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1

Davanzo, Riccardo, Lorenzo Monasta, Luca Ronfani, Pierpaolo Brovedani, and Sergio Demarini. "Breastfeeding at NICU Discharge." Journal of Human Lactation 29, no. 3 (July 21, 2012): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334412451055.

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2

Wheeler, Barbara. "Human-Milk Feeding after NICU Discharge." Neonatal Network 28, no. 6 (November 2009): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.28.6.381.

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Purpose:Difficulty with breastfeeding is common, and challenges are particularly pronounced for mothers of ill or preterm infants. This study explores the breastfeeding experiences of mothers of these at-risk infants to determine their breastfeeding patterns and to better understand reasons they prematurely stop breastfeeding and/or human-milk feeding (HMF).Design:A qualitative, longitudinal, descriptive design was used.Sample:The sample consisted of 144 mothers whose preterm or ill infants were cared for in either an NICU or an intermediate care nursery in a large central Canadian city; 112 mothers completed data collection to six weeks after their infants were discharged from the hospital.Main Outcome Variable:The main outcome variable was continued breastfeeding or HMF of formerly ill or preterm infants at one and six weeks after their discharge from the hospital.Results:Of infants who were being fed mother’s milk when discharged from the hospital, 71 percent continued to receive at least some mother’s milk at six weeks after discharge. Mothers reported that their own physical and emotional problems, infant health concerns, and lack of time and support were reasons for discontinuing provision of human milk.
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Ellis, Elaine, Christine Aune, Mario Fierro, Cathleen Robert, Mary Allare, Bradlee Drabant, Amy Kelleher, Christina Sanchez, and Cheryl McDuffie. "Human and Donor Milk Use Post NICU Discharge." Neonatology Today 15, no. 9 (September 20, 2020): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51362/neonatology.today/2020101510314.

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Background: The health benefits of feeding all infants human milk are well established but the use of human milk after infants are discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) remains low. Aims: Our aim was to investigate which infants were receiving human milk at discharge from the NICU and at varying times after discharge and to explore factors that foster or inhibit increasing human milk use in NICU graduates. Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational study and collected data on the use of human milk at hospital discharge and during follow-up visits in five developmental follow-up programs. These follow up programs were in 5 different large cities in 3 different states in the United States. Results: The overall rate of use of any human milk decreased from 841/1,160 (72.5%) at discharge to 233/791 (29.5%) in participants who were followed for >4 and ≤7 months after birth and this trend continued with later follow-up. In a multivariate logistic analysis, the factors found to be independently associated with the use of human milk at follow-up were: use of human milk at discharge (AOR=39.3, 14-162); white race compared to all other races/ethnicity (AOR= 2.97, 2.1-4.2); being reported preterm at birth (<=32 weeks) compared to more mature gestational age infants (AOR= 2.02, 1.4-2.9); and mother having received a breast pump within 12 hours of the birth of her infant (AOR=1.90, 1.2-3). Conclusions: Health care practices within the NICU affect the continued use of human milk after infants are discharged from the hospital. These practices could be enhanced to increase human milk usage in NICU graduates.
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Lehmann, Christoph, Daniel Fabbri, and Michael Temple. "Natural Language Processing for Cohort Discovery in a Discharge Prediction Model for the Neonatal ICU." Applied Clinical Informatics 07, no. 01 (January 2016): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2015-09-ra-0114.

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SummaryDischarging patients from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) can be delayed for non-medical reasons including the procurement of home medical equipment, parental education, and the need for children’s services. We previously created a model to identify patients that will be medically ready for discharge in the subsequent 2–10 days. In this study we use Natural Language Processing to improve upon that model and discern why the model performed poorly on certain patients.We retrospectively examined the text of the Assessment and Plan section from daily progress notes of 4,693 patients (103,206 patient-days) from the NICU of a large, academic children’s hospital. A matrix was constructed using words from NICU notes (single words and bigrams) to train a supervised machine learning algorithm to determine the most important words differentiating poorly performing patients compared to well performing patients in our original discharge prediction model.NLP using a bag of words (BOW) analysis revealed several cohorts that performed poorly in our original model. These included patients with surgical diagnoses, pulmonary hypertension, retinopathy of prematurity, and psychosocial issues.The BOW approach aided in cohort discovery and will allow further refinement of our original discharge model prediction. Adequately identifying patients discharged home on g-tube feeds alone could improve the AUC of our original model by 0.02. Additionally, this approach identified social issues as a major cause for delayed discharge.A BOW analysis provides a method to improve and refine our NICU discharge prediction model and could potentially avoid over 900 (0.9%) hospital days.AUC – Area under the Curve, CART -- Classification And Regression Trees, DTD – Days to Dis- charge, GI – Gastrointestinal, LOS – Length of Stay, NICU – Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, NS – Neurosurgery, RF – Random Forest.
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Peters, Taylor, and Cecelia Pompeii-Wolfe. "Nutrition Considerations After NICU Discharge." Pediatric Annals 47, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): e154-e158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/19382359-20180327-02.

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6

Gamblian, Vivian, Deborah J. Hess, and Carole Kenner. "Early discharge from the NICU." Journal of Pediatric Nursing 13, no. 5 (October 1998): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0882-5963(98)80015-8.

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7

Willis, Valerie. "The Relationship Between Hospital Construction and High-Risk Infant Auditory Function at NICU Discharge: A Retrospective Descriptive Cohort Study." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 11, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586717742123.

