Relevant bibliographies by topics / Niger, history

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Niger, history'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Niger, history"

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Lemarchand, Rene, and Finn Fuglestad. "A History of Niger, 1850-1960." American Historical Review 90, no. 3 (June 1985): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1861088.

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Vansina, Jan. "Valleys of the Niger." Journal of African History 36, no. 3 (November 1995): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700034514.

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Falola, Toyin, E. J. Alagoa, F. N. Anozie, and N. Nzewunwa. "The Early History of the Niger Delta." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 25, no. 1 (1991): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485563.

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Loewenberg, Samuel. "Niger welcomes largest bednet distribution in history." Lancet 367, no. 9521 (May 2006): 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68630-3.

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Enemugwem, John H., and Darlington K. Okere. "The Role of N.C. Ejituwu in the Development of Niger Delta Historiography." History in Africa 35 (January 2008): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.0.0016.

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The history of history-writing in the Niger Delta was first developed by E.J. Alagoa. However, his work, which covers the periods from 1508 to 1988, does not go into the twenty-first century. This is the case as well for N.C. Ejituwu, who extended the Delta historiography to 1999 but without including his own innovations. For this reason, this paper discusses the innovations brought by Ejituwu's role in the development of Niger Delta historiography. These are his contributions to the training of historians, the introduction of feminist history, biographical writing, and history concourse. Others include his reconstruction of the settlement histories of many Eastern and Central Niger Delta groups. Its impact on the development of the Delta historiography, analyzed here, furthered historical research in the region. Although largely a study of the work of N.C.Ejituwu, this paper is also intended as an overview of Niger Delta regional history of history writing.According to Ake, development concerns human creativity, socially or economically. N.C. Ejituwu has demonstrated his creativity in historical writing on aspects of the Niger Delta, a region of some 75,000 square kilometers stretching from the Mahin estuary in the west to the Cross River estuary in the east. This most southerly region of Nigeria has about fifty linguistic groups located on its islands and peninsulas. Historical writing in the Delta concerns these fifty clans of the Ijo ethnic nationality. Their settlement histories have been documented by Alagoa, Cookey, and Ejituwu.
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Echenberg, Myron, and Jean Filipovich. "African Military Labour and the Building of the Office du Niger Installations, 1925–1950." Journal of African History 27, no. 3 (November 1986): 533–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700023318.

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In 1926, the Governor-General of French West Africa issued a decree allowing local administrations to use a portion of the annual military draft as labourers on public works programmes. The only administrations to take full advantage of this decree was that of the French Soudan, where work had already begun on the first phase of the vast Niger irrigation scheme now known as the Office du Niger. During the next twenty-five years, more than fifty thousand so-called ‘second-portion’ workers from Soudan were assigned to the Office du Niger for a period of three years' service. Ironically, this new system of forced labour to exploit the irrigated land.
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Djibo F, Hassane, Alido S, Alio A, Aboubacar S, Hassane M, Leturq F, Nana H. A Gazere, et al. "Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Niger: a family history." Journal of Neurology & Stroke 12, no. 2 (April 6, 2022): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jnsk.2022.12.00497.

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Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inherited disease characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and usually affects boys. The authors reported at the neurology department of the national hospital in Niamey, the case of a family whose boys presented proximal motor deficits in all four limbs, and whose mothers were carriers of cardiomyopathy. The first generation consisted of seven boys and four girls, among which, three boys died of walking disability and breathing disorders, and two of unknown cause. Also, the three girls were carriers of cardiomyopathy and the other died of unknown cause. In the second generation, three boys had died (unknown cause), two were alive and aged 10 and 14 years with walking disability whose balance sheets were abnormal, including CPK (creatinine phosphokinase) and myoglobin. The genetic test showed an out-of-phase duplication of exons 8 to 18 in the latter. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a rare disease. It is important to think about it when there is a family history of limb-girdle deficit in boys, and to systematically search for cardiac disorders in mothers.
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Akinola, Dr Samson Ranti. "Restructuring the Public Sphere for Social Order in the Niger Delta through Polycentric Planning: What Lessons for Africa?" African and Asian Studies 9, no. 1-2 (2010): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921010x491263.

