Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nigerian Civil war

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Nigerian Civil war'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nigerian Civil war"

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Astuti, Anjar Dwi. "A PORTRAYAL OF NIGERIAN AFTER CIVIL WAR IN CHINUA ACHEBE’S CIVIL PEACE (1971)." Journal of Culture, Arts, Literature, and Linguistics (CaLLs) 3, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/calls.v3i2.875.

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African literature has strong relation with colonialism, not only because they had ever been colonized but also because of civil war. Civil Peace (1971), a short story written by Chinua Achebe, tells about how Nigerian survive and have to struggle to live after Nigerian Civil War. It is about the effects of the war on the people, and the “civil peace” that followed. The Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Nigerian-Biafran War, 6 July 1967–15 January 1970, was a political conflict caused by the attempted annexation of the southeastern provinces of Nigeria as the self-proclaimed Republic of Biafra. The conflict was the result of economic, ethnic, cultural and religious tensions among the various peoples of Nigeria. Knowing the relation between the story and the Nigerian Civil War, it is assured that there is a history depicted in Civil Peace. In this article, the writer portrays the history and the phenomenon of colonization in Nigeria by using new historical and postcolonial criticism approaches.Keywords: history, colonization, civil war
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Chukwumah, Ignatius, and Cassandra Ifeoma Nebeife. "Persecution in Igbo-Nigerian Civil-War Narratives." Matatu 49, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 241–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-04902001.

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Abstract Sociopolitical phenomena such as corruption, political instability, (domestic) violence, cultural fragmentation, and the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) have been central themes of Nigerian narratives. Important as these are, they tend to touch on the periphery of the major issue at stake, which is the vector of persecution underlying the Nigerian tradition in general and in modern Igbo Nigerian narratives in particular, novels and short stories written in English which capture, wholly or in part, the Igbo cosmology and experience in their discursive formations. The present study of such modern Igbo Nigerian narratives as Okpewho’s The Last Duty (1976), Iyayi’s Heroes (1986), Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun (2007), and other novels and short stories applies René Girard’s theory of the pharmakos (Greek for scapegoat) to this background of persecution, particularly as it subtends the condition of the Igbo in postcolonial Nigeria in the early years of independence.
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Dent, Martin. "The Nigerian civil war." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 19, no. 3 (October 1991): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086539108582855.

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UCHE, CHIBUIKE. "OIL, BRITISH INTERESTS AND THE NIGERIAN CIVIL WAR." Journal of African History 49, no. 1 (March 2008): 111–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853708003393.

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ABSTRACTUsing newly available evidence, mainly from the Public Records Office (now the National Archive) in London, this article attempts to unravel the true extent of the role that British oil interests played in the decision of the British government to insist on a ‘One Nigeria’ solution in the Nigeria/Biafra conflict. While the official position of the British government was that its main interest in the Nigeria conflict was to prevent the break-up of the country along tribal lines, the true position was more complex. Evidence in this paper suggests that British oil interests played a much more important role in the determination of the British attitude to the war than is usually conceded. Specifically, Britain was interested in protecting the investments of Shell-BP in Nigerian oil. Furthermore, Britain was also at the time desperate to keep Nigerian oil flowing in order to mitigate the impact of its domestic oil shortfalls caused by the Middle East Six Day War. Supporting a ‘One Nigeria’ solution was considered its safest bet in order to achieve the above objectives.
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Muhammad, Aisha Mustapha. "Divergent Struggles for Identity and Safeguarding Human Values: A Postcolonial Analysis of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 11, no. 2 (May 22, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v11.n2.p1.

