Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nigeria. Federal Executive Council

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Academic literature on the topic 'Nigeria. Federal Executive Council'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Nigeria. Federal Executive Council"

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Esoimeme, Ehi Eric. "A critical analysis of the anti-corruption policy of the federal executive council of Nigeria." Journal of Money Laundering Control 22, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-06-2017-0021.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the anti-corruption policy of the Federal Executive Council of Nigeria, to determine whether the policy is working and/or has produced unintended effects. The Federal Executive Council is the body comprising all the Ministers of the Federation, including the President and Vice President. Design/methodology/approach The analysis took the form of a desk study, which analysed various documents and reports such as the Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index, 2008-2016, the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (as amended), the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (Establishment) Act, 2004, the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015, the UK’s Investigatory Powers Act, 2016, the Public Interest Disclosure and Witness Protection Bill, 2017 and the Financial Action Task Force Recommendations, 2012. Findings This paper determined that the anti-corruption policy of the Federal Executive Council of Nigeria could achieve its desired objectives if the following recommendations are implemented: research grants which are sent to Nigerian universities by international and corporate bodies should be exempted from the current treasury single account arrangement. This would enable universities to easily access the funds and disburse the same to qualified students. The Federal Government should follow the guidelines laid down in Section 270 of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 for plea agreements. In other words, the prosecution should only offer a plea bargain to a person who has been charged with an offence. The prosecution should not receive and consider a plea bargain from a person who has not been charged with an offence. Any attempt to water down the effect of Section 270 of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 may weaken the ongoing fight against corruption and money laundering because criminals will be encouraged to continue looting public funds. The Financial Action Task Force Recommendations (Recommendation 3) requires that criminal sanctions for natural persons convicted of money laundering should be effective, proportionate and dissuasive. The Federal Government of Nigeria should introduce a Bill to the National Assembly that would provide a clear framework for the use of investigatory powers by law enforcement, the security and intelligence agencies and other public authorities. This includes the interception of communications, the retention and acquisition of communications data, the use of equipment interference and the retention and use of bulk data by the security and intelligence agencies. The Bill must establish a number of safeguards against the arbitrary or unlawful use of investigatory powers by the executive. The UK’s Investigatory Powers Act, 2016, for example, established a number of safeguards for the retention and acquisition of communications data. Authorisations for obtaining communications data will have to set out why accessing the communications data in question is necessary in a specific investigation for a particular statutory purpose and how it is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved. A police officer who receives information from a whistleblower about money hidden in an apartment should apply to a Court or Justice of the Peace within the local limits of whose jurisdiction he/she is for the issue of a search warrant before conducting a search on the said premises. This procedure is in line with Section 143 of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 and the Court of Appeal decision in Hassan v. E.F.C.C. (2014) I NWLR (Pt. 1389) 607 at 625. The Public Interest Disclosure and Witness Protection Bill, 2017 should be given accelerated consideration in the House of Representatives based on its urgency and significance for the Federal Executive Council’s whistleblowers policy. Research limitations/implications This paper focusses on the anti-corruption policy of the Federal Executive Council of Nigeria from 29 May 2015 to 10 June 2017. It does not address the older policies. Originality/value This paper offers a critical analysis of the new anti-corruption policy of the Federal Executive Council of Nigeria. The paper will provide recommendations on how the policy could be strengthened. This is the only paper to adopt this kind of approach.
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Joyce Mbaebie, Joyce Mbaebie. "Caretaker Committee and Performance of Local Government Council in Anambra State." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 21, no. 4 (May 19, 2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v21i4.1.

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The study focused on the caretaker committee and performance of local Government Council in Nigeria: A study of Anambra State 2008 - 2013. In Nigeria federal structure, the three levels of government have legislative responsibility for various services and functions. The fourth schedule of the constitution outlines the functions and responsibilities of local government. The objective of the study is to: determine if the imposition of the caretaker committee system is a constitutional provision of the local government system in Nigeria especially Anambra State; to determine if the adoption of the caretaker committee by the state government affected the capacity of local government to perform its functions. The theoretical framework adopted focused on structural functional theory propounded by Gabriel Almond and J.S. Coleman in 1960. The study adopted descriptive research design and relied heavily on both primary and secondary data. Questionnaire was the major instrument for data collection and data were analyzed by the use of mean. Based on the data analysis, the following findings were made: the imposition of the caretaker committee system by state government to local governments is unconstitutional, the adoption of the caretaker committee by state government endangered the local government system capacity to perform its constitutional function. The study recommended amongst others that the use of or appointment of local government caretaker committee should be condemned, caretaker committee should be made to spend only three months to allow for a constitutionally elected local government executive. Keywords: Local Government, Caretaker, Committee, Grassroots, Performance.
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Qadir, Adnan. "The Judicial Review of Law-Making Process in Iraq under the Constitution of Republic of Iraq-2005." ISSUE SIX 4, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v4n1y2020.pp37-49.