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Purpose: To describe the difference in auditory function at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge between high-risk infant cases exposed to hospital construction during NICU stay and those not exposed. Background: Noise produced by routine NICU caregiving exceeds recommended intensity. As California hospitals undergo construction to meet seismic safety regulations, vulnerable neonates are potentially exposed to even higher levels of noise. Ramifications are unknown. Methods: Retrospective data-based descriptive cohort design was used to compare high-risk infant auditory function at NICU discharge between hospital construction exposed and unexposed groups. Sample size: N = 540 infant cases (243 construction exposed and 297 unexposed controls). Inclusion criteria: Infant cases born and discharged from the study site NICU in the year 2010 (unexposed) and year 2015 (exposed) and received a newborn hearing screening by automated auditory brainstem evoked response (ABER) prior to discharge with results reported. Infant cases excluded: hearing screen results by ABER unavailable, potentially confounding characteristics (congenital infection, major anomalies including cleft lip and/or palate), and transferred into or out of the study site. Instrumentation: ABER. Analysis: descriptive statistics (SPSS Version 24.0), hypothesis testing, correlation, and logistic regression. Results: The difference in auditory function at NICU discharge between high-risk infant cases exposed to hospital construction noise and those unexposed was statistically insignificant, χ2 = 1.666, df = 4, p = .1968, 95% confidence interval [−0.635, 2.570]. Conclusions: More research is needed to better understand whether hospital construction exposure during NICU admission negatively affects high-risk infant auditory function. Findings may catalyze theory development, future research, and child health policy.
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8

Zahn, Stephanie O., Jennifer H. Tobison, Amanda J. Place, Jamalyn N. Casey, Liz Hess, and Todd Foster. "Impact of a Process Change on Prevalence of Prescribed Unmeasurable Liquid Doses in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 25, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-25.2.96.

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OBJECTIVES Most prescribing through the electronic health record (EHR) in the NICU at St. Vincent Women's Hospital use a weight-based dosing calculator. Prescribers receive no alert if the resulting volume is unmeasurable. Study definition of measurable was a dose volume with a visible hash mark on an appropriately sized oral syringe. The primary objective was to compare the rate of unmeasurable oral liquid doses prescribed at discharge before and after implementation of educational process changes. Secondary objectives assessed patient and discharge medication characteristics in relation to the unmeasurable doses prescribed. METHODS This study was a 2-phase retrospective analysis of patients discharged from the NICU between January 1 and June 30, 2016 (phase I), and between October 1, 2017, and March 31, 2018 (phase II). Patients were included in the analysis if they were discharged on at least 1 oral liquid medication, excluding vitamins. Demographic and discharge medication information was collected. RESULTS There were 58 patients discharged on a total of 118 oral liquid medications in phase I and 63 patients discharged on a total of 111 oral liquid medications in phase II. Following implementation of the process change, the percentage of unmeasurable discharge prescriptions decreased from 27 (23%) to 5 (4.5%) (p &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The educational process change implemented in the NICU effectively reduced the rate of unmeasurable doses prescribed at discharge from 1 in 4 to 1 in 25. Additional system-level changes may result in further reductions.
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Raines, Deborah A. "Preparing for NICU Discharge: Mothers’ Concerns." Neonatal Network 32, no. 6 (2013): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.32.6.399.

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Purpose: To quantify mothers’ concerns in anticipation of their infant’s discharge from the NICUDesign: An exploratory, cross-sectional survey design was used.Sample: A convenience sample of 150 mothersMain Outcome Variable: The focus was the mothers’ concerns about their infant’s impending discharge.Results: The mothers expressed confidence in their ability as a caregiver but expressed concern about being tired, the need for readmission to the hospital, and missing a change in the infant’s conditions.
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Marcin, J. P., and J. Kissee. "Telemedicine Follow-up After NICU Discharge." AAP Grand Rounds 36, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/gr.36-2-21.

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11

Greene, Nathaniel H., Rachel G. Greenberg, Sean M. O'Brien, Alex R. Kemper, Marie Lynn Miranda, Reese H. Clark, and P. Brian Smith. "Variation in Gastrostomy Tube Placement in Premature Infants in the United States." American Journal of Perinatology 36, no. 12 (December 21, 2018): 1243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676591.

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Objective To describe the variation in surgical gastrostomy tube (SGT) placement in premature infants among neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the United States. Study Design We identified 8,781 premature infants discharged from 114 NICUs in the Pediatrix Medical Group from 2010 to 2012. The outcome of interest was SGT placement prior to discharge home from an NICU. Unadjusted proportions and adjusted risk estimates were calculated to quantify variation observed among individual NICUs. Results SGT placement occurred in 360 of 8,781 (4.1%) of infants. Across NICUs, any gastrostomy tube placement ranged from none in 45 NICUs up to 19.6%. Adjusted risk estimates for factors associated with SGT placement included gestational age at birth (odds ratio [OR]: 0.7/week, 95% confidence interval[CI]: [0.65, 0.75]), small for gestational age status (OR: 2.78 [2.09, 3.71]), administration of antenatal steroids (OR: 0.69 [0.52, 0.92]), Hispanic ethnicity (OR: 0.54 [0.37, 0.78]), and higher 5-minute Apgar scores (7–10, OR: 0.54 [0.37, 0.79]). Conclusion Individual NICU center has a strong clinical effect on the probability of SGT placement relative to other medical factors. Future work is needed to understand the cause of this variation and the degree to which it represents over or under use of gastrostomy tubes.
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Burnham, Natasha, Nancy Feeley, and Kathyrn Sherrard. "Parents’ Perceptions Regarding Readiness for Their Infant’s Discharge from the NICU." Neonatal Network 32, no. 5 (2013): 324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.32.5.324.

