistically enhanced performance of transition-metal doped Ni2P for supercapacitance and overall water splitting." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 34 (2021): 11821–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt01058a.

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Ni, Co and Fe dithiophosphonate complexes were synthesized to prepare pristine Ni2P, Co-Ni2P and Fe-Ni2P nanoparticles. The potential of synthesized materials was tested for supercapacitance and overall water splitting and the materials showed excellent activity.

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10

Schrey, F., T. Boone, S. Nakahara, M. Robbins, and A. Appelbaum. "Structure of sputtered Ni2P films." Thin Solid Films 149, no. 3 (1987): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(87)90393-2.

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11

Deliy, Irina, Ivan Shamanaev, Pavel Aleksandrov, et al. "Support Effect on the Performance of Ni2P Catalysts in the Hydrodeoxygenation of Methyl Palmitate." Catalysts 8, no. 11 (2018): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8110515.

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The effect of support nature, SiO2 and γ-Al2O3, on physicochemical and catalytic properties of nickel phosphide catalysts in methyl palmitate hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) has been considered. Firstly, alumina-supported nickel phosphide catalysts prepared by temperature-programmed reduction method starting from different precursors (phosphate–Ni(NO3)2 and (NH4)2HPO4 or phosphite–Ni(OH)2 and H3PO3) were compared using elemental analysis, N2 physisorption, H2-TPR, XRD, TEM, NH3-TPD, 27Al and 31P MAS NMR techniques and catalytic experiments. The mixture of nickel phosphide phases was produced from phosphate precursor on alumina while using of phosphite precursor provides Ni2P formation with the higher activity in methyl palmitate HDO. Besides, the comparative study of the performances of Ni2P/SiO2 and Ni2P/Al2O3 catalysts demonstrates the apparent superiority of alumina-supported Ni2P in the methyl palmitate hydrodeoxygenation. Considering the tentative scheme of methyl palmitate transformation, we proposed that cooperation of Ni2P and acid sites on the surface of alumina provides the enhanced activity of alumina-supported Ni2P through the acceleration of acid-catalysed hydrolysis.

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12

Kim, Yong-Su, Kye-Sung Cho та Yong-Kul Lee. "Structure and Activity of Ni2P/Desilicated Zeolite β Catalysts for Hydrocracking of Pyrolysis Fuel Oil into Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene". Catalysts 10, № 1 (2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10010047.

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The effects of desilication (DS) of the zeolite β on the hydrocracking of polycyclic aromatics were investigated using the Ni2P/β catalysts. The Ni2P/β catalysts were obtained by the temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) method, and the physical and chemical properties were examined by N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), 27Al magic angle spinning–nuclear magnetic resonance (27Al MAS NMR), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), isopropyl amine (IPA) and NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), CO uptake, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The catalytic activity was examined at 653 K and 6.0 MPa in a continuous fixed bed reactor for the hydrocracking (HCK) of model compounds of 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN) and phenanthrene or a real feedstock of pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO). Overall, the Ni2P/DS-β was observed as more active and stable in the hydrocracking of polycyclic aromatics than the Ni2P/β catalyst. In addition, the Ni2P/β suffered from the coke formation, while the Ni2P/DS-β maintained the catalytic stability, particularly in the presence of large polycyclic hydrocarbons in the feed.

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13

Yang, Yan, Jixiang Chen, and Heng Shi. "Deoxygenation of Methyl Laurate as a Model Compound to Hydrocarbons on Ni2P/SiO2, Ni2P/MCM-41, and Ni2P/SBA-15 Catalysts with Different Dispersions." Energy & Fuels 27, no. 6 (2013): 3400–3409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef4004895.

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14

Yu, Yunwu, Lianjie Liang, Changwei Xu, et al. "Effect of cerium content on textural and hydrodesulfurization performance for dibenzothiophene over a bulk Ni2P catalyst." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 44, no. 1 (2019): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468678319830798.

