To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Niger, economic policy.
Journal articles on the topic 'Niger, economic policy'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Niger, economic policy.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Arnould, Eric J. "Ethnography, Export Marketing Policy, and Economic Development in Niger." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 20, no. 2 (September 2001): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.20.2.151.17363.
Full text
2
Oumarou, Issoufou. "Public Debt and Economic Growth in Niger: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach." Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Administrative Sciences 1, no. 2 (November 8, 2020): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/jareas.v1i2.123.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The aim of the paper is to examine the existence or not of a long run or a short run relationship between public debt and economic in Niger and investigate the significance of this relationship. Approach/Methodology/Design: The study first applied time series econometrics tests such as Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Bound cointegration test and Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) on annual data obtained from the International monetary fund (IMF) and the West African States Central Bank (BCEAO). The observations cover the period from 1970 to 2019. The study then performed some residual tests including serial correlation, normality and heteroskedasticity for the accuracy of the prediction of the model. Findings: The empirical results showed no long run relationship between public debt and economic growth in Niger. The short run analysis revealed that public debt and budget balance have short run causal effects on economic growth in Niger. The coefficients are significant at 10% significance level. Practical Implications: This article gives valuable information to Niger policy makers regarding the effects of public debt on Niger economic growth. The article highlights the effects that public debt has on economic growth in Niger in the short and long run. Therefore helping policy makers decide whether to increase or reduce the borrowing trend. Originality/value: The results of the paper give valuable information on the relationship that public debt may have with economic growth in Sub Saharan African countries with the similar macroeconomic indicators with Niger.
3
Nafziger, E. Wayne. "Economic Regress and Niger Delta Grievances." Journal of African Development 11, no. 2 (October 1, 2009): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.11.2.0057.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The epicenter of Nigeria's deadly political violence is the clash for benefits from petroleum, more than 90 percent of which is produced in the Niger Delta (Ibaba, 2005). The sources of conflict in Nigeria include its ruling coalitions facing pressure from economic stagnation and the high-stakes corruption and rent seeking for the control of oil. Delta grievances derive from the lack of community control and land rights, the little revenue for petroleum's producing region, and the environmental degradation and other diseconomies borne by oil-bearing regions. Grievances also come from the lack of democratic accountability, high inequality, and Delta poverty that, while lower than Nigeria generally, is enough to trigger relative deprivation, the perception of social injustices from discrepancies between expectations and actuality. The only approach out of Nigeria's current impasse in the Niger Delta and other regions is to entrust policy to an economic meritocracy (as in Indonesia) that would elicit the fast economic growth that would create a positive-sum game, in which secure regional elites allow the Niger Delta and other regions to exercise decentralized power and land-use rights.
4
Wenibowei, Dr Korikiye. "An Impact Assessment of the National Policy on Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria, 1991: A Case Study of the Niger Delta." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 5, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 5155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v5i12.11.
Full textAbstract:
Oil exploration and exploitation has been on-going in the Niger Delta region in several decades. This has had disastrous effects on the region’s biodiversity and socio-economic environment. More importantly, the peoples’ sources of livelihood have been greatly affected due to pollution resulting from gas flaring and oil spills from explorative and exploitative activities. In the face of all these, there are existing laws and policies aimed at controlling and preserving the environment from total destruction. The main focus of this paper is the evaluation of the impact of the national policy on environment particularly the Federal Government Policy on the “Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control, 1991” as a regulatory instrument for environmental management in Nigeria. The findings based on secondary data reveals that policies as guiding principles and regulations are essential but the enforcement of these policies have not been effective enough to attain the desired objectives for which they are enacted. The paper posits that the lack of enforcement of the policy on the guidelines and standards for environmental pollution control in Nigeria in the Niger Delta region has resulted in the continuous degradation of the region’s environment, producing very severe hardship on the people as this directly affect the economic sources of survival. The country’s dependence on crude oil revenue buttresses the lackluster approach by the government to environment law enforcement in the Niger Delta region. Thus, oil spillages and gas flaring is continuing in the Niger Delta region.
5
Pitigala, Nihal, and Jose Lopez-Calix. "Trade policy options for export diversification: The case of Mali, Chad, Niger, and Guinea." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 4, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v4i2.1200.
Full textAbstract:
The landlocked and fragile countries’ ability to create a sustainable path to economic growth and poverty reduction is inextricably linked to their export diversification potential, itself related to their connectivity within themselves, in the region, and other external markets. Mali, Chad, and Niger are first challenged by their geography—their landlocked nature with their vast and thinly populated space serves to isolate the most vulnerable communities from external and internal markets. Adding to these geographic disadvantages non-landlocked is incentive environment—defined by high and variable customs common external tariff regimes resulting from multiple overlapping regional trade arrangements—places a wedge between domestic and international prices, provides a disincentive to exports in favor of non-tradable and domestic-oriented sectors. By bringing greater coherence and convergence between the many common external tariff regimes in operation and the rationalization of their structures, and improving connectivity within and between markets, Mali, Chad, Niger, and Guinea can better promote the reallocation of resources toward tradable goods and services, putting the countries on a path toward greater economic inclusion and sustainable growth.
6
Mamadou, Dr N’DIAYE, and Dr SANOGO Boubacar. "Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth in the Countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 81 (February 6, 2022): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.81.15.22.
Full textAbstract:
This article focuses on the relationship between certain fiscal policy instruments and economic growth in the countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), namely Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo. Our growth model was estimated using the "Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) in a system" dynamic panel over the period 1990-2020. The results obtained show that total public revenue excluding grants, total expenditure, external public debt, the active population, and credits to the economy over GDP positively and significantly influence the GDP growth rate. On the other hand, an inflationary environment and poor quality of the Institutions negatively and significantly affect the rate of GDP growth. By way of economic policy implications, the WAEMU countries should reduce the distortions associated with taxation in order to maintain a fairly substantial level of resources and gradually break away from external forms of financing. Finally, financial development must be promoted so that companies can obtain more loans from banks.
7
Bonnecase, Vincent. "Democracy and Adjustment in Niger: A Conflict of Rationales." International Review of Social History 66, S29 (March 12, 2021): 181–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859021000183.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn the early 1990s, Niger saw growing anger towards the military regime in power, not only because of police violence, but also due to its economic and social policies, particularly its first structural adjustment programme. After several months of revolts, the regime fell, giving way to a democratic government in 1991. Under pressure from international financial institutions, the new government quickly embarked on the same economic and social path as the previous one and adopted an adjustment policy, resistance to which had played a fundamental role in its accession to power. The government faced increasing street protests, and was overthrown by the army in January 1996, with most of the population not mobilizing to protect the democratic institutions. This article examines the conflicts of rationales that marked these few years, and shows how, by whom, and to what extent these rationales were opposed in practical terms. It also offers a social history of the adjustments by looking at how they were received by the people. By so doing, it looks back at a moment that has profoundly marked Niger's recent history: in this country, as in others, the adjustments have reconfigured rivalries, produced violence, and left an indelible mark on the political imaginary up to the present day.
8
Achoja, F.O, Achoja, F. O. "Economic Impact Of Amnesty Policy Intervention On Artisanal Fishing Agribusiness In Niger-Delta, Nigeria." IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 2, no. 6 (2013): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2380-0261216.
Full text
9
Graybeal, N. Lynn, and Louis A. Picard. "Internal Capacity and Overload in Guinea and Niger." Journal of Modern African Studies 29, no. 2 (June 1991): 275–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00002755.
Full textAbstract:
Many African states have been operating under tight structural-adjustment restrictions for close to ten years. The policies of the International Monetary Fund make heavy demands on public-sector capability and political leadership, particularly as regards pricing and trade practices, banking and finance, economic monitoring and data analysis, macro and sectoral planning, as well as policy formulation, initiation, and implementation. The aim is to create a very strong private sector operating under market conditions, and an effective, though not necessarily large, public sector committed to rational, strategic economic growth. For many African régimes there also will be increasing motivation towards both decentralisation and pluralism. In short, the post-structural adjustment state, rather than withering away, needs to be selectively strengthened and to have an increasingly sophisticated capacity to manage development activities at both the national and local levels.1
10
Dastagiri, M. B., and S. M. Jainuddin. "International Trading Prices Of India’s Oilseed Crops: Growth Rates, Elasticities And Foreign Trade Policy." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 31 (November 30, 2017): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n31p185.
