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1
Underwood, Jan. "Revolution, connectedness and kinwork : women's poetry in Nicaragua." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61970.
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Fortier, Francois Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "Hegemonie au Nicaragua post-insurrectionnel." Ottawa, 1988.
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Mande, Anupama Gopal. "The Somoza regime : internal dynamics of Nicaraguan politics, 1933-79." Connect to resource, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1144435925.
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Gorin, Franck. "Archéologie de Chontales, Nicaragua." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010503.
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Entre 1984 et 1988, des campagnes de reconnaissance et de fouille dans la moitie occidentale du departement de chontales, au nicaragua, ont permis d'etablir une sequence chronologique d'occupation de six phases: mayales 1 (500-200 av. J. -c. ), mayales 2 (200 av. 400 ap. J. -c. ), cuisala (400-800 ap. J. -c. ), potrero (800-1200 ap. J. -c. ), monota (1200-1550 ap. J. -c. ) et cuapa (1400-1600 ap. J. -c. ). Les quatre premieres phases correspondent a une occupation par unepopulaton anonyme; la phase monota est caracterisee par l'installation d'indiens nicarao, et la phase cuapa par celle d'indiens chontales, d'apres les donnees concordantes de l'archeologie, de l'ethnohistoire, de la linguistique et de la toponymie. Les vestiges archeologiques plus particulierement etudies par l'auteur sont la ceramiques, les parures et les sepulturesBetween 1984 and 1988, various archaeological surveys and excavations in the western part of the department of chontales, nicaragua, permitted to establish an archaeological sequence of six phases : mayales 1 (500-200 b. C. ), mayales 2 (200 b. C. - a. D. 400), cuisala (a. D. 400-800), potrero (a. D. 800-1200), monota (a. D. 1200- 1550) a,d cuapa (a. D. 1400-1600). The first four phases correspond to the presence of an anonymous population; the monota phase is caracterized by the arrival of nicarao indians, and the cuapa phase by the intrusion of chontales indians, according to the archaeological, ethnohistorical, linguistical and toponymical data. The archaeological artifacts most concerned by this study are the ceramics, ornaments and burials
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Nieto, Vernersson Wendy. "Nicaragua : En politisk resa." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96118.
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Ryan, Phil (Philip Alexander) Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "The fall and rise of the market: political economy in Sandinista Nicaragua." Ottawa, 1992.
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Hedström, Annelie. "Prevalensen av presbyopi i Nicaragua." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-2310.
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Syfte - Syftet med denna studie var att ta reda på hur prevalensen av presbyopi ser ut i Nicaragua under en resa med den ideella organisationen Vision For All.
Metod och material - För att få svar på frågeställningen utfördes en studie i Nicaragua där additionsbehovet och ackommodationsvidden undersöktes. Behovet av addition undersöktes hos alla som hade besvär på nära håll med hjälp av provbåge och provglaslåda. För att ta reda på ackommodationsvidden användes en linjal med en bild innehållande små detaljer och fina linjer. Linjalen fördes närmare patienten tills denne upplevde att bilden ej längre var tydlig.
Resultat - De flesta som undersöktes var inom åldersgruppen 41-60 år. Den addition som ordinerades mest frekvent var +2,50 till +2,75 dioptrier. Det var även många under 40 år som fick läsglasögon på grund av problem med synen på nära håll.
Diskussion - Jämfört med andra länder, som till exempel USA och Sverige, blir invånarna i Nicaragua presbyopa vid en lägre ålder. Den troligaste anledningen till detta är klimatet. Det har upptäckts att i länder närmare ekvatorn som har ett varmare klimat förändras strukturen av linsens proteiner snabbare. Detta leder till minskad ackommodationsvidd och en tidigare presbyopidebut.
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Svensson, Marcus. "Förekomsten av refraktionsfel i Nicaragua." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12431.
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Syfte: Att undersöka förekomsten av refraktionsfel i Nicaragua och jämföra resultatet emot övriga världen för att avgöra om det är någon skillnad. Metod: Studien utfördes från den 26 mars till den 9 april. Tre städer besöktes i Nicaragua och i dessa städer fick patienterna själva uppsöka undersökningslokalerna för att få en synundersökning. Undersökningsmetoden har varit enkel, utrustningen som har använts har varit provbåge, provlåda, plusflipprar och synprövningstavla med Snellen E som har varit uppsatt på fem meters avstånd. Resultat: Totalt så har 1021 patienter ingått i denna studie. Varav 23,1 % var hyperopa. Hyperopi har definierats som +0,50 och större. Myopin i denna studie var 6,9 % och klassificerades som -0,50 eller större. Presbyopi har även den redovisats och totalt sett var det 845 patienter som hade någon form av presbyopi. Slutsats: Slutsatsen av denna studie visar att hyperopin i Nicaragua var betydligt mycket vanligare än i övriga studier som har gjorts i världen. Denna studie visade också att myopi förekom i mycket mindre utsträckning än i övriga studier. Både genetiska- och miljöfaktorer, så som mycket närarbete, kan spela en roll i skillnaden mellan länderna.
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Rodríguez, Rosaura. "Littérature et identité au Nicaragua." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030185.
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Notre etude tend a identifier, au travers de la litterature nicaraguayenne, "le noyau identitaire", matrice generatrice de l'identite nationale, concue comme un processus historiquement constitue. C'est par une mise en relation de l'histoire et de la litterature que nous avons montre que le discours historique est sous-jacent au discours litterai que l'incorporation de l'histoire a l'oeuvre narrative est inevitable car tout langage est histoire. L'esprit de notre travail a consister a mettre en evidence et a etablir la consistance ou bien la fragilite d'une serie de signes et de marques significatifs sur le plan de la differenciation, extraits de la litterature nicaraguayenne, et q nous ont permis d'attribuer a cette derniere la capacite de devoiler les grilles du codage de l'identite nationale. Nous avons ainsi pu deceler des oeuvres cles qui correspondent a des etapes importantes dans la formation de l'identite nationale nicaraguayenne. Le choix de ces oeuvres a ete conduit selon le principe de mise en evidence de la specificite de la singularite d'une litterature ainsi que de la double responsabilite qu'elle revendique, sous l'aspect d'une creativite originale et d'un engagement historique. La necessite du developpement d'une philosophie latinoamericaine et l'urgence de la conceptualisation de l'etre national trouvent une premiere formulation au nicaragua dans l'oeuvre de pablo antonio cuadra, el nicaraguense, qui coincide precisement avec cette inquietude. La litterature latino-americaine de ces dernieres decennies a entrepris la recherche des veritables origines de l'etre national. L'interrogation sur la nationalite produit, chez la plupart des ecrivains, un interet pour l'histoire nationale qu'ils tentent de recuperer comme source de leur propre identite. La litterature nicaraguayenne a participe en profondeur a la formation de l'identite nationale, ce concept en devenir sur lequel l'imagination creatrice tente sans cesse d'anticiperOur study seeks to identity through nicaraguan literature, the core identity, the generatory matrix of national identity, conceived as a historically constituted process. By putting in relation history and litterature, we have shown that historical discourse underlies literary discourse and that incorporation of history in narrative work is unsuitable because all language is history. The spirit of our work consists in highlighting and establishing the consistence or even the fragility, of a series of significant signs on the level of differentiation taken from nicaraguan literature and which have allowed us to attribute to it that is to say the ability to unveil the framework of codes of national identity. Thus we have been able to isolate key woks which correspond to important stages in the creation of nicaraguan national identity. The choice of these works was made on the basis of the principle of emphasizing the specificity and the singularity as well as the joint reponsability that it claims from the point of view of original creativity and historical commitment. The need to develop a latin-american philosophy and the concept of a national being are formulated for the first time in nicaragua in the work of pablo antonio cuadra el nicaraguense, which coincides precisely with this preoccupation. Latin-americain literature of the past few decades has under taken the research for the true origins of the national being. This reflection on nationality has produced with the majority of writers an interest for national history, which they attempt to retrieve as the source of their oun identity. Nicaraguan literature has profoundly contributed to the creation of national identity. This concept still in the process of development, and on wich the creative imagination incessantly tries to anticipate
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Bárcenas, Reyes Alberto. "Arbeitsschutz in Nicaragua Ansätze zur Verbesserung des Arbeitsschutzes in Nicaragua unter Berücksichtigung des deutschen Arbeitsschutzsystems /." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2002. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970323379.