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A series of ceria promoted Ni2P catalysts were prepared and evaluated in dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization steam. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, CO chemisorptions, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that the addition of ceria into the bulk Ni2P catalyst was conducive to the formation of the Ni2P phase and contributed to a higher surface area, leading to a better dispersion and smaller crystallite size of Ni2P particles. The CexNi2P catalysts showed higher dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization activity than Ni2P catalyst and the Ce0.09Ni2P catalyst showed the highest dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization activity. The Ce0.09Ni2P catalyst showed a dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization conversion of 94.5% at the reaction conditions of 320°C, 4.0 MPa, a H2/oil ratio of 500 (V/V), and a weight hourly space velocity of 8.0 h−1. The dibenzothiophene was mainly transformed through desulfurization pathway.

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15

Stern, Lucas-Alexandre, Ligang Feng, Fang Song, and Xile Hu. "Ni2P as a Janus catalyst for water splitting: the oxygen evolution activity of Ni2P nanoparticles." Energy & Environmental Science 8, no. 8 (2015): 2347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ee01155h.

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16

Song, Hua, Zi Dong Wang, Zai Shun Jin, Feng Li, Huai Yuan Wang, and Hua Lin Song. "Preparation of Nano Ni₂P/TiO₂-Al₂O₃ Catalyst and Catalytic Activity for Hydrodesulfurization." Advanced Materials Research 983 (June 2014): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.983.71.

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nanonickel phosphide Ni2P catalysts supported on TiO2-Al2O3 support were prepared by impregnation. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, and XPS. The effects of impregnation method,Ni2P loading on catalyst structure and HDS activity were studied. The results indicated that co-impregnation method is beneficial to the formation of Ni2P and can avoid the formation of Ni12P5. The catalyst prepared with co-impregnation method, Ni2P loading of 30% exhibited the best performance. At a reaction temperature of 606 K, a pressure of 3.0 MPa, a hydrogen/oil ratio of 500 (V/V), and a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 2.0 h-1, the conversion of DBT HDS was 96.0%.

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17

Lin, Riyi, Huida Pan, Weidong Xu, et al. "Hydrodesulfurization of benzothiophene on Ni2P surface." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 6 (2020): 2711–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720949976.

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The study of benzothiophene hydrodesulfurization reaction path contribute to clarifying the mechanism of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of heavy oil. In this work, experiments and simulations were combined to study the reaction pathway of benzothiophene hydrodesulfurization catalyzed by Ni2P. In experimental part, Ni2P catalyst was prepared and characterized. Then, the catalytic property of the catalyst for benzothiophene hydrodesulfurization was evaluated. The substance types and contents in the liquid phase products were detected to verify the accuracy of the simulation results. Dmol3 module of the Materials Studio (MS) simulation software was used to simulate the adsorption and hydrodesulfurization of benzothiophene on the surface of Ni2P catalyst and explore the most probable reaction path. The results showed that the most stable adsorption configuration of benzothiophene on the surface of Ni2P was Ni-hcp. In addition, indirect desulfurization of benzothiophene was more advantageous than direct desulfurization. The most possible path for indirect desulfurization was Benzothiophene (BT) – Dihydrobenzothiophene (DHBT) – C8H9S2 – 2-phenylethyl mercaptan (PET) – Ethylbenzene (EB), while that of direct desulfurization was Benzothiophene (BT) – C8H7S2 – Styrene thiol (CMT) – Styrene (ST) – Ethylbenzene (EB).

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18

Zhang, Yang, Wei Wang, Xin Jiang, Xiaofang Su, O. V. Kikhtyanin, and Wei Wu. "Hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane over a Pd–Ni2P/SAPO-31 bifunctional catalyst: synergistic effects of bimetallic active sites." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 3 (2018): 817–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cy02106b.

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19

Kanama, Daisuke, S. Ted Oyama, Shigeki Otani, and David F. Cox. "Photoemission and LEED characterization of Ni2P()." Surface Science 552, no. 1-3 (2004): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2004.01.038.

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20

He, Heng, Jing Cao, Minna Guo, et al. "Distinctive ternary CdS/Ni2P/g-C3N4 composite for overall water splitting: Ni2P accelerating separation of photocarriers." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 249 (July 2019): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.02.055.

