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Journal articles on the topic 'Nicotine degradation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Yu, Hao, Hongzhi Tang, Xiongyu Zhu, Yangyang Li, and Ping Xu. "Molecular Mechanism of Nicotine Degradation by a Newly Isolated Strain, Ochrobactrum sp. Strain SJY1." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 1 (2014): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02265-14.

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ABSTRACTA newly isolated strain, SJY1, identified asOchrobactrumsp., utilizes nicotine as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. Strain SJY1 could efficiently degrade nicotine via a variant of the pyridine and pyrrolidine pathways (the VPP pathway), which highlights bacterial metabolic diversity in relation to nicotine degradation. A 97-kbp DNA fragment containing six nicotine degradation-related genes was obtained by gap closing from the genome sequence of strain SJY1. Three genes, designatedvppB,vppD, andvppE, in the VPP pathway were cloned and heterologously expressed, and the relat

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2

Qiu, Jiguo, Yun Ma, Jing Zhang, Yuezhong Wen, and Weiping Liu. "Cloning of a Novel Nicotine Oxidase Gene from Pseudomonas sp. Strain HZN6 Whose Product Nonenantioselectively Degrades Nicotine to Pseudooxynicotine." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 7 (2013): 2164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03824-12.

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ABSTRACTPseudomonassp. strain HZN6 utilizes nicotine as its sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. However, its catabolic mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, self-formed adaptor PCR was performed to amplify the upstream sequence of the pseudooxynicotine amine oxidase gene. A 1,437-bp open reading frame (designatednox) was found to encode a nicotine oxidase (NOX) that shows 30% amino acid sequence identity with 6-hydroxy-l-nicotine oxidase fromArthrobacter nicotinovorans. Thenoxgene was cloned into a broad-host-range cloning vector and transferred into the non-nicotine-degra

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3

Lapner, K. N., C. J. Montpetit, and S. F. Perry. "Desensitisation of chromaffin cell nicotinic receptors does not impede catecholamine secretion during acute hypoxia in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 10 (2000): 1589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.10.1589.

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Experiments were performed on adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in vivo using chronically cannulated fish and in situ using a perfused posterior cardinal vein preparation (i) to characterise the desensitisation of chromaffin cell nicotinic receptors and (ii) to assess the ability of fish to secrete catecholamines during acute hypoxia with or without functional nicotinic receptors. Intra-arterial injection of nicotine (6.0×10(−)(7)mol kg(−)(1)) caused a rapid increase in plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline levels; the magnitude of this response was unaffected by an injection of nicotine

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4

Eberhardt, HJ. "The Biological Degradation of Nicotine by Nicotinophilic Microorganisms." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 16, no. 3 (1995): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0638.

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AbstractVarious microorganisms are capable of breaking down tobacco alkaloids by different biochemical processes and possess characteristic enzymatic systems for the catabolism of nicotine. Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas and the fungus Cunninghamellaechinulata degrade nicotine via N-methylmyosmine and pseudooxynicotine which is linked to the opening of the pyrrolidine ring (pyrrolidine pathway), whereas Arthrobacteroxidanshydroxylates the pyridine ring in the 6-position. 6-hydroxynicotine is produced as a primary product (pyridine pathway). Tobacco plants, and some fungi (e.g. Pelliculariaf

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5

Brandsch, Roderich. "Microbiology and biochemistry of nicotine degradation." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 69, no. 5 (2005): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-005-0226-0.

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6

Qiu, Jiguo, Yin Wei, Yun Ma, Rongti Wen, Yuezhong Wen, and Weiping Liu. "A Novel (S)-6-Hydroxynicotine Oxidase Gene from Shinella sp. Strain HZN7." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 18 (2014): 5552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01312-14.

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ABSTRACTNicotine is an important environmental toxicant in tobacco waste.Shinellasp. strain HZN7 can metabolize nicotine into nontoxic compounds via variations of the pyridine and pyrrolidine pathways. However, the catabolic mechanism of this variant pathway at the gene or enzyme level is still unknown. In this study, two 6-hydroxynicotine degradation-deficient mutants, N7-M9 and N7-W3, were generated by transposon mutagenesis. The corresponding mutant genes, designatednctBandtnp2, were cloned and analyzed. ThenctBgene encodes a novel flavin adenine dinucleotide-containing (S)-6-hydroxynicotin

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7

Tang, Hongzhi, Lijuan Wang, Xiangzhou Meng, et al. "Novel Nicotine Oxidoreductase-Encoding Gene Involved in Nicotine Degradation by Pseudomonas putida Strain S16." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 3 (2008): 772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02300-08.