Full textAbstract:
World prices influence international trade and so economic precision is required. This foreign trade research study examines exports and imports of India’s major oilseeds from 1990-91 to 2015-16. The methodology employed is the estimation of CAGR, Instability Index, Export import price elasticities of oilseeds and identification of top export import destinations. The results show that export prices of groundnut, soybean, niger, safflower, sesamum and sunflower were higher than import prices indicating that India has a comparative advantage in these crops. The terms of trade of India’s oilseeds were found to have increased for all oilseeds except mustard crop. The exports price growth rate of groundnut, niger, safflower and sunflower were higher than imports. The study found that among oilseeds, mustard (0.97 %) has high export elasticity and that export imports prices of groundnut, soybean, safflower, sunflower and niger crops were found to be stable. It also found that India’s major exports destinations for groundnut, soybean, niger seeds, sesamum, and sunflower are Indonesia, USA, South Korea and Philippines respectively, whereas major imports destinations are Germany, USA, Nigeria and Ukraine for groundnut, soybean, sesamum, and sunflower respectively. The study suggests that multilateral trade relationship with countries having high export imports share would help in smooth trade of oilseeds. These findings have important implications for policy research and R&D strategies in response and re-orientation of the R&D system to the changing trade scenario to benefit from WTO.
11
Muhammed, Abdullahi Bashir, Umar Mohammed Tela, and Siti Nur Aqilah Ab Wahab. "WEST AFRICAN MONETARY POLICY, EXTERNAL SHOCKS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH DYNAMICS: AN S-VAR MODEL." Labuan Bulletin of International Business and Finance (LBIBF) 20, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 154–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/lbibf.v20i2.3900.
Full textAbstract:
As a result of the West African region's continuous political and economic instability, various economies have used monetary policy changes to respond to shocks from macroeconomic causes. Scholars disagree on the mechanisms of monetary policy, external shocks, and macroeconomic activity links in an economy, according to the available literature in both inter-regional and intra-regional evaluations. This article promotes understanding and management of external shocks in monetary policy by focusing on two key goals. (1) To investigate external shocks, macroeconomic performance, and the dynamics of monetary policy in Western African countries. (2) Use the S-VAR method of estimate to investigate the impact of these economic indices on monetary policy dynamics in Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, and Niger. The S-VAR method was chosen because it is useful for analysing macroeconomic shocks and monetary policy transmission. The findings reveal that the West African countries are so interconnected, any change in the price of non-oil commodities would have a significant impact on the exchange rate, which will be channelled through policy rates to GDP. We recommend and emphasise the need of diversifying member countries' productive and export bases rather than continuing to rely on one or a few items as the primary source of income.
12
Omobhude and Chen. "Social Innovation for Sustainability: The Case of Oil Producing Communities in the Niger Delta region." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 28, 2019): 6767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236767.
Full textAbstract:
This study demonstrates how social innovation may engender development as well as peace in deep-rooted poverty and conflict regions in the Niger Delta context. By means of a qualitative study involving oil producing communities in the Niger Delta, this study identifies the dynamics, relevant actors and factors that foster social innovation, creating particular socio-economic outcomes, and contributes to the role of institutions in this context. Our findings suggest that active stakeholders’ engagement, facilitation and contributions from key actors significantly influences the quality of economic and social outcomes, but not necessarily environmental outcomes. This allows us to advance the theory on social innovation by analyzing the mechanisms through which social intervention processes may alter the lives of ordinary community members in areas where social and economic interventions are seriously required.
13
Edward Uzoma Ezedike. "Anthropocentric-Utilitarian Tradition and the Quest for Environmental Justice in the Niger Delta of Nigeria." Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 2, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v2i1.184.
Full textAbstract:
There is a growing concern, lately, in the Niger Delta region, nay, Nigeria at large, over the despoliation of our environment by multinational oil companies and citizens in quest for economic gains. The problem is that humans have come to see themselves as “landlords” and masters of God’s creation rather than stewards, having untrammeled authority to plunder natural resources with reckless abandon. The resultant effect is that this unethical attitude towards the environment poses grave danger to both living and non-living things in the ecosystem and forecloses the possibilities of its sustainability. Specifically, this paper critically examines the implications of the anthropocentric- utilitarian tradition in environmental ethics for the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The anthropocentric approach emphasizes the use of non-human natural resources solely in terms of their instrumental value to human kind. Its utilitarian dimension holds that so long as an environmental attitude or policy produces the greatest happiness, pleasure or benefit possible for the greatest number of people, it is moral. This paper posits that such tradition is quite problematic to the realization of environmental justice and wholeness in the Niger Delta. Our objective here is to show that the monumental environmental problems in the Niger Delta resulting from oil exploration are precipitated by the some unjust socio-economic and unethical principles. This paper recommends the application of the principles of environmental stewardship and environmental justice as a way out of the problem. These principles stand for moral consider ability towards the environment as well as a fair distribution of environmental burdens and benefits.
14
Ayoub, Cherif Nahar, Abakar Yakuba Yakuba, Beshir Yakuba Umar, and Evgenii Stanovov. "Problems and prospects for the development of foreign policy of the Sahel countries in the context of modern international relations." Конфликтология / nota bene, no. 3 (March 2021): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2021.3.36905.
Full textAbstract:
This article covers the problems of foreign policy problems faced by the Sahel countries. The research is dedicated to the peculiarities of the policy of Sahel Alliance in countering the risks and threats to regional security. The goal consists in outlining the key priorities and vectors of foreign policy of the Sahel countries. The methodological framework is comprised of the historical-comparative and historical-genetic methods, as well as content analysis of the doctrinal sources of the Sahel countries for determination of the foremost threats. This allows establishing differences between the approaches used by Chad, Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso aimed at expansion of their economic, political and military influence in the Sahel Region. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that on the basis of content analysis of UN speeches of the leaders of Sahel countries, the author examines the prioritization of threats for the four countries of Sahel Region and the desired mechanisms for their elimination. The current challenge for the Sahel countries is to simultaneously protect their people and promote development via reform for establishing lasting and stable peace in the region. At the same time, such countries as Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, Chad and the Sahel Region overall have strengthen their strategic importance for the European foreign policy and security interests.
15
Abdou, Laouali, Abdoulaye Diouf, Maman Maarouhi Inoussa, Boubacar Moussa Mamoudou, Salamatou Abdourahamane Illiassou, and Ali Mahamane. "Modeling the Geographic Distribution of Prosopis africana (G. and Perr.) Taub. in Niger." Environment and Natural Resources Research 6, no. 2 (May 29, 2016): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v6n2p136.
Full textAbstract:
<p class="1Body"><em>Prosopis africana </em>is a species of great socio-economic importance, threatened with extinction from its natural habitat in Niger due to overexploitation. The main objective of this study is to determine the potential geographic distribution of <em>P. africana</em> in Niger. Climatic and botanical data has been collected and used to model the distribution, on the basis of principle of maximum entropy (MAXENT) using MAXENT 3.3.3k, DIVA-GIS 7.5, and ArcGIS 10.0. programs. Rainfall and temperature are the most significant variables in the distribution of <em>P. africana</em> in Niger. Thus the southern band of the country (from the sudanian zone to the sahelio-soudanian zone), the wettest, is the area conducive to the development of <em>P.</em> <em>africana </em>(128,692.32 km<sup>2</sup> in total, 10.16% of the territory). Given the extent of this area revealed by this study, a reforestation policy implementation of <em>P. africana</em> would allow to restore its stands in Niger.</p>
16
Camara, Bakary. "THE DYNAMICS OF LAND TENURE SYSTEMS IN THE NIGER BASIN, MALI." Africa 83, no. 1 (January 22, 2013): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972012000721.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThis article examines, through different processes of changing land use and land tenure, the various types of formal and informal contractual relations existing in two areas of the Niger Basin in southern Mali that are dominated economically by two parastatal companies: Compagnie Malienne pour le Développement du Textile (CMDT) and Office du Niger (ON). The article shows how the production interventions of these two companies shape the framework of land administration in the Niger Basin and the context in which customary relations operate, and lead to the commodification of land relations. It traces the various routes, contracts and arrangements through which people gain access to agricultural land. Besides describing the various transactions in land and contractual relationships, the article also analyses land leasing, sharecropping and various other ways of gaining secondary rights through prestations and loans. Finally, it describes the various land conflicts, the actors involved in making various claims on land and claims to land administration, and the institutions and institutional pluralism that emerge in conflict resolution. The article links these to the increasing commodification of land and agriculture, and the domination of policy by economic liberalism.