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21

Li, Hui, Yunmei Du, Yunlei Fu, et al. "Self-supported Ni2P nanotubes coated with FeP nanoparticles electrocatalyst (FeP@Ni2P/NF) for oxygen evolution reaction." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 1 (2020): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.210.

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22

Wang, Junen, Yanling Wang, Gaoli Chen, and Zhanjun He. "Highly Loaded and Dispersed Ni2P/Al2O3 Catalyst with High Selectivity for Hydrogenation of Acetophenone." Catalysts 8, no. 8 (2018): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8080309.

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Highly loaded and dispersed Ni2P/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by the phosphidation of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst with Ni loading of 80 wt.% in liquid phase and compared with the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst for the hydrogenation of acetophenone. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) etc. were used to characterize the textural and structural properties of the prepared catalysts. It was found that the Ni/Al2O3 and Ni2P/Al2O3 catalyst possessed high surface area, loading and dispersion. The Ni/Al2O3 catalyst had higher apparent activity while the Ni2P/Al2O3 catalyst had higher intrinsic activity for the hydrogenation of acetophenone (AP). Remarkably, the Ni2P/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited high selectivity to 1-phenylethanol, due to repulsion of the phosphorous (Pδ−) for phenyl group and attraction of the nickel (Niδ+) for oxygen atom of carbonyl group, leading to preferential hydrogenation of carbonyl group in acetophenone. The effect of the particle size of the catalyst on the chemical selectivity might be another reason for high selectivity on the Ni2P/Al2O3 catalyst.

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23

Yu, Yunwu, Lianjie Liang, Yunxue Liu, et al. "Ni2P/Al2O3 hydrodesulfurization catalysts prepared from hypophosphite under a nitrogen atmosphere." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 45 (October 3, 2019): 146867831987764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468678319877643.

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A novel method for preparing Ni2P/Al2O3(L) catalysts in an N2 atmosphere by decomposition of hypophosphites was proposed, and Ni2P/Al2O3(T) catalyst was synthesized by the temperature programmed reduction method in a H2 atmosphere for comparison. These prepared catalysts were washed with deionized water to remove impurities. The X-ray diffraction, N2-adsorption specific surface area measurements, CO uptake, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to characterize these catalysts. The activities of the Ni2P/Al2O3 catalysts prepared with the two different methods were tested in the dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization reaction.

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24

Britvin, Sergey N., Michail N. Murashko, Yevgeny Vapnik, et al. "Transjordanite, Ni2P, a new terrestrial and meteoritic phosphide, and natural solid solutions barringerite-transjordanite (hexagonal Fe2P–Ni2P)." American Mineralogist 105, no. 3 (2020): 428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7275.

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Abstract This paper is a first detailed report of natural hexagonal solid solutions along the join Fe2P–Ni2P. Transjordanite, Ni2P, a Ni-dominant counterpart of barringerite (a low-pressure polymorph of Fe2P), is a new mineral. It was discovered in the pyrometamorphic phosphide assemblages of the Hatrurim Formation (the Dead Sea area, Southern Levant) and was named for the occurrence on the Transjordan Plateau, West Jordan. Later on, the mineral was confirmed in the Cambria meteorite (iron ungrouped, fine octahedrite), and it likely occurs in CM2 carbonaceous chondrites (Mighei group). Under reflected light, transjordanite is white with a beige tint. It is non-pleochroic and weakly anisotropic. Reflectance values for four COM recommended wavelengths are [Rmax/Rmin, % (λ, nm)]: 45.1/44.2 (470), 49.9/48.5 (546), 52.1/50.3 (589), 54.3/52.1 (650). Transjordanite is hexagonal, space group P62m; unit-cell parameters for the holotype specimen, (Ni1.72Fe0.27)1.99P1.02, are: a = 5.8897(3), c = 3.3547(2) Å, V = 100.78(1) Å3, Z = 3. Dcalc = 7.30 g/cm3. The crystal structure of holotype transjordanite was solved and refined to R1 = 0.013 based on 190 independent observed [I &gt; 2σ(I)] reflections. The crystal structure represents a framework composed of two types of infinite rods propagated along the c-axis: (1) edge-sharing tetrahedra [M(1)P4] and (2) edge-sharing [M(2)P5] square pyramids. Determination of unit-cell parameters for 12 members of the Fe2P–Ni2P solid-solution series demonstrates that substitution of Ni for Fe in transjordanite and vice versa in barringerite does not obey Vegard’s law, indicative of preferential incorporation of minor substituent into M(1) position. Terrestrial transjordanite may contain up to 3 wt% Mo, whereas meteoritic mineral bears up to 0.2 wt% S.