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Borgeaud, Garciandía Natacha. "Les sujets du labeur : travail à l'usine, travail de soi et subjectivité des ouvrières et ouvriers des maquilas du Nicaragua." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010538.
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Le régime sandiniste écarté du pouvoir (1990), le Nicaragua ouvre son économie à la libéralisation et accueille des maquilas textiles à la recherche de législations favorables et d'une main d'œuvre bon marché. L'installation de ces usines nous permet, à travers les récits ouvriers, de suivre une forme de mise au travail liée au marché mondialisé, dont la légitimité repose sur la création d'emplois doublée de l'absence de choix pour des milliers d'ouvriers vivant au quotidien dans l'insécurité du lendemain. Pour saisir les rapports entre ces ouvriers et leur travail et interpréter cette forme de mise au travail, il fallut emichir l'analyse sociologique centrée sur le travail par des méthodes biographiques, et mobiliser la notion de subjectivité pour proposer une analyse par la construction de figures ouvrières. Celles-ci nous amènent finalement à aborder les formes d'assujettissement et la constitution de sujets qui cherchent à se protéger de l'envahissement par la domination
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Bracegirdle, Peter. "The utility of a pre-developed conceptual framework for learning about national human resources development needs : the case of Nicaragua." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26723.
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The thesis examines the utility of a pre-developed conceptual framework for learning about the human resource development (HRD) needs in a national context. The literature review focuses on knowledge-building within the main development theories and paradigms, two mainstream approaches to building knowledge about HRD and education sectors in developing countries, namely the systems approach and the strategic approach, and the role of the researcher and expert-sources of data in the knowledge-building process in research related to HRD and educational policy. The methodology involved carrying out a case study on HRD in Nicaragua using a conceptual framework, and then studying its role in the process of learning about the subject. The data for the study of the learning process were generated through self-reflection in journal writing, textual analysis of the HRD case study, and common-sense. The conclusions are that (1) a researcher cannot know with certainty about the quality of his or her knowledge of the subject in conducting this type of research, (2) a conceptual framework can absorb the complexity of the process and make a researcher sound more authoritative than he or she might actually be about the subject, (3) researchers tend not to deal adequately with this lack of certainty and complexity in their discussions on the limitations of their work, (4) the sources of data directly affect the quality of learning, (5) a conceptual framework brings greater efficiency to the research act, (6) a conceptual framework reduces distortion and allows better communication between the research and the human sources of data, and (7) a conceptual framework adds greater value to the process of managing the research act than it does to learning about the subject.
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Bolanos, Ortega Maria de Fatima. "Leitlinien für die Planung einer Strategie zur Mechanisierung der Landwirtschaft am Beispiel der Süd-Pazifik-Region Nicaraguas /." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009143757&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Hardy, Sébastien. "Processus de fragmentation urbaine et risques dits "naturels" dans la ville de Managua (Nicaragua)." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011930.
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La notion de ville fragmentée, utilisée dans sa version descriptive pour qualifier les métropoles latino-américaines, convient aux territoires urbains de Managua. Ceux-ci se caractérisent par la juxtaposition d'espaces urbains circonscrits, séparés les uns des autres par de vastes terrains vagues arborés. Les Managuas expliquent cette discontinuité de l'urbanisation et de ses logiques par le séisme du 23 décembre 1972, qui a détruit une grande partie de la capitale nicaraguayenne. Si cet événement a joué un indéniable rôle d'accélérateur, d'autres témoignages indiquent que tous les endommagements, variés et récurrents, qui affectent Managua, contribuent depuis longtemps à ce processus, sans toutefois en être l'unique moteur. S'ensuit-il une accentuation de la polarisation sociale et une dissolution des pratiques citadines ? Les risques dits "naturels", qui résultent des interactions entre les processus physiques d'endommagement (aléas anthropisés) et les facteurs de peuplement (vulnérabilités), entrent effectivement en résonance avec le processus de fragmentation urbaine par l'intermédiaire des facteurs de peuplement dont ils partagent certaines composantes socio-spatiales.La marque d'unité à l'origine de la construction de Managua au milieu du XIXe siècle est ainsi sans cesse remise en cause à la fois par les manifestations constatées des risques et par les interactions des composantes socio-spatiales qui préexistent à l'endommagement. Par exemple, on constate peu d'endommagements sur les territoires urbains construits par les habitants aisés. Grâce à leurs choix socio-économiques, culturels, institutionnels, ils s'en protègent, mais les répercutent sur les territoires moins fortunés. En incriminant la nature et en refusant le principe de solidarité envers des fragments urbains déjà fortement différenciés, les nantis renforcent le processus de fragmentation urbaine, c'est-à-dire la disparition de la ville en tant que système. Paradoxalement, les risques apparaissent parfois comme des éléments de contre-fragmentation : des habitants aisés acceptent la proximité spatiale avec un quartier précaire quand ce dernier, en échange d'avantages compensatoires, joue le rôle d'amortisseur des dommages, prouvant une certaine instrumentalisation des risques dans le processus de fragmentation urbaine.
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Mechri, Adler Zohra. "Mouvement paysan, réforme agraire et politique agricoles au Nicaragua 1979-1990." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030187.
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La reforme agraire sandiniste transforma substantiellement l'injuste structure de la tenure de la terre prevalant avant 1979, sans toutefois parvenir a developper pleinement le potentiel de la production paysanne. Cette reforme agraire s'inscrivit dans le cadre d'une strategie de transformation et de developpement de caractere << developpementiste >> et etatisante qui misait fortement sur les grands projets modernisants la reforme agraire sandiniste refletait, en meme temps, le probleme de la faiblesse historique du mouvement paysan au nicaragua ; les difficultes inherentes a la transformation d'une structure agraire complexe; ainsi que les limitations nees de la politique d'unite nationale avec la bourgeoisie agraire dans laquelle le gouvernement revolutionnaire se trouva engage. Mais les politiques agraires et agricoles mises en place par le gouvernement sandiniste ne furent pas statiques : elles evoluerent dans le temps, sous la pression des differents acteurs sociaux et politiques et de la guerre qui bouleversa de multiples facons la vie economique, sociale et politique du pays, poussant le gouvernement a modifier les politiques menees a l'egard de la paysannerie. Cette these analyse le caractere de la reforme agraire et les politiques agricoles mises en oeuvre par le gouvernement sandiniste entre 1979 et 1990, leur evolution et leurs rapports avec le developpement du mouvement paysan au nicaragua.
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Krämer, Raimund. "Historie: Nicaragua Sandinista : Bilanz einer Revolution." Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_welttrends/2009/3405/.
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Im Juli 1979 begann unter dem Begriff „Sandinistische Revolution“ eine tief greifende Umgestaltung in Nicaragua. Diese fand weltweit starkes Interesse. Das „neue Nicaragua“ wurde zur Zielscheibe der Konservativen und zur neuen Ikone der Linken, die einen Sozialismus jenseits totalitärer Strukturen ersehnte. Nach zehn Jahren endete dieses Projekt. 30 Jahre danach diskutiert der Autor, der in jenen Jahren selbst in Nicaragua weilte, die Ursachen der Revolution, ihre Erfolge und ihr letztliches Scheitern.
