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Journal articles on the topic 'Niger-Congo'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Childs, G. Tucker. "The S-Aux-O-V-Other syntagm in Atlantic." Studies in African Linguistics 34, no. 1 (2005): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v34i1.107331.

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As the largest language phylum in the world and the most geographically widespread (Williamson & Blench 2000), Niger-Congo understandably exhibits some variation at all grammatical levels. Basic word order stands as no exception to this generalization, and there have been partisans for both an SOV and an SVO reconstructed word order. Gensler 1994 attempts to reconcile the two by claiming that neither proposal is correct; he suggests that both SOY and SVO are derived from Proto-Niger-Congo *S-AUX-O-V-Other. Because of the pattern's "quirkiness" (being found virtually nowhere else in the wor

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2

Abunya, Levina Nyameye, Edward Owusu, and Faustina Marius Naapane. "A Comparative Study of the Simple Clause in Akan, Dagaare and English." Education and Linguistics Research 7, no. 1 (2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/elr.v7i1.18353.

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The paper compares how the simple clause is expressed in Akan (Kwa, Niger-Congo), Dagaare (Gur, Niger-Congo) and English. It examines the simple clause in relation to noun phrase, verbal phrases, adpositional phrases, basic word order in declarative and focus constructions, and the basic locative construction. Basically, the study reveals that despite the differences, Akan and Dagaare have a lot in common as compared to English. This of course shows how distant English is from the two African languages. Certain linguistic features such as serial verb construction and focus constructions were u

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3

Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. "Review article: messages from (not so distant) relatives in the Nuba Mountains: on how (not) to reconstruct Proto-Bantu." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 44, no. 2 (2023): 241–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2023-2012.

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Abstract The rich morphological systems and discourse-based syntactic structures of a range of modern Bantu languages have attracted the attention of many linguists. The present contribution takes articles in a volume on the reconstruction of Proto-Bantu grammar edited by Bostoen et al. (2022. On Reconstructing Proto-Bantu Grammar, Niger-Congo Comparative Studies 4. Berlin: Language Science Press. 808 pp. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7560553) as a basis, in order to address the origin of these grammatical properties. More specifically, historical as well as synchronic features of Bantu langu

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4

Segerer, Guillaume. "The presentation of noun class systems of Niger-Congo languages." Language in Africa 3, no. 2 (2022): 8–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2022-3-2-8-36.

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The graphical presentation of Niger-Congo noun class systems shows considerable variation, which deserves a careful examination. The choices of presentation seem to depend on the mere fancy of authors: close languages may be presented in very different ways while different systems may be given very similar graphical choices. After consulting hundreds of descriptions of noun class languages of the Niger-Congo phylum, I could determine four major presentation types. This huge amount of information also allowed me to present new statistical data on the typology of the noun class systems of the ph

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5

Hyman, Larry. "The Macro-Sudan Belt and Niger-Congo Reconstruction." Language Dynamics and Change 1, no. 1 (2011): 3–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221058211x570330.

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AbstractBasing himself largely on areal and typological arguments, Güldemann (2010) claims that neither Proto-Niger-Congo nor Proto-Bantu had more than a "moderate" system of derivational verb suffixes ("extensions"), and that both proto-languages lacked inflectional verb prefixes. Although drawing largely on the same materials as Hyman (2004, 2007a, b), he arrives at the opposite conclusion that Niger-Congo languages which have such morphology, in particular Bantu and Atlantic, would have had to innovate multiple suffixation and prefixation. However, such hypotheses are weakened by two seriou

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Poorti Tamboli, Dipeshkumar Patel, and Rupesh Jha. "Biosynthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles by Aspergillus niger Isolated from the Rotten Onion." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (2021): 489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1010.059.

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Present day, researchers turn to natural processes such as using biological microorganisms in order to develop reliable and ecofriendly methods for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. In this research, we had investigated extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using A. niger, isolated from the rotten onion. The formation of silver nanoparticles in the cell filtrates was confirmed by change in the color of filtrates of cell, absorption peak between 300-600 nm in UV-VIS spectra. There was a logical relationship in the efficiencies of studied A. niger in the production of silver

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7

Pozdniakov, Konstantin. "Notes on regular polysemy and homonymy (Mande languages)." Language in Africa 1, no. 4 (2020): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2020-1-4-69-84.