17
Odoemelam, Chka Ebere, and Nik Norma Nik Hasan. "Rising Oil Pollution in Nigerian's Niger-Delta Region." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.292077.
Full textAbstract:
Cases of oil pollution have become a consistent decimal over the last twenty decades in most countries. The disagreement over who is liable for the massive oil pollution seen in some oil-producing countries worldwide has magnified tensions between significant stakeholders in those countries. This paper examines the rise in oil pollution in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria and its framing by the print media through a quantitative content analysis method using news framing types developed by Semetko and Valkenburg (2000) among three Nigerian newspapers; The Daily Sun, The Guardian, and The Punch from 2014-2018. Specifically, the study findings show that The Daily Sun used more of the frames of responsibility (57.7%), economic consequences (63.3%), conflict (50.2%), and human interest (55.6%) in their oil pollution reports in the Niger-Delta. In contrast, The Guardian and The Punch used less of these frames, probably due to their laissez-faire attitude towards holding the oil companies accountable despite glaring evidence of environmental degradation.
18
Ismail Shola, Ahmodu Tijani, and Dosunmu Kazeem Olanrewaju. "Effects of the Informal Cross Border Trade in Western Africa." Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, Ekonomi dan Bisnis 4, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51263/jameb.v4i2.102.
Full textAbstract:
Informal Cross Border Trade (ICBT) plays an important role in developing countries and act as accelerator of economic development, regional development of the borderland areas. It is a crucial coping measure for poor households; especially when unemployment is high and it also address mass poverty if the rules governing it take into consideration the interests of the poor and vulnerable groups in society. This paper is aimed at examining the effects of informal cross border trade in western Africa: a study of Nigeria and Niger, its strength and weakness on National and Regional development which is western Africa. This is a literature and library based paper which reviews related literatures from journal articles, texts, seminar papers, online search engines for assessment of the concepts. This paper perceive the following issues in Informal Cross Border Trade, its problem and approaches, reasons for ICBT in Nigeria and Niger, critical analysis of determinants in Nigeria and Niger, the positive and negative effects on the two selected countries in western African and recommend on way forward. It finds out that ICBT enables small‐scale entrepreneurs to escape poverty and to meet the education, housing and other basic needs. It’s also source of family income to the unemployed and a source of employment to our second citizen as a result of early retirement. It recommends that there should be bilateral agreement between Nigeria and Niger on creating an enabling, gender-sensitive environment for informal cross border traders so that they can easily engage in economic activity in order to protect their livelihoods. There is need to design appropriate policy incentives by the duo country governance in order to gradually incorporate a thriving ICBT sector into the formal economy.
19
Chenchouni, Louiza, Mohamed Karim Kheder, and Haroun Chenchouni. "When the Blessed Resource “Oil” Curses." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.292076.
Full textAbstract:
Oil industry has impacted both economy and ecology of oil-producing states in the Niger Delta region in Nigeria. The environmental detriments caused by gas flaring and oil spills develop violent ethnic agitations, through long lasting history area of conflicts, for economic, social, political, and environmental rights. This paper examines the history of oil and gas exploitation, in Niger Delta region, and its role to cause environmental degradations in the region. The study argued that multinational oil corporations’ activities were the first intriguing violence in local communities based on environmental approach. Also, the paper indicates that the conflict had many drivers related to different components of indigenous people. The tendency of violence escalated over time, in strength of acts from demonstrations and grievances to militant operations, and demands from self determination to justice, revenues equity and environmental rights, in order to reshape oil-bearing communities’ old motivations about self-governance.
20
Apulu, O. G., I. M. Potravny, and I. V. Sukhorukova. "Methods of Justification and Selection of Technologies for Remediation of Oil-contaminated Land." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 6 (June 22, 2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-6-38-43.
Full textAbstract:
The results of research on the ecological and economic justification of the choice of technologies for the reclamation of oil-contaminated land are proposed. Economic and environmental criteria for the selection of technologies for the treatment of land contaminated with petroleum products are proposed. The algorithm of implementation of the project of recultivation of the lands polluted by oil is considered, which includes an assessment of environmental damage, compensation of losses to landowners, determination of the cost of work on recultivation of the polluted lands, justification of technology and assessment of efficiency of its application. Based on a comparative assessment of the use of various technologies for cleaning up oil-contaminated land according to the proposed criteria, the economic feasibility of using biotechnologies are shown on the example of the elimination of an emergency oil spill in the Niger Delta.
21
E.O, Nwachuwku,, Onweagba, A.E, and Nwajiuba, C. "Differences in Adoption of Introduced Technologies in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria." Journal of Sociological Research 4, no. 2 (November 7, 2013): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsr.v4i2.4523.
Full textAbstract:
<p><em>This study examined the differences in adoption of introduced technologies by Agricultural NGOs in the rural Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique was use to select nine (9) registered functional and active Agricultural NGOs in the Niger Delta States, while a sample size of 450 farmers and 27 extension field staff were selected using </em><em>random sampling techniques<strong>.</strong></em><em> A four-point Likert-Type rating scale of questionnaire was used to obtain responses from the various groups of respondents and </em><em>descriptive statistics were used to analyze data obtained from the study. </em><em>The result of the study indicates that </em><em>differences existed in the levels of adoption of introduced technologies by farmers across the Niger Delta states. It was recommended that sustained effort towards exchange of knowledge, resources, ideas and innovations among the NGOs could help in bridging the gap and that the non-agricultural NGOs operating in the region should be encouraged to get involved in agricultural development programmes. This could be done through proper enlightenment programmes, legislation, and policy guides, and would help consolidate the socio-economic gains recorded</em>.</p>
22
Chikezie-Aga, Chinekwu Doris, Henry Oluchukwu Ogboani, and Oliver Ike Inyiama. "Effect of Mining Generated Revenue on the Economic Development of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria." European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research 10, no. 12 (November 15, 2022): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ejaafr.2013/vol10n127690.
Full textAbstract:
The Niger Delta Region in Nigeria's economy has been a focus of mining companies in recent years, and this has caused economic instability, thus this research looks into the relationship between earnings from mining and Niger Delta's overall growth. The study focused on which factors influence the profits of Mining businesses in Nigeria, and especially looked at how the values of crude petroleum and gas, solid mineral, manufacturing, and agriculture are influencing profit. The research drew information from annual reports and other documents produced by oil companies. According to the findings, the value of crude petroleum and gas (VCPG) has a role in determining the personal income of mining businesses in Nigeria. Per capita income will rise during the duration of the research because of VCPG's positive effect on the two mining businesses. There's a correlation between the value of mineral minerals and mining businesses' per capita income in Nigeria. It follows that VSM has increased the size of the per capita revenue of the companies substantially. The worth of the building has a considerable influence on the income of mining organizations in Nigeria. In addition, we have evidence that the Value of Manufacturing decreases the price of a company's ordinary share throughout the study. The relationship between the value of agriculture and mining business per capita income in Nigeria is negligible. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends that the government develop consistent policy guidance, which will create an enabling environment for the private sector to invest more in mining and help the country with new jobs and greater wealth, among other things.
23
Debellut, Frédéric, Kevin Tang, Andrew Clark, Clint Pecenka, Bachir Assao, Ousmane Guindo, Rebecca F. Grais, and Sheila Isanaka. "Impact and cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Niger: a modelling study evaluating alternative rotavirus vaccines." BMJ Open 12, no. 10 (October 2022): e061673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061673.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative rotavirus vaccines in Niger, using UNIVAC, a proportionate outcomes model.SettingThe study leverages global, regional and local data to inform cost-effectiveness modelling. Local data were collected as part of a clinical trial taking place in the Madarounfa district, Maradi region, Niger.ParticipantsThe study models impact of infants vaccination on rotavirus gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age.InterventionsWe compared the use of ROTARIX (GlaxoSmithKline, Belgium), ROTAVAC (Bharat Biotech, India) and ROTASIIL (Serum Institute, India) to no vaccination and to each other over a 10-year period starting in 2021.ResultsWe estimated that ROTARIX, ROTAVAC and ROTASIIL would each prevent 13 million cases and 20 000 deaths of children under 5 years over a 10-year period in Niger. Compared with no vaccination, the cost to avert a disability-adjusted life-year was US$146 with ROTARIX, US$107 with ROTASIIL and US$76 with ROTAVAC from the government perspective. ROTAVAC dominated ROTARIX and ROTASIIL (eg, provided similar or higher benefits at a lower cost) and had 90% chance to be cost-effective at a US$100 willingness-to-pay threshold.ConclusionsThis study can inform decision-making around rotavirus vaccination policy in Niger, demonstrating that ROTAVAC is likely the most cost-effective option. Alternative products (ROTASIIL and ROTARIX) may also be considered by decision-makers if they are priced more competitively, or if their cold chain requirements could bring additional economic benefits.