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Duffell, Hayley Joanna. "Volcanic plume spectroscopy at Masaya, Nicaragua." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615806.
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Valdes, Proa Verónica. "TEOLOGÍA DE LA LIBERACIÓN EN NICARAGUA." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/100192.
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En el presente trabajo, se destaca el tema de la Teología de Liberación en Nicaragua, pues, la Teología, sabe comprender problemas e injusticias en América Latina. Por lo cual, se asumió de tener el compromiso de transformar dichos problemas, por mencionar algunos: la pobreza, la marginación, falta de oportunidades, explotación, etc.
Por eso es importante saber que, el método del estudio teológico es la reflexión a partir de la práctica de la fe viva, comunicada, confesada y celebrada dentro de una práctica de liberación, para así poder llevar a cabo un cambio e ir progresando poco a poco.
“La teología de la liberación debe ocupar un papel preponderante en las sociedades actuales” y por consiguiente que se tenga una teología de la liberación que suministre un nuevo paradigma cultural.
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Velázquez, José Luis. "Nicaragua: Outcomes of revolution, 1979-1990." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298766.
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In Marxist and Dependence theories, revolution has been prescribed as a panacea for developing countries' social evils. However, there is little work dedicated to evaluation of the results of those events that permit the validation of theory. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation is to assess the outcomes of the Nicaraguan Revolution (1979-1990) and test this assumption. The assessment was made according to Edward Muller's theoretical framework. It is centered in the idea that revolutions destroy social capital. Their successes depend on the skill of revolutionary leadership in distinguishing obsolete from other forms of valuable social capital. The latter has to be fostered as the base of the revolution's future development. The indicators used were: (1) The extent at which the revolutionary leadership keeps its promises and delivers public goods; (2) The evaluation of power, strength, and centralization of the revolutionary state vs. the ancient regime; (3) The performance of the revolutionary economy; (4) The extension of the policies of land distribution, and; (5) The effects of the revolutionary policies in income distribution, inequality, and the creation of new opportunities for the citizenry. The conclusions were: (1) The Sandinista leadership did not deliver the promises of mixed economy, political pluralism and on alignment; (2) The revolutionary state was: strongest, more centralized and powerful than the Somoza regime; (3) The economic performance was poor, and unable to meet the needs of the people; (4) The policies of land reform were effective in distributing land, but failed in the creation of a new social class of farmers. It became a counterinsurgency land reform directed to create an available political clientele for the ruling party; (5) The contradiction between macroeconomics and distributive microeconomics policies, canceled out the effect of the latter, inducing a process of income concentration; (6) The insertion of the Nicaraguan crisis in the East-West confrontation accentuated dependence; (7) The empirical evidence supports Moller and Weede's theoretical assertion (1995) in the sense that the Sandinista leadership was not able to discriminate between obsolete social capital from valuable social capital, that existed embedded in pre-revolutionary institutional structure. Its attempt to subordinate civil society and substitute it with a spurious civil society ended with the destruction of valuable social capital needed for growth and development.
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Schott, Cory L. "Frontiers and Fandangos: Reforming Colonial Nicaragua." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333351.
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New ideas about trade, society, and the nature of government pulsed throughout the Atlantic World during the eighteenth century. This dissertation explores the relationship between political reforms and life along a colonial frontier. To do so, this project analyzes the effects of new laws imposed by the Spanish monarchy in Central America during the eighteenth century. The policies implemented during this time offered unequal prospects to social groups (e.g., Indians, merchants, soldiers, and farmers), state and non-state institutions (e.g., the Church, town councils, merchant guilds, and regional governments), and individuals to reconfigure traditional local power arrangements. This process, however, produced new conflicts between individuals, communities, and institutions as they attempted to expand and defend their traditional roles in society. I argue Nicaragua's relative isolation from the rest of the Spanish world allowed for the already complex and unwieldy process to become even more difficult. Thus, the majority of the reforms introduced over the eighteenth century remained poorly implemented. Even in areas where royal officials achieved noticeable progress and success, such as the creation of a tobacco monopoly, the new legal regime created new, often unforeseen, problems. In the first part of my dissertation, I examine how vague (and sometimes contradictory) decrees from Spain provided opportunities for new expressions of local power. In the first chapter, I examine the effect that new laws limiting the power of the Church had on local officials and members of the clergy. For example, new ordinance concerning the regulation of private gatherings and dances provoked a major conflict between two pillars of local rule: the bishop and the governor. In the second chapter, I analyze how new laws and decrees contributed to the expansion of an already flourishing black market. New economic ideas, such as ones that established royal monopolies, led to a significant increase in the remittances sent to Spain from Central America; however these same economic policies also eroded local economies and pushed some individuals to participate in illicit trade. The second half of this study analyzes the colonial experiences of indigenous peoples in two very different areas of Central America. In the third chapter, I examine western Nicaragua, where Spanish rule was its strongest and indigenous communities struggled to defend themselves from increasingly onerous demands for labor and tribute. In the fourth chapter, I shift the view to eastern and central Nicaragua and Honduras, where Spain's presence was tenuous or non-existent. There, local indigenous groups capitalized on Spanish fears of a British presence in eastern Central America to extract major concessions and preserve their autonomy while individuals sold their services to the competing empires. This dissertation draws on extensive work with sources, many hitherto untapped, at archives in Spain, Guatemala, the United States, and Nicaragua to demonstrate that residents of Spanish Central America—Spanish, American born Spaniards, natives, mulattos, and mestizos alike—contributed to new understandings of imperial goals that proved that some reforms could be flexible and amendable to local conditions. The legal battles, Church records, military reports, and pleas to the king also highlight shifting ideas about the political, economic, and social organization of society. Beyond its contribution to the limited studies that focus on Nicaragua during the colonial period, my dissertation adds to the broader, comparative fields of colonial studies, economic history, the study of borderlands and frontiers, and the Atlantic World.
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Jaheny, Ronan. "Le rôle des combattants dans la prise du pouvoir du Front sandiniste de libération nationale : étude sur le processus révolutionnaire à León, Nicaragua (septembre 1978-août 1979)." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030111.
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La prise du pouvoir par le Front sandiniste de libération nationale en juillet 1979 au Nicaragua, repose essentiellement sur son aptitude à constituer et à contrôler une armée populaire, grâce à la participation de combattants recrutés dans les quartiers périphériques des principales villes du pays. À León, le Front obtient l'insurrection de la jeunesse en appliquant une stratégie de guérilla intensive, à laquelle répond la répression aveugle menée par la Garde nationale. Le processus révolutionnaire est donc marqué par une extrême violence de la part des belligérants et par l'effacement des modérés. Sous la pression politique et sociale des combattants vainqueurs, la révolution sandiniste se traduit par l'instauration d'une nouvelle autorité militaire, au nom de la sécurité collectiveThe ascension to power and national liberation of Nicaragua by the Sandinista Front in July of 1979 is essentially due to the Front's aptitude in creating and controlling a people's army, and depended on the participation of the combattants recruited in peripheral districts of the country's major cities. In León, the Front brought about the uprising of the city's youth by using an intensive guerilla strategy, to which the National Guard responded with a strategy of complete repression. The revolutionary process is thus characterised by extreme violence on behalf of the belligerent party and by obfuscation on behalf of the moderates. Under both political and social pressure of the victorious combattants, the Sandinista Revolution is the coming to power of a new military authority in the name of collective security
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Dugal, Zoe. "The illegitimacy of the state and the revolution in Nicaragua /." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32907.