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Based on Mande languages as an example, the article examines the possibilities of using regular polysemy and regular homonymy for solving problems of comparative studies and semantic typology. Three cases are investigated. Regular polysemy noted only in Mande languages can be used for semantic reconstruction of Proto-Mande. Regular homonymy, noted only in the Mande languages, makes it possible to distinguish phonetically similar roots of Proto-Mande. Regular homonymy, noted not only in the Mande languages, but also in other branches of the Niger-Congo, makes it possible to discover regular pho

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8

Quint, Nicolas. "Classes nominales dans deux langues Niger-Congo : le baïnouck djifanghorois (atlantique) et le koalib (kordofanien)." Faits de Langues 52, no. 2 (2022): 177–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05202010.

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Abstract Koalib (Kordofanian, Central Sudan) and Djifanghor Nyun (Atlantic, Senegal) are two Niger-Congo languages, both of which exhibit rich noun class systems controlling various morphological concord patterns. In this paper, I will study in turn the main characteristics of each of these class systems by taking into account the following criteria: form of the class markers, agreement targets, interaction with number, semantics, class derivation, exceptions and integration of loanwords. I will then discuss the interest and significance of this comparison, bearing in mind the fact that the in

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9

Güldemann, Tom, and Ines Fiedler. "More diversity enGENDERed by African languages: an introduction." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 74, no. 2 (2021): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2021-1030.

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Abstract We give an overview of current research questions pursued in connection with an ongoing project on nominal classification systems in Africa, with a particular focus on Niger-Congo. We first introduce our cross-linguistically applicable methodological approach which provides new insights into the design of a range of gender systems on the continent. We then apply these ideas to the “noun class” systems of Niger-Congo. We focus on non-canonical phenomena of poorly known languages, which attest to an unexpected systemic diversity beyond the well-known Bantu type and promise to change the

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10

Kanu, Sullay M., and Benjamin V. Tucker. "Temne." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 40, no. 2 (2010): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002510031000006x.

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Temne belongs to the South Atlantic Group of Niger-Congo (formerly the Southern Branch of the Atlantic Group of Niger-Congo; Blench 2006, Childs 2010) spoken in the northern part of Sierra Leone. According to Ethnologue (ISO 639–3: tem, Lewis 2009), Temne has a population of about 1.2 million native speakers. Like other South Atlantic languages, Temne is a tonal language with a noun class system, prefixed noun class markers and agreeing prefixes on dependent elements. Features determining class membership include number and animacy. Temne also features extension suffixes which alter the valenc

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11

Creissels, Denis. ""Genres" indo-européens et "classes nominales" Niger-Congo." Faits de langues 7, no. 14 (1999): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/flang.1999.1280.

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12

Juo, A. S. R., and L. P. Wilding. "Soils of the lowland forests of West and Central Africa." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 104 (1996): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000006102.

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The forest zone of West and Central Africa comprises the coastal and adjacent inland regions bounded the semi-deciduous forests in the west and the equatorial forests in central Africa and the Congo basin. Sedimentary plains, developed mostly on weathered sandy materials, lie along the coastal stretches and cover vast areas of the Congo basin. Behind the coast the plain rises gradually to hills and plateaus of much lower elevation than those of the highlands of East Africa. Two great rivers, the Niger and the Congo, which discharge huge volumes of fresh water to the Atlantic Ocean, are major c

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Hamann, Silke, and Nancy C. Kula. "Bemba." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 45, no. 1 (2015): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100314000371.

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Bemba (also called Cibemba or Icibemba; ISO 639-3 codebem) is a Niger-Congo language belonging to the Central Narrow Bantu branch (Zone M in Guthrie's 1948, 1967–71 classification). Bemba is spoken in Zambia (mainly in the Northern, Luapula and Copperbelt provinces) and the Southern Democratic Republic of Congo by approximately 3.3 million speakers (Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2013). Our data are based on Bemba spoken in Zambia.

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14

Mathias, Stephen. "The 2005 Judicial Activity of the International Court of Justice." American Journal of International Law 100, no. 3 (2006): 629–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000031109.