24
S., Abubakar, and Sha’aban M. "Cross-Border Trade Policies and Sustainable Economic Development in Nigeria: A Critique." African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 5, no. 5 (November 9, 2022): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-y4nolpfk.
Full textAbstract:
The creation of artificial boundaries by colonialist generates desire for cross-border trade as potential instrument for economic integration and development in West Africa. There appears, however, contradictions in states’ policies in Africa which tend to overlook the inviolable boundaries compelling the need for economic interaction across the border for economic development. Paradoxically, neighboring states in Africa, more often than not, capitalize on the trade differences along the border to restrict economic interaction rather than promoting it. Nigeria has recently found itself in the dilemma of either outright trade protection for her economy or liberalizing its trade in the midst of smuggling-induced neighboring countries. Consequently on August 19,2019 President Muhammadu Buhari closed Nigeria's borders with Benin and Niger, declaring that the time had come to end rampant smuggling from those countries. This paper offers a critique of Nigeria’s Border trade policies over the years. The paper intends to challenge the predominant protectionist tendencies among the policy makers in the country. It argued that policy makers in Nigeria should first take measures to refurbish our national economy and then engage all the stakeholders in regional decision making and implementation mechanisms for proper regional trade policies. This will go a long way in providing a framework for intra-regional trade so that the regional environment will encourage more of Nigeria’s trade with its ECOWAS neighbours vis-à-vis sustainable economic growth in the region. If ECOWAS is to succeed in achieving sustainable development in the region, then Nigeria will be the biggest beneficiary; hence, her need to sacrifice more.
25
Sangare, Saadatou, and Hélène Maisonnave. "Mining and petroleum boom and public spending policies in Niger: a dynamic computable general equilibrium analysis." Environment and Development Economics 23, no. 5 (May 3, 2018): 580–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x18000104.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis study analyzes a public-spending option from mining and oil resources and its impact on Niger's economy. The windfall gain from mining and oil revenues provides an opportunity for the country to reinvest natural resource rents, enhance economic development, and address infrastructure gaps. Drawing on the country's recent and expected mining and oil exploitation, we evaluate the effects of a reinvestment policy in road infrastructure using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. We find that investment in road infrastructure brings positive spillover effects to other sectors of the economy and benefits to the economy in the long run. Our analysis additionally shows that reinvestment in road infrastructure, given the initial state of infrastructure in Niger, could help mitigate the resource curse.
26
Otunaruke, EMAZIYE Peter, EMAZIYE Oghenekome, and OKPARA Oghenesuvwe. "Job Motivation and Satisfaction Among Piggery Farm Employees in Niger Delta Area Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Review 9, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220817.
Full textAbstract:
The research assessed empirically the economic appraisal of job motivation and satisfaction among piggery employees. Multi-stage technique of sampling was employed. Structured questionnaires were employed in data collection, and data were analyzed employing descriptive statistics and probit regression model. Productive age of 48 years that were mostly married male with secondary level of education engaged in piggery farming. Moderate family size of 9 persons and a staff strength of 15 persons involved in piggery production. The probit regression results confirmed that wages and salaries were a major determinant to job satisfaction as it was positively statistically significant while advance payment was not a major determinant as advance payment was negatively statistically significant. High wages/salaries was most motivational factor of job satisfaction. The study exposed that job satisfaction resulted to increase in farm revenue and profit. The study suggests that motivational policy of high wages/salaries proportion to work executed and other motivational variables should be enacted in the piggery industry to increase revenue and profit. Keywords: Employees, Farm, Job, Motivation, Piggery, Satisfaction.
27
Roudart, Laurence, and Benoît Dave. "Minimum areas for economic viability of family rice farms in the Office du Niger area (Mali)." Cahiers Agricultures 22, no. 5 (September 2013): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/agr.2013.0654.
Full text
28
Amaechi, C. F., and M. J. Emejulu. "Cost–Benefit Analysis of Associated Gas Flaring in the Niger – Delta Area of Nigeria (a case study of 1958 – 2004." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 3 (April 27, 2021): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i3.9.
Full textAbstract:
CT: Associated gas flaring has been revealed as a significant contributor to the warming of the local climateof the communities where these flare stacks are located. Associated gas flaring has also been revealed as a major casualfactor to the degradation of the environment, air pollution and consequent health effects of the inhabitants of these hostcommunities. This study goes a step further to assess the economic benefit of total utilization of associated gas as an antedote to these problems as it is been argued that flaring this gas is cheaper than total utilization. The research uses as its casestudy the Niger – Delta region of Nigeria a West African country with 1958- 2004 been the years under review. The studyadopted the Cost – Benefit approach/ Method of analysis as well as relied on secondary face to face interview. Results fromthe study revealed that the economic benefit of total utilization of associated gas far outweighs the cost of flaring associatedgas. Results from the study also reveal that if Nigeria had utilized the associated gas from crude oil exploitation from 1958-2004; the country would be $32 billion richer. This is without the estimation of the multiplier effect of reinvesting thesemonies. The research further reveals that the country requires another Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant 1.4 times thecapacity of the Bonny LNG plant to totally processthese associated gases for onward utilization. In the light of theserevelations the study recommends a strategic legal framework for the formulation of an act for the operation and governance of the Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) be put in place by the government as this is a major bottleneck to the development of the sector. Also in the development of strategic plans and policy guidelines for the enactment of the act, the host communities should be in full participation. This is to ensure transparency and equity which will further result in total cooperation and compliance by all stakeholders. Furthermore, the study recommends a time frame be set for routine review of the plans and policy guidelines so as to update lapses for further and future development.
Keywords: Cost – Benefit Analysis, Gas flaring, Total Utilization, Non Utilization, Utilization Economic Cost
29
Bellema Ihua, Ugwushi, Olatunde Abiodun Olabowale, Kamdi Nnanna Eloji, and Chris Ajayi. "Entrepreneurial implications of Nigeria's oil industry local content policy." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 5, no. 3 (August 16, 2011): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17506201111156698.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficacy of Nigeria's oil and gas industry local content (LC) policy, with particular reference to how the policy has enhanced entrepreneurial activities and served as panacea to resolving some of the country's socio‐economic challenges within the oil‐producing Niger Delta region.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were randomly obtained from a questionnaire sample of 120 indigenes in Bayelsa, Delta and Rivers states; and subjected to factor‐analysis using varimax rotation to identify the most crucial factors likely to influence the success of the policy. Cronbach's α was also applied to ascertain the reliability of the data and overall agreement amongst respondents.FindingsThe study reveals a general level of indifference amongst the respondents, and an insignificant level of entrepreneurial implication, regarding the LC policy. Notwithstanding, the need to create business prospects, jobs opportunities, and establish special quota arrangements to benefit indigenes of the oil producing host‐communities were found to be most crucial in their assessment of the policy's efficacy.Practical implicationsIt is expected that the policy should stimulate and open up more channels for budding entrepreneurial activities, job opportunities and wealth generation. These would mitigate situations of unwarranted militant activities, social disorder and disguised criminalities such as kidnapping and destruction of oil installations, resulting from perceived marginalisation, massive unemployment and poor living standards experienced within the region.Originality/valueThe study provides insights into how the LC policy, if properly harnessed and judiciously implemented, can generate win‐win outcomes for the nation, multi‐national oil companies, host communities and indigenous entrepreneurs.