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Purpose: To identify what parents need to feel ready for the discharge of their infant from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Design: Qualitative.Sample: 20 parents of infants admitted to a Canadian Level III NICU were interviewed (2011–2012) and asked to identify what they require to feel ready for discharge. Interview transcripts underwent qualitative content analysis to produce a descriptive summary of parents’ perceptions of their needs.Results: Parents indicated a need for information and hands-on experience to enhance their readiness for discharge. Observations of their infant and of the NICU environment impacted parents’ perceptions of their infant’s readiness for discharge, which influenced perceptions of their own readiness for discharge. Finally, parents require tailoring of information and experiences to meet the unique needs of their family.
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Govindaswami, Balaji, Matthew Nudelman, Sudha Rani Narasimhan, Angela Huang, Sonya Misra, Gilbert Urquidez, Alganesh Kifle, et al. "Eliminating Risk of Intubation in Very Preterm Infants with Noninvasive Cardiorespiratory Support in the Delivery Room and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit." BioMed Research International 2019 (January 13, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5984305.

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Introduction. Avoiding intubation and promoting noninvasive modes of ventilator support including continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in preterm infants minimizes lung injury and optimizes neonatal outcomes. Discharge home on oxygen is an expensive morbidity in very preterm infants (VPI) with lung disease. In 2007 a standardized bundle was introduced for VPI admitted to the neonatal care unit (NICU) which included delayed cord clamping (DCC) at birth and noninvasive ventilation as first-line cardiorespiratory support in the delivery room (DR), followed by bubble CPAP upon NICU admission. Objective. Our goal was to evaluate the risk of (1) intubation and (2) discharge home on oxygen after adopting this standardized DR bundle in VPI born at a regional perinatal center and treated in the NICU over a ten-year period (2008-2017). Materials and Methods. We compared maternal and neonatal demographics, respiratory care processes and outcomes, as well as neonatal mortality and morbidity in VPI (< 33 weeks gestation) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW, < 1000 g) subgroup for three consecutive epochs: 2008-2010, 2011-2013, and 2014-2017. Results. Of 640 consecutive inborn VPI, 55% were < 1500 g at birth and 23% were ELBW. Constant through all three epochs, DCC occurred in 83% of VPI at birth. There was progressive increase in maternal magnesium during the three epochs and decrease in maternal antibiotics during the last epoch. Over the three epochs, VPI had less risk of DR intubation (23% versus 15% versus 5%), NICU intubation (39% versus 31% versus 18%), and invasive ventilation (37% versus 30% versus 17%), as did ELBW infants. Decrease in postnatal steroid use, antibiotic exposure, and increase in early colostrum exposure occurred over the three epochs both in VPI and in ELBW infants. There was a sustained decrease in surfactant use in the second and third epochs. There was no significant change in mortality or any morbidity in VPI; however, there was a significant decrease in pneumothorax (17% versus 0%) and increase in survival without major morbidity (15% versus 41%) in ELBW infants between 2008-2010 and 2014-2017. Benchmarked risk-adjusted rate for oxygen at discharge in a subgroup of inborn VPI (401-1500 g or 22-31 weeks of gestation) is 2.5% (2013-2017) in our NICU compared with > 8% in all California NICUs and > 10% in all California regional NICUs (2014-2016). Conclusion. Noninvasive strategies in DR and NICU minimize risk of intubation in VPI without adversely affecting other neonatal or respiratory outcomes. Risk-adjusted rates for discharge home on oxygen remained significantly lower for inborn VPI compared with rates at regional NICUs in California. Reducing intubation risk in ELBW infants may confer an advantage for survival without major morbidity. Prenatal magnesium may reduce intubation risk in ELBW infants.
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Discenza, Deb. "NICU Parents’ Top Ten Worries at Discharge." Neonatal Network 28, no. 3 (May 2009): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.28.3.202.

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AN INFANT’S DISCHARGE FROM the NICU creates a flurry of activity on the part of both the parents and the professionals. Though everyone has been planning for this day, its exact timing and requirements often remain elusive until the day comes. So much has happened, and so much more will happen going forward. The parents are often in a tailspin as to how to handle their growing anxiety. Although they rarely verbalize their fears, NICU parents universally experience them.
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Schlittenhart, Jean M. "Discharge Essentials- “The NICU Experience: Going Home”." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 40 (June 2011): S28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011.01242_38.x.

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KAWASHIRO, NOBUKO, NOBUAKI TUCHIHASHI, AKIO ARAKI, KEIJIRO KOGA, YUSHI ITO, and TOSHIO KAWANO. "Hearing loss following discharge from the NICU." Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 97, no. 6 (1994): 1056–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3950/jibiinkoka.97.1056.

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Marshall, Alyssa, Úrsula Guillén, Amy Mackley, and Wendy Sturtz. "Mindfulness Training among Parents with Preterm Neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Pilot Study." American Journal of Perinatology 36, no. 14 (January 31, 2019): 1514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1678557.

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Objective To evaluate the feasibility of a mindfulness-based training session (MBTS) for parents of neonates born at ≤32 weeks' gestation in a level 3 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Study Design Within 14 days of admission, parents completed the Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Questionnaire (PSS:NICU), Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale (CAMS-R), and a survey on stress management techniques. Parents then participated in a MBTS with instruction in mindfulness-based practices and were asked to practice the techniques during the NICU stay. At discharge, parents repeated the surveys to evaluate their mindfulness-based practice experience. Results Of the 98 parents approached, 51 consented to participate (52%). Of these, 28 completed MBTS, initial, and discharge surveys. One parent had previously practiced mindfulness. The majority of parents (79%) reported that mindfulness practice was helpful, and 71% stated that they would continue their practice after NICU discharge. There was no difference in PSS:NICU or CAMS-R at discharge. Conclusion An MBTS was feasible to provide to parents in our NICU. Parents practiced the mindfulness-based techniques and reported benefit from their mindfulness-based practice. Future studies are needed to evaluate if an MBTS is a valuable resource for NICU parents' coping.
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Williams, Molly T., Eli Zimmerman, Megan Barry, Lindsay Trantum, Mary S. Dietrich, Jennifer K. Doersam, and Mohana Karlekar. "A Retrospective Review of Patients With Acute Stroke With and Without Palliative Care Consultations." American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 36, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909118787136.