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In 2005, the International Court of Justice issued three judgments.l In February, the Court upheld an objection to its jurisdiction in Certain Property (Liechtenstein v. Germany). In July, a chamber of the Court issued its judgment on the merits in Frontier Dispute (Benin/Niger). In December, the full Court issued its judgment on the merits in Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda).

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15

Sagna,, Serge. "Physical properties and culture-specific factors as principles of semantic categorisation of the Gújjolaay Eegimaa noun class system." Cognitive Linguistics 23, no. 1 (2012): 129–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2012-0005.

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AbstractThis paper investigates the semantic bases of class membership in the noun class system of Gújjolaay Eegimaa (Eegimaa henceforth), a Niger-Congo and Atlantic language of the BAK group spoken in Southern Senegal. The question of whether semantic principles underlie the overt classification of nouns in Niger-Congo languages is a controversial one. There is a common perception of Niger-Congo noun class systems as being mainly semantically arbitrary. The goal of the present paper is to show that physical properties and culture-specific factors are central principles of semantic categorisat

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Mpanya, Godefroid, Constant Kingongo, Julia Ngomba, et al. "Interventions and adaptations to strengthen data quality and use for COVID-19 vaccination: a mixed methods evaluation." Oxford Open Digital Health 2, S1 (2024): i52—i63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oodh/oqae010.

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Abstract Many countries used digital health solutions to support COVID-19 vaccination but struggled to implement them, resulting in adaptations. This theory-driven mixed methods evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine-related data and digital interventions from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Niger and Vietnam aimed to uncover (i) what drove mid-course adaptations of these digital health interventions, (ii) how these adapted interventions may have contributed to improved availability, quality and use of COVID-19 vaccine-related data and (iii) if and how these interventions strengthened eHealth bu

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17

Elameen, Ayman M., Shuanggen Jin, and Daniel Olago. "Identification of Drought Events in Major Basins of Africa from GRACE Total Water Storage and Modeled Products." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 89, no. 4 (2023): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.22-00092r2.

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Terrestrial water storage (TWS) plays a vital role in climatological and hydrological processes. Most of the developed drought indices from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) over Africa neglected the influencing roles of individual water storage components in calculating the drought index and thus may either underestimate or overestimate drought characteristics. In this paper, we proposed a Weighted Water Storage Deficit Index for drought assessment over the major river basins in Africa (i. e., Nile, Congo, Niger, Zambezi, and Orange) with accounting for the contribution of e

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18

Boyd, Raymond. "Number systems in the Adamawa branch of Niger‐Congo." African Languages and Cultures 2, no. 2 (1989): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544168908717702.

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Konoshenko, Maria, and Dasha Shavarina. "A microtypological survey of noun classes in Kwa." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 40, no. 1 (2019): 75–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2019-0004.

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AbstractThis paper provides an overview of noun class systems in a sample of 20 Kwa languages. It focuses on the synchronic productivity of noun classification in Kwa as opposed to the full-fledged class system assumed for Proto-Kwa and for the general “Niger-Congo prototype” (Good, Jeff. 2012. How to become a “Kwa” noun.”Morphology22(2). 293–335; Creissels, Denis. Forthcoming. Noun class systems in Atlantic languages. To appear. In Friederike Lüpke (ed.),The Oxford guide to the Atlantic languages of West Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press). The productivity of class morphology on nouns i

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20

Vigeland, Friederik. "The numeral system in Longuda." Language in Africa 1, no. 3 (2020): 216–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2020-1-3-216-243.

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This article gives an overview of the cardinal and ordinal numerals in Longuda, a language cluster in north-eastern Nigeria, belonging to the Adamawa branch of the Niger-Congo languages. It focuses on three of its five varieties, namely Deele, Guyuk and Gwaanda, analysing the morphology of the numerals, their behaviour in a noun phrase and the derivation of ordinal numerals from cardinal numerals. It becomes clear that numerals in Longuda are neither adjectives nor nouns but should rather be analysed as being on a scale in-between those lexical categories. The tendency in the languages of the

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21

Campbell, Akua. "The Perfect in Gã." Ghana Journal of Linguistics 11, no. 1 (2022): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjl.v11i1.1.