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The law-making process as a whole vested in the legislative power in the presidential form of government, however in the parliamentary form of government, the executive power participates in the law-making through introducing bills along with legislative initiatives. The Constitution in Iraq grants an original authority to legislate federal laws to the Council of Representatives, however the executive power namely the President and the Council of Ministries participates in the process through introducing government bills to the Council of Representatives. Although the Constitution clearly identifies two methods through which bills shall be presented to the Council of Representatives, there have been disagreements over the constitutionality of laws legislated based legislative initiatives not government bills. The Federal Supreme Court has decided differently on different occasions by depriving the legislative power of its right to initiate in some cases or by putting restrictions in some other cases. This research analyzes the line drawn between the Council of Representatives and the executive power in the process of law-making at its first stage and then examines the Federal Supreme Court’s understanding in the light of the text of the Constitution.
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Lawan, Mamman. "Abuse of powers of impeachment in Nigeria." Journal of Modern African Studies 48, no. 2 (May 19, 2010): 311–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x10000212.

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ABSTRACTThe powers of impeachment provided under the Nigerian constitution provide a means of checking the excesses of certain executive officers who enjoy the privilege of constitutional immunity against civil or criminal proceedings while they remain in office. Instead of being invoked in appropriate circumstances, however, this article shows that these powers have been abused. It examines cases of impeachment at the state level during the Obasanjo administration and shows how constitutional provisions were flagrantly breached. It provides evidence that the federal government was complicit in such cases, even though under the federal structure by which Nigeria operates, impeachment at the state level is exclusively a state business. It argues that the abuses are a symptom of imbalance of power between the executive and the legislature as well as evidence of the limits of constitutionalism in the face of politics.
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McQuoid–Mason, David. "LEGAL AID IN NIGERIA: USING NATIONAL YOUTH SERVICE CORPS PUBLIC DEFENDERS TO EXPAND THE SERVICES OF THE LEGAL AID COUNCIL." Journal of African Law 47, no. 1 (April 2003): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0221855303002001.

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At the National Consultative Forum on Transforming the Administration of Justice System in Nigeria, convened by the Federal Minister of Justice and the Federal Attorney-General in November 2001, it was decided to draft a National Action Plan on Justice Sector Reform in Nigeria and to produce a Justice Vision document. The Ministry of Justice and the Attorney-General's office identified the need to examine ways of (a) upholding the Constitution and the rule of law; (b) promoting justice, fairness and human dignity; and (c) incorporating and expanding community participation in the administration of justice. The Legal Aid Council of Nigeria could contribute to this process by establishing a public defender network using law graduates in the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC). It may be possible to use the NYSC scheme to expand dramatically the current level of legal aid in Nigeria by employing the services of NYSC law graduates more extensively as public defenders. In order to consider the feasibility of such a programme the following factors will be considered: (i) the availability of lawyers and law graduates; (ii) the duties imposed by the Nigerian Constitution; (iii) the function of the Legal Aid Council; (iv) the operation of the Legal Aid Council; (v) the provision of legal aid services by the Legal Aid Council; and (vi) the cost of establishing a structured NYSC public defender programme.
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Hopkins, Thomas, and Laura Stanley. "The Council on Wage and Price Stability: A Retrospective." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 6, no. 2 (2015): 400–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2015.41.