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ABSTRACT There are quite a few ongoing biochemical investigations of nicotine degradation in different organisms. In this work, we identified and sequenced a gene (designated nicA) involved in nicotine degradation by Pseudomonas putida strain S16. The gene product, NicA, was heterologously expressed and characterized as a nicotine oxidoreductase catalyzing the initial steps of nicotine metabolism. Biochemical analyses using resting cells and the purified enzyme suggested that nicA encodes an oxidoreductase, which converts nicotine to 3-succinoylpyridine through pseudooxynicotine. Based on enzy

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8

Gurusamy, Raman, and Sakthivel Natarajan. "Current Status on Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Microbial Degradation of Nicotine." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/125385.

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Bioremediation is one of the most promising methods to clean up polluted environments using highly efficient potent microbes. Microbes with specific enzymes and biochemical pathways are capable of degrading the tobacco alkaloids including highly toxic heterocyclic compound, nicotine. After the metabolic conversion, these nicotinophilic microbes use nicotine as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source for their growth. Various nicotine degradation pathways such as demethylation pathway in fungi, pyridine pathway in Gram-positive bacteria, pyrrolidine pathway, and variant of pyridine and pyr

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9

Wang, Meizhen, Guiqin Yang, Hang Min, and Zhenmei Lv. "A novel nicotine catabolic plasmid pMH1 in Pseudomonas sp. strain HF-1." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 3 (2009): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-135.

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Attempts were made to acquire a plasmid-loss mutant via various methods (spontaneous mutation, SDS, and mitomycin C), among which the method involving mitomycin C (10 µg/mL) has been proven successful. Concomitant with the loss of the plasmid in Pseudomonas sp. strain HF-1, the cured derivative was identified as having a nicotine-negative (Nic–) phenotype, named mutant strain 6-13 (Nic–). After plasmids were transferred from strain HF-1 (named plasmid pMH1) to the mutant strain 6-13, the mutant strain acquired nicotine-degrading ability, called 6-13 transformant (Nic+). There were no differenc

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10

Liu, Yuan, Dongying Wu, Fanglong Song, et al. "Activation of a7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Prevents Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 35, no. 2 (2015): 627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000369724.

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Background/Aims: Although some evidence suggests that the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) is lower in smokers compared to nonsmokers, the mechanisms of nicotine-induced protection remain unclear. Stimulation of the a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (a7-nAChR) appears to be a critical mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory potential of cholinergic agonists in immune cells. The inhibition of secreted inflammatory molecules and the subsequent inflammatory processes have been proposed as a novel strategy for the treatment of OA. The objective of the present study was to determine whether n

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11

Ganas, Petra, and Roderich Brandsch. "Uptake of l-nicotine and of 6-hydroxy-l-nicotine by Arthrobacter nicotinovorans and by Escherichia coli is mediated by facilitated diffusion and not by passive diffusion or active transport." Microbiology 155, no. 6 (2009): 1866–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.028688-0.

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The mechanism by which l-nicotine is taken up by bacteria that are able to grow on it is unknown. Nicotine degradation by Arthrobacter nicotinovorans, a Gram-positive soil bacterium, is linked to the presence of the catabolic megaplasmid pAO1. l-[14C]Nicotine uptake assays with A. nicotinovorans showed transport of nicotine across the cell membrane to be energy-independent and saturable with a K m of 6.2±0.1 μM and a V max of 0.70±0.08 μmol min−1 (mg protein)−1. This is in accord with a mechanism of facilitated diffusion, driven by the nicotine concentration gradient. Nicotine uptake was coupl

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12

Shen, Dong-sheng, Li-jia Wang, Hong-zhen He, and Mei-zhen Wang. "Effect of Transient Nicotine Load Shock on the Performance ofPseudomonassp. HF-1 Bioaugmented Sequencing Batch Reactors." Journal of Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4982395.