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This paper investigates the meaning and distribution of the perfect in Gã (Niger-Congo, Kwa). Data from natural speech and elicitation reveals that in addition to uses of the perfect that have been established cross-linguistically, Gã makes use of the perfect for the predication of qualities (perfect of quality), for overtly signalling a change of state (inchoative perfect) and for marking iterative, habitual or predictable events (sequential perfect). Apolysemous view of the perfect is advanced, and the semantic element of relevance is proposed as constituting the semantic core of the perfect

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Sumbatova, Nina. "Landuma: a case of radical alliterative agreement." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 43, no. 1 (2022): 83–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2022-8893.

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Abstract The principal goal of this paper is to describe agreement in the Landuma language (Mel < Niger-Congo). Landuma shows agreement in animacy and, for inanimate nouns, radical alliterative agreement, a type of agreement conditioned by phonology: the first phoneme of the agreement prefix is conditioned by the first phoneme of the controlling noun. This type of agreement has much in common with agreement in noun class but is governed by essentially different mechanisms. Radical alliterative agreement is a challenge for linguistic theory, because it contradicts the generally adopted Princ

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23

Bostoen, Koen. "A diachronic onomasiological approach to early Bantu oil palm vocabulary." Studies in African Linguistics 34, no. 2 (2005): 113–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v34i2.107328.

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Despite its ancient and long-lasting importance to sub-Saharan African economies, there has been no systematic attempt to reconstruct Proto-Bantu vocabulary referring to the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Scholars have identified four common noun stems for 'oil palm', i.e. *-bida (cl. 5/6, 7/8), o_bd (cl. 5/6), *-gadi (cl. 9/10), and *-tende (el. 3/4) but determined the stems' geographic distributions within the Bantu domain to be insufficiently widespread to reflect a Proto-Bantu origin. From the wider perspective of Niger-Congo, certain of these nouns undoubtedly reconstruct to a level

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Urua, Eno-Abasi E. "Ibibio." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34, no. 1 (2004): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100304001550.

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Ibibio is a Lower Cross (Delta Cross, Cross River, New Benue-Congo, Niger-Congo) language spoken mainly in Akwa Ibom State and in parts of Cross River State, both located in the southeastern part of Nigeria. The number of speakers is estimated at about four million (Essien 1991). Previous work on Ibibio phonetics includes Connell (1992, 1994, 1995) and Urua (1996/97, 2000, 2002). The variety presented here is spoken in Uruan area and Uyo, the capital city of Akwa Ibom State and the recording is that of the author, a female university teacher from Uruan.

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Schadeberg, Thilo C. "The lexicostatistical base of Bennett & Sterks reclassification of Niger-Congo with particular reference to the cohesion of Bantu." Studies in African Linguistics 17, no. 1 (1986): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v17i1.107497.

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In 1977, Bennett and Sterk published a reclassification of the Niger-Congo languages which has been highly influential. In this paper I try to discover their lexicostatistic method (section 1), then use their published data to do a conventional lexicostatistic subgrouping (section 2), and finally look at their evidence for denying the genetic unity of Narrow Bantu (section 3).

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Lompo Souaibou, Gouda. "Sports, Cultural Identities and Development in Space Francophone: France, Benin, Congo, Niger and Senegal." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 10, no. 1 (2021): 178–86. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr201227112050.

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Perekhvalskaya, Elena. "Caritive constructions in Mwan." Language in Africa 3, no. 2 (2022): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2022-3-2-181-195.

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The paper deals with strategies for expressing caritive meanings in Mwan (Niger-Congo < Mande < South Mande). The difference between the strategies used in Mwan and in some other languages of the same family (Gban, Looma, Bambara) is discussed. Conclusions are made about the grammaticalization of constructions with the suffix -kle and the postposition blaan into specialized caritive means.

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Makasso, Emmanuel-Moselly, and Seunghun J. Lee. "Basaá." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 45, no. 1 (2015): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100314000383.