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Abstract The increasing deprivation, neglect and orchestrated politics of exclusion by the Nigerian-state against the people of the Niger Delta can be traced to the structurally-defective and centralized governance arrangements in the Niger Delta. The consequent stiff resistance, violent reactions, militancy and hostage taking triggered by this politics of exclusion in the region have confirmed that people matter in politics. This paper argues that in some ways, the weakness of centralized and structurally-defective governance in the Niger Delta provides an opportunity for community self-governing institutions to play the role that governments and their agencies have abandoned. Using the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, this paper engages in problem solving and solution seeking strategies that could help restructure the public sphere in the Niger Delta. This paper demonstrates principles and practices needed to make polycentric planning, self-governance and adaptive development strategies resolve socio-economic and political crisis. It is in light of this exigency that this paper develops an African Public Sphere Restructuring Model (APSRM) that derives inspirations and workability mechanisms from twelve (12) African development models that cut across several sectors of the economy in the Niger Delta.
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Pollock, Darren A. "NATURAL HISTORY, CLASSIFICATION, RECONSTRUCTED PHYLOGENY, AND GEOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF PYTHO LATREILLE (COLEOPTERA: HETEROMERA: PYTHIDAE)." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 123, S154 (1991): 3–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm123154fv.

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AbstractThe classification of the nine world species of Pytho Latreille is reviewed by study of adult, larval, and pupal stages. Keys are provided for separation of species in these three life stages. Taxonomic changes (senior synonym in brackets) include synonymy of P. fallax Seidlitz 1916 [= P. niger Kirby 1837]; P. americanus Kirby 1837 [= P. planus (Olivier 1795)]; P. deplanatus Mannerheim 1843 is transferred from a junior subjective synonym of P. depressus (Linnaeus 1767) to a junior subjective synonym of P. planus (Olivier 1795). Lectotype designations are provided for the following: P. seidlitzi Blair 1925; P. nivalis Lewis 1888; P. niger Kirby 1837; P. fallax Seidlitz 1916; P. abieticola J. Sahlberg 1875; and P. americanus Kirby 1837. Eight larval stage, and 12 adult stage characters were selected for cladistic analysis. Lacking out-group material, pupal characters were not analysed. Character states were polarized using a generalized out-group composed of the three other genera of Pythinae (all monobasic). Phylogenetic analysis based on these 18 characters suggests four monophyletic species-groups: P. seidlitzi group (P. seidlitzi Blair — North America); P. kolwensis group (P. strictus LeConte – North America, P. kolwensis C. Sahlberg —Fennoscandia and the U.S.S.R., P. nivalis Lewis — Japan); P. niger group (P. niger Kirby — North America, P. abieticola J. Sahlberg — Europe, P. jezoensis Kôno — Japan); P. depressus group [P. planus (Olivier, 1795) — North America, P. depressus (Linnaeus, 1767) — Europe and the U.S.S.R.]. Larval stage synapomorphies are relatively more important in defining the species-groups than are those of the adult stage. The ancestor of Pythidae may have been associated with Coniferae as early as the Jurassic. The common ancestor of Northern Hemisphere Pythinae became isolated upon Laurasia once separation from Gondwanaland occurred near the end of the Jurassic. Two of the species-groups have similar disjunctions in North America, Europe, and Japan. The relatively eastern distributions of the North American member of each suggests that the ancestor of each species-group was Euramerican, and underwent vicariance with the opening of the North Atlantic in the Middle Cretaceous. The present distribution of both species-groups is thought to have been caused by the same vicariant event. The ancestor of the P. depressus group, which is presently circumboreal, was probably widespread and could have been Asiamerican in distribution. In the middle to late Tertiary, evidence suggests that Beringia was covered with coniferous forest, and the ancestor of the P. depressus group probably extended across this land bridge. Final separation between any North American and European/Asian species occurred in the Late Miocene or Pliocene, when a cooling climate made possible the evolution of treeless tundra in the north.
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Gillin, Edward J. "Science on the Niger: Ventilation and Tropical Disease during the 1841 Niger Expedition." Social History of Medicine 31, no. 3 (September 14, 2017): 605–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkx073.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Niger, history"

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Arazi, Noemie. "Tracing history in the inland Niger Delta of Mali : archaeology, oral traditions and written sources." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426077.