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The focus of this paper will be revolutions as a Third World phenomena. It will try to analyse what are the conditions and challenges faced by Third World states; and what are the functions that those states perform, or fail to perform. In other words, what are the conditions likely to lead to a revolution within Third World nation-states?Of course, every Third World state possesses its particular circumstances and, therefore, different factors will influence the occurrence of a revolution in each case. It would be presumptuous of me to attempt to address all of these issues which have been raised. My task is indeed more modest. Since it is very unlikely to elaborate a single theory that will fit all cases, this paper will rather consider a theoretical framework and assess its applicability and its explanatory potential of one Third World revolution, the Nicaraguan revolution.
What this paper will also do is to examine what happens when a successful revolution has taken place. How is the new regime constructed? How is the power of the revolutionary government employed? Can we assess the relative success of a revolution?
The use of a single case study, Nicaragua, can be explained by the richness of this particular example. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Dana, Peter Hutton. "Diversity in descriptions of a destroyed place : Greytown, Nicaragua /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Cardoza, López Julio César. "Análisis del Crédito Tributario para los exportadores de bienes en Nicaragua (2013-2017)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/169845.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Gestión y Políticas PúblicasLa creación del crédito tributario para los exportadores de bienes se generó ante la necesidad del gobierno nicaragüense de impulsar un crecimiento económico sostenible, generar empleos y reducir el déficit comercial insostenible de largo plazo. En este sentido, una de las medidas que se planteó fue fortalecer e incentivar las actividades destinadas la producción de bienes exportables. Por tanto, en el año 2003, el gobierno estableció un crédito tributario del 1.5 por ciento del valor FOB de las exportaciones para disminuir la obligación de pago del Impuesto sobre la renta de los exportadores de bienes de origen nicaragüense y a los productores o fabricantes de esos bienes. Este incentivo representa recursos a los cuales el estado renuncia y podría disponer para financiar gasto público en inversión social y de capital; ante lo cual se despierta el interés por su estudio. Por consiguiente, este trabajo investigativo se plantea el objetivo de analizar el crédito tributario a los exportadores de bienes en Nicaragua para evaluar si su uso es racional, eficaz y eficiente como herramienta de política tributaria durante el periodo de 2013 2017. En concreto se propone cuantificar el costo del gasto tributario que corresponde al crédito tributario de 1.5 por ciento al pago del IR (Impuesto sobre la Renta) para los exportadores de bienes en Nicaragua durante el periodo 2013 2017, luego evaluar la racionalidad, eficacia y eficiencia del crédito tributario de 1.5 por ciento al pago del IR para los exportadores de bienes en Nicaragua durante el periodo 2013 2017. Finalmente, analizar, a la luz de los resultados, limitaciones y dimensiones de mejoramiento de la actual política de gasto tributario del crédito de 1.5 por ciento al pago del IR para los exportadores de bienes en Nicaragua. La metodología utilizada considera modelos cuantitativos, para la estimación del crédito tributario a los exportadores se emplea el método de obtención directa desde las estadísticas de ingresos y para la evaluación de la efectividad y eficiencia se emplea un modelo econométrico de panel de datos con efectos fijos, con estimadores de GLS (General Least Square) y PCSE (Corrected Estandar Errors), que refleja la correlación entre el incentivo y sus variables objetivo. El crédito tributario equivale a un monto de 687 millones de córdobas relativo al 0.17 por ciento del PIB para el año 2017. Por un lado, los resultados indican que el crédito tributario solo es efectivo para grandes empresas, mientras que la evaluación generalizada, de grandes y pequeñas empresas, del crédito tributario de 1.5 por ciento para los exportadores de bienes, indica que el incentivo no es efectivo ni eficiente y que las exportaciones se explican en mayor medida por las características de rentabilidad propias de cada empresa y las condiciones exógenas del mercado exterior. Finalmente, a la luz de los resultados, se propone realizar modificaciones graduales en el incentivo sobre las dimensiones de mejoramiento de temporalidad y focalización.
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Fuchs, Jochen. "Nicaragua : demokratischer Anspruch und gesellschaftliche Realität ; Geschichte des Landes im Lichte der Auseinandersetzung um Verfassungsrecht und Wahlentscheidung von der Unabhängigkeit bis zur liberalen Ära /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/390982296.pdf.
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Rot, Françoise. "Le rôle du Front sandiniste de libération nationale dans le processus de démocratisation au Nicaragua (1979-1995)." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA082002.
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Après 45 ans de dictature somoziste, l'expérience révolutionnaire nicaraguayenne menée par le FSLN au pouvoir à partir de 1979, pose la question de savoir si une autre logique économique que le capitalisme ou le socialisme peut soutenir un développement de manière durable. Le projet démocratique du FSLN est de favoriser l'autodétermination populaire et de mettre en oeuvre la socialisation des moyens de production. L'obstacle majeur au processus de démocratisation a été le blocage et l'agression militaire, politique et diplomatique des Etat-Unis. Cette dernière a largement limité les sources de financement nécessaires à l'approfondissement des réformes socio-économiques. A partir des années 1990, suite aux mesures imposées au gouvernement de l'UNO par le FMI, la démocratie économique enregistre un réel recul dans le domaine de l'éducation et de la santé. Cependant, grâce à la révolution sandiniste, Les Nicaraguayens ont acquis une expérience de lutte qui leur a permis de défendre les acquis de la Réforme agraire et de créer l'Aire de propriété des travailleurs. . .
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Bar, Lionel. "Communication et résistance populaire au Nicaragua : la ligne de feu /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391951991.
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Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Études hispaniques et lation-américaines--Paris 3, 1999. Titre de soutenance : La communication politique et culturelle de la révolution sandiniste (1959-1979).Bibliogr. p. 267-270.
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Casco, Valle Ricardo Benjamín. "Plan de negocios para la creación de una cadena de gimnasios para mujeres en Managua, Nicaragua." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/137865.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Gestión y Dirección de EmpresasEl presente plan de negocios evalúa la viabilidad de implementar la primera cadena de fitness centers sólo para mujeres en Nicaragua. La economía del país está prosperando, con un PIB creciente, bajos niveles de inflación y mayor inversión extranjera. Por su parte la industria de los gimnasios en América Latina está en expansión, creciendo 34,4% en 2013; no hay información específica para Nicaragua al respecto. En ese país esta industria está fragmentada y presenta bajos niveles de competencia. Al mismo tiempo, está aumentando el interés en la salud y el cuidado físico, y con ello la tendencia a hacer ejercicio. La única cadena de gimnasios existente en el país posee sólo 2 sedes en Managua y crece a un 13% anual. La oferta de gimnasios sólo para mujeres es limitada, habiendo sólo uno en la ciudad, el cual, según la estrategia de la franquicia norteamericana a la que pertenece, compite por costos. Todo permite concluir que el mercado es atractivo. Como cliente objetivo para el proyecto se seleccionaron, con el apoyo de la herramienta SAP (Segmentar, Apuntar y Posicionar), las mujeres entre los 22 y 40 años de edad, residentes de la zona sur de Managua, con alto poder adquisitivo y que viven o trabajan cerca de los gimnasios. Su número es cercano a 54.000. En su mayoría son mujeres trabajadoras y amas de casa de altos ingresos. Se contempla instalar tres sedes del gimnasio. La estrategia de negocios se basará en el enfoque por diferenciación (nicho). El plan de negocios persigue aprovechar economías de ámbito, incluyendo en los gimnasios una oferta de nutrición especializada. También se persigue aprovechar economías de escala, por ejemplo a través de la centralización de departamentos (marketing, finanzas). Considerando que el recurso más importante es el humano, debido a que los entrenadores son quienes estarán más cercanos al cliente, se estableció un plan de desarrollo de carrera e incentivos. Otro aspecto clave es la localización de las sedes, la que se definió entre diferentes opciones empleando una metodología de evaluación ponderada de atributos. El análisis financiero permite establecer que el proyecto es rentable, con un VAN de MMUD$ 2,3 y una TIR de 27%, considerando una tasa de descuento 8,33% y un horizonte de evaluación de 10 años. La inversión requerida asciende MMUSD$ 1,9 y se recupera en el quinto periodo. El análisis de sensibilidad se hizo en base a tres escenarios: aumento de costos en un 40%, reducción de precios en un 25% o reducción de la demanda en un 40%. De los escenarios analizados, el más pesimista es una disminución de la demanda en un 40%, que arroja un VAN de MU$D 184 y una TIR de 9,89 %. El proyecto muestra resultados atractivos como negocio, por lo que se recomienda llevarlo a cabo. Se considera también importante realizar este mismo análisis en otras zonas del país para evaluar posibles crecimientos por extensión geográfica.