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Basaá [ɓàsː] is spoken by 282,000 people in the forest area located in the South, Centre and Littoral regions of Cameroon (based on 1982 Ethnologue record; Lewis 2009). Basaá is a narrow Bantu language in the Niger-Congo language family, and it is classified as A43 (Guthrie 1967–71, A43a in Maho 2009). The ISO code of Basaá is bas (Lewis 2009).

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Asses, Nedra, Lamia Ayed, Neila Hkiri, and Moktar Hamdi. "Congo Red Decolorization and Detoxification by Aspergillus niger: Removal Mechanisms and Dye Degradation Pathway." BioMed Research International 2018 (August 6, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3049686.

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Congo red is one of the best known and used azo dyes which has two azo bonds (-N=N-) chromophore in its molecular structure. Its structural stability makes it highly toxic and resistant to biodegradation. The objective of this study was to assess the congo red biodegradation and detoxification by Aspergillus niger. The effects of pH, initial dye concentration, temperature, and shaking speed on the decolorization rate and enzymes production were studied. The maximum decolorization was correlated with lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase production. Above 97% were obtained when 2 g mycelia

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Kabunda Badi, Mbuyi. "Extractivismo, conflictos y ecocidio en África: el caso de la cuenca del río Congo (República Democrática del Congo) y del delta de Níger (Nigeria)." Estudios Críticos del Desarrollo 10, no. 19 (2020): 123–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35533/ecd.1019.mkb.

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Africa accounts for 33 percent of the planet’s natural resources: minerals, foodstuff s and energy sources. However, those resources do not contribute to an improvement in living conditions of Africans. Instead of a blessing, those resources have become a curse, as is the case of the Niger Delta. Africa also possesses significant forest resources. The jungles of the Congo River watershed make up the second-largest tropical biodiversity region after the Amazon. Unfortunately, the survival of these jungles has been threatened by the effects of mineral and agricultural exploitation, wars of depre

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Güldemann, Tom, and Ines Fiedler. "Restructured Niger-Congo gender systems as another type of concurrent nominal classification." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 43, no. 2 (2022): 139–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2022-8899.

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Abstract Recent research looks increasingly at languages with more than one system of nominal classification and first systematic typological assessments of so-called “concurrent noun classification” exist with a focus on cases involving classifiers and gender. We elaborate on this work by dealing with Niger-Congo languages that have restructured their inherited noun classification in a particular way. The inherited system entailing a strong parallelism between agreement-based gender and affix-based noun inflections shifted toward one where the gender system is reduced to an animacy-based oppo

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Schadeberg, Thilo C. "Classificatie van Naamwoorden en Dingen in Het Bantoe (1)." Afrika Focus 1, no. 1-2 (1985): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0010102006.

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Classification of nouns and things in Bantu Is there a semantic foundation for the system of noun classes and genders found in Bantu (and in Niger-Congo-Kordofanian) ? This question has intensely occupied many bantuists for over a century. Fundamentalist, mentalistic, and ethnosemantic approaches were used to construct explanations. The present paper reviews several such approaches, giving particular emphasis to some old and recent Dutch contributions to this field.

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Creissels, Denis. "Les systèmes de classes nominales des langues Niger-Congo : prototype et variations1." Linx, no. 45 (December 1, 2001): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/linx.837.

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Fu, Yuzhu, and T. Viraraghavan. "Removal of Congo Red from an aqueous solution by fungus Aspergillus niger." Advances in Environmental Research 7, no. 1 (2002): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1093-0191(01)00123-x.

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Modu, B., and B. Herbert. "Spatial analysis from remotely sensed observations of Congo basin of East African high Land to drain water using gravity for sustainable management of low laying Chad basin of Central Africa." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1 (November 7, 2014): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-279-2014.

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The Chad basin which covers an area of about 2.4 million kilometer square is one of the largest drainage basins in Africa in the centre of Lake Chad .This basin was formed as a result of rifting and drifting episode, as such it has no outlet to the oceans or seas. It contains large area of desert from the north to the west. The basin covers in part seven countries such as Chad, Nigeria, Central African Republic, Cameroun, Niger, Sudan and Algeria. It is named Chad basin because 43.9% falls in Chad republic. Since its formation, the basin continues to experienced water shortage due to the activ

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Bloch, N., and I. Diallo. "Enquête sérologique chez les petits ruminants dans quatre départements du Niger." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 44, no. 4 (1991): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9141.