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Aghoghovwia, Philip Onoriode. "Ecocriticism and the oil encounter : readings from the Niger Delta." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86488.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study seeks to understand the ways that environmental concerns and the phenomenon of oil production in the Niger Delta are captured in contemporary literary representations. In the thesis, I enlist several works, five poetry collections and a Nollywood video film, produced between 1998 and 2010, to investigate and analyse the different ways they engage with the effects of oil extraction as a form of violence that is not immediately apparent. Amitav Ghosh argues that representing something of such magnitude as oil modernity can only be done adequately through narratives of epic quality such as realist fiction or the historical novel. I move away from Ghosh’s assumptions to argue that the texts, poetry and video film have adequately captured the oil encounter, but not on a grand scale or through realist fiction. I situate Niger Delta representations of the oil encounter within the intellectual frame of petrocultures, a recent field of global study which explores the representational and critical domain within which oil is framed and imagined in culture. In their signification of what I call the “oil ontology”, that is, the very nature and existence of oil in the Delta, lived-experience in its actual quotidian specificity, takes precedence in the imagination of the writers that I study. I propose that the texts, in very different ways, articulate these experiences by concatenating social and environmental concerns with representations of the oil encounter to produce a petro-literary form which inflects and critiques the ways in which oil extraction, in all its social and environmental manifestations, inscribes a form of violence upon the landscape and human population in the oil sites of the Delta. I suggest that the texts articulate a place-based, place-specific form of petroculture. They emphasis the notion that the oil encounter in the Delta is not the official encounter at the point of extraction but rather the unofficial encounter with the side-effects of the oil extraction. The texts, in very different ways address similar concerns of violence as an intricate feature in the Delta, both as a physical, spectacular phenomenon and as a subtle, unseen category. They conceive of violence as a consequence of the various forms of intrusion and disruption that the logic of oil extraction instigates in the Niger Delta. I suggest that the form of eco-poetics that is articulated gives expression to environmental concerns which are marked off by an oily topos in the Delta. I maintain that in projecting an artistic vision that is sensitive to environmental and sociocultural questions, the writings that we encounter from this region also make critical commentary on the ontology of oil. The texts conceive the Niger Delta as one that provides the spatial and material template for envisioning the oil encounter and staging a critique of the essentially globalised space that is the site of oil production.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die maniere waarop omgewingsbelange en die instellings van olieproduksie in die Delta van die Niger-rivier vasgevang word in kontemporêre letterkundige voorstellings. In my tesis gebruik ek verskeie werke – vyf versamelings van gedigte en ‘n Nollywood [Nigeriese] video, almal geskep tussen 1998 en 2010 – om die verskillende wyses waarop hierdie tekste omgaan met die gevolge van olie-ontginning, as ‘n vorm van geweld wat nie onmiddellik opvallend is nie, na te vors en te analiseer. Amitav Ghosh argumenteer dat, om ‘n fenomeen van sulke geweldige omvang soos olie-moderniteit uit te beeld, slegs na behore uitgevoer kan word in narratiewe van epiese dimensies; byvoorbeeld realistiese fiksie of die historiese roman. Ek beweeg weg van Ghosh se aannames deur te argumenteer dat die tekste (gedigte en ‘n video-film) wel die olie-ervaring behoorlik vasvang, maar nie op groot skaal soos in realistiese fiksie nie. Ek plaas die Niger-Delta uitbeeldings van die olie-ervaring binne die groter raamwerk van Petro-kulture: ‘n nuwe studiegebied wat die voorstellings- en kritiese domein waarbinne olie gekonseptualiseer en kultureel verbeel(d) word, ondersoek. In hul voorstellings van die olie-ontologie van die Delta neem die ervaringswêreld in sy daaglikse werklikhede (in die gekose skrywers se uitbeelding daarvan) ‘n sentrale plek in. Ek konstateer dat die tekste, hoewel op heel uiteenlopende maniere, hierdie ervarings artikuleer deur sosiale en omgewings-oorwegings byeen te bring met uitbeeldings van die olie-ervaring ten einde ‘n petro-literêre vorm te skep wat die maniere waarop olie-ontginning, in al die sosiale en omgewings-effekte daarvan, ‘n vorm van geweld op die landskap en die menslike bevolking van die olie-ontginningsgebiede van die Delta inskryf, inflekteer en krities analiseer. Ek stel dit dat die tekste ‘n plek-gebaseerde en gebieds-spesifieke vorm van Petrokultuur artikuleer. Hulle benadruk die feit dat die olie-ervaring in die Delta nie die offisiële ontmoeting by die ontginningspunt is nie, maar eerder die onoffisiële ondervinding van die newe-effekte van die olie-ontginningsproses. Op hul verskillende wyses spreek die tekste ‘n ooreenstemmende besorgdheid uit aangaande die ingewikkelde rol wat geweld in die Delta speel – beide as ‘n fisiese, ooglopende fenomeen en as ‘n subtiele, ongesiene kategorie. Die tekste konseptualiseer geweld as seinde die gevolg van die verskeie vorme van ingryping en versteuring wat deur die logika van die olie-ontginningsproses in die Niger-Delta meegebring word. Ek suggereer dat die vorm van eko-poëtika wat hier geartikuleer word, uitdrukking gee aan omgewings-oorwegings wat in die Delta deur ‘n olie(rige) topos omgrens word. Ek maak die stelling dat, deur middle van ‘n artistieke visie wat gevoelig is vir omgewings-en sosiale vrae, die tekste wat in hierdie gebied ontstaan, kritiese kommentaar bied op die ontologie van olie. Die tekste verbeel die Niger-Delta as ‘n gebied wat die ruimtelike en materiële templaat voorsien om die olie-ervaring te visualiseer en te konseptualiseer, om sodoende ‘n kritiek te skep van die geglobaliseerde ruimte van olie-produksie.
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Loftsdóttir, Kristín 1968. "The bush is sweet: Identity and desire among the WoDaaBe in Niger." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298750.