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Mendoza, Pierre. "Eglise et révolution, le Nicaragua (1979-1983)." Perpignan, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PERP0095.
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En 1979, la revolution nicaraguayenne reussit enfin a renverser le regime dictatorial de somoza. Cette revolution presente un interet particulier dans la mesure ou il y a eu alliance entre l'eglise et les rebelles pour lutter contre le pouvoir. La conjonction d'une armee revolutionnaire, animee par l'esprit du socialisme, et de l'institution religieuse est un fait historique dont la portee peut avoir des consequences considerables en amerique latine. Jusqu'en 1983, les revolutionnaires au pouvoir, forts d'une ideologie originale (le sandinisme), essaient de poursuivre cette cohabitation de l'eglise et de l'etat. Les tensions, les hesitations de la hierarchie catholique et parfois la rupture sont autant de moments difficiles pour les sandinistes qui doivent aussi lutter contre l'imperialisme nord-americain toujours menacant. La necessite de reconstruite un nicaragua laisse exsangue par de trop longues annees de dictature n'a pas suffi a concretiser l'union entre revolutionnaire et chretiens. . . De part et d'autre, des hommes courageux l'ont souhaite mais les passions marxistes et l'intrasigence catholique romaine sont certainement les raisons essentielles de l'echec de cette experience revolutionnaire originaleIn 1979 the nicaragua revolution eventually succeeds in overthrowing somoza's dictatorial regime. This revolution bears a particular interest in so far as there has been an alliance between the church and the rebels ot fight against the power. The conjunction of a revolutionnary army, impelled by a socialist spirit, and of the religious institution is a historical fact which may have considerable consequence in latin america. Until 1983, the revolutionaries in power, confident in an original ideology, (i. E. Sandinism), try to carry on with this cohabitation of church and state. Tensions and waverings of the catholic hierarchy, and sometimes even rupture are as many difficult periods for the sandinists who also have to fight against an everthreatening north-american imperialism. The necessity to reconstruct a nicaragua nearly annihilated by too many years of dictatorship has not been sufficient to accomplish the union between revolutionaries and christians. Some brave men were craving for it on each side, but marxist passions and catholic intransigence are undoubtedly the main reasons which account for the failure of this original revolutionary experience
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Bárcenas, Reyes Alberto [Verfasser]. "Arbeitsschutz in Nicaragua : Ansätze zur Verbesserung des Arbeitsschutzes in Nicaragua unter Berücksichtigung des deutschen Arbeitsschutzsystems / Alberto Bárcenas Reyes." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2002. http://d-nb.info/970323379/34.
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Dickau, Ruth. "Paleoethnobotany of the Lake Managua region, Nicaragua." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38529.pdf.
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Gorter, Anna Cornelia. "Childhood diarrhoea and its prevention in Nicaragua." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1998. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=.
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Téllez, Sierra Aleyda. "Giardiasis in Leon, Nicaragua : prevalence and protection /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-999-8/.
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Dahlblom, Kjerstin. "Home alone : sibling caretakers in León, Nicaragua." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1877.
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Sibling caretaking, although common across time and cultures, has not been well researched from the carer’s point of view. In Nicaragua, ranked as one of the poorest countries in the Americas, sibling caretaking is common. The country’s historical background and its state of chronic poverty, widespread unemployment, loose family structures, and migration and mobility makes of the old practise of shared management child care a necessity. Households headed by sing¬le mothers constitute a particular Nica¬raguan charact¬eristic. Many children are expected to help in their own families and care for their siblings and other children living in their households. In its broadest sense sibling caretaking is a public health concern, and we conducted this study to widen the understanding of the phenomenon as it is represented in a setting undergoing a rapid social transition. The main objectives were to identify, describe and analyse the life situation of sibling caretakers in poor areas in León, Nicaragua, with focus on how they perceived it themselves. A combined qualitative and quantitative methodological design was used, mainly applying an ethnographic approach. A further ambition was to explore involvement of children in a participatory research process in accordance with the ‘Convention on the Rights of the Child’. The overall emotion expressed among the caretakers was pride, even if their situation often was characterized by stress and coping problems. They perceived their work as important for their families and they appreciated to fend for their siblings. Household work and nurturing of siblings were shaping the future lives of the caretakers and constituted part of their socialization. Even if many of these children achieve essential life skills as caretakers, they are at risk of falling behind as they grow older. Their long-term personal development is likely to be hampered by the obligations they have as caretakers. The carers' awareness of missing out on education was the most problematic issue for them. From a societal point of view, caretaking has negative consequences. The individual child is marginalised with limited access to basic education, contributing to overall low educational levels in Nicaragua. While the structuring conditions leading to sibling caretaking may be difficult to change, awareness of how these can affect children might make way for improvements in terms of access to school education and support from the society. The knowledge gained from this study should be further utilised to plan for interventions that take children’s perspectives into consideration.
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Rodrigues, Renata Maria. "Cooperativas agricolas em Nicaragua : organização e educação." [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/253854.
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Orientadores: James Maher, Newton BryanDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T03:16:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_RenataMaria_M.pdf: 4738581 bytes, checksum: a929cac3b85c506d11212ddc46574d89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994
Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer um estudo da experiência de organização de cooperativas agrícolas no período da Revolução Nicaraguense. Dentro deste contexto estudamos qual foi a contribuição da educação formal e informal no processo de formação e trabalho das cooperativas, tanto da educação básica como técnica. o primeiro capítulo faz um resgate histórico dos antecedentes do cooperativismo e seus princípios. Faz também um breve resumo da Revolução Nicaraguense e as mudanças ocorridas na estrutura agrária, com o objetivo de contextualizar o leitor dentro da situação conjuntural em que dá o projeto cooperativo da revolução. No segundo capítulo apresentamos os estudos de caso de cinco cooperativas. Como surgiram, como se desenvolveram, quem eram seus integrantes, sua história, sua formação, desenvolvimento da produção agropecuária, problemas enfrentados, relação da cooperativa com os organismos e instituições do governo revolucionário, perspectivas da cooperativa. No terceiro e último capítulo fazemos uma comparação entre os fundamentos teóricos que definiram as bases do cooperativismo e os estudos de caso realizados. Enfatizamos nesta análise comparativa o papel que jogou a formação dos camponeses, seja anterior como durante o processo de desenvolvimento das cooperativas. Na conclusão procuramos responder a algumas perguntas elaboradas no início do trabalho. Finalmente, elaboramos uma pequena análise, apontando algumas pistas sobre a perspectiva do movimento cooperativo após a derrota do governo revolucionário em 1990
Mestrado
Mestre em Educação
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Williams-Jones, Glyn. "Integrated geophysical studies at Masaya volcano, Nicaragua." Thesis, Open University, 2001. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54428/.