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Une enquête sérologique portant sur 1474 petits ruminants, conduite dans quatre départements du Niger (Maradi, Zinder, Diffa et Dosso) en 1990, a permis d'étudier l'épidémiologie et la prévalence de huit maladies dans ces régions : brucellose à Brucella melitensis et à B. ovis, chlamydiose, coxiellose, pleuropneumonie contagieuse caprine, pasteurellose sérotype A, peste des petits ruminants, fièvre de la vallée du Rift, fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo. La peste des petits ruminants et la pasteurellose semblent être les principaux obstacles au développement de l'élevage des petits ruminants

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Gachugi, Florence Gathoni. "Conceptual Metaphors and Perception Verbs in GĨKŨYŨ." International Journal of Linguistics 10, no. 6 (2019): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v10i6.13879.

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This paper examines the polysemy that exists in the semantic field of perception verbs in Gĩkũyũ which is a Bantu Language of the Niger – Congo group spoken in Kenya. These verbs do not only convey the meanings that are related to the physical perception of each sense modality but they are extended to express varieties of meanings in other semantic fields. The paper also examines the link between the concrete and the abstract meanings within perception verbs in GĩKũYũ through conceptual metaphor.

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Creevey, Lucy, Richard Vengroff, and Ibrahima Gaye. "Devaluation of the CFA Franc in Senegal: the Reaction of Small Businesses." Journal of Modern African Studies 33, no. 4 (1995): 669–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00021492.

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The devaluation of the Communauté financière africaine (CFA) franc occurred on 12 January 1994. Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal were immediately affected as the value of their currency decreased by 50 per cent. One French franc now became worth 100 instead of 50 CFA – in reality a 100 per cent increase in the cost of goods purchased on the international market with the CFA franc.

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Ezeagu, G. G., U. R. Sanusi, U. M. Wali, and S. S. D. Mohammed. "Determination of cellulolytic potentials of <i>Aspergillus</i> species isolated from central waste dump site of Nile University of Nigeria." Science World Journal 18, no. 4 (2024): 619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/swj.v18i4.13.

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A large number of microorganisms are capable of degrading cellulose but only a few of these microorganisms produce significant quantities of enzymes capable of completely hydrolyzing cellulose. Fungi are the main cellulase-producing microorganisms. This study was aimed to determine the cellulolytic potentials of Aspergillus species isolated from the central waste dump site of Nile University of Nigeria. In this study, fungal species were isolated from soil samples obtained from waste dump site using pour plate technique. The isolates were characterized using cultural and morphological features

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Storch, Anne. "Dynamics of interacting populations language contact in the Lwoo languages of Bahr el-Ghazal." Studies in African Linguistics 32, no. 1 (2003): 66–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v32i1.107347.

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Number inflection systems in Western Nilotic languages appear highly complex and diverse. Comparative work on Nilotic and other Nilo-Saharan families has shown that these languages have a morphologically tripartite system with marked plurals and a bare root singular, marked singulatives constructed from unmarked collectives, and a replacement pattern with morphologically marked singulars and plurals. Historical comparison of the formatives used to construct the different number categories has proven difficult. A number of little-explored Western Nilotic languages of Bahr el-Ghazal have been in

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Limbo, Zuberi D. "Impacts of Climate Change on River Regimes in Africa." River Studies 2, no. 1 (2024): 174–85. https://doi.org/10.61848/rst.v2i1.59.

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This extensive analysis investigates alterations in river patterns within the primary basins of North, West, and Central Africa between 1970 and 2020, with a specific emphasis on the Niger, Volta, Congo, and Ogooue rivers. The research utilises statistical approaches, climate modelling, and hydrological simulations to examine long-term patterns in river discharge, the connection between climate and hydrology, changes in land use, and modifications in flow regime. The key findings indicate notable declines in annual discharge for the Niger River at a rate of -2.3% per decade and for the Volta R

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Abdulmumini, Shakirat Afodun, B. O. Yusuf-Salihu, and S. Awe. "ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE-DEGRADING FUNGI FROM Arachis hypogaea Shells FOR POTENTIAL BIOMASS VALORIZATION." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 9, no. 4 (2025): 172–77. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2025-0904-3499.

