Relevant bibliographies by topics / Niger river basin

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Niger river basin'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Niger river basin"

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Okoli, Chucks. "The Hydrometeorology of Niger River Basin." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 613–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.613.

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This paper examines the mean annual cycle of rainfall and general circulation features over the Niger River Basin consisting of mainly West Africa and Central Africa regions. Rainfall is examined using a 1400-station archive compiled by earlier workers. Other circulation features are examined using the NCEPNCAR reanalysis dataset. Important features of the reanalysis zonal wind field are shown to compare well with the seasonal evolution described by the radiosonde observations. In addition to the well-known African easterly jet (AEJ) of the Northern Hemisphere, the seasonal evolution of its Southern Hemisphere counterpart is also described. Thermal wind calculations show that although the southern jet is weaker, its existence is also due to a local reversal of the surface temperature gradient. In the upper troposphere, a strong semiannual cycle is shown in the 200-mb easterlies and a feature like the tropical easterly jet (TEJ) is evident south of the equator in January and February. The paper describes the movement of the rainbelt between central and West Africa. An asymmetry in the northward and southward migration of the rainbelt is evident. The paper discusses the influence that the jets may have on rainfall and possible feedback effects of rainfall on the jets. Evidence suggests that the midtropospheric jets influence the development of the rainy season, but also that the rainfall affects the surface temperature gradient and in turn the jets. In the Northern Hemisphere, east of 200E, the axis of the TEJ is located so that it may promote convection by increasing upper-level divergence. However, west of 100E and in the Southern Hemisphere, the location of the TEJ is consistent with the suggestion that it is the equatorward outflow of convection that produces the TEJ. The paper notes that rainfall and river flow is largely influenced by groundwater base flow, and a return to sustained river flow requires replenishment of the aquifers, which is possible only with cumulative raining years. The paper confirms that there is correlation between the decrease in rainfall and low river flows.
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Sorí, Rogert, Raquel Nieto, Anita Drumond, and Luis Gimeno. "The Niger River Basin Moisture Sources: A Lagrangian Analysis." Atmosphere 8, no. 12 (February 14, 2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos8020038.

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Ogilvie, Andrew, Gil Mahé, John Ward, Georges Serpantié, Jacques Lemoalle, Pierre Morand, Bruno Barbier, et al. "Water, agriculture and poverty in the Niger River basin." Water International 35, no. 5 (November 4, 2010): 594–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2010.515545.

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Andersson, Jafet C. M., Abdou Ali, Berit Arheimer, David Gustafsson, and Bernard Minoungou. "Providing peak river flow statistics and forecasting in the Niger River basin." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 100 (August 2017): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2017.02.010.

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Akana, Tombra, and Olubunmi Adeigbe. "Channel characteristics and planform dynamics of the lower Niger River, Niger Delta Basin (1985–2015)." Geology, Geophysics and Environment 45, no. 4 (January 25, 2020): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geol.2019.45.4.291.

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This study used repeat satellite imagery and Geographic Information System analysis to assess the plan-form dynamics along the length of the lower Niger River Valley from Onitsha city to the coast between 1985 and 2015. The aim is to understand the altered dynamics and its plausible causes in this data-poor region. Analyses revealed that the Niger River has undergone change corresponding to enhanced instability in terms of an increased rate of erosion. In the study area, a change was observed from 3.7% of deposition in the first 10 years (1985–1995) to 3.9% of erosion in the next 10 years (1995–2005) and 4.7% of erosion in the last 10 years (2005–2015). Total erosion over the 30-year period (1985–2015) in the delta was calculated on 4.8%. The river channel has migrated toward the east in the upper and lower reaches while the mid-section of the channel is migrating towards the west. The east river bank is observed to be more unstable compared to west bank line through the study period. The maximum shifts identified were 3.35 km of deposition in 10 years (1985–1995), 3.31 km of erosion in the next 10 years (1995–2005), and another substantial erosional shift of 3.35 km in the next 10 years (2005–2015). Avulsion rates gradually moved from −42.1 m ∙ year−1 (1985–2005, segment F) to 100.2 m ∙ year−1 (1985–1995, segment D), large deposition in the first 10 years. Total avulsion rates of the delta in the last 30 years (1985–2015) has pointed on erosion (−2.2 m ∙ year−1). The altered dynamics observed would likely threaten the future of the frag-ile lower river system environment and raise concerns for operators with infrastructure within the Niger Delta.
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Aich, Valentin, Bakary Koné, Fred Hattermann, and Eva Paton. "Time Series Analysis of Floods across the Niger River Basin." Water 8, no. 4 (April 21, 2016): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w8040165.

