Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nicaragua – History

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Nicaragua – History'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Nicaragua – History"

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Gismondi, Michael, and Jeremy Mouat. "“La Enojosa Cuestión de Emery”: The Emery Claim in Nicaragua and American Foreign Policy, C. 1880-1910." Americas 65, no. 3 (2009): 375–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.0.0075.

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This article will argue that a seemingly trivial dispute between the Nicaraguan government and an American lumber company operating on Nicaragua's Mosquito Coast escalated to become a major source of tension between the U.S. State Department and Nicaragua, as well as a catalyst that drew U.S. banks into Nicaragua. Despite its significance, the convoluted story of this dispute has attracted little scholarly attention. The importance of the Emery claim was widely acknowledged at the time, however. Stories about it appeared in contemporary newspapers and magazines, and it became a topic worthy of discussion by a U.S. Senate hearing. The claim was also connected to José Santos Zelaya's resignation as president of Nicaragua in the autumn of 1909, a gesture that came shortly after he had agreed to settle the Emery claim.
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Snyder, Emily. "“Cuba, Nicaragua, Unidas Vencerán”: Official Collaborations between the Sandinista and Cuban Revolutions." Americas 78, no. 4 (2021): 609–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2021.5.

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AbstractThe Cuban and Sandinista Revolutions stand together as Latin America's two socialist revolutions achieved through guerrilla insurgency in the latter half of the twentieth century. But beyond studies that demonstrate that Cuba militarily trained and supported the Sandinistas before, during, and after their guerrilla phase, and observations that the two countries were connected by the bonds of socialist revolution, the nature of Cuba and Nicaragua's revolutionary relationship remains little explored. This article traces exchanges of people and expertise between each revolutionary state's Ministry of Foreign Relations and Ministry of Culture. It employs diplomatic and institutional archives, personal collections, and oral interviews to demonstrate the deep involvement of Cuban experts in building the Sandinista state. Yet, Cuban advice may have exacerbated tensions within Nicaragua. This article also shows that tensions marked the day-to-day realities of Cubans and Nicaraguans tasked with carrying out collaborations, revealing their layered and often contradictory nature. Illuminating high-level policy in terms of Cuban-Nicaraguan exchanges and how they unfolded on the ground contributes to new international histories of the Sandinista and Cuban revolutions by shifting away from North-South perspectives to focus instead on how the Sandinistas navigated collaboration with their most important regional ally.
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Baker, Suzanne M., and Ruth Ann Armitage. "Cueva La Conga: First Karst Cave Archaeology in Nicaragua." Latin American Antiquity 24, no. 3 (2013): 309–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.24.3.309.

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Cueva la Conga, recorded in June 2006, is the first limestone cave in Nicaragua reported to contain prehistoric rock paintings, culturally modified natural formations called speleothems, and artifacts. Located in northcentral Nicaragua in the Department of Jinotega, Cueva la Conga is the farthest south on the Mesoamerican periphery that a cave of this type has been reported, and it extends our knowledge of ritual cave use, including cave painting and speleothem modification, to include Nicaragua. Radiocarbon analysis of charcoal in five samples of the paint, the first such dating of Nicaraguan rock art, yielded calibrated dates from cal A.D. 680—905 to cal A.D. 1403—1640. The baseline data provided by Cueva la Conga are of great importance for regional rock art analysis and for our growing understanding of regional and Nicaraguan prehistory. More archaeological survey and excavations in the area will be key in establishing a firm cultural context for the rock art and ritual cave use found at Cueva la Conga.
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Gould, Jeffrey L. "The Enchanted Burro, Bayonets and the Business of Making Sugar: State, Capital, and Labor Relations in the Ingenio San Antonio, 1912-1926." Americas 46, no. 2 (1989): 159–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007081.

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Since the 1920s, the San Antonio sugar mill in Chichigalpa, Nicaragua has been that country's largest manufacturing establishment. The ingenio (the sugar mill along with the plantation) employed close to 2,000 workers in 1920, and has since consistently employed far more workers than any other single enterprise. The owners of San Antonio were—and continue to be—the most economically powerful group within the Nicaraguan elite, In contemporary Nicaragua, the above affirmations remain valid: San Antonio is still the largest employer and economically most powerful financial group in the country.Any consideration of the development of Nicaraguan capitalism must take into account the history of the Ingenio San Antonio (ISA). In this article, I will examine the development of relations among labor, management, and the state in San Antonio from the 1890s until 1930 using archival and oral sources. Throughout this period, politics and economics were inseparable for the workers. Particularly after the U.S. Marines occupied Nicaragua in 1912 and bolstered the Conservative regime, the political Liberalism of the San Antonio workers was something of a popular revolutionary
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Millett, Richard L. "Nicaragua." Current History 89, no. 543 (1990): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1990.89.543.21.