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The dissertation focuses on the WoDaaBe Fulani in Niger, seeking to understand identity in a global context, analyzing streams of power and desire that have characterized the life of the WoDaaBe. The first part of the dissertation discusses expressions of WoDaaBe identities and desires in the contemporary world, as well as identifying the present situation of the WoDaaBe as one of great marginality. The WoDaaBe ethnic identity is created through processes of exclusion and inclusion within social and natural environments. The WoDaaBe perceive themselves as both separated from and a part of nature, depending on the context in which their identification is placed. They maintain strong boundaries from other ethnic groups in Niger, through specific visual markers of identity and by identifying WoDaaBe-ness as attached to certain moral qualifies that are combined with various social practices. The ideas of herding and control of one's feelings and desires remain key symbols in WoDaaBe social and ethnic identity. Many young WoDaaBe work in cities because they lack animals for basic subsistence in the bush, thus negotiating their identity in these new circumstances. The second part of the dissertation traces the history of WoDaaBe involvement in an interconnected world, showing that WoDaaBe have been connected to State and global processes for a long time. Various factors have led to an expansion of cultivated land, pushing herding communities further north and reducing available grazing land. While the WoDaaBe are becoming increasingly marginalized within the national economy of Niger, they have become popular in the West as symbols of the "native." Similarities can be observed between the dominant development ideology's conception of the typical herder and of the popular imagination of the WoDaaBe, characterizing them as unproductive, traditional and simple. The WoDaaBe representation is placed in a broad historical context of images of the Other, demonstrating that the encounters between WoDaaBe and Westerners take place within fields of unequal power relations.
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Kozlová, Tereza. "Nigérie v historické perspektivě, její zahraniční politika a současné problémy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4297.

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The thesis "Nigeria in Historic Perspective, Its Foreign Policy and Current Problems"describes a historic development of Nigeria including current political and economic situation after parliamentary and presidental elections in spring 2007. Historical outline forms the introductory part of the thesis, which is followed by general analysis of Nigerian foreign policy and its activity in chosen African and other international organizations. The other part of the chapter contains an analysis of mutual relations between Nigeria and its surrounding states -- Benin, Niger, Chad, Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea. Next chapter characterizes the oil conflict in the Niger Delta and possible suggestions for its solutions. The closing part presents summary of discovered information.
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Vikør, Knut S. "The oasis of salt the history of Kawar, a Saharan centre of salt production /." Bergen, Norway : Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/42684340.html.

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Atutu, Theresa. "The historical ecology of oil in Nigeria. : The social, economic and environmental impact in the Niger Delta and how the Nigerian government, oil companies and local communities interact because of oil." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354614.

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Filipovich, Jean 1947. "The Office du Niger under colonial rule : its origin, evolution, and character, 1920-1960." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67462.