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Applying benefit-cost analysis in the White House regulatory oversight process served as a basic mission of the Council on Wage and Price Stability (CWPS) during its seven-year lifespan (1974–1981). This paper reviews that CWPS experience, which involved filing comments in over 300 proceedings at more than 25 federal regulatory agencies. The paper draws on those CWPS public comments (filings), identifying persistent and pervasive deficiencies in the economic analysis regulators then and now often use as support for new regulation. CWPS filings fostered greater acceptance of benefit-cost analysis in regulatory decisions; such analysis is now required by executive order.
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Abiodun Akinwale, Emmanuel Jude. "A Historical and Comparative Analysis of Colonial and Post Colonial Bureaucracy in Nigeria." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 4, no. 2 (May 30, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v4i2.5602.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the historical and comparative analysis of colonial and post-colonial civil service in Nigeria and to probe issues connected with Nigerianisation of the civil service. It attempts to justify that both colonial and post-colonial civil service recorded bureaucratic successes but quota and federal character policies partly affected post-colonial bureaucratic practice in Nigeria. The paper applies historical and comparative analysis of colonial and post-colonial civil service in Nigeria. The paper finds that colonial administration introduced representation of indigenous officials in administration and recognized the strength of the merit principle in the practice of representative bureaucracy in Nigeria but post-colonial administration mixed meritocracy with federal character and quota policies. The paper presents elaborative discussions on strategies to break up the power hegemony of national executive with constitutional provisions of federal character policy and effects of its application subsumed in the analysis that administrative decentralization has its flaws.
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Ogunlesi, Adegboyega O., and Adegboyega Ogunwale. "Mental health legislation in Nigeria: current leanings and future yearnings." International Psychiatry 9, no. 3 (August 2012): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600003234.

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Nigeria's current mental health legislation stems from a lunacy ordinance enacted in 1916 that assumed the status of a law in 1958. The most recent attempt to reform the law was with an unsuccessful Mental Health Bill in 2003. Currently, though, efforts are being made to represent it as an executive Bill sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Health. The present paper reviews this Bill, in particular in light of the World Health Organization's recommendations on mental health legislation.
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Ogunlesi, Adegboyega O., and Adegboyega Ogunwale. "Mental health legislation in Nigeria: current leanings and future yearnings." International Psychiatry 9, no. 3 (August 2012): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1749367600003234.

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Nigeria's current mental health legislation stems from a lunacy ordinance enacted in 1916 that assumed the status of a law in 1958. The most recent attempt to reform the law was with an unsuccessful Mental Health Bill in 2003. Currently, though, efforts are being made to represent it as an executive Bill sponsored by the Federal Ministry of Health. The present paper reviews this Bill, in particular in light of the World Health Organization's recommendations on mental health legislation.
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Goncharov, Vitaly Viktorovich, Sergey A. Balashenko, Shikhtimer B. Magomedov, Valery V. Bogatyrev, Grigory A. Vasilevich, and Artem A. Pukhov. "Enhancing the role and place of the State Council of the Russian Federation and plenipotentiaries of the President of Russia in the federal districts in coordinating the system of executive power in the country and overcoming centrifugal political trends." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, no. 2 (May 10, 2021): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202172817p.495-503.

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This article is devoted to the analysis of the problems and prospects of increasing the role and place of the State Council of the Russian Federation and plenipotentiary representatives of the President of Russia in the federal districts in coordinating the system of executive power in the country and overcoming centrifugal political trends. In this regard, the authors have developed and justified a number of measures to resolve these problems. This will not only strengthen the system of executive power in the country, but also ensure the state sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation in a rapidly globalizing world.
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Books on the topic "Nigeria. Federal Executive Council"

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National Council on Intergovernmental Relations (Nigeria). Priority research themes. Abuja, Nigeria: The Council, 1994.

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Umunnakwe, T. N. J. Ohamadike, a grassroots leader: Biography of Chief Dr. Evans Emeka-Chukwu Amaefule (Ohamadike), executive chairman, Nkwerre Local Government, Imo State, Nigeria. Owerri, Nigeria: Alphabet Nigeria Publishers, 2001.

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Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria. Delivering affordable housing & mortgage financing in Nigeria: The role, achievements, challenges & strategies of FMBN : presentation to the National Economic Council (NEC) on the role, strategies and achievements of the Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN). Abuja [Nigeria]: Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria, 2012.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Legislation and National Security Subcommittee. Federal Council on Women Act: Hearing before the Legislation and National Security Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on H.R. 1187, to establish a Federal Council on Women, July 24, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Legislation and National Security Subcommittee. Federal Council on Women Act: Hearing before the Legislation and National Security Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on H.R. 1187, to establish a Federal Council on Women, July 24, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Nigeria. President (1993-1998 : Abacha). Address by the head of state, commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, General Sani Abacha, GCON: At the launching of Vision 2010 Report, Thursday, November 27, 1997, and the inauguration of the National Council of Nigerian Vision, Friday, November 28, 1997. [Abuja: Produced and distributed by National Orientation Agency, 1997.