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Despite advances in stroke care, patients continue to incur significant disability, are at risk for future events, and are inconsistently comanaged with palliative care (PC) specialty teams. The purpose of this study was to review patients with stroke admitted to our institution, comparing patients with and without PC consultation. We retrospectively reviewed medical record data of all patients with stroke admitted to our neurosciences ICU (NICU) in July 2014 to June 2015 with and without PC consultation. Review focused on stroke type, patient demographics, median days to discharge and death, and posthospitalization discharge. Of 463 patients admitted to the NICU with a stroke diagnosis, 27% (125/463) had (PC) consultation. A higher percentage of the patients with PC consult presented with hemorrhagic stroke than those without PC consult (38% vs 21%, P < .001). Patients with PC consult had longer median days to discharge and death ( P < .001) and a higher percentage of mortality (32% vs 11%). Of the 301 patients without PC consult who discharged (89.1%), 36.5% discharged to inpatient rehab while 10% discharged to a skilled nursing facility. In comparison, of the patients with PC consultation who discharged alive (41.1%), 15.7% discharged to inpatient rehab whereas 39% discharged to skilled nursing ( P < .001). The uncertainty of which patients with stroke benefit most from specialty PC is highlighted in that although sicker patients are referred to PC, a substantial portion (41%) of these patients discharge alive, of which 39.2% discharged to skilled nursing. Future research should focus on which patients with stroke would benefit from specialty PC.
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Ronan, Susan, Penny Liberatos, Sarah Weingarten, Princess Wells, Jessica Garry, Kathryn O’Brien, Sarah Parker-Bozzuto, Stacy L. Schultz, and Tracy Nevid. "Development of Home Educational Materials for Families of Preterm Infants." Neonatal Network 34, no. 2 (2015): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.34.2.102.

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AbstractIntroduction: Parent educational materials describing infant positioning for a home program are vital in supplementing NICU discharge instructions and promoting parent confidence.Purpose: To document the process of developing a brochure and DVD of a positioning program, using evidence-based practice and NICU expert feedbackMethods: A trifold brochure and companion DVD were developed to demonstrate infant positioning to parents of premature infants for a home developmental program following NICU discharge. A standard process of development was followed for the brochure and DVD script and production. The process included review and comment by eight NICU professionals and several revisions.Results: Content of the brochure and DVD and the process entailed in their development is described. Guidelines outlining the process for development of educational materials for families are provided.Conclusion: Creation of multimedia educational materials for parents of infants who are NICU graduates requires a multistep process to ensure usefulness and validity.
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Porta, Roser, Eva Capdevila, Francesc Botet, Gemma Ginovart, Elisenda Moliner, Marta Nicolàs, Antonio Gutiérrez, Jaume Ponce-Taylor, and Sergio Verd. "Breastfeeding Disparities between Multiples and Singletons by NICU Discharge." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (September 12, 2019): 2191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092191.

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Multiple pregnancy increases the risk of a range of adverse perinatal outcomes, including breastfeeding failure. However, studies on predictive factors of breastfeeding duration in preterm twin infants have a conflicting result. The purpose of this observational study was to compare feeding practices, at hospital discharge, of twin and singleton very low birth weight infants. The study is part of a prospective survey of a national Spanish cohort of very low birth weight infants (SEN1500) that includes 62 neonatal units. The study population comprised all infants registered in the network from 2002 to 2013. They were grouped into singletons and multiples. The explanatory variables were first analyzed using univariate models; subsequently, significant variables were analyzed simultaneously in a multiple stepwise backward model. During the twelve-year period, 32,770 very low birth weight infants were included in the database, of which 26.957 were discharged alive and included in this analysis. Nine thousand seven hundred and fifty-eight neonates were multiples, and 17,199 were singletons. At discharge, 31% of singleton infants were being exclusively breastfed, 43% were bottle-fed, and 26% were fed a combination of both. In comparison, at discharge, only 24% of multiple infants were exclusively breastfed, 43% were bottle-fed, and 33% were fed a combination of both (p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, twin pregnancy had a statistically significant, but small effect, on cessation of breastfeeding before discharge (OR 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.19). Risks of early in-hospital breastfeeding cessation were also independently associated with multiple mother-infant stress factors, such as sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy, necrotizing enterocolitis, intubation, and use of inotropes. Instead, antibiotic treatment at delivery, In vitro fertilization and prenatal steroids were associated with a decreased risk for shorter in-hospital breastfeeding duration. Multiple pregnancy, even in the absence of pathological conditions associated to very low birth weight twin infants, may be an impeding factor for in-hospital breastfeeding.
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Shapiro, Craig, Karen Ravin, Shannon Chan, Maura Gable, and Ashish Gupta. "Reduction in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Surveillance in a Low-Prevalence Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Does Not Lead to Increase in Vancomycin Utilization." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.997.