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The Office du Niger irrigation scheme, located on the Niger River in the Republic of Mali, originated in a grandiose but seriously flawed proposal devised in 1920 by a French colonial Public Works engineer named Emile Bélime. Originaly conceived as a means of transforming the Niger Valley into a cotton belt, and later promoted as the heart of a French West African granary, the scheme never attained more than a tiny fraction of its presumed agricultural potential. Its construction and exploitation required the forced uprooting of tens of thousands of Africans. It absorbed a large portion of scarce colonial revenues until after the Second World War and generated no profits. During the inter-war period, the Office du Niger gradually acquired the de facto status of a state within the State, with Emile Bélime at its head. When the scheme was finally recognized as an economic and humanitarian failure in 1945, colonial authorities endeavoured to eliminate its worst shortcomings and give it a new identity as a prototype of economic and technical assistance to an underdeveloped area. After 1961, Malian leaders felt that the scheme could be used as a pilot project for agricultural development in the new republlc, and the scheme's existence has dictated the course of Malian agricultural policy ever since.
Le projet d'irrigation de l'Office du Niger, situé dans le delta intérieur du Niger au Mali, est né d'une proposition très insuffisante mais grandiose conçue en 1920 par un ingénieur des Travaux Publics Coloniaux, Émile Bélime. Conçu à l'origine comme un moyen de transformer la Vallée du Niger en une vaste plantation de coton, et envisagé par la suite comme le grenier central de l'Afrique Occidentale, ce projet n'a jamais atteint qu'une petite partie de son potentiel agricole espéré. Sa réalisation et sa mise en exploitation on nécessité le déracinement par contrainte de dizaines de milliers d'Africains. Même après la deuxième guerre mondiale, le projet a absorbé encore une grande partie des revenus coloniaux, déjà limités, mais il n'a généré aucun revenu. Pendant l'entre-deux-guerres, l'Office du Niger a acqui petit à petit le statut de facto d'un état dans l'État, dirigé par Émile Bélime. En 1945, quand le projet a été finalement reconnu comme une échec sur le plan économique et humanitaire, les autorités coloniales ont essayé de corriger les erreurs les plus graves et lui ont accordé le nouveau statu de prototype pour d'autres projets d'assistance économique et technique aux régions sous-développées. En 1961, le Gouvernement du Mali, qui avait récemment accédé à l'indépendance, pensait en faire un projet pilote pour le développement agricole du pays. Sa réalisation détermine encore aujourd'hui la politique agricole du Mali. fr
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Odey, Gregory A. "The Ogoni Uprising in Nigeria: the Niger-Delta Crisis and its Impact on Nigeria’s Unity, 1980-1999." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3973.

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In 1956, shortly before Nigeria’s independence, Shell BP found crude oil in Oloibiri Bayelsa State marking a turning point in the socioeconomics and politics of the nation. Since then, oil has grown into a major export commodity comprising over ninety-five percent of the nation’s gross national product. The region is one of the world’s largest ecosystems, but due to the ongoing pollution, a direct result of the oil companies lacks potable water. This study addresses this humanitarian crisis and examines the agency of Nigeria’s federal government and the collaboration with multinational oil corporations’ contributions to the environmental deconstruction in the region. The thesis further investigates the historical moments building towards the uprising in Ogoniland, centered around the leader Ken-Saro Wiwa, who was killed by the Nigerian government. It examines social movements in the region, and aims to tie the local question to the federal question of unity in the country.
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Ogaji, Ofinjite Joy. "The viability of applying alternative dispute resolution processes in the Niger Delta conflict." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/60366/.

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As the resource related conflict in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria escalates at a furious pace, it is becoming clear that traditional means of dispute resolution (such as litigation and violence) are no longer applicable. Research has also shown that no method of dispute resolution can be efficient, equitable and administratively practicable without the collective effort of all parties involved; individuals, institutions and non-governmental organizations need to work together to develop a countrywide ability to design an effective conflict resolution system. While there is a perceived need for a viable dispute resolution process, to date, no concerted effort has been made to harness relevant experiences and build a network of practitioners skilled in the management of such conflicts. The emerging Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods (which do not involve litigation) may offer opportunities to resolve disputes in the Niger Delta region more effectively than litigation-based means. In view of this, this research assesses indigenous dispute resolution processes in terms of their potential applicability as alternative dispute resolution processes for the Niger Delta conflict. The review also provides insights into the criteria used to support decision making as it relates to choosing the most appropriate dispute resolution process. To do this, this research advocates a hybrid model (an integration of both customary indigenous process and westernised mediation process). The choice of a hybrid model is predicated on the assumption that the Niger Delta is a hub for investors, where both locals (indigenes) and outsiders (foreigners) interact and relate together in pursuit of a common goal. Experience at the grass roots level in one community may also provide guidance for conflict resolution at similar levels in other communities.
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Diouf, Abdoulaye. "Influence du régime des feux d'aménagement sur la structure ligneuse des savanes nord-soudaniennes dans le Parc du W, Sud Ouest Niger." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209610.

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L'équilibre arbre-herbe dans la savane tropicale est reconnu comme l'une des principales

énigmes de l'écologie des plantes. Les origines du difficile équilibre entre ces formes de vie

sur des dizaines de millions de kilomètres carrés à l'échelle mondiale sont en partie attribuées

aux perturbations fréquentes induites par les feux de végétation dont les effets varient dans

l'espace et dans le temps selon les conditions environnementales. Les résultats de recherche

dépendent de l’échelle et les conclusions tirées d’études locales sont rarement transposables à

d’autres échelles. La question du transfert d'échelle s’avère donc cruciale dans l'étude des

effets du feu, et nécessite une approche transdisciplinaire.