30
Ozuem, Wilson, Kerry Howell, and Geoff Lancaster. "Corporate social responsibility: towards a context-specific perspective in developing countries." Social Responsibility Journal 10, no. 3 (July 29, 2014): 399–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-04-2012-0086.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – This paper aims to empirically test, in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, the external perceptions which hold that a firm that has acted in a socially irresponsible manner can have negative consequences, as an organisation’s success and very survival depends, in part, on satisfying normative expectations from its environment. Design/methodology/approach – A purposive sample of 28 respondents was selected from three communities within the region. In addition, 20 in-depth interviews took place with oil workers, community leaders and elders within the region. These interviews lasted for approximately an hour and were transcribed verbatim. Findings – Drawing on qualitative research methodology, it is proposed that socially responsible investment could promote and facilitate business and social cohesion between corporations and broader communities that impinge on the company, rather than simply viewing business practice exclusively from an economic or political point of view. Research limitations/implications – This study has examined a small range of companies from an interpretivist ethnographic position in the Niger Delta region using data collected from interviews and observations. Future research could take a more positivistic position and explore a wider range of companies using a variety of data collection methods. Practical implications – Understanding corporate social responsibility (CSR) tends to be contextually bound, and should be divorced from the mechanistic Western perspective prevailing in most extant literature. Despite this context-specific notion to CSR relevance, there is still an overwhelming dominance of the understanding of CSR from the Western perspective, so companies should more closely consider local issues when drawing up CSR policy guidelines in a non-Western environment. Originality/value – Forty-eight individuals in the Niger Delta region have been interviewed, and their opinions on CSR issues have been reported.
31
Nwagboso, Chris I. "Nigeria and the Challenges of Internal Security in the 21st Century." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4, no. 2 (July 24, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v4i2.p15-33.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the various internal security challenges confronting Nigeria in the 21st century. The paper adopts historical method and content analysis to investigate how the abysmal failure of the poorly formulated and ineffectively implemented National Security Policy has hitherto exacerbated internal security challenges in Nigeria. The paper further attempts a critical review of major internal security challenges hitherto confronting the country; such as the Niger Delta crises, kidnapping in the South-East geo-political zone, Jos crises, Boko Haram crises and crises by Fulani Herdsmen in the Northern part of Nigeria. The result of the analysis shows that these internal security challenges have not only been difficult to address by the National Security Policy, but have also impacted negatively on the country's desired socio-economic development in the 21st century. The paper, therefore, recommends among others, the need for a careful review of the Nigeria's National Security Policy that will not only be integrative/comprehensive in outlook, but will also take cognizance of some domestic factors that are currently responsible for internal security problems in the country; such as unemployment, inequality, poverty, fraudulent electoral process, corruption, skewed federalism, porous nature of the Nigeria’s borders, sabotage among politicalelites, bad governance, religious intolerance, citizen-settler controversies, among others.
32
Itsekor, Lucky. "A Need for Investment in Nigerian Crude Oil Refining and Infrastructures: A Panacea to Refined Petroleum Shortages and Economic Growth." Archives of Business Research 8, no. 4 (April 12, 2020): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.84.7951.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the abundance of occurring natural crude oil resources, Nigeria continually suffers shortages of refined petroleum products, which undermines economic development of the country. The purpose of this multicase study was to explore the strategic role of how investment in petroleum refineries and infrastructures can improve supply and hence mitigate shortages or scarcity of refined petroleum products in the petroleum supply chain and enhance economic development in Nigeria. The research participants comprise of ten senior leaders from two private-sector Nigerian downstream petroleum supply companies located in the Niger Delta region, who had effectively implemented strategies for petroleum supply. The conceptual framework for the study was the resource based view theory. Data were collected through semistructured face-to-face interviews and review of operational and policy documents from the supply or marketing petroleum companies. Data were transcribed, analyzed, and validated through member checking and triangulation. The discoveries indicate the need to establish more refineries, privatize the existing moribund refineries, and build more infrastructures in Nigeria. Findings may be used by petroleum leaders and investors to optimize available crude oil natural resources, and to create investment strategies in the petroleum supply chain, leading to product availability, sustainability, poverty reduction, and economic development in Nigeria.
33
Kalama, John, and Jacob Ogedi. "NONVIOLENT COUNTERTERRORISM MEASURES AND INTERNAL SECURITY OF AFRICAN STATES: A REVIEW OF NIGERIA’S AMNESTY POLICY." International Journal of Innovative Research in Education, Technology & Social Strategies 8, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijiretss.v8.i1.11.
Full textAbstract:
This paper strived to unravel the impact of nonviolent counterterrorism measures on the internal security of African states with specific reference to Nigeria’s amnesty policy in Niger Delta region. The study adopted the rational choice theory of terrorism as its theoretical framework and derived its data from secondary sources which included official policy documents from, Nigeria’s amnesty office including textbooks, journal articles and internet materials etc. Data collected from these sources were analysed through qualitative method and content analysis. Findings from the study shows that nonviolent counterterrorism measures and strategies through post-conflict disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programmes have helped in resettling several ex-combatants and their families back to the society in several African states including Nigeria, Burundi, Rwanda, Liberia, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) etc. In the same vein, the study observed that the use of military force (violent counterterrorism measures and strategies) by states has also helped to escalate and prolong conflicts in Africa. Some recommendations were made which included the need to strengthen civil-military relations especially in the area of intelligence gathering and dissemination. There is need for African states to also engage in counter-radicalization of their citizens through massive investments in education, public enlightenment and socio-economic development, and the provision of basic social amenities.
34
Hervé, DRAMA Bedi Guy, and Yao Kouadio Ange-Patrick. "Oil Price, Budget Deficit, Money Supply and Inflation in WAEMU Countries." Asian Journal of Economic Modelling 6, no. 3 (July 6, 2018): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.8.2018.63.317.326.
Full textAbstract:
The main target of this paper is to explore both in short and long run the effects of world oil price, budget deficit and money growth on inflation in West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) running the period of 1990 to 2016. In that end, we utilized the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test approach developed by Pesaran et al. (2001) and the granger causality test. The empirical investigation indicates strong evidence of long run relationship among variables in all countries covered by the study except Togo. Oil price and inflation are positively linked in a very large majority of the member countries. There is positive and significant relationship between budget deficit and price level in Burkina Faso and Niger. In addition, our empirical work supports strong evidence that monetary expansion is positively linked with price level in Burkina Faso, Mali and Togo. In short run, the Granger causality demonstrated that budget deficit doesn’t cause money growth in WAEMU countries. It should be mentioned that the oil price has not an impact on inflation in all countries at short term. So, the main finding of this study is that oil price drives up inflation in the WAEMU zone in long term, but not in short time. As policy implication, the study suggests, among others, some improvements in growth policy, trade policy, general tax policy, raw material production, fuel efficiency and diversity.
35
ALLEN, FIDELIS. "IMPLEMENTATION OF NIGERIA NATURAL RESOURCE CHARTER: A FRAMEWORK FOR ADDRESSING OIL MINING COST IN THE NIGER DELTA." WILBERFORCE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES 3, no. 1 (March 10, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/wjss/8102.30.0110.
Full textAbstract:
Good governance of natural resources in resource-rich countries has always faced a huge challenge. Making natural resource governance more responsive to the needs of the people and their environment is a key concern among those who argue that sustainable extraction is crucial for development. In the case of oil and gas, regimes, — regulations, laws, policies and institutions– have continued to evolve, as part of efforts by governments to manage these resources in affected countries. Yet, regime performance has persistently fallen below expectations, especially in the developing world. Failure has been noticed in many areas, including flawed extractive activities, violation of human rights and insensitivity to community and environmental wellbeing. Academics and practitioners of repute prepared the Natural Resource Charter (NRC) to serve as a framework for influencing governance of natural resources in the direction of development. Does the charter have prospects of helping to build a language of policy advocacy with governments, companies, civil society and host communities for the purpose of improving resource governance? Relying on secondary data and those derived from a roundtable on delayed impact of clean up of Ogoniland, held in Port Harcourt on 24 November, 2017, (where questions of socio-economic and environmental costs of oil mining were addressed from the perspectives of the Charter), this paper answers slightly affirmatively. This might happen because the precepts themselves proceed on the premise that, making natural resources beneficial to countries depends mainly on governance. It depends on the character of decisions or choices made by citizens, governments and other actors.
36
Sample, E. D., B. E. Evans, M. A. Camargo-Valero, N. G. Wright, and T. G. Leton. "Understanding the drivers of sanitation behaviour in riverine communities of Niger Delta, Nigeria: the case of Odi and Kaiama communities." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 3 (August 18, 2016): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.050.