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Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in neonates is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and hospital cost. Multiple studies have shown that these infections are often preceded by colonization, but no consensus has been established for MRSA surveillance. The impact of changing the surveillance strategy on vancomycin utilization has not been evaluated previously. Methods: Retrospective chart review of infants who underwent MRSA screening in a level IV NICU with all outborn neonates. A weekly surveillance PCR was obtained from the nares between July 2016 and June 2017 (phase 1) and only on admission and discharge between July 2017 and June 2018 (phase 2). Patients with a positive PCR were placed on contact precautions without decolonization. The χ2 test was performed to compare the 2 phases of screening, and the Student t test and the Fisher exact test were used to compare the characteristics of MRSA colonized infants. Vancomycin utilization was measured in days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 NICU patient days. Results: In total, 689 infants underwent MRSA screening during the study period; 324 infants had weekly MRSA surveillance and 365 infants had screening at admission and discharge. There was no statistically significant difference in MRSA colonization rates (4.3% vs 3.0%) or MRSA colonization acquisition (negative to positive, 1.8% vs 1.0%) between the phases. Among MRSA-colonized patients, nearly 60% were colonized on admission. Nearly 40% of the infants became colonized with MRSA during their hospitalization, none of whom developed MRSA infections prior to discharge. Mean vancomycin utilization decreased from 38.55 to 30.16 DOT per 1,000 NICU patient days between the 2 study periods. Conclusions: In a level IV NICU with relatively low MRSA prevalence, the change in MRSA screening practice from weekly surveillance to surveillance upon admission and discharge demonstrated no difference in MRSA acquisition or infection. Overall vancomycin utilization also decreased during this period, suggesting a culture shift around antibiotic utilization. Further study is needed to evaluate the utility of MRSA screening, decolonization, and isolation practices in low-prevalence NICUs and to identify additional drivers of vancomycin utilization.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Scherf, Rosalyn, and Karen White Reid. "Going Home: What NICU Nurses Need to Know about Home Care." Neonatal Network 25, no. 6 (November 2006): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.25.6.421.

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Pediatric home health care enables patients to be at home with their families in settings that bring them joy, comfort, and the security we all feel when we are at home. There is also a feeling, no matter how small, that the parents have some control over what is happening to their child. Infants with multiple needs require in-depth discharge planning. There are the physical and health concerns of the preterm infant and the potential complications that he could still develop. Parent teaching is vital for the successful transition from hopital to home. When the neonatal discharge nurse is aware of what difficulties the parents and the patient might face at home, her teaching can be tailored to meet the specific needs of these vulnerable, complicated infants. This article discusses the discharge planning process, which begins upon admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, as well as common problems encountered by many premature infants discharged home.
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Nightlinger, Kathleen. "Developmentally Supportive Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: An Occupational Therapist’s Role." Neonatal Network 30, no. 4 (2011): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.30.4.243.

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The role of a pediatric occupational therapist (OT) in the NICU is to provide comprehensive services, including evaluation, treatment, education, decision making, family support, and discharge planning. It may also include early intervention services or outpatient pediatric rehabilitation services. This article will address the need for developmentally supportive care in the NICU, and specifically addresses the role of an OT in this setting. It will explain how crucial collaboration between team members can be in providing quality, comprehensive care for these neonates. In addition, it will address the important role of the parent in this setting for developmentally supportive care while in the NICU and follow-up intervention upon discharge.
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C., Prithvichandra K., and Pawan K. Ghanghoriya. "Follow up of growth, development and clinical outcome in neonates discharged from the NICU of tertiary care hospital in central India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 4 (March 21, 2020): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20201131.

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Background: To assess the growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of all newborn discharged from the NICU of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur on follow up for 6 months.Methods: Prospective observational cohort study of 200 high risk newborn discharged from NICU. Babies were called for follow up at 1 month, 2 months, 4 month and 6 months of corrected age and detailed information was taken regarding NICU stay and morbidity with the help of data available from discharge card. Anthropometric parameters like weight, length, and head circumference were noted. Suitable screening tests like denver’s developmental screening test for Indian infants (DDSTII) for NDD (neurodevelopmental delay) and Amiel Tison scoring for tone assessment was done.Results: Among the 200 NICU graduates chosen, 40 lost during follow up. The neurodevelopmental delay in this study was 31.3%. Authors also analysed NDD according to gestational age wise groups. NDD in pre-terms was 39.6%. The developmental delay was more in babies with neonatal sepsis, perinatal asphyxia, prematurity, RDS, NEC etc.Conclusions: The morbidities like severe perinatal asphyxia, hypoglycaemia, seizures, shock, hypoxia, hypothermia, low gestational age have direct association with NDD.
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Dhaliwal, Keerat, Susan Albersheim, and Linda Casey. "33 NeoCHIRP: A Collaborative Care Model for Intestinal Rehabilitation in the NICU." Paediatrics & Child Health 25, Supplement_2 (August 2020): e13-e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxaa068.032.

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Abstract Background Many children with intestinal failure (IF) start their course in the NICU with medical or surgical conditions limiting enteral feeding. Multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation teams have improved outcomes in pediatric IF patients, but this is not well described in neonates. Objectives NeoCHIRP represents a unique IR Team; this study describes its roles in collaborating neonatal and IR care. Design/Methods Retrospective descriptive chart review of neonates at risk for IF in one NICU, of patients admitted between April 1, 2013 and March 31, 2019. All neonates at risk for IF were evaluated weekly by a multidisciplinary Neonatal Children’s IR program in the NICU (NeoCHIRP) that is composed of surgeons, dieticians, neonatologists, IR paediatrician, nurses and patient families, to evaluate nutritional status, and provide recommendations. Data collected included weight, patient characteristics, number of NeoCHIRP visits, type of recommendations, cholestasis interventions, successful oral tolerance, and survival. Results There were 163 patients, 105 males, 58 females with 1-27 weekly visits (mean= 9.1) and gestational age between 23-43 4/7 weeks (median= 35). There were 153 survivors discharged from the NICU and 10 deaths (3 from IF related complications.) Enteral autonomy was achieved by 139/163 patients (85.3%.) Common recommendations made were enteral feeds (96.3%), parenteral nutrition (95%) or sodium management (93.9%.) Recommendations for oral stimulation were made in 79.1%, of which 40.5% (66/163) were exclusively orally fed and 20.2% partially orally fed by discharge. Cholestasis interventions were made in 66.9% and conjugated bilirubin (CB) &lt;15 at discharge in 93 patients (range 0-123, mean 12.9 median 2) with only 23/163 patients with CB &gt;30 at final visit. Evaluation of patient weights showed increased z-scores in only 23/153 (15%) from birth to discharge versus increased z-scores in 51/141 (36.2%) from NeoCHIRP consult to discharge. Conclusion A Multidisciplinary Neonatal Intestinal Failure Team is a useful collaborative model to support NICU medical management, by minimizing poor weight gain, cholestasis and oral aversion. Recommendations made for all NeoCHIRP patients in enteral, parenteral and sodium management resulted in improved weight gain of patients.
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Valizadeh, Sousan, and Susan Penjvini. "Mothers' Experiences of Breastfeeding Premature Infants after Discharge from NICU; A Qualitative Study." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 1 (October 1, 2011): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/jan2014/111.