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Bioaugmentation with degrading bacteria can improve the treatment of nicotine-containing tobacco industrial wastewater effectively. However, the transient and extremely high feeding of pollutants may compromise the effectiveness of the bioaugmented reactors. The effect of transient nicotine shock loads on the performance ofPseudomonassp. HF-1 bioaugmented SBRs were studied. The results showed that, under 500–2500 mg/L of transient nicotine shocks, all the reactors still could realize 100% of nicotine degradation in 4 days of recovery, while the key nicotine degradation enzyme HSP hydroxylase i

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13

Mesnard, François, Sandrine Girard, Ophélie Fliniaux, et al. "Chiral specificity of the degradation of nicotine by Nicotiana plumbaginifolia cell suspension cultures." Plant Science 161, no. 5 (2001): 1011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9452(01)00509-x.

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14

Yu, Hao, Hongzhi Tang, Yangyang Li, and Ping Xu. "Molybdenum-Containing Nicotine Hydroxylase Genes in a Nicotine Degradation Pathway That Is a Variant of the Pyridine and Pyrrolidine Pathways." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 24 (2015): 8330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02253-15.

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ABSTRACTOchrobactrumsp. strain SJY1 utilizes nicotine as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy via a variant of the pyridine and pyrrolidine pathways (the VPP pathway). Several strains and genes involved in the VPP pathway have recently been reported; however, the first catalyzing step for enzymatic turnover of nicotine is still unclear. In this study, a nicotine hydroxylase for the initial hydroxylation step of nicotine degradation was identified and characterized. The nicotine hydroxylase (VppA), which converts nicotine to 6-hydroxynicotine in the strain SJY1, is encoded by two open

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15

Lee, Ho-Jae, Sung-Ho Hur, Eui-Cheol Shin, and Yang-Bong Lee. "Antioxidant and Nicotine Degradation Effects of Medicinal Herbs." Preventive Nutrition and Food Science 8, no. 3 (2003): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jfn.2003.8.3.289.

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16

Dickerson, Tobin J., Noboru Yamamoto, and Kim D. Janda. "Antibody-catalyzed oxidative degradation of nicotine using riboflavin." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 12, no. 18 (2004): 4981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.006.

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17

Maiti, Moumita, Manas Sarkar, and Donghong Liu. "Mechanism of nicotine degradation and adsorption by a nano-TiO2 engineered reduced graphene oxide composite in light variant conditions." Catalysis Science & Technology 10, no. 9 (2020): 2797–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cy00073f.

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Excellent nicotine degradation was demonstrated by the rGO–TiO<sub>2</sub> nanohybrid due to ROS generation under UV irradiation as well as nicotine adsorption on defective carbon rings of the rGO–TiO<sub>2</sub> nanohybrid in visible light.

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18

Tang, Hongzhi, Shuning Wang, Lanying Ma, et al. "A Novel Gene, Encoding 6-Hydroxy-3-Succinoylpyridine Hydroxylase, Involved in Nicotine Degradation by Pseudomonas putida Strain S16." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 5 (2008): 1567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02529-07.

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ABSTRACT Previous research suggested that Pseudomonas spp. may attack the pyrrolidine ring of nicotine in a way similar to mammalian metabolism, resulting in the formation of pseudooxynicotine, the direct precursor of a potent tobacco-specific lung carcinogen. In addition, the subsequent intermediates, 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine (HSP) and 2,5-dihydroxypyridine (DHP) in the Pseudomonas nicotine degradation pathway are two important precursors for drug syntheses. However, there is little information on the molecular mechanism for nicotine degradation via the pyrrolidine pathway until now. In

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19

Bansal, Mahima, Manisha Sharma, Chris Bullen, and Darren Svirskis. "A Stability Indicating HPLC Method to Determine Actual Content and Stability of Nicotine within Electronic Cigarette Liquids." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (2018): 1737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081737.

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(1) Background: Despite the growing use of e-cigarettes, in most countries, there is no regulation covering manufacturing standards of the solution (‘e-liquid’), leading to concerns over the accuracy of labelling and stability of the products under a range of conditions. Following the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requirements for manufacture of e-liquids, we aimed to develop a simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to determine nicotine content in nicotine-containing e-liquids, even in the presence of degradation products; (2) Methods: We developed

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20

Li, Huili, Kebo Xie, Wenjun Yu, et al. "Nicotine Dehydrogenase Complexed with 6-Hydroxypseudooxynicotine Oxidase Involved in the Hybrid Nicotine-Degrading Pathway in Agrobacterium tumefaciens S33." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 6 (2016): 1745–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03909-15.