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Landis, Steven T., Babak Rezaeedaryakenari, Yifan Zhang, Cameron G. Thies, and Ross Maciejewski. "Fording differences? Conditions mitigating water insecurity in the Niger River Basin." Political Geography 56 (January 2017): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2016.10.002.

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Werth, S., D. White, and D. W. Bliss. "GRACE Detected Rise of Groundwater in the Sahelian Niger River Basin." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 122, no. 12 (December 2017): 10,459–10,477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017jb014845.

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Sorí, Rogert, Raquel Nieto, Anita Drumond, Milica Stojanovic, and Luis Gimeno. "On the Connection between Atmospheric Moisture Transport and Dry Conditions in Rainfall Climatological Zones of the Niger River Basin." Water 11, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030622.

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The hydroclimatology of the Niger River basin, located in West Africa, is very complex. It has been widely studied because of its importance to the socioeconomic activities of the countries that share its natural resources. In this study, to better understand the causes and mechanisms that modulate the rainfall over the Niger River basin, we identified the most relevant moisture sources for precipitation within the basin. The Lagrangian model FLEXPART was utilised to track backward trajectories of air parcels initially losing humidity over climatological rainfall zones of the basin. Along 10-day backward trajectories, we computed the budget of the difference between evaporation and precipitation (E − P) from 1000 to 0.1 hPa, permitting the identification of those regions where moisture uptake ((E − P) > 0) prevail. The study was conducted for the period 1980–2017. Monthly maps of ((E − P) > 0 were developed to illustrate the regions from where moisture is transported, contributing to precipitation in the Niger River basin. The spatial variability of the sources matches the precipitation variability over the basin restricted to surrounding areas of the Niger River basin during months with low average precipitation and widely spreading over the continent and the Atlantic Ocean in months with high average precipitation. During climatological dry months (e.g., December, January and February) the continental sources of West and Northeast Africa and the climatological rainfall zones themselves provide most of the moisture for precipitation. However, during the rainy season, the moisture supplies from oceanic sources increase, becoming greater than the contribution from land-based sources during August (the rainiest month). Dry conditions were identified for each climatological rainfall zone using the Standardised Precipitation Index. Similar to many previous studies, we found that the 1980s were highlighted by dry conditions. Local recycling and particularly moisture uptake from the tropical South Atlantic Ocean seem to be highly related to dry and wet conditions in the basin. A reduction on the moisture uptake from surrounding continental sources and the tropical South Atlantic Ocean is almost persistent during extremely dry conditions. Ascending movements are restricted to the lower troposphere during extremely dry conditions and oscillate latitudinally as well as precipitation.
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Eme, L. C., J. A. Ulasi, A. I. Alade Tunde, and A. C. Odunze. "Hydrokinetic turbines for power generation in Nigerian river basins." Water Practice and Technology 14, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.001.

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Abstract This work presents a design for Hydrokinetic Renewable Energy (HRE), for off grid power generation for remote riverine regions in developing nations. The uniqueness of this technique for power generation using streams and other marine currents to generate electric energy is detailed. The problem of the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the environment, rapid increase in human population, industries, modernization and our lifestyle put immense pressure on most power generation plants and infrastructures. Thus, global warming and carbon footprints of using fossil fuels to generate energy has driven the interest for energy generation from renewable sources. The Upper River Benue and Lower River Niger coastal basins, as well as the River Niger Basin on the Lower Niger sub-basin area of southeastern Nigeria was selected as a case study for the design of the hydrokinetic power generation technology. The results show that for a hydrokinetic turbine the level of power output is directly proportional to the flow velocity. Therefore the cost of its installation is reduced drastically from about $7,900 per installed kW to about $2,500 per kW, is easily assessable, less technical and a familiar motor technology for most of these communities. It is also a predictable form of energy in comparison to other emerging renewable energy fields like wind, solar and wave. Also this form of renewable energy is less harmful to the environment, has a lower noise emission and produces no greenhouse gases or any solid waste. HRE will bring energy security that is essential for the riverine dweller and curb rural urban migration and both improves the rural communities' standard of living and enhances their productivity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Niger river basin"

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Maiga, Fatoumata. "Hydrological Impacts of Irrigation Schemes and Dams Operation in the Upper Niger Basin and Inner Niger Delta." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39051.