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Fadnis, Madhura P., Sanjay Prabhu, and Shakuntala S. Prabhu. "Early weight trends in preterm babies post discharge." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 4 (March 21, 2020): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20201134.

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Background: Prematurity is the major determinant of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Infants born preterm are at increased risk for impaired growth. The postnatal growth pattern is dependent on biological factors like birth weight, gestational age, sex and intrauterine growth. The present study was undertaken to study the risk factors associated with the preterm delivery and to study the weight gain pattern among the preterm neonates after NICU discharge for a period of one month. Aims and objectives to study the risk factors associated with preterm and to analyze the weight gain pattern of the preterm till one-month post NICU discharge.Methods: A total of 40 preterm were included during the study period of 2 months, the various maternal risk factors were studied and correlated with preterm delivery. The neonatal complications were studied. The neonates were divided on the basis of their gestational age and birth weight. They were then followed for a period of 1-month post NICU discharge.Results: There was significant correlation of lower gestational age with neonatal complications and prolonged duration of hospitalization. The weight gain pattern was highly variable with a maximum gain of 188 gm after first week of NICU discharge. Weight gain was significantly more in first week after discharge amongst neonates who had birth weight less than 1.5 kg and also the total weight gain was significantly more in neonates who weighed less than 1.5 kg at birth.Conclusions: Lower gestational age group 28-32 weeks was significantly associated with neonatal complications and prolonged duration of hospitalization. Immediate follow up of the preterm is necessary as there is wide variability in the weight gain pattern in various gestational age groups.
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Wilson Jones, Martha, and Jennifer McMurray. "“Baby Steps” Neonatal Developmental Follow-Up." Neonatal Network 20, no. 6 (September 2001): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.20.6.73.

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AS NEONATAL NURSES, WE ARE oriented to the immediate emergencies and acute care issues in the NICU setting. The parents of the NICU infant, however, may be looking to the future and seeking information, reassurance, and, in some cases, guarantees. Therefore, as information becomes available to parents via the Internet and other sources, it is imperative that NICU nurses be more knowledgeable and aware of the various problems that may occur with NICU graduates as they grow and develop after discharge.
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Fairchild, Karen D., and Christa Tabacaru. "Apnea before NICU Discharge: Does It Matter?: Table." Pediatrics 137, Supplement 3 (February 2016): 477A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.137.supplement_3.477a.

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30

Aloysius, Annie, Maryam Kharusi, Robyn Winter, Karen Platonos, Jayanta Banerjee, and Aniko Deierl. "Support for families beyond discharge from the NICU." Journal of Neonatal Nursing 24, no. 1 (February 2018): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnn.2017.11.013.

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31

Papile, L. A. "Are families prepared for discharge from the NICU?" Yearbook of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine 2010 (January 2010): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s8756-5005(10)79283-0.

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32

Friedman Ross, Lainie. "Engaging family stakeholders in post-discharge NICU missions." Journal of Pediatrics 207 (April 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.02.012.

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Pinch, Winifred J., Margaret L. Spielman, and Margaret J. Harrison. "Parental Perceptions of Ethical Issues Post-NICU Discharge." Western Journal of Nursing Research 15, no. 4 (August 1993): 422–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019394599301500403.

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34

Smith, V. C., S. Young, D. M. Pursley, M. C. McCormick, and J. A. F. Zupancic. "Are families prepared for discharge from the NICU?" Journal of Perinatology 29, no. 9 (May 21, 2009): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jp.2009.58.

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Knudsen, Kati, Ginny McGill, Kara Ann Waitzman, Jason Powell, Megan Carlson, Ginny Shaffer, and Mindy Morris. "Collaboration to Improve Neuroprotection and Neuropromotion in the NICU: Team Education and Family Engagement." Neonatal Network 40, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/11-t-680.

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The number of babies born extremely low birth weight surviving to be discharged home after experiencing the NICU continues to improve. Unfortunately, early sensory development for these babies occurs in an environment vastly different from the intended in-utero environment and places them at high risk of long-term neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive challenges. Our goal in the NICU must transition from simply discharge home to supporting the neurosensory development necessary for a thriving lifetime. To accomplish a goal of thriving families and thriving babies, it is clear the NICU interprofessional team must share an understanding of neurosensory development, the neuroprotective strategies safeguarding development, the neuropromotive strategies supporting intended maturational development, and the essential nature of family integration in these processes. We share the educational endeavors of 11 center collaboratives in establishing the foundational knowledge necessary to support preterm babies and their families.
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Brelsford, Gina M., Kim K. Doheny, and Lisa Nestler. "Parents’ post-traumatic growth and spirituality post-neonatal intensive care unit discharge." Journal of Psychology and Theology 48, no. 1 (June 21, 2019): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091647119856468.