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Bayelsa State (Nigeria). Executive Governor (1999- : Alamieyeseigha). The path to glory: Being an address of welcome presented by His Excellency Chief Diepreye Alamieyeseigha, JP, Executive Governor of Bayelsa State to the President and Commander-in-Chief of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Chief Olusegun Obasanjo, GCFR, during his maiden visit to Bayelsa State on March 15, 2001 in Yenagoa. [Yenagoa? Nigeria]: Bayelsa State, 2001.

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United States. Dept. of Labor., ed. Federal Executive Council. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. Dept. of Labor, 1992], 1992.

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Federal Executive Council. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. Dept. of Labor, 1992], 1992.

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Benue State (Nigeria). Bureau of Information & Culture., ed. Benue State Executive Council: Profile of members. [Makurdi?: Bureau of Information & Culture, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nigeria. Federal Executive Council"

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Campbell, John, and Matthew T. Page. "Politics." In Nigeria. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190657970.003.0004.

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Under its current constitution, Nigeria is a federal republic. Executive, legislative, and judicial powers at the national and state levels, as well as state and local authorities, have some autonomy and many responsibilities. Government at all levels is—in theory—supposed to be directly responsible to...
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"The United States Federal Audit Executive Council Contract." In Implementing the OECD Principles for Integrity in Public Procurement, 125–26. OECD, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264201385-11-en.

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Craft, Jonathan, and Paul Wilson. "Policy analysis and the central executive." In Policy Analysis in Canada, 147–64. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447334910.003.0007.

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This chapter examines the policy making role of key central agencies within the Canadian federal core executive, and in particular their role in initiating, contesting, directing and coordinating policy advice across government. The chapter considers the three formal public service central agencies—the Privy Council Office, the Department of Finance and the Treasury Board Secretariat—as well as the Prime Minister’s Office which, although lacking formal authority to act for the Prime Minister, is nevertheless integral in providing policy advice to the head of government and coordinating policy development among ministers’ partisan political staff. Using elite interviews and documentation obtained through Access to Information, the chapter explores the advisory instruments of policy briefing notes and memoranda to cabinet as well as general advisory processes in the central executive.
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Bettez, David J. "The Kentucky Council of Defense." In Kentucky and the Great War. University Press of Kentucky, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813168012.003.0004.

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In April 1917 Governor Augustus O. Stanley issued an executive order establishing a state Council of National Defense to coordinate war-support activities in Kentucky. This council worked with the federal Council of National Defense, which suggested policies and activities. Headed first by Embry Swearingen and then Edward Hines, the state council was eventually sanctioned and funded by the legislature when it met in spring 1918. Subcommittees focused on topics such as agriculture, publicity, and public safety. The Kentucky Council of Defense (KCD) helped form county councils, which sponsored local war-support activities such as Liberty Loan drives and the Red Cross. The KCD held statewide conferences to discuss and coordinate war-support activities, such as county Patriotic Weeks. Much of the publicity effort resulted from the work of KCD member Henry Hardin Cherry, president of Western Kentucky State Normal School. After the war the KCD held a conference to discuss Kentucky’s problems and coordinated a project whereby each county compiled histories of its war efforts and soldier records.
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Davidson, Christopher M. "Establishing Control: Institutions, Media, and Security." In From Sheikhs to Sultanism, 167–98. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197586488.003.0008.

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This chapter describes in depth how MBS and MBZ have established their control over most other institutions, the media, and national security. Firstly, their increasing influence over executive and consultative political institutions is considered, including their respective councils of ministers, the Shura Council (in Saudi Arabia), and the Federal National Council (in the UAE). Secondly, their de facto command over the judicial system is discussed, including the ongoing lack of separation of powers in both countries. Thirdly, their extensive efforts to manage, manipulate, and suppress the media (and social media) are explained, including the use of traditional media controls alongside more experimental counter measures. Fourthly, their attempts to re-organize their respective military, security, and intelligence organizations are studied, including key personnel and structural changes, and an emphasis on greater professionalism. Finally, their cultivation of stronger praetorian guards is reflected upon, including an apparent increased willingness to bring in greater numbers of foreign experts, and (in MBZ’s case) an emphasis on creating secretive new units.
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Skowronek, Stephen, John A. Dearborn, and Desmond King. "Depth in Appointment." In Phantoms of a Beleaguered Republic, 127–64. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197543085.003.0009.