Full textAbstract:
Recent reports show that between 1990 and 2012, among countries, Nigeria had the highest increase in the absolute number of open defecators. Bayelsa State makes a huge contribution to these numbers as almost 70% of residents lack access to improved sanitation. The adoption of Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) as national policy has improved sanitation in the country, but progress has been slower or non-existent in riverine communities where open defecation persists. In communities where defecation is directly into water bodies evidence of the practice is hidden, which may hinder attempts to trigger community-wide behaviour change. This study evaluates sanitation in two riverine communities of Bayelsa State. It applied qualitative multiple-case methodology using observations, interviews and focus group discussions to explore existing sanitation behaviours. Field notes and interview transcripts were analysed using NVivo and qualitative content analysis. Findings highlight physical, cultural and economic drivers inhibiting the successful implementation of CLTS in riverine communities of Bayelsa State. Findings suggest that to be effective, sanitation interventions in riverine communities, where defecation is predominantly into water bodies, may need to make use of modified tools and also be coupled more strongly with development of supply chains for appropriate sanitation goods and services.
37
Korotayev, Andrey V. "Estimates of the possible economic effect of the demographic dividend for sub-Saharan Africa for the period up to 2036." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 2 (2022): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080019128-7.
Full textAbstract:
An acceleration of economic growth in Tropical Africa is currently expected due to the demographic bonus. These expectations are based on the assumptions of an accelerating decline in fertility in the countries of Tropical Africa. At the same time, it should be noted that a significant number of countries in the region have faced rather long periods of no decline in fertility, or even some fertility increase. Accordingly, the scenario of an accelerated fertility decline is by no means guaranteed. Moreover, in order to receive a demographic bonus, a specific employment policy (aimed at full-time employment) is required, as well as policies related to wages and social issues. However, the implementation of these measures should not be taken for granted; it is possible that they will not be implemented. This raises the question of the difference between development scenarios taking place with or without such measures. We model these two scenarios and compare them, revealing a significant impact of the demographic bonus on GDP per capita, which should be expected in various African countries under the scenario of an accelerated decline in fertility. For Nigeria and Niger, the differences in growth rates are most pronounced, and the demographic bonus is the largest. An accelerated decline in fertility could boost economic growth in Nigeria by 2.5 times, or 2.7 percentage points. However, this scenario is definitely not guaranteed. Our analysis provides several reasons to seriously doubt the prospects for an “automatic” fertility transition in Tropical Africa in the next few decades.
38
Hemba, Stephen, and Philip Ogbonnia Phil-Eze. "Implementation of EMP in EIA Follow-Up of Oil and Gas Projects in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A Case of Bayelsa and Rivers States." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 77, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.77.1.23960.
Full textAbstract:
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is an off-shoot of environmental impact assessment (EIA) and is used during the implementation of a project to manage physical, socio-economic and health concerns identified during the assessment. Oil and gas production activities in Nigeria take place in a very delicate ecological region of the Niger Delta. Since the introduction of EMPs for projects in the oil and gas sector in Nigeria, the extent of their implementation according to best practices is still poorly understood. The apparent limited knowledge on the implementation of EMPs puts environmental sustainability at great risk. This study evaluated the implementation of the Environment Management Plan of oil and gas production projects in the Bayelsa and Rivers States in the Central Niger Delta sub-region. Twelve case studies were selected from the region using a multi-level selection method which involved both random and purposive sampling techniques. The two states were purposively selected since they have the highest number of EMPs and the oldest history of oil production in Nigeria. The implementation of the EMPs within cases was scored using a check list which included 18 indicators developed based on the best practice principles of EIA follow-up. Findings show that the implementation of the EMPs is inadequate with an average score of 46.3%. The study concludes that the implementation of EMP is poorly handled and does not adequately address the approval conditions. The study recommends that more analysis and similar studies should be undertaken in other sectors and jurisdictions in order to better understand the implementation of EMP.
39
Saidou, S., D. G. Iro, and J. M. K. Ambouta. "Socio-economic determinants of best land management practices adoption in highly anthropized areas: case study of Dan Saga and Tabofatt village clusters in Niger republic." Agro-Science 20, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v20i1.10.
Full textAbstract:
The objective sought by this study is to highlight the socio-economic determinants that could be helpful in scaling up of best land management practices in high demographics areas. Indeed, a survey was carried out in Dan Saga and Tabofatt two villages’ clusters in order to identify the driver factors which explain the high adoption of best land management practices in these areas. The data were collected from 200 farmers (100 from each cluster), randomly chosen. The survey addressed the likelihood of farmer to use agroforestry practices and or erosion control practices, on the basis of four socioeconomics variables: the educational level of farmer (Instr), the distance between their farm and habitation (Prox), the possession of Harnessed Cultivation Unit (HCU) and the land tenure status (Land). Data were subjected to an analysis by statistical modeling of logistic regression. The results show that agroforestry technology is predominated in Dan Saga cluster (90% of citation for agroforestry practices) compare to Tabofatt cluster where people use mostly erosion control practices (76% of citation for erosion control practices). Among the socioeconomics variables, three main factors significantly influenced the adoption of best land management; the educational level of peasants, the modality of land tenure by purchase and by inheritance and the possession of harness unit. In addition, the main land management technologies perform a high profitability compare to state of inaction. These results could serve as a lever for scaling up of regreening policy in other degraded areas of Sahel’s region.
40
E. Afun, Nana Efua, Grace E. Aye, Linda L. Yevoo, Sue Godt, Charity Binka, Vicky Okine, and Irene A. Agyepong. "Establishing communities of practice to improve health policy, systems and reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health in West Africa." Ghana Medical Journal 56, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v56i3s.5.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: To explore and analyse factors that facilitate and inhibit the initiation and functioning of a national and transnational Community of Practice (CoP) for health policy and systems (HPS) and Reproductive, Maternal, New-born, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCAH) in West Africa and to identify lessons for CoP interventions in similar multilingual low and middle-income contexts.Design: A case study, with the case defined as processes, enablers and barriers to the initiation and functioning of a national and transnational CoP for HSP and RMNCAH in West Africa and drawing on a review and analysis of secondary data from the program, workshop, country team and project reports, and training sessions.Setting: The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).Participants: Professionals from two Anglophone (Ghana and Sierra Leone) and four Francophone (Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger e Senegal) ECOWAS countries.Interventions: Training and mentoring of multi-disciplinary country teams supported by small research grants to undertake formative evaluation and advocacy of priority HPS and RMNCAH issues; support for CoP development within and across country teams.Results: The desire to learn from peers and mentors was a major enabler of the process. Human and financial resource availability, competing demands for time, communication in the context of a Francophone-Anglophone official lan-guage divide and the arrival of COVID-19 were all constraints.Conclusions: This study highlights the processes, achievements, and challenges of establishing country-level and transnational CoPs in West Africa. CoPs require sustained human and financial resource investments, communication and medium-to-long-term implementation support for sustainability and impact.
41
Ibiam, Amah Emmanuel, and Hemen Philip Faga. "INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ RIGHTS OVER NATURAL RESOURCES: AN ANALYSIS OF HOST COMMUNITIES RIGHTS IN NIGERIA." Lampung Journal of International Law 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v3i2.2402.
Full textAbstract:
The many States are engulfed in crises over natural resources in the form of claims and counterclaims over who should exercise legal authority over the resources located within the state territory. In Nigeria, the agitation over control of natural resources has led to militancy and rebellion against the federal government and multinational oil companies. The debate on who should control and manage natural oil resources in Nigeria exists at the local community level, the federating states level, and the federal government level. This paper x-rayed the varying contentions of these agitations from an international law perspective. It adopted the doctrinal method to explore international human rights instruments and other legal and non-legal sources to realize the result and arrive at persuasive conclusions. The paper concluded that although international law guarantees states’ exercise of sovereign rights over their natural resources, it safeguards the right of indigenous peoples and communities to manage the natural resources found within their ancestral lands to deepen their economic and social development. It also concluded that the Niger Delta indigenous peoples and oil-producing communities are entitled to exercise some measure of control and management of the processes of exploitation of the natural resources found within their lands. The paper calls on the Nigerian government to fast-track legal and policy reforms to resource rights to indigenous host communities of natural resources in Nigeria.
42
Innocent, Akor Abbah. "Contributions of Tertiary Education in Sub-Sahara Africa." Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy 6, no. 10 (October 21, 2022): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2022.v06i10.003.