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Snyder, Emily. "Internationalizing the Revolutionary Family." Radical History Review 2020, no. 136 (2020): 50–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-7857259.

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Abstract This article argues that Cuban ideas about gender, sexuality, and the family shaped Cuban internationalist collaboration with Nicaragua in the 1970s and 1980s. It demonstrates that collaboration sprang from a gendered political discourse, and in turn the dynamics of gendered relationships between Cubans and Nicaraguans affected the internationalist campaigns. First, the essay argues that state discourse expanded the idea of the New Man to include volunteering abroad, and cast female participants as moral agents of internationalism. Second, it analyzes the idea of revolutionary love and how it related to internationalism. Then, the article demonstrates how internationalism created transnational relationships. Finally, it examines the experiences of Nicaraguan students who went to boarding schools on the Isla de la Juventud. Throughout, the article centers the notion of family and shows how internationalist mobility created space for personal experiences, love within revolution, and new family dynamics.
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Moro, Diana. "Rubén Darío en el debate sobre la literatura nacional nicaragüense." (an)ecdótica 5, no. 1 (2021): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.anec.2021.5.1.19784.

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The debate on literature in Nicaragua, at various moments in the country’s history, is elaborated on the figure, aesthetics, and work of Rubén Darío. Not only the birth and death of the poet on vernacular soil are central aspects in the appropriation made, but above all, the international cultural capital built through his wandering life and cosmopolitanism in his work. The appropriation of his aesthetics, as well as the distancing and debates about his contribution, persist in various moments of Nicaraguan literary history. We will explore some interventions by Nicaraguan intellectuals who are members of the Avant-garde Group, above all, their subsequent critical review and the contribution that Ventana magazine made in the 1960s. Finally, it will be observed that during the revolutionary decade, 1979-1989, the figure of Darío concentrates, at least, two simultaneous appropriations, the “anti-imperialist” and the “half-blood”. Both perspectives coincide in the conviction that, in Nicaragua, there would be no literature without the magisterium of Darío.
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Huete-Pérez, Jorge A., Eduardo Mendoza-Ramírez, and Lucía Páiz-Medina. "Genomic Biorepository of Coastal Marine Species in Estero Padre Ramos and Estero Real, Nicaragua." Encuentro, no. 93 (December 10, 2012): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/encuentro.v0i93.908.

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Nicaragua, located in southern Mesoamerica between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, has acted as a land bridge for flora and fauna migrating between North and South America during the last 3 million years. Because of Nicaragua’s location and history, it is rich in terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. To study this biodiversity and preserve it for the future, Nicaragua’s Molecular Biology Center at the University of Central America (CBM-UCA) created the Genomic Biorepository Project. The Project collects and catalogs coastal marine biodiversity in the Estero Real and Padre Ramos estuaries, located in Nicaragua’s northern Pacific region.The biorepository holds more than three thousand tissue and genomic specimens, comprising 1,049 samples (714 specimens from Estero Padre Ramos and 335 from Estero Real) belonging to 100 species and 54 families, genomic extracts in triplicates for every sample collected and environmental sandy sediments representing 60 different sites. Changes in the biological composition of the region were documentedas compared to previous sampling. Of the 1,049 samples obtained from the two estuaries, 30 new residents were recorded in Estero Real, and 19 in Estero Padre Ramos. The Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene was sequenced for a number of species, including 19 fish species, and published to public databases (BOLD SYSTEMS). The records contained in the genomic biorepository here described lay the foundation for the most complete marine biodiversity database in Nicaragua and is made available to national and international specialists, facilitating knowledge of Nicaraguan biodiversity.
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Colburn, Forrest D. "Embattled Nicaragua." Current History 86, no. 524 (1987): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1987.86.524.405.