En raison de la variété des échelles couvertes, cette étude constitue une première dans la

confrontation de données sur l’historique des feux dérivé de l'imagerie satellitaire à des

données de terrain incluant des mesures détaillées sur la structure et la composition de

végétation, ainsi que des propriétés édaphiques et topographiques. Elle s’est focalisée sur la

composante ligneuse de par son caractère pérenne et son influence sur les processus

écologiques majeurs. Sur une zone de plus de 2000 km², le Parc National du W du Niger

(PNWN), où le feu est utilisé comme outil pour la gestion et la conservation des écosystèmes

semi-arides, une carte de l'historique des feux a été élaborée à partir d'images MODIS de 250

m de résolution spatiale et de résolution temporelle journalière couvrant une période de sept

années (2002-2009). Pour comprendre la variabilité, à la fois dans l'espace et le temps, de la

propagation du feu dans la végétation, nous avons étudié les caractéristiques de distribution

des feux en termes de régime du feu (i.e. période d'occurrence et fréquence) et de structure

spatiale (métriques paysagères). Les relations causales plausibles entre les régimes du feu, les

conditions édaphiques et topographiques à l'échelle régionale comme locale, et les

caractéristiques de la végétation ligneuse (composition et structure) ont été examinées à

travers des analyses multivariées et des modèles d'équations structurales. Nous avons aussi

examiné plus en détails les stratégies adaptatives mises en oeuvre par les ligneux, et les

interactions biologiques qui sous-tendent l'organisation spatiale des ligneux à travers une

approche des processus ponctuels.

Les résultats montrent que l'activité du feu dans le PNWN se caractérise par une hétérogénéité

spatio-temporelle induite principalement par les conditions édapho-topographiques via la

structure de la végétation ligneuse. Les feux précoces de gestion créent des pare-feux

efficaces, limitant une large extension des feux de saison tardifs. Cependant, ces feux tardifs

pourraient ne pas être aussi destructifs comme qu’on le suppose généralement. En effet,

l'adaptation des espèces aux différents régimes defeu correspond à des stratégies de croissance

contrastées. Dans le cas des feux tardifs, les surfaces terrières et hauteurs moyennes les plus

fortes sont rencontrées, permettant aux arbres de résister au feu. Quant aux zones non

affectées par les feux l'analyse "patron-processus" désigne clairement la facilitation entre

ligneux comme un processus fondamental de l'organisation spatiale périodique du couvert, une

structure émergente qui empêche le passage du feu. Bien qu’ils ne se substituent pas aux

études expérimentales, ces résultats basés sur une expérimentation naturelle à large échelle

apportent des informations nouvelles précieuses tant au niveau fondamental que pour la mise

en place d'une gestion raisonnée du PNWN.

The tree-grass equilibrium in tropical savanna is recognized as one of plant ecology's main

conundrums. The origins of the difficult balance between these life forms over tens of millions

of square kilometers worldwide are in part attributed to the frequent disturbances caused by

vegetation fires effects of which vary in space and time depending on local environmental

factors. Research results are scale-dependent and findings from local studies are rarely

transposable to higher levels of ecosystem organization. The question of scaling (scale

transfer) is therefore crucial in the study of fire effects, and requires a multidisciplinary

approach.

Because of the variety of scales covered, this study is a premiere in the confrontation of

satellite-imagery derived fire history data with detailed field data including measurements of

vegetation parameters (structure and composition), as well as soil and topographic properties.

The study focuses on the woody component, because of its perennial character and its

influence on major ecological processes. On an area of more than 2000 km², the W National

Park of Niger (WNPN) where fire is used as a tool for the management and conservation of

semi-arid ecosystems, a fire history map was elaborated from MODIS images with a 250 m

spatial resolution and a daily temporal resolution over a period of seven years (2002-2009). To

understand the variability, both in space and time, of fire propagation in vegetation, we studied

the fire distribution characteristics in terms of fire regime (i.e. timing and frequency) and

spatial structure (landscape metrics). Plausible causal relationships at regional and local scales

between fire regimes, edaphic and topographic conditions, and the woody vegetation

(composition and structure) characteristics were examined through multivariate analyses and

structural equations models. We also examined in detail the woody species adaptive strategies

as well biological interactions, which underlie their spatial organization, using point statistics.