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The Upper Niger Basins (UNB) and the Inner Niger Delta (IND) are integral parts of the Niger River Basin, which flows through 10 countries and constitutes the third longest river in Africa. Natural climate variability and human interventions are two major factors affecting the hydrological regime in the UNB and IND. This study focuses on the later factor, by assessing the hydrological impacts of key existing and planned manmade structures and irrigation schemes in the UNB: the Sélingué (existing dam in Mali), four variants of the Fomi/Moussako dam (planned in Guinea), and Office du Niger (irrigation scheme located in Mali). The Fomi /Moussako dam will be located in the headwaters of the UNB and therefore, is expected to alter the hydrological regime in large parts of the watershed. Expected impacts include a reduction of the flood peak which will adversely affect critical ecosystems in the IND, and higher flows directly downstream of the dams in the dry season to sustain irrigation. These higher flows will, however, be consumed by Office du Niger irrigation scheme, leading to possible severe water shortages downstream of the irrigation scheme and in the IND. This is likely to affect the Malian economy and the poorest parts of its population, as the IND is crucial for the socio-economic and ecological preservation and development of the population surrounding it. The hydrological impacts of the dams and the irrigation scheme were evaluated in this study by developing a model of the IND and UNB using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). After the model was calibrated, the effects of the dams and the irrigation scheme on selected flow statistics (mean and standard deviation) were determined at fourteen hydrological stations. In general, the results have shown that (1) the Fomi/Moussako dam will noticeably reduce the downstream high flows, and reduce the average flow; (2) if the Fomi/Moussako dam was to be built, the alternatives with the least storage volume (Moussako 388.5') will have the least impacts on the downstream flows. To assist in related decision making for various users, a Decision Support System (DSS) was also developed. The goal of the DSS is to help users analyze the effects of dams and irrigation on the flow regime by performing a comparative analysis (presence and absence of dams and irrigation in the river). A number of potential adaptation measures were also proposed.
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Adewole, Oriade Emmanuel. "Overpressure in the Northern Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria : mechanisms, predictability and classification." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=211408.

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Daouda, Diallo Balkissa. "Social Impact Assessment of Water Management Projects—The Case of the Niger River Basin." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1534247403271493.

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Onuba, Leonard Nnaemeka. "A preliminary analysis of the basement structure of the Cenozoic Niger Delta basin : insights from high-resolution potential field data." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231939.

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Aich, Valentin [Verfasser], Eva Nora [Akademischer Betreuer] Paton, and Fred Fokko [Akademischer Betreuer] Hattermann. "Floods in the Niger River Basin in the face of global change : analysis, attribution and projections / Valentin Aich ; Eva Nora Paton, Fred Fokko Hattermann." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2015. http://d-nb.info/121840048X/34.

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Bakayoko, Seydou. "L'encadrement juridique international du bassin du fleuve Niger : contribution à l'étude du droit international des cours d'eau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080062.

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La gestion du bassin du fleuve Niger constitue pour les neuf États le partageant un enjeu majeur au niveau régional. Dans la perspective de la stabilisation de leurs relations, les États riverains du bassin ont élaboré un cadre juridique de coopération dans l’utilisation de leurs ressources en eau. Le régime juridique repose ainsi sur un double cadre de coopération - une coopération normative et une coopération institutionnelle - qui pose la question de sa véritable spécificité. Si le régime juridique du bassin du Niger est perçu comme une contribution à l’étude du droit international des cours d’eau, le cadre juridique n’est pourtant pas conçu dans une perspective de dépassement du droit international fluvial. Ce cadre juridique confine ainsi la gestion des eaux du bassin fluvial dans la sphère classique des rapports interétatiques. Le cadre juridique du bassin du fleuve Niger ne révèle donc pas l’existence d’un véritable régime juridique spécifique de gestion des cours d’eau. Cette absence de spécificité ne permet pas de conclure au défaut de pertinence du régime juridique. Sa pertinence réside dans l’encadrement des rapports entre les États et dans l’outil de prévention des différends que représente ce régime. La recherche de la véritable spécificité du régime juridique passe nécessairement par une évolution nouvelle vers une gestion des ressources en eau dans l’intérêt collectif des États riverains. La réception du modèle d’intégration juridique dans le cadre du bassin du fleuve Niger serait un moyen pertinent pour recouvrer la véritable spécificité recherchée. Le cadre normatif et institutionnel pourrait ainsi s’appuyer sur les implications juridiques de la qualification de l’eau du fleuve Niger de « patrimoine commun des États riverains »
The management of the Niger River basin is a major issue for the nine States sharing it at the regional level. In order to stabilize their relations, the riparian States of the Niger River basin have developed a legal framework for cooperation in the use of their water resources. The Niger Basin regime thus relies on a dual framework of cooperation – both normative and institutional – which raises the question of the true specificity of this legal regime. While the legal regime of the Niger River Basin is seen as a contribution to the study of international watercourse law, the international legal framework of the Niger River Basin is not conceived in a perspective of going beyond the traditional tenets of international watercourse law. This legal framework thus confines the management of the waters of the river basin in the classical sphere of interstate relations.The legal framework of the Niger River Basin does not therefore reveal the existence of a specific legal regime for the management of rivers. This lack of specificity does not lead to the conclusion that this legal regime is irrelevant. Its relevance lies in the framework of relations between States and in the dispute prevention instrument that this regime provides. The search for the true specificity of the legal system necessarily involves a new development towards the management of water resources in the collective interest of the riparian States. The reception of the legal integration model in the context of the Niger River basin would be a relevant means to develop a genuine expected specificity. The normative and institutional framework could thus be based on the legal implications of qualifying the water of the Niger River as a "common heritage of riparian States”
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Salami, Yunus. "Risk Management in Reservoir Operations in the Context of Undefined Competitive Consumption." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5478.