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Yu, Tianpeng, Yingying Si, Zunhang Lv, et al. "Cd0.5Zn0.5S/Ni2P noble-metal-free photocatalyst for high-efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production: Ni2P boosting separation of photocarriers." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 60 (2019): 31832–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.126.

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26

Dai, Xueya, Hua Song, Hualin Song, Jing Gong, Feng Li, and Yanxiu Liu. "Reactivity and kinetic studies of benzofuran hydrodeoxygenation over a Ni2P-O/MCM-41 catalyst." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 44, no. 4 (2019): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468678319825909.

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A nickel phosphide hydrodeoxygenation catalyst (Ni2P-O/MCM-41) was prepared using a new synthetic method. The as-prepared catalyst was evaluated in the hydrodeoxygenation of benzofuran, and the effects of reaction temperature, pressure, and the H2/liquid ratio were investigated. A pseudo first-order model was employed to describe the reaction kinetics of benzofuran hydrodeoxygenation over the Ni2P-O/MCM-41 catalyst. The reaction rate constants ( k1– k5) at different temperatures were determined according to this model. At 533 K, the conversion of 2-ethylphenol in to ethylbenzene began to increase dramatically, and the yield of O-free product, ethylcyclohexane, started to increase rapidly. At 573 K, 3.0 MPa, and a H2/liquid ratio of 500 (V/V), the conversion of benzofuran over Ni2P-O/MCM-41 reached 93%, and the combined yield of O-free products was 91%. Contact time analysis indicated that demethylation was not favored over the Ni2P-O/MCM-41 catalyst.

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27

Yan, Jing Sen, and Hai Yan Wang. "Preparation and Performance of Ni₂P/TiO₂-Al₂O₃ for Hydrodenitrogenation." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.575.

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A series of TiO2-Al2O3 composite supports were prepared by hydrolysis and deposition of tetrabutyl titanate on macropore Al2O3, and the nickel phosphide catalyst, Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3, Ni2P/TiO2 and Ni2P/ Al2O3 were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and in situ H2 reduction method. Their hydrodenitrogenation(HDN) performance were evaluated on a continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor by using quinoline as the model molecules . The results show that the TiO2-Al2O3 composite support still retained the pore properties of macropore Al2O3, and anatase TiO2 were well dispersed on the Al2O3 surface. Different supports had great influence on the reduction behaviour of the oxidic precusors and HDN activity of phosphide catalysts.The main active phase after reduction was Ni2P phase for the TiO2 supportd catalyst, but only Ni12P5 appeared for the TiO2-Al2O3 and Al2O3 supported catalyst. The TiO2-Al2O3 supported catalyst with the Ti /Al atomic ratio of 0.12 exhibited the highest HDN activity among all catalysts.

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Zeppenfeld, Kai, and Wolfgang Jeitschko. "Magnetic behaviour of Ni3P Ni2P, NiP3 and the series Ln2Ni12P7 (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, GdLu)." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 54, no. 11 (1993): 1527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(93)90346-s.

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29

Bai, Yuanjuan, Yidan Zhang, Shihong Cheng, et al. "Uniform Loading of Nickel Phosphide Nanoparticles in Hierarchical Carbonized Wood Channel for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (April 10, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7180347.

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The development of self-supporting high-efficiency catalysts is a major challenge for the efficient production of H2 via water splitting. In this manuscript, a freestanding Ni2P-Ni12P5/carbonized wood (CW) composite electrode was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method and high-temperature calcination using pine wood with uniform channel as support and a large number of hydroxyl groups as nucleation center. The morphology and structural characteristics indicated that the Ni2P and Ni12P5 nanoparticles were uniformly distributed within the hierarchical porous structure of the CW. In acid media, the as-prepared Ni2P-Ni12P5/CW exhibits an excellent catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 151 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a reasonably good long-term stability.