Results show that the WNPN fire's activity is characterized by spatial and temporal

heterogeneity induced mainly by edaphic and topographic conditions via the structure of the

ligneous component. Prescribed early season fires create effective firewalls, limiting wide late

season fires. However, these late fires might not be as destructive as is commonly assumed.

Indeed, species adaptation to different fire regimes corresponds to contrasting growth

strategies. In the case of late fires, increased basal areas and mean tree heights were

encountered, enabling trees to resist fire and escape flames. As for the unburned areas, the

"pattern-process" analysis clearly indicates that facilitation between shrubs is a fundamental

process determining the woody cover periodic spatial organization, an emergent structure that

prevents fire spread.

Although they do not replace experimental studies, these results based on a large-scale natural

experiment provide valuable new information both on a fundamental level and for setting up

the rational management of the WNPN.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Books on the topic "Niger, history"

1

Le Niger. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2002.

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Salifou, André. Histoire du Niger. [Niamey, Niger]: Agence de coopération culturelle et technique, 1990.

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Ukpabi, Sam C. Mercantile soldiers in Nigerian history: A history of the Royal Niger Company army, 1886-1900. Zaria, Nigeria: Gaskiya Corp., 1987.

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Historical dictionary of Niger. 2nd ed. Metuchen, N.J: Scarecrow Press, 1989.

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Historical dictionary of Niger. 3rd ed. Lanham, Md: Scarecrow Press, 1997.

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Musée national des arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie., ed. Vallées du Niger. Paris: Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux, 1993.

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Idrissa, Abdourahmane. Historical dictionary of Niger. 4th ed. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2012.

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Salomone, Giosuè. Biancavilla e i Niger. Catania: G. Maimone, 2014.

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Musée national des arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie., Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde (Netherlands), and France. Commissariat général de l'exposition "Vallées du Niger"., eds. Valleys of the Niger. [Paris]: Ministère de la coopération, Commissariat général de l'exposition "Vallées du Niger", 1995.

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Roy, Robert Le. Méhariste au Niger: Souvenirs sahariens. Paris: Karthala, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Niger, history"

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Burns, Alan. "The Niger Coast Protectorate." In History of Nigeria, 171–81. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003363088-14.

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Burns, Alan. "The Royal Niger Company." In History of Nigeria, 157–70. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003363088-13.

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Korotayev, Andrey, Leonid Issaev, Anna Ilyina, Julia Zinkina, and Elena Voronina. "Revolutionary History of Niger: From Independence to 2023 Coup." In Terrorism and Political Contention, 169–94. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53429-4_9.

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Rossi, Benedetta. "Slavery in Francophone West Africa." In The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History, 583–604. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13260-5_33.

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AbstractMultiple forms of labor coercion were common in West Africa in the first half of the twentieth century. This chapter focuses on two of them: one, based on interior slavery, was rooted in the longue durée of regional history. The other, colonial forced labor, was exogenous and introduced by European colonialists between the mid-nineteenth and the early twentieth century. In Tahoua, the region of today’s Republic of Niger that this chapter focuses on, these two forms of coerced labor co-existed. In 1905 France abolished indigenous slavery in its recently acquired African territories and concurrently introduced a regime of compulsory labor for the building and maintenance of colonial infrastructure. In spite of French legal abolition, indigenous slavery did not die out, but started being contested and resisted more effectively by those who had been enslaved. Those formerly enslaved to local slaveowners and their descendants were also the first to be forcibly recruited to carry out construction work on colonial worksites. These two regimes of coerced labor, with different ideological origins, became intertwined and underwent substantial changes throughout the twentieth century. Their legacies have continued influencing labor relations and forms of personal dependence into the present day.
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Raghavan, V., Changjun Jiang, and Rageeva Bimal. "Expression of a Rice Histone Gene during Pollen Developmental Transformations inHyoscyamus niger (Henbane)." In Angiosperm Pollen and Ovules, 32–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2958-2_7.

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Grimm, Linda. "Global Response to Political Situation in Uganda, Niger, and Tanzania : January 13, February 23, April 13, and April 16, 2021." In Historic Documents of 2021, 62–72. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320: CQ Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071853429.n5.

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Norris, H. T. "The Later History of the Maḥmūdiyya." In Ṣūfī Mystics of the Niger Desert, 124–46. Oxford University Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198265382.003.0009.

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Norris, H. T. "Sīdī Maḥmūd in history and myth." In Ṣūfī Mystics of the Niger Desert, 150–65. Oxford University Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198265382.003.0010.