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ABSTRACTNicotine, a major toxic alkaloid in tobacco wastes, is degraded by bacteria, mainly via pyridine and pyrrolidine pathways. Previously, we discovered a new hybrid of the pyridine and pyrrolidine pathways inAgrobacterium tumefaciensS33 and characterized its key enzyme 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine (HSP) hydroxylase. Here, we purified the nicotine dehydrogenase initializing the nicotine degradation from the strain and found that it forms a complex with a novel 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine oxidase. The purified complex is composed of three different subunits encoded byndhABandpno, wherendhAa

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21

Fitzpatrick, Paul F. "The enzymes of microbial nicotine metabolism." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 14 (August 31, 2018): 2295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.14.204.

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Because of nicotine’s toxicity and the high levels found in tobacco and in the waste from tobacco processing, there is a great deal of interest in identifying bacteria capable of degrading it. A number of microbial pathways have been identified for nicotine degradation. The first and best-understood is the pyridine pathway, best characterized forArthrobacter nicotinovorans, in which the first reaction is hydroxylation of the pyridine ring. The pyrrolidine pathway, which begins with oxidation of a carbon–nitrogen bond in the pyrrolidine ring, was subsequently characterized in a number of pseudo

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22

Kugo, Hirona, Nobuhiro Zaima, Megumi Onozato, et al. "Suppressive effects of dietary EPA-rich fish oil on the degradation of elastin fibers in the aortic wall in nicotine-administered mice." Food & Function 8, no. 8 (2017): 2829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fo00553a.

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23

Huang, Chong, Xiong Guo, Huishou Zhao, et al. "Nicotine induces H9C2 cell apoptosis via Akt protein degradation." Molecular Medicine Reports 16, no. 5 (2017): 6269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7331.

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24

Qiu, Jiguo, Meng Liu, Rongti Wen, Dou Zhang, and Jun Hong. "Regulators essential for nicotine degradation in Shinella sp. HZN7." Process Biochemistry 50, no. 11 (2015): 1947–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2015.07.013.

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25

Lempart, Anna, Edyta Kudlek, and Mariusz Dudziak. "Studies on the nicotine degradation in swimming pool water." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 199 (2020): 406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.26278.

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26

Kumar, Pradeep, Yahya Choonara, Lisa du Toit, Neha Singh, and Viness Pillay. "In Vitro and In Silico Analyses of Nicotine Release from a Gelisphere-Loaded Compressed Polymeric Matrix for Potential Parkinson’s Disease Interventions." Pharmaceutics 10, no. 4 (2018): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040233.

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This study aimed to develop a prolonged-release device for the potential site-specific delivery of a neuroprotective agent (nicotine). The device was formulated as a novel reinforced crosslinked composite polymeric system with the potential for intrastriatal implantation in Parkinson’s disease interventions. Polymers with biocompatible and bioerodible characteristics were selected to incorporate nicotine within electrolyte-crosslinked alginate-hydroxyethylcellulose gelispheres compressed within a release rate-modulating external polymeric matrix, comprising either hydroxypropylmethylcellulose

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27

Avagyan, Rozanna, Maya Spasova, and Johan Lindholm. "Determination of Nicotine-Related Impurities in Nicotine Pouches and Tobacco-Containing Products by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Separations 8, no. 6 (2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations8060077.

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Smokeless tobacco products and nicotine-containing tobacco-free oral pouches have increased in popularity in recent years. They are associated with far fewer health hazards compared to cigarettes. Nicotine pouches are filled with non-tobacco filler and nicotine. The nicotine used in nicotine pouches usually comes from the extraction of tobacco; thus, related alkaloids may be found as impurities at low levels. Moreover, nicotine degradation products are formed because of microbial action, flavor oxidation, exposure to high temperatures etc. Currently, there are no published or recommended metho

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28

Wang, Shuning, Haiyan Huang, Kebo Xie, and Ping Xu. "Identification of nicotine biotransformation intermediates by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain S33 suggests a novel nicotine degradation pathway." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 95, no. 6 (2012): 1567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4007-2.