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30

Wu, Yutai, Hui Wang, Shan Ji, Bruno G. Pollet, Xuyun Wang, and Rongfang Wang. "Engineered porous Ni2P-nanoparticle/Ni2P-nanosheet arrays via the Kirkendall effect and Ostwald ripening towards efficient overall water splitting." Nano Research 13, no. 8 (2020): 2098–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-2816-7.

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31

Yu, Shu-Hong, Jian Yang, Yong-Sheng Wu, et al. "A novel organothermal reduction process for producing nanocrystalline Ni2P with a circular-shaped flake morphology." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 12 (1998): 3365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0457.

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An organothermal reduction process has been successfully developed for synthesis of nanocrystalline Ni2P in benzene at 140 °C. An x-ray powder diffraction pattern (XRD) indicated that the product was pure hexagonal Ni2P phase with a cell constants a =0.5866 and c = 0.3377 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the average particle size of the powders was 40 nm with a circular-shaped flake morphology.

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32

Mohney, S. E., and Y. A. Chang. "Phase equilibria and ternary phase formation in the In–Ni–P system." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 4 (1992): 955–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.0955.

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Isothermal sections of the In–Ni–P phase diagram have been determined at 600 °C and 470 °C. Two new ternary phases not previously identified in bulk samples were found. A phase with the composition Ni57In22P21 is present at both 600 °C and 470 °C and was found by differential thermal analysis to melt at 736 °C. The phase Ni2InP was found to be in equilibrium with InP at 470 °C, but it does not appear in the 600 °C isotherm since it melts at 526 °C. The phases (In), Ni2P, Ni5P4, and NiP2 are in equilibrium with InP at both temperatures studied.

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Oyama, S. T., X. Wang, Y. K. Lee, and W. J. Chun. "Active phase of Ni2P/SiO2 in hydroprocessing reactions." Journal of Catalysis 221, no. 2 (2004): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9517(03)00017-4.

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34

Luo, Zhong-Zhen, Yu Zhang, Chaohua Zhang, et al. "Multifunctional 0D-2D Ni2P Nanocrystals-Black Phosphorus Heterostructure." Advanced Energy Materials 7, no. 2 (2016): 1601285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201601285.

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35

Liu, Xuguang, Baoquan Zhang та Lei Xu. "Noble metal catalyzed preparation of Ni2P/α-Al2O3". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 15, № 25 (2013): 10510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cp51170g.

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36

Ruan, Minzhi, Jun Guan, Demin He, Tao Meng, and Qiumin Zhang. "The hydrogenation of aromatic-naphthalene with Ni2P/CNTs." RSC Advances 5, no. 71 (2015): 57700–57703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra05364a.

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37

Gutiérrez-Rubio, Santiago, Antonio Berenguer, Jan Přech, et al. "Guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation over Ni2P supported on 2D-zeolites." Catalysis Today 345 (April 2020): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2019.11.015.

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38

Pan, Jiaqi, Wei Ou, Shi Li, et al. "Photocatalytic hydrogen production enhancement of Z-Scheme CdS quantum dots/Ni2P/Black Ti3+–TiO2 nanotubes with dual-functional Ni2P nanosheets." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 45, no. 58 (2020): 33478–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.084.

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39

Kang, Han-Byul, Jae-Wook Lee, Jee-Hwan Bae, et al. "Initial interfacial reaction layers formed in Sn–3.5Ag solder/electroless Ni–P plated Cu substrate system." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 8 (2008): 2195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0266.