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RocaMartinez, Silvia. "“¿Qué sos, Nicaragua, para dolerme tanto?” Gioconda Belli and the Nicaraguan Cause”." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 2, no. 3 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v2i3.703.

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This article traces Gioconda Belli’s trajectory as a writer, feminist, and political activist. Belli, who is known as one of the organic intellectuals of the Nicaraguan Sandinista Revolution, has consistently used her platform as one of the most renowned contemporary Latin American writers to provide a voice that transcends national borders to the Nicaraguan cause since the early 1970s. Through the analysis of some of her most notable works, some of her contributions in the national and international press, as well as social media publications, we examine the way her many roles have informed each other over the years and accomplished a two-fold goal: on the one hand, she has documented and theorized on the recent history of Nicaragua, in addition to keeping those in power in check; on the other hand, she has become one of the foremothers of Nicaraguan feminism. As this article shows, not only has she crafted—both in writing and action— a roadmap for younger generations of women, but she has also documented and influenced the evolution of feminism in Nicaragua.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nicaragua – History"

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Underwood, Jan. "Revolution, connectedness and kinwork : women's poetry in Nicaragua." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61970.

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Schott, Cory L. "Frontiers and Fandangos: Reforming Colonial Nicaragua." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333351.

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New ideas about trade, society, and the nature of government pulsed throughout the Atlantic World during the eighteenth century. This dissertation explores the relationship between political reforms and life along a colonial frontier. To do so, this project analyzes the effects of new laws imposed by the Spanish monarchy in Central America during the eighteenth century. The policies implemented during this time offered unequal prospects to social groups (e.g., Indians, merchants, soldiers, and farmers), state and non-state institutions (e.g., the Church, town councils, merchant guilds, and regional governments), and individuals to reconfigure traditional local power arrangements. This process, however, produced new conflicts between individuals, communities, and institutions as they attempted to expand and defend their traditional roles in society. I argue Nicaragua's relative isolation from the rest of the Spanish world allowed for the already complex and unwieldy process to become even more difficult. Thus, the majority of the reforms introduced over the eighteenth century remained poorly implemented. Even in areas where royal officials achieved noticeable progress and success, such as the creation of a tobacco monopoly, the new legal regime created new, often unforeseen, problems. In the first part of my dissertation, I examine how vague (and sometimes contradictory) decrees from Spain provided opportunities for new expressions of local power. In the first chapter, I examine the effect that new laws limiting the power of the Church had on local officials and members of the clergy. For example, new ordinance concerning the regulation of private gatherings and dances provoked a major conflict between two pillars of local rule: the bishop and the governor. In the second chapter, I analyze how new laws and decrees contributed to the expansion of an already flourishing black market. New economic ideas, such as ones that established royal monopolies, led to a significant increase in the remittances sent to Spain from Central America; however these same economic policies also eroded local economies and pushed some individuals to participate in illicit trade. The second half of this study analyzes the colonial experiences of indigenous peoples in two very different areas of Central America. In the third chapter, I examine western Nicaragua, where Spanish rule was its strongest and indigenous communities struggled to defend themselves from increasingly onerous demands for labor and tribute. In the fourth chapter, I shift the view to eastern and central Nicaragua and Honduras, where Spain's presence was tenuous or non-existent. There, local indigenous groups capitalized on Spanish fears of a British presence in eastern Central America to extract major concessions and preserve their autonomy while individuals sold their services to the competing empires. This dissertation draws on extensive work with sources, many hitherto untapped, at archives in Spain, Guatemala, the United States, and Nicaragua to demonstrate that residents of Spanish Central America—Spanish, American born Spaniards, natives, mulattos, and mestizos alike—contributed to new understandings of imperial goals that proved that some reforms could be flexible and amendable to local conditions. The legal battles, Church records, military reports, and pleas to the king also highlight shifting ideas about the political, economic, and social organization of society. Beyond its contribution to the limited studies that focus on Nicaragua during the colonial period, my dissertation adds to the broader, comparative fields of colonial studies, economic history, the study of borderlands and frontiers, and the Atlantic World.
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Dugal, Zoe. "The illegitimacy of the state and the revolution in Nicaragua /." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32907.