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Dams and reservoirs with multiple purposes require effective management to fully realize their purposes and maximize efficiency. For instance, a reservoir intended mainly for the purposes of flood control and hydropower generation may result in a system with primary objectives that conflict with each other. This is because higher hydraulic heads are required to achieve the hydropower generation objective while relatively lower reservoir levels are required to fulfill flood control objectives. Protracted imbalances between these two could increase the susceptibility of the system to risks of water shortage or flood, depending on inflow volumes and operational policy effectiveness. The magnitudes of these risks can become even more pronounced when upstream use of the river is unregulated and uncoordinated so that upstream consumptions and releases are arbitrary. As a result, safe operational practices and risk management alternatives must be structured after an improved understanding of historical and anticipated inflows, actual and speculative upstream uses, and the overall hydrology of catchments upstream of the reservoir. One of such systems with an almost yearly occurrence of floods and shortages due to both natural and anthropogenic factors is the dual reservoir system of Kainji and Jebba in Nigeria. To analyze and manage these risks, a methodology that combines a stochastic and deterministic approach was employed. Using methods outlined by Box and Jenkins (1976), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were developed for forecasting Niger river inflows at Kainji reservoir based on twenty-seven-year-long historical inflow data (1970-1996). These were then validated using seven-year inflow records (1997-2003). The model with the best correlation was a seasonal multiplicative ARIMA (2,1,1)x(2,1,2)12 model. Supplementary validation of this model was done with discharge rating curves developed for the inlet of the reservoir using in situ inflows and satellite altimetry data. By comparing net inflow volumes with storage deficit, flood and shortage risk factors at the reservoir were determined based on (a) actual inflows, (b) forecasted inflows (up to 2015), and (c) simulated scenarios depicting undefined competitive upstream consumption. Calculated high-risk years matched actual flood years again suggesting the reliability of the model. Monte Carlo simulations were then used to prescribe safe outflows and storage allocations in order to reduce futuristic risk factors. The theoretical safety levels achieved indicated risk factors below threshold values and showed that this methodology is a powerful tool for estimating and managing flood and shortage risks in reservoirs with undefined competitive upstream consumption.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering
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Toure, Bayanatou. "Gouvernance des bassins versants transfrontaliers ouest-africains : appropriation et développement partagé des eaux du Niger dans les portions Bénin-Niger-Nigéria." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30027.