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Research into the mechanisms responsible for the lasting, cyclic activity at Masaya volcano can lead to a better understanding of persistently degassing volcanoes. This study is greatly enhanced by the integration of dynamic micro-gravity, deformation and gas flux measurements. The acquisition of extended temporal and spatial geophysical data will also allow for the development of robust models for the dynamics of magmatic systems. Masaya volcano, Nicaragua, is one of the most active systems in Central America, making it an excellent natural laboratory for this study. It is noted for repeated episodes of lava lake formation, strong degassing and subsequent quiescence. Ground-based geophysical measurements show two episodes of similar magnitude gravity decreases in 1993-1994 and 1997-1999, separated by a period of minor gravity increase. A major increase in S02 gas flux from 1997-1999 correlates well with the most recent episode of gravity decrease. The gravity changes are not accompanied by deformation in the summit areas and are interpreted in terms of sub-surface density changes. The persistent degassing at Masaya suggests that up to -15 krrr' of magma may have degassed over the last 150 years, only a minute fraction of which has been erupted. Furthermore, thermal flux calculations suggest that 0.5 krrr' of magma (the estimated volume of the shallow reservoir) would cool from liquidus to just above solidus temperatures in only 5 years. The high rates of degassing and cooling at open-system volcanoes such as Masaya raise questions as to the ultimate fate of this degassed and cooled magma. A number of models have been proposed to explain this, but the most likely mechanism to explain persistent activity at Masaya and other similar volcanoes is convective removal of cooled and degassed magma and subsequent recharge by volatile-rich magma from depth. Another fundamental question in modem volcanology concerns the manner in which a volcanic eruption is triggered; the intrusion of fresh magma into a reservoir is thought to be a key component. The amount by which previously ponded reservoir magma interacts with a newly intruded magma will determine the nature and rate of eruption as well as the chemistry of erupted lavas and shallow dykes. The physics of this interaction can be investigated through a conventional monitoring procedure that incorporates the Mogi model relating ground deformation (~) to changes in volume of a magma reservoir. Gravity changes (.1.g)combined with ground deformation provides information on magma reservoir mass changes. Models developed here predict how, during inflation, the observed .1.gI~ gradient will evolve as a volcano develops from a state of dormancy through unrest into a state of explosive activity.
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Molina, Millán Teresa. "Three Essays on Régional Migration in Nicaragua." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0093.
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Cette thèse étudie la migration régionale au Nicaragua rural. Le chapitre 1 analyse les corrélats des choix migratoires des jeunes adultes alors qu'ils avancent vers l'âge adulte. Ce chapitre examine les différences entre les migrants ruraux et urbains et identifie différents schémas de migration liés à l'éducation, à la démographie de la famille et au développement régional d'origine et de destination. Le chapitre 2 analyse la question de savoir si les migrants régionaux et leur famille d'origine participent à un arrangement informel d'assurance en estimant l'impact causal des chocs pluviométriques sur le flux des transferts entre les migrants et leur famille d'origine. Ce chapitre constate que les migrants fournissent une assurance à leur famille d'origine et il montre que le niveau d'assurance augmente quand les migrants et les familles sont exposés à des chocs pluviométriques moins corrélés. Le chapitre 3 analyse les conséquences de l'attrition sur la validité interne et externe des résultats d'une expérience aléatoire avec des taux d'attrition pondérés. En utilisant un ensemble de données longitudinales récoltées pendant 10 ans avec un taux d'attrition final de 10 pour cent, obtenu après un suivi intensif des migrants, ce chapitre documente la sensibilité des estimations en- IDT en matière d'acquis scolaires et de résultats du marché du travail pour un programme social au Nicaragua. Dans ce chapitre, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode pour corriger l'attrition en utilisant la pondération selon la probabilité inverse avec des estimations des pondérations qui exploitent les similarités entre les individus manquants et ceux trouvés durant la phase de suivi intensifThis thesis explores regional migration among young adults in rural Nicaragua. Chapter 1 analyzes the correlates of migration choices by young adults as they move towards adulthood. Using detailed data this chapter investigates differences between rural and urban migrants and identify differential migration patterns related to education, household demographics and regional development at origin and destination. Chapter 2 tests whether regional migrants and their household of origin participate in an informal insurance arrangement by estimating the casual impact of rainfall shocks on the flow of transfers between regional migrants and their origin household. This chapter finds that migrants provide insurance to their origin household. Distinguishing by destination and economic activity this chapter shows that the level of insurance increases when migrants and households are exposed to less correlated rainfall shocks. Finally, chapter 3 analyzes the implications of attrition for the internal and external validity of the results of a randomized experiment with balanced attrition rates. Using a 10 years longitudinal data set with a final attrition rate of 10 percent, obtained after intensive tracking of migrants, this chapter documents the sensitivity of ITT estimates for schooling gain : and labor market outcomes for a social program in Nicaragua. In this chapter we propose a new method to correct for attrition using inverse probability weighting with estimates of weights that exploit the similarities between missing individuals and those found during intensive tracking
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Senescal, Sylviane. "Poésie de femme au Nicaragua : 1960-1980." Toulouse 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU20027.
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Nee sous le signe de la rebellion, la poesie de femme des annees 60 a 80 au nicaragua est l'expression d'une prise de conscience feminine et de la recherche d'une identite nationale inscrite au coeur du pays natal et sur fond de revolution sandiniste. Cette poesie a donne a la litterature nationale la voix de femme qi lui manquaitBorn of the rebellion, the women poetry from the 60's to the 80's in nicaragua is the expression of the women's sudden awareness and of the search for national identity rooted in the native country and founded upon the sandinist revolution. It was this poetry that gave the national literature the women's voice which was so missing from it
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Dahlblom, Kjerstin. "Home alone : sibling caretakers in Léon, Nicaragua /." Umeå : Univ, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1877.
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Gabbert, Wolfgang. "Creoles - Afroamerikaner im karibischen Tiefland von Nicaragua /." Münster ; Hamburg : Lit, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374500978.
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Lacombe, Delphine. "Violences envers les femmes : sociohistoire d'un enjeu public Nicaragua (1979-2008)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0151.