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The focus of this paper will be revolutions as a Third World phenomena. It will try to analyse what are the conditions and challenges faced by Third World states; and what are the functions that those states perform, or fail to perform. In other words, what are the conditions likely to lead to a revolution within Third World nation-states?<br>Of course, every Third World state possesses its particular circumstances and, therefore, different factors will influence the occurrence of a revolution in each case. It would be presumptuous of me to attempt to address all of these issues which have been raised. My task is indeed more modest. Since it is very unlikely to elaborate a single theory that will fit all cases, this paper will rather consider a theoretical framework and assess its applicability and its explanatory potential of one Third World revolution, the Nicaraguan revolution.<br>What this paper will also do is to examine what happens when a successful revolution has taken place. How is the new regime constructed? How is the power of the revolutionary government employed? Can we assess the relative success of a revolution?<br>The use of a single case study, Nicaragua, can be explained by the richness of this particular example. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Velázquez, José Luis. "Nicaragua: Outcomes of revolution, 1979-1990." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298766.

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In Marxist and Dependence theories, revolution has been prescribed as a panacea for developing countries' social evils. However, there is little work dedicated to evaluation of the results of those events that permit the validation of theory. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation is to assess the outcomes of the Nicaraguan Revolution (1979-1990) and test this assumption. The assessment was made according to Edward Muller's theoretical framework. It is centered in the idea that revolutions destroy social capital. Their successes depend on the skill of revolutionary leadership in distinguishing obsolete from other forms of valuable social capital. The latter has to be fostered as the base of the revolution's future development. The indicators used were: (1) The extent at which the revolutionary leadership keeps its promises and delivers public goods; (2) The evaluation of power, strength, and centralization of the revolutionary state vs. the ancient regime; (3) The performance of the revolutionary economy; (4) The extension of the policies of land distribution, and; (5) The effects of the revolutionary policies in income distribution, inequality, and the creation of new opportunities for the citizenry. The conclusions were: (1) The Sandinista leadership did not deliver the promises of mixed economy, political pluralism and on alignment; (2) The revolutionary state was: strongest, more centralized and powerful than the Somoza regime; (3) The economic performance was poor, and unable to meet the needs of the people; (4) The policies of land reform were effective in distributing land, but failed in the creation of a new social class of farmers. It became a counterinsurgency land reform directed to create an available political clientele for the ruling party; (5) The contradiction between macroeconomics and distributive microeconomics policies, canceled out the effect of the latter, inducing a process of income concentration; (6) The insertion of the Nicaraguan crisis in the East-West confrontation accentuated dependence; (7) The empirical evidence supports Moller and Weede's theoretical assertion (1995) in the sense that the Sandinista leadership was not able to discriminate between obsolete social capital from valuable social capital, that existed embedded in pre-revolutionary institutional structure. Its attempt to subordinate civil society and substitute it with a spurious civil society ended with the destruction of valuable social capital needed for growth and development.
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Mande, Anupama. "Subaltern perspectives on a revolutionary state : the Sandinista-Miskitu conflict in Nicaragua, 1979-1990 /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488191667182051.

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Sweeney, Patrick N. "William Walker in Nicaragua : a critical review in light of dependency literature : a Master of Arts thesis /." Digital Commons @ Butler University, 1986. http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/grtheses/41.

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William Walker's expedition should be a fertile source of examples of such incipient dependency. This is because that expedition was grounded in the political desires of Manifest Destiny and the pragmatic economics of a cross-isthmus connection between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans during the crucial years just before the U.S. Civil war. Walker's actions caused a war in Central America, brought the United States and England to the brink of war, effected a significant economic relationship, and influenced diplomatic relations between Nicaragua and the U.S. for years afterward. Because of these various actions and reactions, this episode in inter-American relations provides instances of many of the basic elements of the putative dependency relationships alluded to above. There were governments seeking economic advantage, businessmen seeking profitable investments, trade treaties negotiated, and military force used. It was a brief and intense period when economic interests were ultimately controlled by policy decisions.
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Riley, Keith. ""I Have My Mind!:" U.S.-Sandinista Solidarities, Revolutionary Romanticism, and the Imagined Nicaragua, 1979-1990." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/386879.