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This chapter examines depth in appointment, focusing on the tension between qualifications for administrative office and expectations for presidential control. What Trump’s administration has brought to the fore are the suspicions harbored by a unitary executive toward qualifications per se and in the broadest sense of the term. Ability, sound judgment, commitment to assigned duties are all presumptive conditions on presidential control, implicit limits on political subordination, anticipated brakes on personal will. Conversely, the demand for executive branch unity elevates loyalty above all other qualifications. Here, we offer snapshots of the drive to dissolve administrative qualifications into loyalty to the president at several sites, considering: a hybrid arrangement at the National Security Council; the use of acting appointments at the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Department of Homeland Security, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau; the assault on merit-based appointments for administrative law judges; and protections against at-will removal at independence agencies like the Federal Reserve.
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Conant, James K., and Peter J. Balint. "The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, the Rise of Environmental Protection in the 1970s, and the Political Drama of the Next Three Decades." In The Life Cycles of the Council on Environmental Quality and the Environmental Protection Agency. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190203702.003.0005.

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The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was approved unanimously in the Senate and with near unanimity in the House of Representatives in December 1969. President Nixon signed the act into law on January 1, 1970. The new statute was both brief and farsighted. In fewer than 3,500 words the congressional authors of NEPA articulated for the first time a national policy on the environment, set in motion an innovative regulatory process centered on environmental impact statements, institutionalized public participation in federal environmental decision making, and introduced the requirement that the president report annually to Congress on the nation’s environmental status and trends. NEPA also included a provision that established a new agency, the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), in the Executive Office of the President. The CEQ’s assigned statutory role was to implement the environmental impact statement process, prepare the president’s annual environmental report on the condition of the environment, develop policy proposals for solving environmental problems, and coordinate efforts across the federal government to address environmental concerns. As stated in the law, NEPA is designed to “encourage productive and enjoyable harmony between man and his environment”; to “promote efforts which will prevent or eliminate damage to the environment and biosphere and stimulate the health and welfare of man”; and to “fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as trustee of the environment for succeeding generations.” The references to promoting harmony between people and the environment, protecting the biosphere, and affirming the nation’s responsibility for environmental stewardship illustrate an understanding of the scope, scale, and significance of environmental matters that was significantly ahead of its time. The language in NEPA quoted above anticipated by twenty years the concern for the Earth’s biosphere and the concept of environmental sustainability that would become more widely articulated in the run-up to the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. Moreover, NEPA has had an enduring global impact. By the law’s fortieth anniversary, a majority of U.S. states had established their own environmental impact statement requirements and more than 160 nations worldwide had adopted similar legislation.
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Moore, Scott M. "Over Water." In Subnational Hydropolitics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864101.003.0008.

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The preceding chapters have emphasized the often unappreciated extent to which subnational jurisdictions engage in behaviors that resemble those of sovereign nation-states with respect to shared water resources. The United States, the world’s first modern federation, provides perhaps the clearest illustration of how institutional arrangements create the conditions for such behavior to be exercised. Even in comparison to other federal systems, the U.S. Constitution grants an unusual degree of power to state governments. This asymmetry is codified in the Constitution’s Tenth Amendment, which assigns all powers not specifically granted to the federal government to the states instead. The greater power of American states, even relative to their counterparts in other federal systems, is also reflected in the fact that they maintain not only independent executive and legislative bodies but also judiciaries, a feature that has resulted in the uniquely complicated American legal system wherein different states recognize different bodies of law, especially in the case of water rights (Watts 2008). Despite this fundamental asymmetry, the power of the federal government relative to the states has grown over time, especially following the expansion of federal authority during the New Deal era (Sharansky 1970; Elazar 1984; Zimmerman 2011). The United States also lacks several of the mechanisms that ensure a greater degree of coordination and cooperation between states in other federal systems. In particular, the United States lacks the prominent intergovernmental organizations, like the Council of Australian Governments, that are a feature of many other federal systems and that help to address interjurisdictional issues like water resource management. Hydropolitics in the United States presents a twofold puzzle. First, unlike the other countries examined in this book, the United States features a notable diversity of institutional models for governing its river basins. While many American river basins, including the Colorado, are governed either by a patchwork of institutions or by none at all, organizations like the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and the Delaware River Basin Commission (DRBC) represent some of the most powerful river basin governance institutions in the world (Delli Priscoli 2007).
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"No. 26805. Agreement between the Government of Spain and the Federal Executive Council of the Assembly of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on the transport of passengers and goods by road. Signed at Belgrade on 18 December 1985." In Treaty Series 1872, 509. UN, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/5636869d-en-fr.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nigeria. Federal Executive Council"

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Egbeyemi, Abdurrafii, Amobichukwu Jude Eke, and Aminu Abba Yahaya. "Examining the Carbon Trading Potential in Nigerian Oil Fields." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207100-ms.