Full textAbstract:
This article reviewed the contributions of Tertiary Education in Sub-Sahara Africa. It extols the impact of the global application of education in social, economic and political development in sub-Sahara Africa. The paper highlighted the Aims of tertiary education in sub-Sahara Africa such as Production of the much-needed high-level manpower essential for the nation’s growth and development, provision of centers of excellence in teaching, research and storehouses of knowledge for nurturing the manpower needs of the nation, promotion and encouragement of scholarship and community services, teaching and research and development. The Conceptual Links of the contributions of tertiary Education in sub-Sahara Africa were succinctly analyzed in the paper. Similarly, the Crux of Tertiary Education in sub-Sahara Africa was meticulously explained in the review. Some African Countries with concrete commitments to Tertiary education such as Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Djibouti, Guinea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal and Uganda were showcased in the study. It further unveiled the Challenges of tertiary Education in sub-Sahara Africa such as inadequate funding, inadequate teaching staff, poor policy implementation, lack of resources, lack of information communication technology facilities, frequent labour disputes and closures of tertiary institutions, brain drain and poor leadership. The paper was recapped by putting forward the prospects to effective tertiary education in sub- Sahara Africa.
43
Abu, Robin, Kumar Patchigolla, Nigel Simms, and E. J. Anthony. "Natural Gas Flaring Management System: A Novel Tool for Sustainable Gas Flaring Reduction in Nigeria." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 31, 2023): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031866.
Full textAbstract:
The use of hydrocarbon fuels increases with population growth and rising standards of living, and so does natural gas flaring. Natural gas flaring is both a waste of natural resources and a violation of Nigeria’s energy policy for sustainable development through natural gas conservation. However, it remains the most cost-efficient and effective associated natural gas (ANG) management option in developing countries such as Nigeria. The World Bank’s initiative to eliminate routine gas flaring by 2030 has increased the need to limit or eliminate routine gas flaring. Often, studies on natural gas utilisation techniques fail to consider the lack of practical tools that integrate economic, technical, and regulatory factors into a gas flaring management framework, and the intricacies of existing tools, which often come at the expense of simplicity to achieve real-time information output. This paper aims to establish a framework and ANG management tool to reduce regular gas flaring in Nigeria. This research established a management framework (using a flowchart decision tree) and models to provide a user-friendly ANG flaring tool (using a MATLAB graphical front end user interface with back-end ASPEN HYSYS thermodynamic models). This was combined with techno-economic models for liquefied natural gas, gas-to-methanol, and gas-to-wire ANG utilisation options. The tool was then tested with data obtained from Fields Y and X in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The results, considering both economic and technical factors, showed that the choice of liquefied natural gas for Field Y was best due to its proximity to the pipeline infrastructure and its cost-effectiveness, and the availability of a high-demand LNG market for that area. For Field X, gas-to-wire was best due to its proximity to the electrical grid and high electricity requirements for that area. Additional geographical profiles in West Africa and ANG utilisation alternatives were recommended for further investigation. This paper developed and validated a one-of-a-kind ANG flaring management tool that incorporates techno-economic analysis of selected ANG utilisation options to assist operators and investors in making more profitable investment decisions.
44
Jaiblai, Prince, and Vijay Shenai. "The Determinants of FDI in Sub-Saharan Economies: A Study of Data from 1990–2017." International Journal of Financial Studies 7, no. 3 (August 12, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs7030043.
Full textAbstract:
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can bring in much needed capital, particularly to developing countries, help improve manufacturing and trade sectors, bring in more efficient technologies, increase local production and exports, create jobs and develop local skills, and bring about improvements in infrastructure and overall be a contributor to sustainable economic growth. With all these desirable features, it becomes relevant to ascertain the factors which attract FDI to an economy or a group of adjacent economies. This paper explores the determinants of FDI in ten sub-Saharan economies: Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Cameroun, and Senegal. After an extensive literature review of theories and empirical research, using a set of cross-sectional data over the period 1990–2017, two econometric models are estimated with FDI/GDP (the ratio of Foreign Direct Investment to Gross Domestic Product) as the dependent variable, and with inflation, exchange rate changes, openness, economy size (GDP), income levels (GNI/capita (Gross National Income) per capita), and infrastructure as the independent variables. Over the period, higher inflows of FDI in relation to GDP appear to be have been attracted to the markets with better infrastructure, smaller markets, and lower income levels, with higher openness and depreciation in the exchange rate, though the coefficients of the last two variables are not significant. These results show the type of FDI attracted to investments in this region and are evaluated from theoretical and practical viewpoints. FDI is an important source of finance for developing economies. On average, between 2013 and 2017, FDI accounted for 39 percent of external finance for developing economies. Policy guidelines are formulated for the enhancement of FDI inflows and further economic development in this region. Such a study of this region has not been made in the recent past.
45
Sampson, Ebong Mbuotidem, Victory Udoh, Nsidibe Mbuotidem Sampson, Comfort Abraham, and Joseph Ogbobula. "Environmental And Socio-Economic Effects Of Timber Exploitation In Imo River Estuary, Eastern Obolo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria." International Journal of social Sciences and Economic Review 1, no. 1 (June 21, 2019): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36923/ijsser.v1i1.29.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: This study was carried out to evaluate the environmental and socio-economic effects of timber harvesting as well as to identify the drivers increasing the rate of timber exploitation in Imo River Estuary, Eastern Obolo Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria.
Methodology: It was conducted in five Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Eastern Obolo Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. A random sampling technique was employed to select a total of 300 respondents composed of 60 randomly selected respondents from each of the five LGAs. A structured questionnaire was used in collecting information from the respondents. Data acquired from the field was subjected to statistical and econometric analysis which included percentages, frequencies, Likert scale rating, exploratory factor analysis, and Chi-square,
Main Findings: The major finding of this study was that the major cause of timber exploitation in the study area was unemployment, absence of forest regulations, unstable government policies, lack of trained officials, and high cost of timber products. The application of the Factor Analysis Model in this study showed that loss of biodiversity, the disappearance of forest cover, damaging of immature trees and non-wood forest products are the highest environmental effects of timber exploitation in the study area, loading far higher than the stated 0.3 decision score value. Among the social effects, high cost of farm labor is the most severe of social effects in the study area, while the increased cost of wood and forest product and high cost of living ranked highest among the economic effects.
Applications: The study will be of great importance to environmental policy makers, conservationists, researchers, and Geographers in Nigeria. It will contribute significantly to knowledge build-up in relation to restoring the sanctity of threatened forests in Southern Nigeria.
Novelty/Originality: The Niger Delta region of Nigeria where this study was carried out is often synonymous with militancy and the problems of environmental pollution. However, this study veers from these already known challenges to peculiar drivers of the depleting forests in this area. The study, therefore, will contribute to the scanty literature related to the subject matter within the study area.
46
Dada, Sara, Henry Charles Ashworth, Marlene Joannie Bewa, and Roopa Dhatt. "Words matter: political and gender analysis of speeches made by heads of government during the COVID-19 pandemic." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 1 (January 2021): e003910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003910.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has put a spotlight on political leadership around the world. Differences in how leaders address the pandemic through public messages have practical implications for building trust and an effective response within a country.MethodsWe analysed the speeches made by 20 heads of government around the world (Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Finland, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Russia, South Africa, Scotland, Sint Maarten, United Kingdom, United States and Taiwan) to highlight the differences between men and women leaders in discussing COVID-19. We used an inductive analytical approach, coding speeches for specific themes based on language and content.FindingsFive primary themes emerged across a total of 122 speeches on COVID-19, made by heads of government: economics and financial relief, social welfare and vulnerable populations, nationalism, responsibility and paternalism, and emotional appeals. While all leaders described the economic impact of the pandemic, women spoke more frequently about the impact on the individual scale. Women leaders were also more often found describing a wider range of social welfare services, including: mental health, substance abuse and domestic violence. Both men and women from lower-resource settings described detailed financial relief and social welfare support that would impact the majority of their populations. While 17 of the 20 leaders used war metaphors to describe COVID-19 and the response, men largely used these with greater volume and frequency.ConclusionWhile this analysis does not attempt to answer whether men or women are more effective leaders in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, it does provide insight into the rhetorical tools and types of language used by different leaders during a national and international crisis. This analysis provides additional evidence on the differences in political leaders’ messages and priorities to inspire citizens’ adhesion to the social contract in the adoption of response and recovery measures. However, it does not consider the influence of contexts, such as the public audience, on leaders’ strategic communication approaches.