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History<br>M.A.<br>This paper examines activists in the United States that supported the socialist Nicaraguan government of the Sandinista National Liberation Front and opposed efforts by the Reagan Administration to militarily undermine Nicaragua’s new government during the 1980s. Such scholarship examines the rise of a leftist political coalition organized around supporting Nicaragua’s government and this solidarity movement’s eventual demise after the Sandinistas lost their country’s 1990 Presidential election. The work ultimately asks how did U.S. leftists and progressives of the late 1970s and 1980s perceive Nicaragua’s new government and how did these perceptions affect the ways in which these activists rallied to support the Sandinistas in the face of the Contra War? In answering this question, this paper consults a variety of primary sources including articles from socialist newspapers, the meeting minutes and notes of solidarity organizations, and oral histories with former activists. “I Have My Mind!” also consults cultural sources such as the protest and art benefit flyers and the lyrics to punk rock songs of the period to make its claims. This Masters Thesis argues that U.S. Americans’ solidarity with the Sandinistas relied upon a romanticization of Nicaraguan revolutionary reforms representative of movement participants’ own political aspirations.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Espinoza, Torrez Eliana Maria. "La Rivoluzione in Nicaragua: il ruolo delle donne Sandiniste." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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The Nicaraguan Revolution was a decades-long process meant to liberate the small Central American country from both U.S. imperialism and the repressive Somoza dictatorship. The massive participation of women in the this revolution was unprecedented in the history of the Western hemisphere, but the official history of the country has little focused on experiences and contribute of these women, that fought and collaborated in the revolution. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse women’s actively participation in the guerrilla’s movement and during the revolution. Based on the film-documentary “Las Sandinistas” a qualitative research was conducted, in order to describe the most relevant social-political events presented in the film and how women’s participation in the revolution led them to overcoming barriers as to lead combat and social reforms.
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Arguello, Vargas Tatiana. "Culture and Arts in Post Revolutionary Nicaragua: The Chamorro Years (1990-1996)." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1281638909.

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Ellersick, Linda J. "Expanding Fair Trade to Garment Production in Ciudad Sandino, Nicaragua." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1236817596.

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Books on the topic "Nicaragua – History"

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Herrera, Carmen Collado. Nicaragua. Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora, 1989.

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Tellez, Rolando Ernesto. History of Nicaragua: Historia de Nicaragua (edición bilingüe). International Güegüense Books, 2014.

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Staten, Clifford L. The history of Nicaragua. Greenwood, 2010.

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Catholic Institute for International Relations., ed. Nicaragua. CIIR, 1987.

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Lacayo, Rossana. Granada, Nicaragua. Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional, 1998.

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Rius. Compa Nicaragua. Posada, 1990.

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Argüello, Héctor Sánchez. Perfil de Nicaragua. Ediciones Liebre y/o H. Sánchez Argüello, 1988.

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Ramírez, Sergio. Estás en Nicaragua. Joan Boldó i Climent, 1987.

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León, Orlando Oramas. Corresponsal en Nicaragua. Editora Política, 1989.

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G, Emilio Gutiérrez. Segovia de Nicaragua. Banco Central de Nicaragua, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nicaragua – History"

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Castillo, P. "Biological control in Nicaragua." In Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future. CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242430.0336.

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Quesada, James. "A Brief History of Violence in Nicaragua." In Higher Education, State Repression, and Neoliberal Reform in Nicaragua. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003198925-14.

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Schulman, Sarah. "Adrienne rich transformed by nicaraguan visit." In My American History. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315121765-15.

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González-Rivera, Victoria. "Writing Western Nicaragua's LGBTQ+ History." In Feminisms in Movement. transcript Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839461020-014.

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Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. "Nicaragua." In The Cambridge History of Latin America. Cambridge University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521395250.105.

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Janz, Denis R. "Nicaragua." In World Christianity and Marxism. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195119442.003.0007.

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Abstract When one thinks of the worldwide encounter between Christianity and Marxism in our century, the first image that generally comes to mind is that of a collision. The case of Nicaragua, however, is different. Here the meeting can more accurately be described as an embrace that gave birth to a distinctly new, though perhaps short-lived, social reality. Here significant numbers of people came to understand themselves as “Christian Marxists” and helped to bring about a revolution that marked a turning point in Nicaragua’s history.
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White, Russell. "History of the Canal." In The Nicaragua Grand Canal. Practical Action Publishing Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781909014121.002.

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Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. "Nicaragua since 1930." In The Cambridge History of Latin America. Cambridge University Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521245180.008.

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Schmidli, William Michael. "From the Cold War to the End of History." In Freedom on the Offensive. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501765148.003.0008.