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Hu, Chun Fang, Xiao Yan Liao, Dan Dan Xu, Yi Bin Ruan, and Feng Guang Gao. "K48-Linked Ubiquitination Contributes to Nicotine-Augmented Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic-Cell-Mediated Adaptive Immunity." Vaccines 9, no. 3 (2021): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030278.

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K48-linked ubiquitination determining antigen degradation and the endosomal recruitments of p97 and Sec61 plays vital roles in dendritic cell (DC) cross-presentation. Our previous studies revealed that nicotine treatment increases bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (BM-DC) cross-presentation and promotes BM-DC-based cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) priming. But the effect of nicotine on K48-linked ubiquitination and the mechanism of nicotine-increased BM-DC cross-presentation are still uncertain. In this study, we first demonstrated that ex vivo nicotine administration obviously increased K48-link

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30

Wang, Lei, Xia Mu, Wenjin Li, et al. "Structural, Mechanistic, and Functional Insights into an Arthrobacter nicotinovorans Molybdenum Hydroxylase Involved in Nicotine Degradation." Molecules 26, no. 14 (2021): 4387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144387.

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Arthrobacter nicotinovorans decomposes nicotine through the pyridine pathway. 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine 2-oxidoreductase (also named ketone dehydrogenase, Kdh) is an important enzyme in nicotine degradation pathway of A. nicotinovorans, and is responsible for the second hydroxylation of nicotine. Kdh belongs to the molybdenum hydroxylase family, and catalyzes the oxidation of 6-hydroxy-pseudooxynicotine (6-HPON) to 2,6-dihydroxy-pseudooxynicotine (2,6-DHPON). We determined the crystal structure of the Kdh holoenzyme from A. nicotinovorans, with its three subunits KdhL, KdhM, and KdhS, and the

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31

Havermans, Anne, Elke Pieper, Frank Henkler-Stephani, and Reinskje Talhout. "Feasibility of Manufacturing Tobacco with Very Low Nicotine Levels." Tobacco Regulatory Science 6, no. 6 (2020): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.6.6.4.

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Objective: In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural approaches and manufacturing techniques that can be applied to reduce nicotine content of tobacco to minimally addictive levels (< 0.4 mg/g). Methods: Using a semi-structured approach, we searched scientific and grey literature including patents and internal industry documents, using keywords like tobacco, nicotine, alkaloids, denic(otinized) tobacco, reduced nicotine content, very low nicotine tobacco. Results: Nicotine can be reduced via genetic modification or traditional breeding techniques. Contents and emissions a

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El-Kosasy, Amira M., Lobna A. Hussein, Nahla N. Salama, and Nehal G. Sedki. "Kinetic study and peak purity determination of bupropion hydrochloride using RRLC/DAD and HPLC/MWD methods: stability study and application in pharmaceutical preparation and in synthetic mixtures with nicotine." RSC Advances 5, no. 79 (2015): 64274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07716h.

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Ge, Xin, Ying-Feng Liu, Yong Wong, et al. "Impact of nicotine on the interplay between human periodontal ligament cells and CD4+ T cells." Human & Experimental Toxicology 35, no. 9 (2016): 983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327115614383.

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Periodontitis is a common infectious disease associated with destruction of periodontal ligaments and alveolar bones. CD4+ T cell-mediated immune response is involved in the progression of periodontitis. Tobacco consumption increases the risk of periodontal disease. However, the impact of nicotine on the interaction between human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and CD4+ T cells remains unrevealed. Our study aims to investigate the effect of nicotine on PDL cells and the cocultured CD4+ T cells. The PDL cell cultures were established by explants from healthy individuals, exposed to nicotine or

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Zhang, Kunzhi, Geng Wu, Hongzhi Tang, Chuanming Hu, Ting Shi, and Ping Xu. "Structural basis for the transcriptional repressor NicR2 in nicotine degradation fromPseudomonas." Molecular Microbiology 103, no. 1 (2016): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mmi.13548.

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Tang, Hongzhi, Lijuan Wang, Weiwei Wang, et al. "Systematic Unraveling of the Unsolved Pathway of Nicotine Degradation in Pseudomonas." PLoS Genetics 9, no. 10 (2013): e1003923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003923.