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"Sɔmɔnɔ Identity in History and Tradition." In Somono Bala of the Upper Niger, 1–30. BRILL, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004492172_008.

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Göpfert, Mirco. "A History of the Gendarmerie in Niger." In Policing the Frontier, 19–40. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501747212.003.0002.

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This chapter traces the history of the Nigerien gendarmerie. The gendarmes and their colonial predecessors—the tirailleurs, méharistes, gardes de cercle, and colonial gendarmes—have always worked in vast rural Niger, populated almost exclusively by subsistence farmers and pastoralists. Since the early twentieth century, these “strangers” have disciplined the rural population, managed the French colonial, later Nigerien national territory, spread French as the national language, established bureaucratic procedures, and imposed French colonial, then Nigerien national law. They have been advancing into a sphere they perceived as an “institutional vacuum” open to legitimate intrusion and in need of a new social order. Working between the known and the unknown, the familiar and the unfamiliar, rural police forces tried to make society legible to govern it and turn a social hieroglyph into an administratively more convenient format of numbers and texts. At the same time, they attempted to impose a normative order on what they perceive as a savage and chaotic illegitimate sphere. The gendarmes have been pushing this frontier ever since; yet it cannot be crossed—it is the bureaucratic horizon that moves with them.
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Conference papers on the topic "Niger, history"

1

Solanke, Bolarinwa. "Resolving fault shadow challenge: Onshore Niger Delta case history." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2017. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2017-17733222.1.

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Onwuchekwa, Chukwuma, Linda Dennar, Suleiman Ahmed, Olatunji Bakare, and Chima Emelle. "Adjoint-Based Assisted History Matching: A Niger Delta Field Case Study." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/189155-ms.

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O. Idowu, A. "Seismic modelling for gasfield development in offshore Niger delta - A case history." In 55th EAEG Meeting. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201411424.

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Idowu, A. O. "Areal 3D Seismic Methods for Reservoir Characterization Case History From the Niger Delta." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/24744-ms.

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Solanke*, Bolarinwa, Uche Aigbokhai, Magnus Kanu, and Gislain Madiba. "Impact of accounting for velocity anisotropy on depth image; Niger Delta case history." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2014-1076.1.

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Ogbuagu, Frank, and Abraham Tsakporhore. "Tackling Watercut History Matching Challenges for Proximal Wells- A Niger Delta Case Study." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/193522-ms.

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Onayemi, John, and Oladele Sunday. "Reconstruction of the subsurface depositional history of onshore Niger delta basin through basin analysis approach." In International Conference and Exhibition, Barcelona, Spain, 3-6 April 2016. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/ice2016-6255545.1.

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Onayemi, J. R., and S. S. Oladele. "Reconstruction of Subsurface Depositional History of Onshore Niger Delta through Electro- and Seismo-sequence Analyses." In 78th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2016. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201600908.

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Oshilike, Ishioma, Bella Mmata, Paschal Ugwu, Martins Otokpa, Chidinma Ibekwe, Okeke Hilary, and Mike Onyekonwu. "Fingerprint Analysis of Light Crude Oils from Niger Delta." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212002-ms.

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Abstract Crude oil fingerprinting is a term applied to techniques that utilize geochemical analysis of hydrocarbon fluids composition to provide valuable information for well, reservoir and spill management. Analysis of crude oil fingerprints reveals a typical oil profile. Such a profile can provide information on formation history, type of carbon number preference during formation and route of migration. This study was undertaken using whole oil fingerprint and biomarkers of oils from twenty well strings from an onshore field in the Niger Delta Region. The aim was to evaluate light crude oils and determine thermal maturity, source rock quality, depositional environment and condensate correlation. The crude oil samples were analyzed using two major analytical techniques namely Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Evaluation of light hydrocarbon components was done using Mango parameters K1, K2, P2, P3 and N2 and the results revealed terrigenous organic matter input. Biomarker composition and pristane/phytane ratios in the range of 3.51 to 6.83 derived from GC results show that the source rock of the oils is made up of majorly terrestrial (type III) organic matter, deposited in a deltaic setting with prevailing oxic conditions. Maturity parameters calculated from Carbon Preference Indices between the range of 0.87 and 1.44 indicate the source is matured. The study provides key information on source characteristics that are applied to describe the type of petroleum prospects of a region. This study also provides information on condensate correlation, which has production implications such as application to production allocation.
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Ojo, Charles, Iyabo Sindiku, and Monday Agbuza. "Stratigraphic and structural volume visualization of a deltaic marine fan complex, Niger Delta Nigeria: A case history." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3054832.

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