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This chapter expounds on denouement in US–Nicaraguan Cold War relations. The administration of George H. W. Bush sought to maintain US pressure on Nicaragua without Ronald Reagan's incendiary and divisive rhetoric. The interventionism defining Reagan's approach to democracy promotion remained a potent element in Bush's foreign policy. The chapter considers the work of secretary of state James A. Baker III in shifting the focus from the Contras to the 1990 Nicaraguan elections while also highlighting the power of democratic initiative. It cites how the White House won bipartisan support in its effort to maintain the Contra threat and US economic pressure as well as provide an infusion of funds for the electoral opposition.
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Wells, Allen. "Something New in American History." In Latin America's Democratic Crusade. Yale University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300264401.003.0007.

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Extended U.S. military interventions in the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Nicaragua and boots on the ground for shorter stints in Cuba, Panama, Puerto Rico, Honduras, and Mexico during the first decades of the century galvanized opposition at home and abroad. Successive Democratic and Republican administrations gave military commanders like Somoza, Trujillo and Batista the wherewithal to eliminate rivals and consolidate their rule. By the late 1920s, so-called peace progressives in the U.S. Congress and their allies in the media, the labor movement, academia, and women’s organizations, emboldened by growing global opposition to the lingering Nicaraguan and Haitian interventions, raised their collective voices in protest. Although their disapproval was always more about the means than the ends, the peace progressives’ campaign dovetailed with growing domestic weariness and skepticism about the moral and material costs of intervention.
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Conference papers on the topic "Nicaragua – History"

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Frieman, Ben, Bradley Squires, Thomas Monecke, and Frank Powell. "UNRAVELING THE STRUCTURAL HISTORY OF OROGENIC GOLD DEPOSITS IN THE CORONA DE ORO GOLD BELT, NORTHWESTERN NICARAGUA." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-383511.

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Polovyan, Aleksey Vladimirovich, and Elena Olegovna Kravets. "INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AS A NEW FACTOR IN INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT: THE HISTORY OF ITS FORMATION." In Themed collection of papers from II Foreign International Scientific Conference «Science in the Era of Challenges and Global Changes» by HNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP (Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua). December 2023. – San Cristóbal (Venezuela). Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/231221.2023.34.11.004.

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The article presents the history of economic development and industrial development. It has been established at which stage of industrial development information technologies began to have a special impact. The reasons under the influence of which the change of the central factor of production was carried out have been established.
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Farkova, Natalia Anatolyevna. "PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IN RUSSIA." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign International Scientific Conference « Science in the Era of Challenges and Global Changes» Ьу НNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP (Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua). Мау 2023. - Caracas (Venezuela). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230527.2023.19.62.028.

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The problems of economic growth remain relevant for all countries of the world without exception, while the goal of improving the socio-economic sphere of society is not in economic growth, but in sustainable economic development. The history of the development of the concepts of economic development and economic growth is briefly given. The problems of economic development of modern Russia are outlined.
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Popkova, Ekaterina Anatolyevna, and Maria Vyacheslavovna Popkova. "JUVENILE JUSTICE: A BIAS TOWARDS CHILDREN’S RIGHTS." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign International Scientific Conference «Modern research on the way to a new scientific revolution». Part 1. by HNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP (Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua). November 2023. – Varadero (Cuba). Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/231128.2023.37.32.003.

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This article discusses the role and place of the institute of juvenile justice in the law systems, traces the origin and historical development of the institute of juvenile justice. The paper also goes into the history of this institution and reveals some factors leading to the activities of juvenile justice.
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Fekir, Kahina. "STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign International Scientific Conference «Trends in the development of science and Global challenges» Ьу НNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP. April 2023. - Managua (Nicaragua). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230415.2023.78.88.017.

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The history and prospects for the development of railway transport in the Republic of Algeria is provided. For more than 100 years, the railways of Algeria were built by French occupation forces, starting in 1857 when the first 1357 kilometers of standard network lines were constructed. Currently, railway construction continues by Algerian companies, and the length of railway lines in Algeria is approximately 4600 kilometers. At the level of goals, Algerian railways, after gaining independence in 1962, moved from the logic of exploiting natural resources to the logic of the state strategy for the development of railway transport infrastructure, and currently the strategy focuses on integration into the modern production and marketing chain.
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Chramov, Dmitriy Sergeevich, Aleksey Borisovich Bakyrinskich, Aleksandr Michaylovich Yakyshev, and Angelika Ragipovna Ten. "DOWN SYNDROME IN THE FETUS." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign International Scientific Conference «Modern research on the way to a new scientific revolution». Part 2. by HNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP (Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua). November 2023. – Varadero (Cuba). Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/231128.2023.61.58.029.