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Cette thèse analyse les modes de construction d'un enjeu public - les violences envers les femmes -, et son inscription dans les formes du politique nicaraguayennes révolutionnaire- sandiniste (1979-1990) et post révolutionnaire (1990-2007). L'émergence de l'enjeu se déploie d'abord dans les luttes d'un féminisme nicaraguayen de la deuxième vague, en collusion et en collision avec l'appareil de direction et d'administration de la société révolutionnaire. Dans ce contexte, la logique des actions et les conversions idéologiques de la militance féministe ré-inscrivent progressivement les revendications dans une rhétorique démocratique/libérale et dans le langage des droits humains. Les recompositions des formes du politique dans l'immédiat post-sandinisme se traduisent par des modalités conjointes de publicisation et d'occultation de l'enjeu public. Cette dynamique contradictoire se traduit par des requalifications juridiques de la « maltraitance » et du « viol » en « violences intrafamiliales et sexuelles », pensées en dehors du fait guerrier et en dissimulant le sexe de leurs auteurs. On met alors en évidence la constitution d'un nouveau régime juridique, fondé simultanément sur l'héritage de la tradition chrétienne de la préservation d'un ordre moral et sur l'invention du consentement individuel. Procédant enfin à l'analyse de deux affaires, nous réinterrogeons l'histoire de ces qualifications successives en analysant les controverses qui les sous-tendent. L'ensemble de ce travail a ainsi pour objectif de mettre au jour le genre du changement social et ses effets de désarticulation sur une société traversée, en moins de trente ans, par deux temps révolutionnaires, sandiniste et démocratique, eux-mêmes représentatifs des grands basculements politiques et idéologiques occidentaux de la fin du XXème siècleThis thesis analyses the way a public issue is constructed - violence committed against women - and integrated into the various forms of Nicaraguan politics, Sandinist-revolutionary (1979-1990) and post-revolutionary (1990-2007). The issue emerges at first through the fights led by a second wave of Nicaraguan feminism, colluding as well as colliding with the governing and administrative apparatus of revolutionary society. In this context, the actions and ideological conversions of feminist militancy gradually reintegrate their claims and demands into liberal/democratic rhetoric and Human Rights language. The renewed composition of political forms in the early post-Sandinist era lead to the simultaneous exposure and occultation of the issue of "violence against women and girls". These contradictory dynamics appear in the legal re-characterisation of "abuse" and "rape" into "sexual and domestic violence", disconnected from the war context, and ignoring the gender of the perpetrators. Thus, a new legal regime emerges, based both on the heritage of Christian tradition and the conservation of moral order, and on the discovery of individual consent. An analysis of two cases, "Narvaez vs Ortega" (1998-2008) and "Fletes vs Fletes" (2003-2007), provides for a review of the history of these successive re-characterisations, based on apparent consensus, revealing the controversies that underpin them. The sum of this work aims at using the sociohistory of a public issue in order to bring to light the gender of social change, as well as its disruptive effects on a society after two revolutionary periods (Sandinist and democratic) in less than 30 years, exemplary of the major Western political and ideological shifts of the end of the 20th century
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Macq, Jean. "Documenting and acting on local systems to improve the management of care for people affected by tuberculosis, the case of Nicaragua." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211063.
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Control of tuberculosis has often been managed as a simple issue, the belief being that activities to care for people affected by tuberculosis can be uniformly standardised and centred on the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. The DOTS strategy has been the most concrete illustration of this approach. It is undeniable that this has been successful in re-organising unstructured and very inefficient national TB control programmes.Today, many countries’ programmes are better organised and have reached case detection and cure rates close to the targets set by WHO (i.e. 70% of cases effectively detected and 85% of detected cases cured). There are mounting arguments to enlarge the scope of activities to care for people affected by TB beyond the classical standardised strategies for diagnostic and treatment of tuberculosis. Indeed, it has become widely accepted that to increase further coverage of diagnosis and treatment of TB, it is necessary to address the economic and psychosocial problems of the people affected by tuberculosis, particularly for those having the least access to and worse quality of care. This will be possible only if, additionally to the current approaches, customised care can be developed after analysis to capture the complexity of care and interventions that take the specificity of local systems in their context into consideration. In chapter 1-2, we illustrate this through the review of the recent customisation of Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) as its naturally evolve in various contexts world-wide.
Developing an analysis that captures complex issues in PATB care means having a proper understanding of the interactions between parts of the local care systems to people affected by TB and identifications of the important patterns of these interactions. That is possible only if information different than the usual quantitative indicators is generated. We illustrate this in the part 2. We took the case of Nicaragua’s TB control programme, which is renowned for its performance in America. In that context, we illustrated the limits of a classical approach to TB control programme evaluation (chapter 2-3) and gave four examples of care process analysis that illustrated the economic and psychosocial problems of people affected by tuberculosis (PATB) (chapter 2-4 to 2-7).
Developing customised system-sensitive interventions to improve the care process means recognising that the interventions cannot be isolated from the organisational context and social dynamics during changes. Thinking must therefore move beyond the design of universal, standardised tool kits. We illustrate specifically in the part 3 the importance of combined local, national and international processes in improving the care process for people affected by TB in Nicaragua: lessons from successful and unsuccessful local and customised processes of implementing interventions in four local health systems (chapter 3-4) can be an opportunity for a health system research unit in a public health school to build a strategic process of care improvement at national level (through scaling up and through the building of a conducive environment) (chapter 3-5).
As a conclusion of this work, we propose in part 4 a three-level reflection through discussion of patterns emerging from the analysis done in the previous chapters: (1) patterns of care and (2) of organisation of health care system are presented in the form of an analytical framework; (3) patterns of regulation and management to improve care for PATB are presented together with a strategy to work on it.
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
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Madrigal, Fornos Samuel Danilo. "La formation de l'état-nation et la révolution au Nicaragua." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100033.
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Zamora, Mendoza Sergio Medardo. "Plan de negocios para empresa falicitadora de turismo médico en Nicaragua." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115390.
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Magíster en Gestión y Dirección de EmpresasEl presente plan negocios contempla la formación de una empresa facilitadora de turismo médico en Nicaragua enfocado en atender, guiar, recibir y acompañar en el país a pacientes residentes en Estados Unidos que tengan la necesidad de realizarse tratamientos médicos de mediana o baja complejidad fuera de ese país, a través de alianzas con hospitales certificados en Nicaragua. La manera de captar a los clientes será mediante una alianza estratégica con un facilitador médico llamado Health Travel Tours el cual se enfoca en atender a personas de los estados del medio oeste y sur este de Estados Unidos, por lo tanto la fuente principal de ingresos de la empresa serán las comisiones obtenidas de los hospitales a los cuales se les refiera pacientes. Se ofrecerán paquetes de tratamientos médicos en hospitales certificados que a su vez incluirán el hospedaje en hoteles boutique durante el tratamiento, por lo que otra fuente de ingresos será las comisiones obtenidas de los hoteles, y una tercera fuente de ingresos provendrá de las comisiones obtenidas con las tour operadoras. En el primer año se pretende atender a 549 pacientes lo que corresponde a una participación de mercado de 25% en la industria en Nicaragua; y posicionar a la empresa como el facilitador médico con mejor servicio en el país por medio de la oferta de procedimientos odontológicos, de pérdida de peso, oftalmológicos y cosméticos. La oferta de destinos turísticos incluirá tours a playas, volcanes, sitios históricos y lagos y lagunas. Para promocionar el servicio se ha calculado un presupuesto de marketing de $46,552.50 el cual será utilizado para asistir a congresos de turismo médico en Estados Unidos y Europa, además de la creación de una página web, elaboración de merchandising, pagar anuncios en Google Adwords y pautación en revistas de turismo médico. Además de la alianza con el facilitador médico en Estados Unidos, la empresa tendrá alianzas con dos hoteles boutique en la ciudad de Managua, Hotel Contempo y Elements Hotel Boutique, así como con una experimentada empresa tour operadora llamada Nahual Tours. La inversión inicial del proyecto asciende a $196.241 e incluye el capital de trabajo y la compra de mobiliario, equipo de oficina y equipo de transporte, dicho capital tendrá que ser aportado por los inversionistas interesados, ya que el sistema financiero nicaragüense no presta recursos para negocios con menos de 2 años de operación. El período de recuperación de la inversión se ha calculado en 56 meses (4.7 años), con una tasa interna de retorno de 23.5% y un VAN de $19.257 e ingresos promedio para los primeros 5 años de $1.054.546.
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Martínez, Alejandra de los Angeles. "Factores que determinan la viabilidad en la conformación y permanencia de unidades especializadas de género en instituciones públicas: el caso de la creación de las unidades de género en Nicaragua en el periodo 2007-2013." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130666.