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In the novel Adichie uncovers the characters’ struggles based on the loss of Identity and Human values which is basically the result of the Nigerian civil war. The characters strive to bring back what they lost due to the war. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie was born much later after the Nigerian civil war of 1966-1969. Chimamanda Adichie had the interest to revive history of the war; she used her imaginative talent in bringing what she hadn’t experienced. The novel Half of a Yellow Sun is a literary work which uses the theory of post-colonialism or post-colonial studies, it is a term that is used to analyze and explain the legacy of colonialism through the study of a particular book. Colonialism did not happen during the colonial era only but extended to after independence of the countries that were colonized. The novel Half of a Yellow Sun shows the effect of colonialism after independence of Nigeria. Adichie believes that by bringing back the issue of the war, the growing generation would understand more about the war. According to her in Nigeria the history taught in the primary and secondary schools is not complete, some parts were removed and nobody is allowed to talk about it. So through the novel, she tries to go through history to see what has happened, so that she can make the young generation understand history better. The book opens with a poem by Chinua Achebe about the Nigerian civil war.
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IDRIS, RIDWAN TOSHO. "VILLAIN AND HERO OF THE WARS: BRIGADIER-GENERAL BENJAMIN ADEKUNLE AND THE NIGERIA CIVIL WAR, 1967-1970." WILBERFORCE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/wjss/2202.70.0160.

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The paper examines the role that Brigadier General Benjamin Adekunle, otherwise referred to as the Black Scorpion or Benjy played during the Nigerian Civil War. Brigadier-General Adekunle served as the Commander of Garrison, the 3rd Marine Commando Division of the Nigeria Army. The study is set to achieve two main objectives. The first is to put into historical perspective, Benjamin Adekunle’s birth, childhood, and military career; the second is to analyze the two sides of Benjy during the civil war, and third, his portrayal as both a hero and villain during the civil war. The study relied on secondary sources of data from textbooks, peer-reviewed journals, internet documents, newspapers and individual commentaries on Benjamin Adekunle. The study reveals that Adekunle was described as a villain because he explored some unconventional and brutal war strategies against Biafrans, who were hitherto Nigerians and so by extension, his fellow countrymen. As a hero,he had an unrepentant strategy to rescue Nigeria from disintegration. The study recommends that while winning is the ultimate goal of any war, officers must be humane and reduce collateral damage in the course of duty.
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Ediagbonya Michael. "A Critical Assessment of Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics and Nigeria Relations during the Period of Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970." Polit Journal: Scientific Journal of Politics 2, no. 4 (November 5, 2022): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/polit.v2i4.792.

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The paper examines Nigeria and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Relations during the Nigerian Civil War. It discusses the role of USA, Britain and France in the Nigerian Civil war. It analyzes the timely intervention of USSR which supplied military weapons and technical personnel to Nigeria when Britain and USA declined. The researcher obtains data from primary and secondary sources. Oral interviews serve as primary sources. Books, journals, articles, newspapers, projects, theses dissertations were used as secondary sources. It was found that the relationship between Nigeria- USSR in the Pre-civil war period was Lukewarm, non-chalant and sad. It was found that France openly supported the Republic of Biafra while Britain and USA refused Nigeria’s request for weapons to execute the war. It was demonstrated that Nigeria needed weapons to stop the Biafran forces from succeeding and initially relied on Britain and USA to supply the weapons but they were not willing to provide the military assistance. Hence, the federal Government directed their attention to USSR for assistance which the Soviets gradually accepted. In conclusion, it was found that the continuous corporate existence of Nigeria as a sovereign state owns much to the timely assistance provided by USSR during the Nigeria’s trying period.
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Folayan, Bolu John, Olumide Samuel Ogunjobi, Prosper Zannu, and Taiwo Ajibolu Balofin. "Post-war Civil War Propaganda Techniques and Media Spins in Nigeria and Journalism Practice." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 17 (April 8, 2021): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v17i.8993.