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Down syndrome (DS) is a common genetic anomaly in the fetus, in which a trisomy of chromosome 21 is observed in the karyotype. In women diagnosed with Down's syndrome in the fetus, pregnancy was complicated by the development of gestational diabetes mellitus, premature or early rupture of amniotic fluid. Provides information about the problem of DS, its history. The main etiological factors predisposing to the development of Down syndrome are highlighted.
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Shishkov, Valery Vitalievich, Inna Anatolevna Sushko, and Anna Vladimirovna Bezrukova. "EL CONCEPTO DE LA OCTADIMENSIONALIDAD DE LO MENTAL. PARTE 1. HISTORIA DE LA CREACIÓN DEL CONCEPTO Y SUS POSTULADOS BÁSICOS." In Themed collection of papers from II Foreign International Scientific Conference «Science in the Era of Challenges and Global Changes» by HNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP (Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua). December 2023. – San Cristóbal (Venezuela). Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/231221.2023.39.22.011.

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Reports on the topic "Nicaragua – History"

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Ramírez Rodríguez, Santiago. Violence and Crime in Nicaragua: A Country Profile. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006969.

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The Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) conducted an evaluation of a cluster of citizen security projects. The main objective was to identify what factors explained the implementation performance of the projects, and what lessons could be learned from these experiences. This Background Paper presents the results of one of these diagnostics for Nicaragua. Following the introduction, the country profile begins with an overview of the Nicaraguan context in terms of geography, demographics, economy, as well as recent political history (section II). It then builds a diagnostic that covers different forms of violence and crime (section III) as well as main risk and protective factors (section IV), based on available statistics and specialized international and local literature. In section V, the paper reviews the strategy adopted by the Government throughout the last decade to respond to main forms of violence and crime, it describes the budget allocation to citizen security over recent years. Finally, section VI presents the IDB citizen security project part of the comparative evaluation, and summarizes various exercises that OVE undertook to provide additional background information and analysis.
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Campion, Anita, Mark D. Wenner, and Jeremy Coon. Financing Agricultural Value Chains in Central America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008552.

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Agricultural value chain financing (VCF) is an emerging phenomenon in the region but it is not well studied. Historically, small- and medium-sized famers experience problems accessing formal finance. Participation in a well-structured and dynamic supply chain seems to improve chances of obtaining financing, either directly from larger more liquid agents in the same chain or indirectly from external formal lenders based on the type of relationships and degrees of connectedness in the chain (advance sale contracts, technical assistance agreements, length of transaction history, etc.). Four value chains were studied in Nicaragua (diary and plantains) and Honduras (plantains and horticulture, sweet peppers and tomatoes specifically) to discover how and under what terms and conditions financing was being provided and to understand the challenges in expanding the use of this type of financing. The main findings are (i) VCF is occurring in Nicaragua and Honduras, but it is mostly indirect; (ii) the specific instruments used to support VCF are simple¿lead firm vouching for and even providing guarantees for smaller actors, relying on donor financed guarantee funds, and buyer/exporter finance; (iii) creditor rights are weak in both countries; (iv) financial institutions that are participating in VCF are not lowering interest rates despite fewer risks faced; (v) the legacy of inappropriate government interventions, namely debt forgiveness programs, and generally weak support services for producers dampens the enthusiasm of formal financial intermediaries to expand agricultural lending; and (vi) high quality technical assistance is serving as an accelerant and facilitating VCF, but it is donor financed and it is important to find ways to sustain this intervention over time.
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Parraguez, Marisela, and Pedro Sáenz-Arce. Lecciones aprendidas en la evaluación de proyectos de innovación. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010143.