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The exploitation of agro-industrial waste provides a sustainable method for enzyme production and biomass use. This work examined the isolation and characterization of cellulolytic fungi from decomposed Arachis hypogaea (groundnut) shells, a lignocellulosic substrate abundant in cellulose. Four fungal isolates were procured, of which two (OPGS and OPBS) had notable cellulolytic activity, as indicated by distinct hydrolysis zones on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar stained with Congo red. The isolates were identified as Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger through morphological and micros

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Sim, Galina. "Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction, Paris, LLACAN, September 1–3, 2016." Journal of Language Relationship 14, no. 3-4 (2017): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2017-143-408.

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Hyman, Larry M., and John Bendor-Samuel. "The Niger-Congo Languages: A Classification and Description of Africa's Largest Language Family." Language 68, no. 3 (1992): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415798.

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Childs, G. Tucker. "THE MANDE AND ATLANTIC GROUPS OF NIGER-CONGO: PROLONGED CONTACT WITH ASYMMETRICAL CONSEQUENCES." Journal of Language Contact 3, no. 1 (2010): 13–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-90000003.

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Gensler, Orin D. "On Reconstructing the Syntagm S-Aux-O-V-Other to Proto-Niger-Congo." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 20, no. 2 (1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v20i2.1486.

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Marchese Zogbo, Lynell. "Ideophones in the Kru language family." Language in Africa 3, no. 1 (2022): 84–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2022-3-1-84-143.

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In many grammatical descriptions, ideophones are often ignored. In this paper, I attempt to do a preliminary study of ideophones in the Kru language family (Niger Congo). Though data is limited, I give an overview of various phonological, morphophonological, syntactic and semantic features of this word class, as well as make some initial observations of ideophone use in discourse. Primarily a descriptive study, I try to interact with some major claims in the literature (Blench 2010a; 2010b; Bodomo 2006; Childs 1996; 2001; 2003; 2019; Dingemanse 2012; 2019; Welmers 1973), especially in regard t

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Casaretto, Antje, Gerrit J. Dimmendaal, Birgit Hellwig, Uta Reinöhl, and Gertrud Schneider-Blum. "Roots of Ergativity in Africa (and Beyond)." Studies in African Linguistics 49, no. 1 (2020): 111–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v49i1.122270.

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In the literature, it is often assumed that ergative constructions originate in passive constructions. The present contribution explores the likelihood of such a passive-to-ergative analysis for one language (Tima, Niger-Congo, Sudan), showing that this analysis cannot be substantiated and suggesting an origin in active constructions instead. This study is situated in its areal context (outlining similarities to split case marking systems across the region, especially in the Southern branch of Eastern Sudanic) and against the background of discussions in the Indo-Iranian family (from where the

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Allotey, Deborah, and Ileana Paul. "Overt PRO in Gã." Studies in African Linguistics 52, no. 1and2 (2024): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.52.1and2.131241.

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This paper presents data from Gã (Kwa, Niger-Congo language spoken in Ghana) that show that controlled subjects of non-finite predicates must be overt in this language. The presence of an overt pronominal subject in a non-finite embedded clause is surprising from the perspective of languages such as English and French, where such subjects must be covert (PRO). We provide evidence that the overt pronoun in Gã patterns with obligatorily controlled PRO (Hornstein 1999; Landau 2013) and argue for the minimal pronoun analysis of Kratzer (2009).

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Kouya, Hortense Kouya, and Dominique Oba. "The Contribution of the International Organization of Francophonie in Cultural Matter in the Republic of Congo from 1981 to 2016." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 2, no. 4 (2021): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v2i4.315.

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Colonization has had a lasting impact on African life. This movement instilled a new culture within these colonies. Among these African countries is the Congo. On the whole, these countries have experienced some disputes near where it was a question of meeting around an international body which is none other than the Francophonie for the countries or states colonized by France. It is in this sense that under the leadership of three African Heads of State,Léopold Sédar Senghor from Senegal, Habib Bourguiba from Tunisia and Hamani Diori from Niger, and of Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia, the

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