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Cette thèse vise la continuité des questions d’échelle à travers la gouvernance de l’eau qui ne peut s’établir à un seul niveau mais doit au contraire envisager tous les niveaux à la fois. Cela constitue une difficulté méthodologique majeure que la gestion internationale ne parvient encore à résoudre. La subsidiarité en était un moyen avec l’inconvénient de séparer brutalement les niveaux d’échelle. Mais le bassin versant considéré comme un espace de projet délimité, dont la gestion ne vise pas seulement son administration mais la coordination de politiques, induit une gestion au-delà des découpages administratifs, avec un processus décisionnel continu et négocié entre acteurs aux pouvoirs de différents niveaux, aux intérêts et aux logiques divers, souvent contradictoires. S’il est partagé par nature, en faire un bien commun impose de franchir l’obstacle de « l’égoïsme » qui peut être attaché à la souveraineté de chaque État sur son territoire. La réalisation d’ouvrages majeurs se détache du principe de « chacun chez soi ». C’est justement ce principe souverainiste qui engendre des hydro-conflits transfrontaliers. Ainsi, s’interroger sur la signification concrète du concept de gouvernance par l’exemple des eaux partagées du fleuve Niger dans ses portions Bénin, Niger et Nigéria, c’est poser le principal problème qui permet de hiérarchiser les différentes pièces du calcul. À travers une démarche inclusive, il sera question d’établir un diagnostic de gouvernance du bassin versant du Niger, d’identifier les impacts d’une telle approche sur le développement des ressources en eau et d'appréhender les pratiques sociales des usagers de l'eau notamment ceux impliqués dans le développement de l’agriculture irriguée et ceux qui subissent les impacts environnementaux qu’engendrent les infrastructures hydrauliques d’envergure à l’instar de Kainji et de Jebba
This thesis is the continuity of scale through the water governance that cannot be established at one level but must instead consider all levels at once. This was a major methodological difficulty that international management is still able to solve. Subsidiarity was a way with the disadvantage to brutally separate scale levels. But the watershed is considered as a project space delimited, whose management is not only the administration but the coordination of policies, induced a management beyond administrative cuts, with an ongoing decision-making process and negotiated between actors in the powers of different levels, interests and various, often contradictory logic. It is shared by nature, make a common good requires the hurdle of "selfishness" that can be attached to the sovereignty of each State over its territory. The realization of major works stands the principle of "everyone home." It is precisely this sovereigntist principle that generates cross-border hydro-conflits. So, wonder about the real meaning of the concept of governance by the example of the shared waters of the Niger River in Benin, Niger and Nigeria portions, this is the main problem that allows to prioritize the different parts of the calculation. Through an inclusive approach, it will issue a diagnosis of governance of the catchment area of Niger, to identify the impacts of such an approach on the development of water resources and to understand the social practices of users of water including those involved in the development of irrigated agriculture and those undergoing environmental impact generate the large-scale like Kainji and Jebba hydraulic infrastructure
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Adam, Mamadou. "La faisabilité économique de la maîtrise de l'érosion hydrique dans un bassin versant partiellement irrigué du fleuve Niger." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10071/document.

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Les aménagements hydro-agricoles de la vallée du fleuve Niger se dégradent à cause des externalités négatives des activités agropastorales d’amont. A ces externalités on ne peut pas appliquer la taxe pigouvienne parce qu’elles sont diffuses, difficiles à évaluer en termes monétaires. Par contre, elles peuvent être maitrisées par des aménagements antiérosifs,lesquels ne sont pas spontanément adoptés par les agro-éleveurs. Le mécanisme de paiement pour des services environnementaux a été proposé pour inciter les pratiques antiérosives au niveau local entre agro-éleveurs pauvres situés en amont et riziculteurs dégageant des surplus rizicoles et situé en aval. Dans ce contexte, les paiements pour des services environnementaux sont-ils des outils incitatifs efficaces. Pour analyser cette problématique, tous les flux agronomiques et économiques ont été modélisés. Des scénarii ont été simulés afin d’évaluer la faisabilité et l’efficacité des mécanismes de paiements pour des services antiérosifs. Les simulations suggèrent que le mécanisme de paiement est intéressant. Les paiements permettent une meilleure redistribution des bénéfices et une réduction de la pauvreté. Tous les usagers sont gagnants. Les uns subventionnent les aménagements antiérosifs et les autres les adoptent. Ils créent des services antiérosifs qui améliorent la durabilité des ressources et une amélioration des revenus des exploitants
The irrigation schemes of the River Niger valley are degrading because of the negative externalities of the agropastoral activities in upstream. To these externalities, we cannot apply the Pigouvian tax because they are diffuse and difficult to be assessed in money terms. Conversely, they can be mastered by erosion control, but that are not spontaneously adopted by agropastoralist. Thus, the mechanism of payment for environmental services has been proposed to study and analyze the possibility for production a sustained services of control erosion at the local level between poor agropastoralists and rice growers who realize production surpluses. Payments for environmental services are incentive tools, which are original and effective in producing sustained services. Flows of agricultural and economic interests have been modeled. Many scenarios have been simulating in order to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of payment mechanisms for erosion control services. The simulations show that the mechanism of payment was interesting between local users. The payment has made a better redistribution of profits and has alleviated poverty. All users are winners. Some users subsidize for an anti-erosion and other users have adopted them. They have created a sustainable anti-erosion service that has supported a more sustainable management of resources and has improved farm incomes
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Cassé, Claire. "Impact du forçage pluviométrique sur les inondations du fleuve Niger à Niamey : Etude à partir de données satellitaires et in-situ." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30236/document.