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Magíster en Gestión y Políticas Públicas¿Qué factores hacen viable la conformación y permanencia de unidades especializadas de género en las instituciones públicas? Esta es la pregunta central que motiva y orienta el presente estudio de caso, la cual se procura responder a través de inquietudes más específica relacionadas con ¿Qué capacidades se requieren desarrollar para incorporar la perspectiva de género en las instituciones públicas?, ¿Cómo incide la asignación de recursos en la conformación y fortalecimiento del proceso de transversalización de género? y ¿De qué manera incide la configuración organizacional presente en las instituciones públicas en la aceptación de nuevas estructuras especializadas de género?. Para acercarnos a responderlas, se seleccionó como experiencia singular la creación de Unidades de Género en instituciones públicas de la República de Nicaragua acotándolo al periodo 2007-2013 por concentrarse los eventos relacionados con el desarrollo de la experiencia bajo estudio. La metodología utilizada se basa en la guía práctica para la elaboración de estudios de caso , desarrollada por Michael Barzelay y Juan Carlos Cortázar (2004), que implicó entrevistar a diez Coordinadoras de las Unidades de Género de distintas instituciones públicas del Estado y revisión de documentos para construir el relato del caso. Luego se realizó un análisis a la luz de las funciones gerenciales, llegando a conclusiones, entre las cuales destacan: el contar con lineamientos claros, pero sobre todo con la disposición de recursos financieros, personal estable y capacitado mayormente en gestión de instituciones públicas, transversalización de género y negociación de conflictos- son condiciones que marcan profundamente el desarrollo de los procesos de implementación de políticas públicas. Más aún la gestión del entorno político interno y la configuración que adquieren las instituciones junto con las reglas y rutinas presentes, marcaran la apertura o bloqueos a las nuevas iniciativas de políticas públicas, sobre todo las que consideran la creación de nuevas estructuras especializadas en materia de género. Se llega a comprender también, que la sola creación de una Unidad de Género no asegura la transversalización de este enfoque en las instituciones, pues el éxito de esta depende de factores como la preparación profesional de las/los encargados, la voluntad o apertura política de los funcionarios y personal operativo/técnico que son los que al final implementan y concretan las disposiciones políticas. Otro elemento es, que el Estado al asignar recursos a nuevas iniciativas le conviene pensar en la sostenibilidad de las acciones a largo plazo, sobre todo cuando la cooperación externa dispone recursos, pero luego estos fondos se terminan y con ello aparece la necesidad de financiarlos desde el presupuesto público, es evidente entonces pensar en la capacidad del Estado para sostenerlas pues los recursos son escasos y este distribuye según sus prioridades más inmediatas.
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Sebrian, Raphael Nunes Nicoletti. "A repercussão do movimento sandinista na imprensa brasileira : 1926-1934 /." Assis : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93435.
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Orientador: José Luís Bendicho BeiredResumo: Neste trabalho objetiva-se analisar, no período de 1926 a 1934, e de forma comparativa, a produção jornalística a respeito do conflito entre Nicarágua e EUA, e suas diversas configurações e desdobramentos, produzida pelos periódicos Folha da Manhã, Folha da Noite, O Tempo, Correio da Manhã e O Estado de S. Paulo. Procuraremos fundamentalmente compreender como cada periódico se posicionou em relação à questão da intervenção e ao movimento sandinista, quais foram os aspectos privilegiados por cada um dos jornais, e se houve mudanças na postura dos mesmos em relação ao conflito, dentre outros aspectos.
Abstract: This work aims to analyse, comparatively, the production by the newspapers Folha da Manhã, Folha da Noite, O Tempo, Correio da Manhã and O Estado de S. Paulo on the conflict between Nicaragua and the USA from the year 1926 to 1934 as well as its various configurations and implications. We will fundamentally seek to understand which position each newspaper took regarding the intervention matter and the sandinist movement, which aspects were privileged by each newspaper, and whether changes in their posture regarding the conflict occurred, among other aspects.
Mestre
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Mora, David. "Probleme des Mathematikunterrichts in lateinamerikanischen Ländern explorative empirische Studie zur Entwicklung didaktischer und curricularer Innovationsansätze im Kontext der Educación Popular am Beispiel Nicaragua und Venezuela /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1997. http://www.sub.uni-hamburg.de/disse/05/.
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Bolaños, Ortega María de Fátima. "Leitlinien für die Planung einer Strategie zur Mechanisierung der Landwirtschaft am Beispiel der Süd-Pazifik-Region Nicaraguas." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2000. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96722764X.
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Jones, Adam 1963. "Beyond the barricades : the Sandinista press in transition, 1979-1991." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60673.
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A stereotype exists of party- and state-affiliated media as little more than passive reflections of the mobilizing agendas of their sponsors. In analyzing the evolution of Barricada, the former official organ of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), the thesis argues that alongside the paper's mobilizing function, there has evolved a professional function with its roots in core principles of journalistic craft. Transformations at Barricada since the Sandinistas' 1990 electoral defeat--in the areas of party/paper relations, editorial strategy, and business management--primarily reflect staffmembers' longstanding professional aspirations, as well as the newly-salient economic pressures that now confront the paper. The broader significance of the findings is suggested via a comparison with Central and Eastern European media systems. It is argued that an understanding of the impact of political transition on media organs is vital to comprehending pres behaviour in transition situations.
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Rigat, Dominique. "Préhistoire au Nicaragua : région de Juigalpa, département de Chontales." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010588.
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La réalisation du projet de recherches archéologiques Chontales au Nicaragua entre 1984 et 1988, nous a permis la reconnaissance de cinq zones et la découverte de cent trois sites archéologiques, dont quatre furent fouillés par la suite. Nos travaux sont centres sur la classification typologique de l'industrie lithique du projet Chontales, à laquelle nous avons ajoute une petite partie du matériel provenant du musée du Juigalpa, chef-lieu du département de Chontales. Bien que n'étant pas de notre domaine spécifique, nous développons les thèmes tels le mode d'occupation, la statuaire et présentons les pétroglyphes et l'art mobilier. Les résultats de nos études ont mis en évidence de nombreuses catégories lithiques et permis la détermination de plusieurs facies culturels, notamment pendant les phases les plus récentes (Potrero 800 - 1200 ap. J. -C ; Monota 1200 - 1550 ap. J. -C ; Cuapa 1400 -1600 ap. J. -C. ). Dans le chapitre mode d'occupation nous trouvons des éléments d'analyse qui nous permettent d'établir une très nette différence entre les périodes les plus anciennes ; Cuisala, Potrero et Monota (400 1550 ap. J. -C. ), et la plus récente ; Cuapa (1400 - 1600 ap. J. -C. ). Enfin, l'étude de deux statues incomplètes trouvées in situ, nous a permis d'en dater un certain nombre exposées au musée de Juigalpa et de définir que durant les phases les plus récentes (Monota et Cuapa), deux styles de statuaire existaient, correspondant sans doute chacun a des cultures aux caractéristiques sensiblement différentesThese works are issues of the Chontales archaeological project which was developed during the years 1984 until 1988. Five zones were prospected and one hundred and three archaeologicals sites were discovered of which four were excaved. The main part of our study concern the typological classification of the lithic industry to come from the chontales project, but also a little part of the juigalpa museum lithic material. Though it was not our specifically examination, the themes how the settlement pattern and the monumental sculpture are studied and the engravings and other artistic demonstration presented. The mains results registered concerns in the first place the lithic industry, with the determination of numerous lithics categories with notables differences, in particular during the more recents culturals phases (Potrero 800 - 1200a. D. ; Monota 1200 - 1550a. D. ; and Cuapa 1400 - 1600 a. D. ). The settlement pattern chapter give analysis elements which permit to bring to the fore a clear difference until the earliers phases; Cuisala, Potrero and Monota (400 - 1550 a. D. ) And the more recent ; Cuapa (1400 1600 a. D. ). Lastly, the study of several sculptures fragments finded in situ, permit to date others exposed in the Juigalpa museum, and to define two periods, the Monota phase and the Cuapa phase, with them own style