47
Gunasekara, N. K., S. Kazama, D. Yamazaki, and T. Oki. "The effects of country-level population policy for enhancing adaptation to climate change." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 11 (November 12, 2013): 4429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4429-2013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The effectiveness of population policy in reducing the combined impacts of population change and climate change on water resources is explored. One no-policy scenario and two scenarios with population policy assumptions are employed in combination with water availability under the SRES scenarios A1b, B1 and A2 for the impact analysis. The population data used are from the World Bank. The river discharges per grid of horizontal resolution 0.5° are obtained from the Total Runoff Integrating Pathways (TRIP) of the University of Tokyo, Japan. Unlike the population scenarios utilized in the SRES emission scenarios and the newest representative concentration pathways, the scenarios employed in this research are based, even after 2050, on country-level rather than regional-level growth assumptions. Our analysis implies that the heterogeneous pattern of population changes across the world is the dominant driver of water stress, irrespective of future greenhouse gas emissions, with highest impacts occurring in the already water-stressed low latitudes. In 2100, Africa, Middle East and parts of Asia are under extreme water stress under all scenarios. The sensitivity analysis reveals that a small reduction in populations over the region could relieve a large number of people from high water stress, while a further increase in population from the assumed levels (SC1) might not increase the number of people under high water stress considerably. Most of the population increase towards 2100 occurs in the already water-stressed lower latitudes. Therefore, population reduction policies are recommended for this region as a method of adaptation to the future water stress conditions. Population reduction policies will facilitate more control over their future development pathways, even if these countries were not able to contribute significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission cuts due to economic constraints. However, for the European region, the population living in water-stressed regions is almost 20 times lower than that in the lower latitudes. For countries with high population momentum, the population policy scenario with fertility-reduction assumptions gained a maximum of 6.1 times the water availability in Niger and 5.3 times that in Uganda compared with the no-policy scenario. Most of these countries are in sub-Saharan Africa. These countries represent 24.5% of the global population in the no-policy scenario, and the scenario with fertility-reduction assumptions reduces it to 8.7% by 2100. This scenario is also effective in reducing the area under extreme water stress in these countries. However, the policy scenario with assumptions of population stabilization at the replacement fertility rate increases the water stress in high-latitude countries. Nevertheless, the impact is low due to the high per capita water availability in the region. This research is expected to widen the understanding of the combined impacts of climate change in the future and of the strategies needed to enhance the space for adaptation.
48
TWOMLOW, STEVE, BEKELE SHIFERAW, PETER COOPER, and J. D. H. KEATINGE. "INTEGRATING GENETICS AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR TECHNOLOGY TARGETING AND GREATER IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE SEMI-ARID TROPICS." Experimental Agriculture 44, no. 2 (April 2008): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479708006340.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYGood management of natural resources is the key to good agriculture. This is true everywhere – and particularly in the semi-arid tropics, where over-exploitation of fragile or inherently vulnerable agro-ecosystems is leading to land and soil degradation, productivity decline, and increasing hunger and poverty. Modern crop varieties offer high yields, but the larger share of this potential yield can only be realized with good crop management. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), working over a vast and diverse mandate area, has learned one key lesson: that technologies and interventions must be matched not only to the crop or livestock enterprise and the biophysical environment, but also with the market and investment environment, including input supply systems and policy. Various Natural Resource Management (NRM) technologies have been developed over the years, but widespread adoption has been limited for various reasons: technical, socio-economic and institutional. To change this, ICRISAT hypothesizes that ‘A research approach, founded on the need to integrate a broad consideration of technical, socio-economic and institutional issues into the generation of agricultural innovations will result in a higher level of adoption and more sustainable and diverse impacts in the rainfed systems of the semi-arid tropics.’ Traditionally, crop improvement and NRM were seen as distinct but complementary disciplines. ICRISAT is deliberately blurring these boundaries to create the new paradigm of IGNRM or Integrated Genetic and Natural Resource Management. Improved varieties and improved resource management are two sides of the same coin. Most farming problems require integrated solutions, with genetic, management-related and socio-economic components. In essence, plant breeders and NRM scientists must integrate their work with that of private and public sector change agents to develop flexible cropping systems that can respond to rapid changes in market opportunities and climatic conditions. The systems approach looks at various components of the rural economy – traditional food grains, new potential cash crops, livestock and fodder production, as well as socio-economic factors such as alternative sources of employment and income. Crucially the IGNRM approach is participatory, with farmers closely involved in technology development, testing and dissemination. ICRISAT has begun to use the IGNRM approach to catalyse technology uptake and substantially improve food security and incomes in smallholder farm communities at several locations in India, Mali, Niger, Vietnam, China, Thailand and Zimbabwe.
49
Udeh, Shedrack Chijioke, and Chinedu Nwokorobia. "Implications for National Security in Nigeria." African Journal of Social Issues 4, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajosi.v4i1.4.
Full textAbstract:
The federal government of Nigeria ordered the partial closure of all land borders with her neighbours such as Benin Republic, Cameroun, Chad and Niger on the 20th August, 2019.The decision by the Nigerian government was to curb smuggling of contra-band agro-allied products (especially rice and poultry products), petroleum products (especially premium motor spirit), reduce influx of illegal migrants, control proliferation of small arms and light weapons and, finally to strengthen internal security of the country. However, this government policy has resulted in increase in inflation rate to above 11.85 percent, closure of business by some manufacturing companies, loss of jobs, increase in security challenges, and also a breach of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) protocols and African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) guidelines etc. The study aimed at identifying the factors responsible for border closure, the implications for the closure for national security in Nigeria, and solutions to address these problems. It adopted secondary method of data collection which includedtextbooks, journals, newspapers, magazines and internet information. The study adopted frustration-aggression theory as its theoretical framework. The study adopted library research and documentary evidence as its instruments of data analysis. The findings of the study showed that border closure has resulted in inflationary pressure, increase in local rice production, unemployment due to lay-offs etc. The study recommended installation of security equipment /device that can track down illegal migrants and smugglers of contra-band goods, strict adherence to ECOWAS protocols and AfCFTA guidelines etc.
50
O’Brien, Gordon C., Chris Dickens, Chris Baker, Retha Stassen, and Frank van Weert. "Sustainable Floodplains: Linking E-Flows to Floodplain Management, Ecosystems, and Livelihoods in the Sahel of North Africa." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 10578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410578.
Full textAbstract:
Floodplains are particularly important in the semi-arid region of the Sub-Sahelian Africa. In this region, water governance is still being developed, often without adequate information and technical capacity for good, sustainable water resource management. However, water resources are being allocated for use with minimal sustainability considerations. Environmental flows (e-flows) include the quantity and timing of flows or water levels needed to meet the sustainable requirements of freshwater and estuarine ecosystems. Holistic regional scale e-flows linked to floodplain management can make a noticeable contribution to sustainable floodplain management. The Inner Niger Delta (IND) in Mali is an example of a vulnerable, socio-ecologically important floodplain in the Sahel region of North Africa that is being developed with little understanding of sustainability requirements. Although integrally linked to the Upper Niger River catchment, the IND sustains a million and half people within the region and exports food to surrounding areas. The flooding of the Delta is the engine of the socio-economic development as well as its ecological integrity. This paper aims to demonstrate the contribution that holistic regional e-flow assessment using the PROBFLO approach has to achieving floodplain sustainability. This can be achieved through the determining the e-flow requirements to maintain critical requirements of the ecosystems and associated services used by local vulnerable human communities for subsistence and describing the socio-ecological consequences of altered flows. These outcomes can contribute to the management of the IND. In this study, the socio-ecological consequences of altered flows have been evaluated by assessing the risk of alterations in the volume, duration, and timing of flows, to a number of ecological and social endpoints. Based on the risk posed to these endpoints by each scenario of change, an e-flow of 58% (26,685 million cubic meters (MCM) of water annually) was determined that would protect the ecosystem and maintain indicator components at a sustainable level. These e-flows also provide sustainable services to local communities including products for subsistence and limit any abnormal increases in diseases to the vulnerable African communities who live in the basin. Relative risk outputs for the development scenarios result in low-to-high-risk probabilities for most endpoints. The future development scenarios include insufficient flows to maintain sustainability during dry or low-flow periods with an increase in zero flow possibilities. Although unsuitable during the low-flow or dry periods, sufficient water is available through storage in the basin to meet the e-flows if these scenarios were considered for implementation. The IND is more vulnerable to changes in flows compared to the rivers upstream of the IND. The e-flow outcomes and consequences of altered flow scenarios has contributed to the management of vulnerable IND floodplains and the requirements and trade-off considerations to achieve sustainability.