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Depuis le développement des mesures satellites de nombreuses missions spatiales sont dédiées au suivi de l'atmosphère et de la surface terrestre. Ces travaux de thèse s'inscrivent dans le cadre de la mission Megha-Tropiques dédiée au cycle de l'eau et de l'énergie en zone tropicale. L'objectif est d'évaluer le potentiel des estimations de précipitation par satellite pour des applications hydrologiques en zone tropicale. Les Tropiques réunissent les plus grands fleuves du globe, mais ne bénéficient pas de réseaux d'observation in-situ denses et continus permettant une gestion intégrée efficace de la ressource et des systèmes d'alertes. Les estimations des précipitations issues des systèmes d'observation satellite offrent une alternative pour ces bassins peu ou pas instrumentés et souvent exposés aux extrêmes climatiques. C'est le cas du fleuve Niger, qui a subi une grande variabilité climatique depuis les années 1950, mais aussi d'importants changements environnementaux et hydrologiques. Depuis les années 2000, le Niger moyen connaît une recrudescence des inondations pendant la période de crue Rouge (engendrée par ses affluents sahéliens pendant la mousson). A Niamey, des niveaux record de hauteur d'eau et de période d'inondation ont été enregistrés en 2003, 2010, 2012 et 2013, engendrant de nombreuses pertes humaines et matérielles. Ces travaux analysent l'influence du forçage pluviométrique sur les inondations liées à la crue Rouge à Niamey. Une gamme de produits pluviométriques (in situ et satellite) et la modélisation hydrologique (ISBA-TRIP) sont combinés pour étudier : (i) l'apport des produits satellite pour diagnostiquer la crue Rouge récente, (ii) l'impact des caractéristiques des produits et de leurs incertitudes sur les simulations et enfin (iii) l'évaluation du rôle des précipitations, face aux changements de conditions de surface, dans l'évolution de la crue Rouge à Niamey depuis les années 1950. L'étude a mis en évidence l'impact des caractéristiques des estimations des précipitations (cumul, intensité et distribution spatio-temporelle) sur la modélisation hydrologique et le potentiel des produits satellites pour le suivi des inondations. Les caractéristiques des précipitations se propageant dans la modélisation, la détection des inondations est plus efficace avec une approche relative à chaque produit plutôt qu'avec un seuil absolu. Ainsi des produits présentant des biais peuvent être envisagés pour la simulation hydrologique et la détection des inondations. Le nouveau produit TAPEER de la mission MT présente un fort potentiel hydrologique, en 2012 et pour la zone d'étude. D'autre part, l'étude de la propagation de l'erreur associée à ces précipitations a mis en évidence, la nécessité de déterminer la structure du champ d'erreur pour l'utilisation d'une telle information en hydrologie. Enfin la modélisation a été utilisée comme levier pour décomposer les sensibilités de la crue Rouge aux variations des précipitations et des conditions de surface. Pour simuler les changements hydrologiques entre les périodes 1953-1982 et 1983-2012, les changements d'occupation du sol et d'aire de drainage doivent être pris en compte. Puis les variations des précipitations peuvent expliquer les changements majeurs décennaux et annuels entre les années 1983 et 2012
Since the development of satellite based remote sensing in the 1970s, many missions have been dedicated to monitoring the terrestrial atmosphere and surfaces. Some of these satellites are dedicated to the Tropics with specific orbits. Megha-Tropiques (MT) is devoted to the water and energy cycle in the tropical atmosphere and provides an enhanced sampling for rainfall estimation in the tropical region. This PhD work was initiated within MT hydro-meteorological activities, with the objective of assessing the hydrological potential of satellite rainfall products in the Tropics. The world most important rivers lay in tropical areas where the in situ observation networks are deficient. Alternative information is therefore needed for water resource management and alert systems. The present work focuses on the Niger River a basin which has undergone drastic climatic variations leading to disasters such as droughts and floods. Since 1950, the Niger has been through 3 main climatic periods: a wet period (1950-1960), a long and intense drought period (1970-1980) and since 1990 a partial recovery of the rainfall. These climatic variations and the anthropic pressure, have modified the hydrological behaviour of the basin. Since 2000, the middle Niger River has been hit by an increase of floods hazards during the so-called Red flood period. In Niamey city, the highest river levels and the longest flooded period were recorded in 2003, 2010, 2012 and 2013, leading to heavy casualties and property damage. This study combines hydrological modelling and a variety of rainfall estimation products (satellite and in-situ) to meet several objectives: (i) the simulation of the Niamey Red flood and the detection of floods (during the recent period 2000-2013) (ii) the study of the propagation of satellite rainfall errors in hydrological modelling (iii) the evaluation of the role of rainfall variability, and surface conditions, in the changes of the Red flood in Niamey since the 50s. The global model ISBA-TRIP, is run with a resolution of 0.5° and 3h, and several rainfall products were used as forcing. Products derived from gauges (KRIG, CPC), pure satellite products (TAPEER, 3B42RT, CMORPH, PERSIANN) and mixed satellite products adjusted by rain gauges (3B42v7, RFE2, PERSIANN-CDR). This work confirms the hydrological potential of satellite rainfall products and proposes an original approach to overcome their biases. It highlights the need for documenting the errors associated with the rainfall products and the error structure. Finally, the hydrological modelling results since the 1950s have given a new understanding of the relative role of rainfall and surface conditions in the drastic increase of flood risk in Niamey
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Books on the topic "Niger river basin"