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Parents of preterm infants often experience high levels of stress resulting in feelings of trauma after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). However, post-traumatic growth can occur after a stressful incident resulting in more favorable individual outcomes. One predictor of post-traumatic growth that has not been studied in relation to the NICU is parents’ religiousness and spirituality. This study focused on filling this gap in the literature by conducting a pilot study comprised of 25 parents’ reports on their experiences of post-traumatic growth post-NICU discharge. Specifically, we explored associations between parents’ reports on religiousness and spirituality through measures of parent–child sanctification, religious coping, and spiritual disclosure in relation to parents’ distress and their post-traumatic growth. We found that parents who sanctified their parent–child relationship experienced higher levels of post-traumatic growth even in the presence of stress. Parents who reported increased use of positive forms of religious coping and open spiritual disclosure with their spouse/partner also reported higher levels of post-traumatic growth. Results support a continued focus on family-centered NICU care during and after discharge with the caveat of also considering parents’ spiritual and religious worldviews.
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Madhoun, Lauren L., and Robert Dempster. "The Psychosocial Aspects of Feeding in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Beyond." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 4, no. 6 (December 26, 2019): 1507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_persp-19-00097.

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Purpose Feeding challenges are common for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). While sufficient oral feeding is typically a goal during NICU admission, this can be a long and complicated process for both the infant and the family. Many of the stressors related to feeding persist long after hospital discharge, which results in the parents taking the primary role of navigating the infant's course to ensure continued feeding success. This is in addition to dealing with the psychological impact of having a child requiring increased medical attention and the need to continue to fulfill the demands at home. In this clinical focus article, we examine 3 main areas that impact psychosocial stress among parents with infants in the NICU and following discharge: parenting, feeding, and supports. Implications for speech-language pathologists working with these infants and their families are discussed. A case example is also included to describe the treatment course of an infant and her parents in the NICU and after graduation to demonstrate these points further. Conclusion Speech-language pathologists working with infants in the NICU and following hospital discharge must realize the family context and psychosocial considerations that impact feeding progression. Understanding these factors may improve parental engagement to more effectively tailor treatment approaches to meet the needs of the child and family.
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Mansour, Ashraf, Husam Salama, Sufwan Alomar, Sabry Ahmed, Nazla Mahmoud, Ratheesh Paramban, and Mohamed Mahma. "Short Term Survival of Extreme Preterm Newborns at 23–26 Weeks’ Gestation in a Middle East Modern Referral Maternity Hospital." Asploro Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health 3, no. 2 (July 6, 2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2021/asjpch.6167.

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Background: Caring about ELBW newborns at the limit of viability is demanding with a high rate of mortality and long-term morbidity. Society expectations become high and persistent while health care coast inside NICU is very high. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the short-term survival (till discharge) of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) newborns at limits of viability 23–26 weeks gestation (WG) age in a large tertiary maternity hospital. Methods: A population-based retrospective study of babies born at 23–26 WG age over 3 years period. Results: Over the study period 2016 to mid-2018, a total of 283 ELBW newborns were delivered in our institute. Of those, 250 were admitted to NICU (88%). The number of newborns who survived till discharge from NICU was 174 (61.5%) while the rate of delivery room death was 33 newborns (11.75%). The survival rates during 2016–2018 period were 35%, 64%, 73%, and 81.4% for 23, 24, 25, and 26 WG respectively. 76 newborns (26.9%) of NICU admissions died before discharge. Most deaths occurred during the first two weeks of life (64%). The main cause of death inside the NICU during the first 2 weeks was respiratory failure, followed by infection. Conclusion: Counseling Parent using local data become more convincing and reflecting local experience. Short term survival rate of ELBW is comparable to those reported in the literature. The first two weeks are very crucial where the mortality rate is highest.
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Short, Billie, Veena Manja, Satyan Lakshminrusimha, and Nithi Fernandes. "Critical Congenital Heart Disease Screening in NICU: Need for Revision and Standardization." American Journal of Perinatology 34, no. 14 (June 14, 2017): 1470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603654.

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AbstractScreening for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) at 24 to 48 hours after birth or before discharge in newborn nurseries using pulse oximetry is effective and is mandated by most states. However, there is no established protocol for screening in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), a setting where neonates are continuously monitored by pulse oximetry, hypoxemia from noncardiac causes is common, and echocardiograms are frequently obtained. CCHDs with hypoxemia are suspected on admission and investigated with an echocardiogram before a formal screen in the NICU. The most common CCHD lesions missed in a NICU setting are secondary targets of the screen, such as aortic arch anomalies (coarctation or interrupted aortic arch). The sensitivity of the current pulse oximeter–based CCHD screen to diagnose aortic arch anomalies is low. Given that infants are monitored with continuous pulse oximetry and frequent examinations, novel revisions to the current screening methods are necessary to detect asymptomatic NICU infants with aortic arch anomalies before discharge. Exclusions (whom to screen), technique (how to screen), and timing (when to screen) for primary and secondary targets of CCHD in the NICU are not known and require further research.
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40

Briggs-Steinberg, Courtney, and Shetal Shah. "Rationale for In-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Administration of Live, Attenuated Rotavirus Vaccination." American Journal of Perinatology 35, no. 14 (June 8, 2018): 1443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660463.

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AbstractRotavirus is the most common nonseasonal vaccine preventable illness. Despite increased severity of rotaviral illness in early infancy, most neonatal intensive care units (NICU) do not administer rotavirus vaccination either during the NICU stay at age of eligibility or at discharge as the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends. In this commentary, we review the rationale for the administration of rotavirus vaccination to premature infants. Further, we outline data supporting vaccine administration at chronologic age while still admitted to the NICU.
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Sicard, lanie, Kristina Bryant, Martha Muller, and Caroline Quach. "Rotavirus Vaccination in the NICU: Where Are We? A Rapid Review of Recent Evidence." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1013.