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In public relations and political communication, a spin is a form of propaganda achieved through knowingly presenting a biased interpretation of an event or issues. It is also the act of presenting narratives to influence public opinion about events, people or and ideas. In war time, various forms of spins are employed by antagonists to wear out the opponents and push their brigades to victory. During the Nigerian civil war, quite a number of these spins were dominant – for example GOWON (Go On With One Nigeria); “On Aburi We Stand”, “O Le Ku Ija Ore”. Post-war years presented different spins and fifty years after the war, different spins continue to push emerging narratives (e.g. “marginalization”, “restructuring”). This paper investigates and analyzes the different propaganda techniques and spins in the narratives of the Nigerian civil in the past five years through a content analysis of three national newspapers: The Nigerian Tribune, Daily Trust and Sun Newspapers. Findings confirm that propaganda and spins are not limited to war time, but are actively deployed in peace time. This development places additional challenge on journalists to uphold the canons of balance, truth and fairness in reporting sensitive national issues. The authors extend postulations that propaganda techniques, generally considered to be limited to war situations, are increasingly being used in post-war situations. Specifically, they highlight that journalists are becoming more susceptible to propaganda spins and this could affect the level of their compliance to the ethics of journalism.
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Pape, Marion. "Nigerian War Literature by Women: From Civil War to Gender War." Matatu 29-30, no. 1 (June 1, 2005): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-029030016.

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Furniss, Graham. "Hausa poetry on the Nigerian civil war." African Languages and Cultures 4, no. 1 (January 1991): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544169108717724.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nigerian Civil war"

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Cole, Steven R. "Nigerian War - American politics the evolution of U.S. foreign policy concerning the Nigerian Civil War /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2624.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: History. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Omenka, Nicholas Ibeawuchi. "The Nigerian Civil War: Outstanding and Unspoken Taboos." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1999. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,753.

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Tasie, G. O. "Agricultural development in the Rivers State of Nigeria since the end of the Nigerian civil war." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577467.

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Jeffs, Nikolai. "Parker pen soldiers : the novel, the Nigerian/Biafran (civil) war, the nation-state and nationalism." Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435254.

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Farquharson, James Austin. "'Black America Cares': The response of African Americans to the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2019. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/7e1db71edfdb6347ab4625f65a84c64a15b415aa799d754b1dbef2d7363ef22b/1778514/Farquharson_2019_Black_America_Cares_the_response_of_Redacted.pdf.

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Far from having only marginal significance and generating a ‘subdued’ response among African Americans, as some historians have argued, the Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970) collided at full velocity with the conflicting discourses and ideas by which black Americans sought to understand their place in the United States and the world in the late 1960s. Black liberal civil rights leaders leapt to offer their service as agents of direct diplomacy during the conflict, seeking to preserve Nigerian unity; grassroots activists from New York to Kansas organised food-drives, concerts and awareness campaigns in support of humanitarian aid for Biafran victims of starvation; while other pro-Biafran black activists warned of links between black ‘genocide’ in Biafra and the US alike. This thesis is the first to recover and analyse at length the extent, complexity and character of such African American responses to the Nigerian Civil War. Drawing on extensive use of private papers, activist literature, government records and especially the black press, it charts the way African Americans conceptualised, over time and in complex ways, their varied understandings of issues such as black internationalist solidarities, territorial sovereignty and political viability, humanitarian compassion and great power realpolitik, as well as colonial and neo-colonial influence in Africa. The thesis initially explores the longer twentieth century history of African American engagement with Nigeria by way of establishing context, before providing in-depth analysis of the key initiatives and events that comprised African American engagement with the civil war. Chapters move chronologically and thematically to discuss direct diplomatic efforts to broker peace, African American responses to alleged genocide in Biafra, the rise and fall of pro-Biafran political support, and the latter’s loss to what emerged as a stronger political bloc of those supporting Nigerian political unity. Situated methodologically and historiographically at the intersection of scholarship on black internationalism and the international history of the Nigerian Civil War, this thesis demonstrates the way the civil war not only provoked intense activism, but did so in ways that fundamentally connected with the central ideas, themes and concerns of the black freedom struggle in the United States.
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D'Agostini, Giulia. "War-scapes: The Nigerian Postcolony and the Boundaries of the Human." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423102.