1

Ayo, S. Bamidele. Focus on Niger River Basin Development Authority (NRBDA). Ife-Ife: Research Group on Management Problems of Agricultural and Rural Development Programmes, Obafemi Awolowo University, 1991.

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Lower Niger River Basin and Rural Development Authority. Brief on the activities of the Lower Niger River Basin and Rural Development Authority in Kwara State. Ilorin: The Authority, 1986.

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Olivry, Jean Claude, Martha Jarosewich-Holder, Ousmane Dione, and Inger Andersen. The Niger River Basin. Edited by Katherin George Golitzen. The World Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-6203-7.

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Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin. FAO, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cb1274en.

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1958-, Andersen Inger, and Golitzen Katherin George, eds. The Niger River basin: A vision for sustainable management. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Niger river basin"

1

Gillies, M. T., and J. M. Elouard. "The Mayfly-Mussel Association, a New Example from the River Niger Basin." In Mayflies and Stoneflies: Life Histories and Biology, 289–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2397-3_35.

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Nda, Muhammad, O. D. Jimoh, and Mohd Shalahuddin Adnan. "Estimation of Sediment Concentration of River Dagga, Chanchaga Basin, Niger State, Nigeria." In GCEC 2017, 1467–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8016-6_106.

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Kolawole, Lateef L., Moshood N. Tijani, Rasaq R. Owolabi, and A. Ipoola Okunola. "Sediment Geochemistry and Weathering Indices of Asa River Sediments, Lower Niger River Basin, West Central Nigeria." In Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions, 1419–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70548-4_414.

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Champion, Louis, and Dorian Q. Fuller. "New Evidence on the Development of Millet and Rice Economies in the Niger River Basin: Archaeobotanical Results from Benin." In Plants and People in the African Past, 529–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89839-1_23.

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Ferrini, Luca. "The Niger Basin." In River Basin Organizations in Water Diplomacy, 125–40. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429266270-7.

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"CHALLENGING HYDROLOGICAL PANACEAS: Evidence from the Niger River Basin." In Investing in Water for a Green Economy, 223–43. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203132937-22.

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Esther Babalola, Toju, Philip Gbenro Oguntunde, Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi, and Francis Omowonuola Akinluyi. "Future Climate Change Impacts on River Discharge Seasonality for Selected West African River Basins." In Weather Forecasting [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99426.

