Academic literature on the topic 'Niche écologique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Niche écologique"
Guille-Escuret, Georges. "La niche écologique contre l'écosystème et l'intervention négligée des faits techniques." Anthropologie et Sociétés 20, no. 3 (September 10, 2003): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015435ar.
Full textRasse, Miriam, and Geneviève Appell. "La niche écologique piklérienne." Spirale N° 104, no. 4 (March 31, 2023): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/spi.104.0147.
Full textLamote, Thierry, and Fethi Benslama. "La « niche écologique islamo-occidentale », matrice de la radicalisation islamiste." Recherches en psychanalyse 23, no. 1 (2017): 15a. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rep1.023.0015a.
Full textFilleron, Anne, and Estelle Jumas-Bilak. "Implantation du microbiote intestinal chez l’enfant : ontogenèse d’une niche écologique." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2015, no. 469 (February 2015): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(15)72819-4.
Full textFache, Jacques. "Aménagement, urbanisme et « dialogue citoyen » à Nantes : d’ambigüités en contradictions." Canadian Journal of Regional Science 46, no. 2 (May 31, 2023): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1100210ar.
Full textLarue, Françoise, Nicolas Rozès, Isabelle Froudiere, Caroline Couty, and G. P. Perreira. "Incidence du développement de Dekkera/Brettanomyces dans les moûts et les vins." OENO One 25, no. 3 (September 30, 1991): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1991.25.3.1213.
Full textRihm, Gaspard, and Bruno Fady. "Caractériser l’enveloppe climatique future des jardins communs forestiers : une approche essentielle pour mieux raisonner l’adaptation des essences." Revue forestière française 74, no. 4 (December 11, 2023): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/revforfr.2023.7900.
Full textCours, Jérémy, Louis-Michel Nageleisen, and Régine Touffait. "Gestion forestière intégrée des insectes ravageurs : exemple par l’étude de la niche écologique du hanneton forestier (Melolontha hippocastani Fabr. 1801)." Revue Forestière Française, no. 6 (2019): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/70886.
Full textMonticone, Kateri. "Les corridors écologiques : un moyen d’adaptation aux changements climatiques." Implication des municipalités et des communautés 143, no. 1 (November 28, 2018): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1054125ar.
Full textTaudière, Adrien. "Déterminants de la structure des communautés fongiques dans les forêts de Corse : rôle des perturbations et de la composition forestière." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 334 (January 2, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2017.334.a31493.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Niche écologique"
Pocheville, Arnaud. "LA NICHE ÉCOLOGIQUE: CONCEPTS, MODÈLES, APPLICATIONS." Phd thesis, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris - ENS Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715471.
Full textYguel, Benjamin. "Sortir de sa niche ancestralele cas du chêne sessile et pédonculé : conséquences pour les interactions biotiques : le cas du chêne sessile et pédonculé." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S142.
Full textNiche conservatism is defined as the conservation of the niche and its associated ecological traits over time. Thus, phylogenetically closely related species tend to occupy similar niches, including abiotic conditions but also biotic interactions. Hence, individuals surrounded by phylogenetically distantly related species could be considered as inhabitant of new niche. In this thesis we were interested in trophic interactions of host individuals inhabiting a new niche, represented by distantly related neighbours, as compared to hosts remaining in their ancestral niche. We studied oak hosts and their phytophages, the next trophic level, i. E. The oak phytophages and their natural enemies, and finally the ectomycorhizal fungi of oaks. Our results showed that phylogenetic isolation of oak hosts (i) decreases abundance and pressure of phytophages on oak hosts, (ii) decreases enemy pressure of specialized enemies on oak phytophages, (iii) increases ectomycorhizal fungi abundance and activity. Hence, our results indicate that phylogenetic isolation of oaks changes the intensity and the nature of biotic interactions all along the entire trophic chain based on oaks. Our results allow us to discuss the biotic forces that favor or impede the colonization of a new niche. Moreover, we suggest that phylogenetically isolated oaks, their phytophages and their ectomycorhizal mutualists undergo specific selective pressures that could trigger evolutionary differentiation in long term
Gimonneau, Geoffrey. "Bio-écologie de la spéciation : partage de la niche écologique chez deux espèces naissantes d'anophèles au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20118.