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Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) was used to examine the initial interfacial reaction layers between a eutectic Sn–3.5Ag solder and an electroless nickel-immersion gold-plated (ENIG) Cu substrate during reflow at 255 °C for 1 s. AEM confirmed that a thick upper (Au,Ni)Sn2 layer and a thin Ni3Sn4 layer had formed through the reaction between the solder and ENIG. The amorphous electroless Ni(P) plated layer transformed into two P-rich Ni layers. One is a crystallized P-rich Ni layer, and the other is an intermediate state P-rich Ni layer before the crystallization. The crystallized P-rich layer consisted of Ni2P and Ni12P5. A thin Ni2P layer had formed underneath the Ni3Sn4 layer and is believed to be a predecessor of the Ni2SnP ternary phase. A Ni12P5 phase was observed beneath the Ni2P thin layer. In addition, nanocrystalline Ni was found to coexist with the amorphous Ni(P) phase in the intermediate state P-rich Ni layer.

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40

Du, Songjian, Tingting Li, Xinwei Wang, et al. "Molecular simulation on mechanism of thiophene hydrodesulfurization on surface of Ni2P." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 39, no. 3 (2021): 975–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598721994950.

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Hydrodesulfurization reaction, as the last step of hydrothermal cracking reaction, is of great significance for the reduction of viscosity and desulfurization of heavy oil. Based on Density Functional Theory and using Dmol3 module of Materials Studio, this research simulated the adsorption and hydrodesulfurization of thiophene on Ni2P (001) surface, and discussed the hydrodesulfurization reaction mechanism of thiophene on Ni2P (001) surface. It was found that the direct hydrodesulfurization of thiophene had more advantages than the indirect hydrodesulfurization of thiophene. Finally, the optimal reaction path was determined: C4H4S+H2→C4H6.

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41

Mabayoje, Oluwaniyi, Samuel G. Dunning, Kenta Kawashima, et al. "Hydrogen Evolution by Ni2P Catalysts Derived from Phosphine MOFs." ACS Applied Energy Materials 3, no. 1 (2019): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b02109.

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42

Wu, Hao, Yonghong Ni, Meifang Wang, and Dican Lu. "Shape-controlled synthesis and performance comparison of Ni2P nanostructures." CrystEngComm 18, no. 27 (2016): 5155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ce00386a.

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Edamoto, K., Y. Nakadai, H. Inomata, K. Ozawa, and S. Otani. "Soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of Ni2P(0001)." Solid State Communications 148, no. 3-4 (2008): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2008.07.037.

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Xiao, Xin, Dekang Huang, Yongqing Fu, et al. "Engineering NiS/Ni2P Heterostructures for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Splitting." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 5 (2018): 4689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b16430.

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45

Zhang, Jingru, Haiyan Wang, and Min Wei. "Preparation and Hydrodenitrogenation Performance of Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3 Catalyst." Asian Journal of Chemistry 25, no. 17 (2013): 9913–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.15620.

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46

Cecilia, J. A., A. Infantes-Molina, J. Sanmartín-Donoso, E. Rodríguez-Aguado, Daniel Ballesteros-Plata, and E. Rodríguez-Castellón. "Enhanced HDO activity of Ni2P promoted with noble metals." Catalysis Science & Technology 6, no. 19 (2016): 7323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cy00639f.

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A series of bimetallic Ni<sub>2</sub>P–noble metal (Pt, Rh, Ir or Ru) catalysts supported on commercial silica were prepared in order to evaluate the promoter effect of noble metals on the activity and stability of these catalysts in the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of dibenzofuran (DBF).

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Lu, Yi, Ji-kang Liu, Xia-yuan Liu, et al. "Facile synthesis of Ni-coated Ni2P for supercapacitor applications." CrystEngComm 15, no. 35 (2013): 7071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ce41214h.

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Chen, Jixiang, Yan Chen, Qing Yang, Kelun Li, and ChengCheng Yao. "An approach to preparing highly dispersed Ni2P/SiO2 catalyst." Catalysis Communications 11, no. 6 (2010): 571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2009.12.022.

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Liu, Shuling, Lefang Han, and Hui Liu. "Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic performance of PbS/Ni2P flowers." Applied Surface Science 387 (November 2016): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.06.123.

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Lee, Yong-Kul, and S. Ted Oyama. "Sulfur resistant nature of Ni2P catalyst in deep hydrodesulfurization." Applied Catalysis A: General 548 (November 2017): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2017.06.035.

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