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Este estudio describe buenas prácticas para evaluar solicitudes de financiamiento dentro de los proyectos de innovación tecnológica que el BID apoya en varios países de América Latina. En particular, este trabajo compara la experiencia de Chile y Nicaragua. Específicamente, se encuentra que existe un conjunto de herramientas establecidas para la evaluación ex-ante de los proyectos de innovación que son aplicables en países que desean utilizar incentivos privados cuando existen fallas de mercado. La experiencia acumulada hasta ahora muestra que existen fondos de innovación con definiciones claras de los criterios de elegibilidad y de evaluación para minimizar los riesgos de colocar recursos en iniciativas que son inviables en un sentido privado o social. Este documento propone criterios de elegibilidad y de evaluación que pueden considerarse como buenas prácticas. Especialmente, discute los aspectos que deben observarse en países con muy poca historia en invenciones, innovaciones tecnológicas o producción científica.
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Affordable Homes and Mortgages for Nicaraguans. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006000.

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Low-income and self-employed Nicaraguans face two serious obstacles when looking to buy a home: a shortage of affordable housing, and difficulty in obtaining a mortgage.An innovative model is bringing both homeownership and financing within reach of Nicaraguans at the base of the pyramid. The Rent-to-Own Housing Program allows prospective buyers to rent the newly built housing unit they'd like to buy, and to use their track record of monthly rent payments to build a formal credit history and qualify for a mortgage. The Inter-American Development Bank's Opportunities for the Majority Initiative (OMJ) is offering a senior secured loan for up to $5 million to Banco de Finanzas S.A (BDF) Nicaragua to support the pilot rental and mortgage loan program. If successful, IDB will lend another $5 million to scale up the model.
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Afro-descendant Peoples’ Territories in Biodiversity Hotspots across Latin America and the Caribbean: Barriers to Inclusion in Conservation Policies. Rights and Resources Initiative, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/ftmk5991.

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Afro-descendant Peoples are an integral part of the history and the economic, political, and social processes of nation-building and development in Latin America and the Caribbean. In fact, national censuses estimate that 21 percent of the region’s total population—just over 134 million people—are Afro-descendants. Yet, despite significant legislative progress at the international and national levels recognizing cultural and ethnic diversity and the rights of Afro-descendant Peoples, social and economic conditions are still drastically unequal and there are large information and recognition gaps that affect their rights. This study seeks to raise awareness of the territorial presence of Afro-descendant Peoples in 16 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean*. The aim is to progressively identify the presence, titled and untitled lands, and territories of Afro-descendant Peoples and to advocate for the recognition of their collective tenure rights. Although Afro-descendant Peoples in the region have been fighting for a place in international climate and conservation debates, not having defined boundaries for their ancestral lands has been an obstacle to adequately establishing how important their territories are for protecting biodiversity and dealing with complex challenges such as ecosystem degradation, loss of food systems, and other environmental problems. *The 16 countries studied are: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.
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Territorialidad de Pueblos Afrodescendientes de América Latina y el Caribe en hotspots de biodiversidad: Desafíos para su integración en políticas de conservación. Rights and Resources Initiative, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/begv3447.

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Los Pueblos Afrodescendientes son parte integrante de la historia y de los procesos económicos, políticos y sociales de construcción nacional y desarrollo de América Latina y el Caribe. De hecho, los censos nacionales estiman que el 21% de la población total de la región—algo más de 134 millones de personas—son Afrodescendientes. Sin embargo, a pesar de los importantes avances legislativos a nivel internacional y nacional que reconocen la diversidad cultural y étnica y los derechos de los Pueblos Afrodescendientes, las condiciones sociales y económicas siguen siendo drásticamente desiguales y existen grandes brechas de información y reconocimiento que afectan a sus derechos. Este estudio busca dar a conocer la presencia territorial de los Pueblos Afrodescendientes en 16 países de América Latina y el Caribe.* El objetivo fue identificar progresivamente la presencia, tierras tituladas y no tituladas, y territorios de los Pueblos Afrodescendientes y abogar por el reconocimiento de sus derechos colectivos de tenencia. Aunque los Pueblos Afrodescendientes de la región han estado luchando por un lugar en los debates internacionales sobre el clima y la conservación, el hecho de no tener definidos los límites de sus tierras ancestrales ha sido un obstáculo para establecer adecuadamente la importancia de sus territorios para proteger la biodiversidad y hacer frente a retos complejos como la degradación de los ecosistemas, la pérdida de los sistemas alimentarios y otros problemas medioambientales. *Los 16 países estudiados son: Belice, Brasil, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, Surinam y Venezuela.
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