Full textIn West Africa, the main Malaria vector, the mosquito Anopheles gambiae is actually subdivided into two molecular forms named M and S, which can be genetically and environmentally differentiated. The M form preferentially breeds in permanent freshwater collections mainly resulting from human activity and is reproductively active all year round, whereas the S form thrives in temporary breeding sites and is present during the rainy season only. This subdivision generates different dynamics of Malaria transmission in areas where these forms are found. In this context, this thesis aims to study the ecological factors of differentiation between M and S, focusing on their larval ecology to better understand their current and future distribution.The study of the distribution of natural populations of these vectors in an endemic area in Burkina Faso has provided evidence that the ecological niches of these forms are closely correlated with the degree of temporality and the community complexity of aquatic ecosystems. The M form is clearly linked to permanent anthropogenic habitats and the structures they support, while the S form and its sibling species An. arabiensis are associated with simple and temporary habitats, mostly found in rural savannas.The distribution of the two forms along a hydroperiod gradient is consistent with the dominant interactions and adaptations they induce in order to be able to exploit their environments. In relation to temporary habitat, the S form was more competitive than the M form by reducing its larval development time in the presence of competitor (M form). The study of selection pressure due to predation, dominant interaction in permanent habitat, shows that the M forms suffer lesser predation rate than the S form. Analysis of larval behavior highlighted differences between these two forms, such as the existence of a more plastic behavior in the form M, which reduced its rate of activity in predator presence. This mechanism is one of the adaptations that have facilitated the success of An. gambiae in permanent aquatic habitats.Our approach, based on the larval ecology of M and S forms of An. gambiae has enabled us to better understand the processes by which these vectors have evolved and adapted to different ecological contexts. These adaptations reflect the specialization of these two forms in their respective habitats and can partially explain the ecological segregation observed in the field. Improving our knowledge on bio-ecology of these vectors is essential to appreciate their evolutionary potential in the current context of global change
Bame, Ndiouma. "Gestion de donnée complexes pour la modélisation de niche écologique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066125/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns large scale biodiversity data management. Its objectives are to optimize queries for researchers who have free access to biodiversity worldwide data. These data which are shared by worldwide research laboratories are federated in GBIF data warehouse. GBIF makes accessible its data to researchers, policy makers and general public. With a significant amount of data and a rapid growth of data and users that express new needs, the GBIF portal is facing a double problem of expressiveness of queries and of efficiency. Thus, we propose a decentralized solution for biodiversity data interrogation. Our solution combines the resources of several of remote and limited machines to provide the needed computing and storage power to ensure system responsiveness for users. It also provides high-level query interface which is more expressive for users. Then, we propose a dynamic data distribution on demand approach. This approach which is based on data properties and characteristics of users analysis queries adapts dynamically machines capacities to users demands. Then, we propose a queries optimization approach that adapts dynamically data placement and machines loads according to performances in order to process users queries within deadlines. We experimentally validated our solution with real GBIF data concerning 100 million observation data
Bame, Ndiouma. "Gestion de donnée complexes pour la modélisation de niche écologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066125.
Full textThis thesis concerns large scale biodiversity data management. Its objectives are to optimize queries for researchers who have free access to biodiversity worldwide data. These data which are shared by worldwide research laboratories are federated in GBIF data warehouse. GBIF makes accessible its data to researchers, policy makers and general public. With a significant amount of data and a rapid growth of data and users that express new needs, the GBIF portal is facing a double problem of expressiveness of queries and of efficiency. Thus, we propose a decentralized solution for biodiversity data interrogation. Our solution combines the resources of several of remote and limited machines to provide the needed computing and storage power to ensure system responsiveness for users. It also provides high-level query interface which is more expressive for users. Then, we propose a dynamic data distribution on demand approach. This approach which is based on data properties and characteristics of users analysis queries adapts dynamically machines capacities to users demands. Then, we propose a queries optimization approach that adapts dynamically data placement and machines loads according to performances in order to process users queries within deadlines. We experimentally validated our solution with real GBIF data concerning 100 million observation data
Guo, Zhiqiang. "Séparation de niche entre deux espèces invasives de gobies." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1842/.