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Abstract Nigeria holds reserves circa 200 TCF of gas, the largest gas reserve in Africa. With this comes the challenge of managing the environmental impacts of flaring associated with oil production. The Federal Government of Nigeria in recognition of the urgency to address the growing environmental concerns attending gas flaring in Nigeria and response to its commitment made further to the endorsement of UNFCC's Paris Agreement and the Zero Routine Flaring by 2030 initiative by the World Bank declared a national flare out target of 2020. In 2016, the Federal Executive Council approved the implementation of the Nigerian Gas Flare Commercialization Programme (NGFCP) which was the flagship programme for the implementation of the Government's flare-out policy. The programme seeks to, via a competitive and transparent bid process, grant the right to access the gas at the flare-stack. The issues of relevance to this study include – The development and subsequent enactment of new regulations guiding the treatment of flare gas in Nigerian oilfields – The regulations implemented a new flare payment regime adopting the polluter pays principle which internalized to a significant extent the environmental cost of flaring thereby motivating a behavioral change by operators. Also, the recognition of the carbon benefits that will follow the implementation of projects under the NGFCP and the stance of the government that any such benefits will be vested in the state. This study examines the carbon trading potentials of flare gas in Nigeria. This is key because players in the sector now seek all revenue opportunities that accrue to the implementation of flare down/ out project. In doing so, Carbon benefits now feature among potential revenue streams. This study models several composition scenarios to quantify the extent (if any) of any such benefits. The study also examines gas use cases and their carbon sequestration potentials to create a realistic band estimating the carbon benefits that will emanate from all use scenarios.
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Tapia Olivas, Juan Carlos, René Delgado Rendón, Emilio Hernández Martínez, Felipe Noh Pat, Eric Efrén Villanueva Vega, and María Cristina Castañón Bautista. "Evaluation of Wave Energy in the Pacific Ocean for Baja California State in Mexico." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52857.

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According to the World Energy Council (WEC) the estimated energy of the wave power in the world is in the range of 8,000 to 80,000 TWh/year to depths of 100 meters or higher and actually the utilization of wave energy resource it is possible because it has been implemented in countries like Australia, Indonesia, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Norway, Portugal and Colombia evaluating different types of marine technologies that take the advantage of the kinetic energy in the ocean waves. Mexico according to the National Institute of Statistics and Information (INEGI) has a land area of 1,972,550 km2 of which has a coastline of 11,150 km having potential for the use of their coasts. Baja California with a land area of 71,445 km2 (3.6% of the country) is located on a peninsula in northwest Mexico and has 720 km of coastline on the Pacific Ocean (6.4% nationally) with a range of depths of 25.6 m to 650 m at a distance of the coastline of 15 km, which makes it suitable to evaluate the use of wave energy at local sites. With the completion of this work will contribute to the characterization of the sites that will present the best technical and economic conditions for its implementation, considering the physical characteristics of the site as well as connection points on the transmission lines operated by the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE). For the preparation of this study was carried out in three stages: a) Site Selection, b) Evaluation of Wave Energy and c) Economic evaluation of sites using RETScreen. Based on the characteristics of the coast of Baja California the results obtained are the following: 1) 18 sites were selected with a sea depth averaged of 50 m, the annual density power was 7.5 kW/m, this represents a potential of 210 MW considering an average length of 2 km in each site, 2) The economic evaluation of this type of project was for a period of 30 years in RETScreen, considers an annual inflation rate of 5% and obtains an investment cost of 9,538 US $/kW for this type of generation. We conclude that this source of energy will reduce dependence on fossil fuels and contribute to the generation of electricity in the state of Baja California diversifying the energetic matrix state by the use of clean and renewable sources, which represents an investment opportunity between the public and private sector.
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