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The changing climate is a concern to sustainable water resources. This study examined climate change impacts on river discharge seasonality in two West African river basins; the Niger river basin and the Hadejia-Jama’are Komadugu-Yobe Basin (HJKYB). The basins have their gauges located within Nigeria and cover the major climatic settings. Here, we set up and validated the hyper resolution global hydrological model PCR-GLOBWB for these rivers. Time series plots as well five performance evaluation metrics such as Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE),); the ratio of RMSE-observations standard deviation (RSR); per cent bias (PBIAS); the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency criteria (NSE); and, the coefficient of determination (r2), were employed to verify the PCR-GLOBWB simulation capability. The validation results showed from satisfactory to very good on individual rivers as specified by PBIAS (−25 to 0.8), NSE (from 0.6 to 0.8), RSR (from 0.62 to 0.4), r2 (from 0.62 to 0.88), and KGE (from 0.69 to 0.88) respectively. The impact assessment was performed by driving the model with climate projections from five global climate models for the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. We examined the median and range of expected changes in seasonal discharge in the far future (2070–2099). Our results show that the impacts of climate change cause a reduction in discharge volume at the beginning of the high flow period and an increase in discharge towards the ending of the high flow period relative to the historical period across the selected rivers. In the Niger river basin, at the Lokoja gauge, projected decreases added up to 512 m3/s under RCP 4.5 (June to July) and 3652 m3/s under RCP 8.5 (June to August). The three chosen gauges at the HJKYB also showed similar impacts. At the Gashua gauge, discharge volume increased by 371 m3/s (RCP8.5) and 191 m3/s (RCP4.5) from August to November. At the Bunga gauge, a reduction/increase of -91 m3/s/+84 m3/s (RCP 8.5) and -40 m3/s/+31 m3/s/(RCP 4.5) from June to July/August to October was simulated. While at the Wudil gauge, a reduction/increase in discharge volumes of −39/+133 m3/s (RCP8.5) and −40/133 m3/s (RCP 4.5) from June to August/September to December is projected. This decrease is explained by a delayed start of the rainy season. In all four rivers, projected river discharge seasonality is amplified under the high-end emission scenario (RCP8.5). This finding supports the potential advantages of reduced greenhouse gas emissions for the seasonal river discharge regime. Our study is anticipated to provide useful information to policymakers and river basin development authorities, leading to improved water management schemes within the context of changing climate and increasing need for agricultural expansion.
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Onafeso, Olumide, and Adeyemi Olusola. "Urban Stone Decay and Sustainable Built Environment in the Niger River Basin." In Urban Geomorphology, 261–76. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-811951-8.00013-8.

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N., Juddy, Aondover A.Tarhule, and Muthiah Perumal. "Study of Climate Change in Niger River Basin, West Africa: Reality Not a Myth." In Climate Change - Realities, Impacts Over Ice Cap, Sea Level and Risks. InTech, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55186.

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"Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas." In Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas, edited by John Lyons. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569728.ch18.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—The Wisconsin River is a lowland warmwater river located entirely within the state of Wisconsin. It is the largest river within the state, with a length of 676 km, a drainage basin of 31,800 km<sup>2</sup>, and an estimated mean annual flow at the mouth of 292 m<sup>3</sup>/s. The middle part of the river has been heavily modified by dams and pollution, but the lower portion is relatively nondegraded. A total of 110 native fish species have been recorded from the river, a high number for the upper Mississippi River basin. Only two alien species occur and only one, common carp <em>Cyprinus carpio</em>, is common. Five stateendangered, five state-threatened, and 10 state-special-concern (=vulnerable) fishes are known from the river. Populations of the endangered black redhorse <em>Moxostoma duquesnei</em>, threatened paddlefish <em>Polyodon spathula</em>, blue sucker <em>Cycleptus elongatus</em>, black buffalo <em>Ictiobus niger</em>, and vulnerable western sand darter <em>Ammocrypta clara </em>in the Wisconsin River are among the largest in the state for these species. Historical data are scarce, but it appears that no fish species have been eliminated from the river. However, several species have been extirpated from discrete reaches of the river. Fish species richness decreases from mouth to headwaters, but reach-specific fish assemblage structure and composition and biotic integrity vary in a more complex pattern, most likely as a consequence of habitat fragmentation and isolation by dams and industrial and municipal pollution. In particular, the Prairie du Sac Dam, lowermost on the river, prevents upstream fish movement and causes a sharp drop in species richness and biotic integrity upstream.
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Conference papers on the topic "Niger river basin"

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Sorí, Rogert, Raquel Nieto, Anita Drumond, and Luis Gimeno. "The Niger River Basin Moisture Sources. A Lagrangian Analysis." In The 1st International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecas2016-d005.

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Sorí, Rogert, Raquel Nieto, Anita Drumond, and Luis Gimeno. "Dry and wet conditions in the Niger River Basin and its link with atmospheric moisture transport." In The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecas2017-04150.

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Reports on the topic "Niger river basin"

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Kukushkina, Nataliya. The Niger. Basin of the river. Edited by Nikolay Komedchikov. Entsiklopediya, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/dm2015-12-10-3.

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