Full textUnderstanding species coexistence and maintenance of biodiversity in nature has long been a central issue in community ecology. The niche or niche-based theory has been developed since Darwin's explanation of an amazing diversity of life on the Earth and considered as a major theory explaining the coexistence among competing species within ecological communities. Niche differentiation basically involves spatial, trophic, temporal and/or a combination of them. In the present study, habitat selections, life-history characteristics, diet compositions and feeding behaviors of two highly abundant and ecologically similar invasive goby species (Rhinogobius cliffordpopei and Rhinogobius giurinus) are compared to test whether niche separation is a potential mechanism allow ing the stable coexistence of them in Lake Erhai (a shallow freshwater lake in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China). The results demonstrated that these two species showed niche separation along habitat axis, food axis (in littoral habitat for sub-adults and adults), and temporal axis in terms of spawning cycles. Specifically, R. Giurinus mostly occupied profundal habitat (PH) while R. Cliffordpopei mainly used littoral habitat (LH). Correlation analyses revealed that the abundance of R. Giurinus was positively associated with deep water, silt and coarse sand substrata, whereas the distribution of R. Cliffordpopei was positively associated with high densities of macrozooplanktons and high abundances of other fish species, high concentration of dissolved oxygen and high densities of submerged macrophytes. For food resources partitioning, they showed a clear ontogenetic diet shifts and significantly different food partitioning patterns at different life-history stages and habitats. For both species, macrozooplanktons (Cladocera and Copepoda) were the main food for juveniles while sub-adults and adults primarily consumed Chironomidae larvae and Tubificidae. In LH, sub-adults and adults of the two species significantly differed in their diet compositions while juveniles showed similar diets. In PH and SH, however, there was no evidence for food partitioning between species at all the three life-history stages. R. Cliffordpopei and R. Giurinus showed temporal niche partitioning as they exhibited different onsets of spawning and peaks of spawning seasons, and thus different growth and population dynamics, though both of them are short-lived species with a life span of about one year. R. Cliffordpopei spawned from February to June with a spawning peak occurring in March and April. Spawning activity of R. Giurinus occurred from April to August with a peak activity during May and June. These differences resulted in a temporal partitioning for similar-sized cohorts, especially for small-sized larvae and juveniles, which were almost exclusively zooplanktivorous and exploited the same food resources in the lake. Moreover, their different spawning cycles led to different peak seasons for the highest population density of the two species. However, the diel activity (locomotory activity) and feeding rhythm varied slightly between them, i. E. Both species showed two peaks of activity (6:00 - 10:00 and 18:00 - 22:00) and two main feeding periods (6:00 - 10:00 and 18:00 - 22:00) in the four seasons. Moreover, our study provides a full understanding of habitat selection and life-history characteristics (i. E. Growth pattern, reproduction biology and population dynamic) of the two invasive gobies. These findings are crucial biological aspects for an economically and ecologically effective control programs to the two abundant pest species. The further management programs are highly recommended to give a careful consideration of these findings. Therefore, several specific remediation is suggested to improve the current management strategies from the perspective of cost-efficiency
Calenge, Clément. "Des outils statistiques pour l'analyse des semis de points dans l'espace écologique." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10264.
Full textFletcher, David. "Biological invasion risk assessment, considering adaptation at multiple scales : the case of topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG029/document.
Full textIn this thesis I set out to quantify the risk of invasion from the invasive freshwater fish, Pseudorasbora parva, at a global extent, using traditional correlative ecological niche modelling approaches with the integration of surrogate data representing introduction likelihood (Chapter I). These correlative approaches rely upon key assumptions relating to the presence or absence of local or regional adaptations, and so I subsequently tested for evidence of such adaptations in genetic lineages and in individual populations. This was achieved through analyzing climatic niche differentiation of key genetic lineages in the native and invasive ranges (Chapter II) and by conducting lab experiments comparing thermal responses of important life history traits in populations from contrasting climates (Chapter III). The initial risk assessment did not account for a key factor in invasions; namely, natural dispersal. Natural dispersal has been observed to be subject to selection in vanguard populations of invasive species, and adaptation of dispersal traits can infer additional invasive vigor, allowing the species to spread across the landscape quicker. For this reason, I quantified dispersal, activity and morphological differences, often associated with differential dispersal ability, in populations along a distance-gradient from an invasion front, in order to identify if P. parva is capable of such adaptations.The initial risk mapping study showed that large areas, beyond the current distribution of the species, are climatically suitable. These areas are mainly in North and South America, Australia and New Zealand, and constitute significant scope for spread and impact of this species. When introduction likelihood was included, N. America appears most at risk. I found no evidence to suggest that native genetic lineages represented local adaptations to their respective native climates - there was little or no differentiation of the lineages’ climatic niches in the invasive range. It was also apparent, from the niche comparisons, that the climatic niche in the invaded range constituted a significant shift, compared to the native range. The thermal responses of P. parva life history traits did not differ significantly between populations from a strongly seasonal continental climate and a mild temperate maritime climate. The overall reproductive output of females did not vary according to breeding season temperature, however, temporal reproductive strategy showed a strong response, with lower temperatures inducing a protracted breeding season and higher temperatures inducing rapid and intense reproductive output. The dispersal and morphology-related study identified a strong gradient of morphological change, corresponding with distance from invasion front. This demonstrates a high degree of plasticity in P. parva’s morphology in an invasion context, however this was not linked to either dispersal or activity levels, neither of which was significantly linked to distance from invasion front. Dispersal was best explained by body size, with larger fish more likely to disperse further.Whilst I found no evidence to suggest that the model predictions (Chapter I) were hampered by differentiation at either lineage or population levels, the findings of Chapter II do highlight the uncertainties surrounding the degree of conservatism in such predictions, mainly owing to the fact that past, native, distribution did not accurately predict the current invaded distribution. The results of Chapters II-IV show broad tolerances and great plasticity in P. parva, which likely underpin this species success as a pan-continental invader. The knowledge produced in this thesis provides a useful new resource for the development of management strategies for P. parva and could be usefully enhanced by the additional of analogous studies on native populations, which could help elucidate the source of the observed plasticity
Monnet, Anne-Christine. "Apport des modèles de niche aux translocations d'espèces : cas du renforcement de populations d'Outarde houbara." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066655/document.