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This dissertation is concerned with the representation of the human and of the relationship between sovereignty and subjectivity in Nigerian literature. It argues that the Nigerian postcolony is portrayed in the texts under investigation as a site of perpetual emergency, where a progressively more vivid biopoliticisation of politics sanctions the reduction of the postcolonial (non-)citizen to what Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben has termed “bare life” – a form of life that, exposed to sovereign violence, or caught in the sovereign ban, may be killed without committing homicide. Concentrating in particular, but not exclusively, on contemporary fiction writing, this dissertation aims at examining the aesthetic strategies adopted by a number of postcolonial writers in order to signify the lack of rights protection all too often suffered by the postcolonial (non-)citizen. It will be pointed out that an imagery of war is often employed to describe postcolonial Nigeria as a country where the state of exception and the withdrawal of constitutional protection have become the rule. This study thus will not only investigate the depiction of the Civil War of the late 1960s, but will also show that Nigeria’s fractured post-war times are often configured in terms that recall the Foucauldian definition of politics as “the continuation of war by other means.” Part One, “The Exception,” aims at analysing the portrayals of moments of state emergency declared in the context of armed struggle. The first chapter is devoted to the discussion of a selected number among the numerous works that, ever since the 1970s, have enlarged the rich corpus of Nigerian Civil War literature. Chapter Two provides a cross-disciplinary, comparative reading of two war novellas which narrate an unnamed conflict and which, through the depiction of their young protagonists, contribute to the heated debates regarding the figure of the child soldier. As indicated by the title of Part Two, “The Rule,” I will then discuss how war – a period of emergency conducive to the supposedly momentary suspension of the rule of law – is presented as becoming the rule in the normal abnormality of post-war dictatorial Nigeria. In this context, particular attention will be devoted to the literary representation of two sites, namely the autocrat’s overcrowded jail and the dysfunctional postcolonial family, where, it will be argued, the phenomenon of the perpetuation of the exception acquires great visibility. Part Three, captioned “Camps on the Move,” investigates texts recounting the lives of combative women who, either victims or accomplices of illegal practices, do not resign themselves to their superfluous status within the biopolitical hierarchies produced in the context of ‘war-scapes’ of unending exception. It will be noticed that the characters’ ambitions of upward social and ontological mobility are often reduced to a horizontal movement between Agambenian ‘camps,’ between conditions of essential invisibility, and abandonment, before the law. The texts under examination, however, do not only protest their protagonists’ exclusion from an effective regime of rights, and thus, paradoxically, from humanity itself. By highlighting without resolving the paradox itself, they also invite to resignify and expand the concepts of the universal and of the human, underscoring the need for an agonistic, future-oriented reconfiguration of the human rights paradigm and of the relationships between the individual and the state
La tesi analizza le raffigurazioni dell’umano e del rapporto tra sovranità e soggettività nella letteratura nigeriana anglofona. Concentrandosi in particolar modo sulla narrativa di recente produzione, il lavoro parte dall’osservazione di come la Nigeria postcoloniale venga dipinta nelle opere in esame quale luogo di eccezione permanente, i cui soggetti, più sudditi che cittadini, sono sovente ridotti a quel che il filosofo Giorgio Agamben ha definito “nuda vita”: una vita esposta alla violenza sovrana, o al sovrano abbandono, che diventa sempre più impunemente uccidibile. La tesi discute quindi le strategie adottate da più generazioni di scrittori nigeriani dal post-indipendenza a oggi per fornire un’elaborazione, estetica ed etica al contempo, delle declinazioni possibili del vivere umano nello stato d’eccezione e della mancata tutela diritti fondamentali. In questo senso, essa rileva come le opere prese in considerazione facciano ampio uso di un immaginario di guerra e conflitto e registra non solo la riscrittura, a volte astraente, della sanguinosa Guerra Civile di fine anni Sessanta, ma nota altresì che molti dei momenti (pseudo)democratici nella storia del paese vengono configurati in termini che ricordano la definizione foucauldiana di politica come “guerra continuata con altri mezzi”. La prima parte, “The Exception”, esamina la rappresentazione di momenti di emergenza pubblica dichiarati nell’ambito di un confronto armato. Il primo capitolo si sofferma su una selezione delle molte opere che, fin dagli anni Settanta, hanno proposto una narrativizzazione della Guerra Civile. Il capitolo successivo fornisce invece una lettura in chiave comparata e interdisciplinare di due brevi romanzi che raccontano un conflitto non nominato e contribuiscono, attraverso la descrizione dei due giovani protagonisti, all’acceso dibattito internazionale riguardante la figura del bambino soldato. La seconda parte, dal titolo “The Rule”, considera opere che narrano del fallimento democratico dello stato nigeriano, sottolineando come l’eccezione e la sospensione costituzionale diventino regola nella normale anormalità della Nigeria dittatoriale del dopoguerra. Particolare attenzione viene dedicata, in questo contesto, allo studio della raffigurazione di due spazi, quelli della prigione di regime e della famiglia postcoloniale, all’interno dei quali questo fenomeno assume evidente riconoscibilità. La terza parte, intitolata “Camps on the Move”, analizza romanzi che raccontano di donne combattive che, vittime o complici di pratiche illegali, tentano di contrastare la loro dichiarata superfluità all’interno delle gerarchie biopolitiche che si sviluppano nei ‘panorami di guerra’ a cui il titolo della tesi fa riferimento. In questo contesto, il capitolo conclusivo rileva come i desideri di mobilità verticale, sociale e ontologica, dei personaggi tendano a risolversi in un movimento orizzontale tra ‘campi’ agambeniani, tra condizioni di sostanziale invisibilità, ed abbandono, di fronte alla legge. Si nota infine che i testi studiati non si limitano a denunciare la riduzione dei loro protagonisti a uomini e donne che, secondo la formulazione di Hannah Arendt, non avendo “diritto ad avere diritti” sono paradossalmente esclusi dall’umanità stessa. Ponendo l’accento sul paradosso, senza peraltro risolverlo, essi invitano anche un continuo, ed indispensabile, lavoro di ridefinizione ed espansione delle categorie dell’umano e dell’universale, sottolineando la necessità di riconfigurare il paradigma dei diritti umani e i rapporti tra individuo e stato
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Tomasin, Cristina <1989&gt. "Women and Biafra: a comparative, literary study of women's roles during the Nigerian civil war (1967-1970)." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13047.