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Igloi, Gabor L., and Roderich Brandsch. "Sequence of the 165-Kilobase Catabolic Plasmid pAO1 from Arthrobacter nicotinovorans and Identification of a pAO1-Dependent Nicotine Uptake System." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 6 (2003): 1976–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.6.1976-1986.2003.

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ABSTRACT The 165-kb catabolic plasmid pAO1 enables the gram-positive soil bacterium Arthrobacter nicotinovorans to grow on the tobacco alkaloid l-nicotine. The 165,137-nucleotide sequence, with an overall G+C content of 59.7%, revealed, besides genes and open reading frames (ORFs) for nicotine degradation, a complete set of ORFs for enzymes essential for the biosynthesis of the molybdenum dinucleotide cofactor, as well as ORFs related to uptake and utilization of carbohydrates, sarcosine, and amino acids. Of the 165 ORFs, approximately 50% were related to metabolic functions. pAO1 conferred to

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37

Qiu, Jiguo, Yun Ma, Yuezhong Wen, Liansheng Chen, Lifei Wu, and Weiping Liu. "Functional Identification of Two Novel Genes from Pseudomonas sp. Strain HZN6 Involved in the Catabolism of Nicotine." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 7 (2012): 2154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07025-11.

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ABSTRACTNicotine is a natural alkaloid produced by tobacco plants, and the mechanisms of its catabolism by microorganisms are diverse. In the present study, we reported the mutation, cloning, and identification of two novel genes involved in nicotine degradation from the newly isolatedPseudomonassp. strain HZN6. Transposon mutagenesis identified a HZN6 mutant in which the nicotine-degrading pathway was blocked at pseudooxynicotine. A 3,874-bp DNA fragment flanking the transposon insertion site was obtained through self-formed adaptor PCR. Two open reading frames (designatedpaoandsap) were anal

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Buczynski, Matthew W., Melissa A. Herman, Ku-Lung Hsu, et al. "Diacylglycerol lipase disinhibits VTA dopamine neurons during chronic nicotine exposure." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 4 (2016): 1086–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1522672113.

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Chronic nicotine exposure (CNE) alters synaptic transmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in a manner that enhances dopaminergic signaling and promotes nicotine use. The present experiments identify a correlation between enhanced production of the endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and diminished release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in the VTA following CNE. To study the functional role of on-demand 2-AG signaling in GABAergic synapses, we used 1,2,3-triazole urea compounds to selectively inhibit 2-AG biosynthesis by diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL). The potency

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Le, Hoang-Thanh, Nya L. Fraleigh, Jordan D. Lewicky, et al. "Enhancing the Immune Response of a Nicotine Vaccine with Synthetic Small “Non-Natural” Peptides." Molecules 25, no. 6 (2020): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061290.

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The addictive nature of nicotine is likely the most significant reason for the continued prevalence of tobacco smoking despite the widespread reports of its negative health effects. Nicotine vaccines are an alternative to the currently available smoking cessation treatments, which have limited efficacy. However, the nicotine hapten is non-immunogenic, and successful vaccine formulations to treat nicotine addiction require both effective adjuvants and delivery systems. The immunomodulatory properties of short, non-natural peptide sequences not found in human systems and their ability to improve

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Gu, Zhizhan, Vera Fonseca, and Chi-Ming Hai. "Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediates nicotine-induced actin cytoskeletal remodeling and extracellular matrix degradation by vascular smooth muscle cells." Vascular Pharmacology 58, no. 1-2 (2013): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2012.08.003.

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Kane, Justin K., Özlen Konu, Jennie Z. Ma, and Ming D. Li. "Nicotine coregulates multiple pathways involved in protein modification/degradation in rat brain." Molecular Brain Research 132, no. 2 (2004): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molbrainres.2004.09.010.

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Tušek, Kristina, Ivana Buntak, Jaseka Gajdoš Kljusurić, and Ana Jurinjak Tušek. "Gender specific differences of the ethanol and nicotine toxicity verified by the use of mathematical models." Croatian journal of food science and technology 11, no. 1 (2019): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2019.11.1.11.