Full textEcological niche models (ENM) are widely used to predict the current and future distribution of species. They could be used as complementary tools to assess the niche suitability of potential release areas, a key parameter for improving success in conservation translocation. Yet, ENM are still rarely applied and general evidence about the benefit of these models in translocation is still lacking. We focused our research on reinforcement programs of two species of Houbara Bustard, the sedentary North African species (Chlamydotis undulata undulata) and the migratory Asian species (C. macqueenii). Through the extensive monitoring of remnant wild populations and captive-born released individuals over a large proportion of their distribution range, these programs provide an ideal study framework to address complex questions regarding the relevancy of ENM in translocation conservation. First, we linked individual survival, a crucial component of population dynamics, to niche suitability. Then, we performed an experimental release and monitoring of 180 individuals along a gradient of habitat suitability as predicted by ENM to test the effect of release site suitability on survival of captive-born individuals. We then tested if released houbaras use the same ecological niche than wild houbaras, as a validation step to support the subsequent use of niche modelling. Finally, we discussed the implications of global change for ongoing translocation programs of Houbara Bustard. Empirical approaches linking habitat suitability with demographic processes provide a step towards a better understanding of the relevance of ENM for conservation translocations in changing environments
Boisteau, Benjamin. "Rôle de la structure du paysage dans la distribution spatiale et la régulation des colonies de reproduction du Héron cendré (Ardea cinerea) et modélisation de son expansion future." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S037.
Full textBooks on the topic "Niche écologique"
Les niches écologiques des arbres, arbustes et conifères. Boucherville, Québec: Bertrand Dumont éditeur, 2005.
Find full textNiche modeling: Predictions from statistical distributions. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2007.
Find full textMessenger, Seth. Niche écologique: Nouvelle de Science-Fiction. Independently Published, 2019.
Find full textChase, Jonathan M., and Mathew A. Leibold. Ecological Niches: Linking Classical and Contemporary Approaches. University of Chicago Press, 2014.
Find full textEcological Niches: Linking Classical and Contemporary Approaches (Interspecific Interactions). University Of Chicago Press, 2003.
Find full textLevins, Richard. Evolution in Changing Environments: Some Theoretical Explorations. Princeton University Press, 2020.
Find full textMad Travelers: Reflections on the Reality of Transient Mental Illnesses. Harvard University Press, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Niche écologique"
Appell, Geneviève, Élisabeth Scheurer, and Nicole Simon-Bogaers. "7. La niche écologique, base de socialisation." In Les premières années de Bébé, 208–43. Érès, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/eres.appel.2020.01.0208.
Full textERIKSSON, Ove, and Karl-Johan LINDHOLM. "Construction de niche et stratégies des premiers colons dans le centre de la Scandinavie." In Écologie historique, 217–29. ISTE Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9090.ch16.
Full textPocheville, Arnaud. "Chapitre 26. La niche écologique : histoire et controverses récentes." In Les mondes darwiniens. Volume 2, 793. Editions Matériologiques, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/edmat.heams.2011.02.0793.
Full textPIVA, Frank, and Marie-Bénédicte ROMOND. "Bifidobactéries : de la bactérie commensale aux probiotiques et métabiotiques/postbiotiques." In Mise en oeuvre des procédés enzymatiques et des bactéries lactiques dans les industries agro-alimentaires, 189–225. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9137.ch8.
Full textCHARBONNIER, Sylvain, and Marie-Béatrice FOREL. "Les crustacés fossiles à la lumière des nouvelles technologies." In Les collections naturalistes dans la science du XXIe siècle, 101–13. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9049.ch7.
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