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Background: Rotavirus is a leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in infants. Neonates hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are at risk of rotavirus infections with severe outcomes. The administration of rotavirus vaccines is only recommended, in the United States and Canada, upon discharge from the NICU despite rotavirus vaccine being proven safe and effective in these populations, due to risks of live-attenuated vaccine administration in immunocompromised patients and theoretical risks of rotavirus vaccines strains shedding and transmission. We summarized recent evidence regarding rotavirus vaccines administration in the NICU setting and safety of rotavirus vaccines in preterm infants. Methods: We conducted a rapid review of the literature from the past 10 years, searching Medline and Embase, including all study types except reviews, reporting on rotavirus vaccine 1 and rotavirus vaccine 5; NICU setting; shedding or transmission; and/or safety in preterm. One reviewer performed data extraction and quality assessment. Results: In total, 31 articles were analyzed. Vaccine-derived virus shedding following rotavirus vaccination existed for nearly all infants, mostly during the first week after dose 1, with rare transmission described only in the household setting. No case of transmission in the NICU was reported. Adverse events were mild to moderate, occurring in 10%–60% of vaccinated infants. Extreme premature infants or with underlying gastrointestinal failure requiring surgery presented more severe adverse events. Conclusions: Recommendations regarding rotavirus vaccine administration in the NICU should be reassessed in light of the relative safety and absence of transmission of rotavirus vaccine strains in the NICU.Funding: NoneDisclosures: Sicard Mélanie: I reference the use of rotavirus vaccines in the NICU setting, which is not recommended; I discuss possible reassessment of these recommendations.
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Goldin, Adam B., Mehul V. Raval, Cary W. Thurm, Matt Hall, Zeenia Billimoria, Sandra Juul, and Loren Berman. "The Resource Use Inflection Point for Safe NICU Discharge." Pediatrics 146, no. 2 (July 22, 2020): e20193708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-3708.

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43

Odochi, Uloma Nwabara. "Early Therapy Services After NICU Discharge: Relationships to Outcome." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 69, Suppl. 1 (July 1, 2015): 6911520078p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2015.69s1-po1119.

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44

Smith, Allison, Megan Karpf, Molly Jow, Morgan Jardon, Tiffany Yu, and Brianca Hutchins. "Mothers’ Experiences With Infant Co-Occupations After NICU Discharge." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 73, no. 4_Supplement_1 (August 1, 2019): 7311505075p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2019.73s1-po1014.

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45

Towers, H. M. "Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening after NICU Discharge or Transfer." AAP Grand Rounds 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/gr.13-2-15.

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46

Powers, Nancy G., Barry Bloom, Joyce Peabody, and Reese Clark. "Site of Care Influences Breastmilk Feedings at NICU Discharge." Journal of Perinatology 23, no. 1 (January 2003): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jp.7210860.

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47

Zamanzadeh, Vahid, Mahboobeh Namnabati, Leila Valizadeh, and Zohreh Badiee. "Mothersʼ Experiences of Infants Discharge in Iranian NICU Culture." Advances in Neonatal Care 13, no. 4 (August 2013): E1—E7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/anc.0b013e318281e06a.

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48

Zanardo, V., F. Freato, and F. Zacchello. "Maternal anxiety upon NICU discharge of high-risk infants." Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology 21, no. 1 (February 2003): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0264683021000060093.

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49

Mazur, Kathleen M., Megan Desmadryl, Katherine VanAntwerp, Corrie Ziegman, Michelle Nemshak, and Clayton J. Shuman. "Implementing Evidence-Informed Discharge Preparedness Tools in the NICU." Advances in Neonatal Care 21, no. 5 (February 2, 2021): E111—E119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/anc.0000000000000836.

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50

Varelas, Panayiotis N., Dan Eastwood, Hyun J. Yun, Marianna V. Spanaki, Lotfi Hacein Bey, Christos Kessaris, and Thomas A. Gennarelli. "Impact of a neurointensivist on outcomes in patients with head trauma treated in a neurosciences intensive care unit." Journal of Neurosurgery 104, no. 5 (May 2006): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2006.104.5.713.

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Object The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a newly appointed neurointensivist on outcomes in head-injured patients in the neurological/neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU). Methods The mortality rate, length of stay (LOS), and discharge disposition of all patients with head trauma who had been admitted to a 10-bed tertiary care university hospital NICU were compared between two 19-month periods, before and after the appointment of a neurointensivist. Data regarding these patients were collected using the hospital database and the University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) database. Samples of medical records were reviewed for Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score documentation. The authors analyzed data pertaining to 328 patients before and 264 after the neurointensivist's appointment. The unadjusted mean in-hospital mortality rate increased 1.1% in the after period, but this increase was significantly lower compared with the UHC-based expected increase of 8.1% in the mortality rate during the same period (p < 0.0001). The unadjusted mean mortality rate in the NICU decreased from 13.4 to 12.9% (relative mortality rate reduction 4%) and the mean NICU LOS increased from 3.1 to 3.6 days (relative NICU LOS increase 16%), both nonsignificantly. A 51% reduction in the NICU-associated mortality rate (p = 0.01), a 12% shorter hospital LOS (p = 0.026), and 57% greater odds of being discharged to home or to rehabilitation (p = 0.009) were found in the after period in multivariate models after controlling for baseline differences between the two time periods. Better documentation of the GCS score by the NICU team was also found in the after period (from 60.4 to 82%, p = 0.02). Conclusions The institution of a neurointensivist-led team model had an independent, positive impact on patient outcomes, including a lower NICU-associated mortality rate and hospital LOS, improved disposition, and better chart documentation.
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