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Beside the pandemic of obesity, the binge drinking becomes a huge problem. The toxicity of consuming alcohol and smoking in the late adolescent population was examined using mathematical models. The body was divided into compartments for two different models; (i) the ethanol model (4 compartments: central compartment, muscle and fat compartment, liver compartment and gastrointestinal compartment) and (ii) the nicotine model (2 compartments: liver compartment and central compartment). Different alcohol contents simulated consumptions of 90 mL of spirits; 900 mL of beer or 600 mL of wine. Nicoti

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Baitsch, Daniel, Cristinel Sandu, Roderich Brandsch, and Gabor L. Igloi. "Gene Cluster on pAO1 of Arthrobacter nicotinovorans Involved in Degradation of the Plant Alkaloid Nicotine: Cloning, Purification, and Characterization of 2,6-Dihydroxypyridine 3-Hydroxylase." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 18 (2001): 5262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.18.5262-5267.2001.

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ABSTRACT A 27,690-bp gene cluster involved in the degradation of the plant alkaloid nicotine was characterized from the plasmid pAO1 ofArthrobacter nicotinovorans. The genes of the heterotrimeric, molybdopterin cofactor (MoCo)-, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-, and [Fe-S] cluster-dependent 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine (ketone) dehydrogenase (KDH) were identified within this cluster. The gene of the large MoCo subunit of KDH was located 4,266 bp from the FAD and [Fe-S] cluster subunit genes. Deduced functions of proteins encoded by open reading frames (ORFs) of the cluster were correlated to i

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Chiribau, Calin B., Cristinel Sandu, Gabor L. Igloi, and Roderich Brandsch. "Characterization of PmfR, the Transcriptional Activator of the pAO1-Borne purU-mabO-folD Operon of Arthrobacter nicotinovorans." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 9 (2005): 3062–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.9.3062-3070.2005.

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ABSTRACT Nicotine catabolism by Arthrobacter nicotinovorans is linked to the presence of the megaplasmid pAO1. Genes involved in this catabolic pathway are arranged on the plasmid into gene modules according to function. During nicotine degradation γ-N-methylaminobutyrate is formed from the pyrrolidine ring of nicotine. Analysis of the pAO1 open reading frames (ORF) resulted in identification of the gene encoding a demethylating γ-N-methylaminobutyrate oxidase (mabO). This gene was shown to form an operon with purU- and folD-like genes. Only in bacteria grown in the presence of nicotine could

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Nagel, Matthias, Kerstin Koenig, and Jan R. Andreesen. "Bactopterin as component of eubacterial dehydrogenases involved in hydroxylation reactions initiating the degradation of nicotine, nicotinate, and 2-furancarboxylate." FEMS Microbiology Letters 60, no. 3 (1989): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03494.x.

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Lee, Ho-Jae, and Jae-Hwan Lee. "Effects of Medicinal Herb Tea on the Smoking Cessation and Reducing Smoking Withdrawal Symptoms." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 33, no. 01 (2005): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x05002722.

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Medicinal herbs (21 species) were screened for the antioxidant activity and nicotine degradation activity (NDA) in vitro. Eleven of them with higher antioxidant activity and NDA were selected for preparation of the medicinal herb tea (MHT) and the effects of MHT on smoking cessation and reducing smoking withdrawal symptoms were evaluated in 100 male human smokers. Among these medicinal herbs, Eugenia aromaticum and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge showed the highest antioxidant activity ( IC 50 of 30.0 μg/mL) and NDA (1.81), respectively. MHT showed relatively high antioxidant activity ( IC 50 of

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Zhong, Weihong, Chenjing Zhu, Ming Shu, et al. "Degradation of nicotine in tobacco waste extract by newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. ZUTSKD." Bioresource Technology 101, no. 18 (2010): 6935–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.142.

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Chen, Shi, Shiyi Tan, Shang Yang, et al. "Nicotine induces apoptosis through exacerbation of blocked alveolar macrophage autophagic degradation in silicosis." Toxicology Letters 334 (November 2020): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.09.019.

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Civilini, M. "NICOTINE DECONTAMINATION OF TOBACCO AGRO-INDUSTRIAL WASTE AND ITS DEGRADATION BY MICRO-ORGANISMS." Waste Management & Research 15, no. 4 (1997): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/wmre.1997.0091.

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Civilini, Marcello, Cristina Domenis, Nerina Sebastianutto, and Marco de Bertoldi. "Nicotine Decontamination of Tobacco Agro-Industrial Waste and Its Degradation by Micro-Organisms." Waste Management & Research 15, no. 4 (1997): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9701500403.

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