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The Nigerian civil war (1967-1970) represents a tragic chapter of African history. This brutal conflict was predominantly studied by male historians and novelists, offering a limited perspective of events. Though women and children comprised the majority of war casualties, very rarely were their experiences discussed in male-authored texts, and women's own war writings were largely dismissed or heavily criticized by male critics. The aim of this thesis is thus to examine the war literature written by three Igbo women writers belonging to different generations of Nigerian authors namely Flora Nwapa's Never Again (1975) and Wives at War and other Stories (1980), Buchi Emecheta's Destination Biafra (1982) and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun (2006). The purpose is to show how each novelist decides to tackle this sensitive subject and, ultimately, to foster a comparative analysis of their writings. Overall, through my thesis, I aim to shed light onto the female experience during the Nigerian civil war in order to underscore the strength and resourcefulness of Nigerian women who remain the unsung heroines of this conflict.
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Willms, Joshua P. "Dying for Attention: The Role of the Biafran Identity in the Biafran Campaign for Support during the Nigerian Civil War of 1967-70." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20081.

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This study examines the Biafran secession of 1967-1970 and how the secessionist government constructed a Biafran identity in its campaign to gain international support for Biafra’s permanent separation from Nigeria. The introductory chapter outlines the role of identity in Nigeria’s twentieth-century political history and discusses the scholarly literature addressing questions of national and ethnic identity and on the Biafran secession. The thesis then provides a historical framework for discussing the evolution of Nigerian political identities and the failures of Nigerian leaders to build a Nigerian nationalism among the region’s numerous identifiable groups in the colonial and early independence eras. Subsequent chapters analyse the Biafran government’s attempts to elide the inherent instability of identity and overcome the dynamic process of identity formation in Nigeria by constructing and promoting a fixed Biafran identity based on cultural characteristics and historical experiences that allegedly distinguished and united the diverse peoples of the secessionist region.
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Oluwajuyemi, Kathleen O. "The Impact of Late Capitalism on Nigerian Economy and Culture: 1960-2010." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2018. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/154.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to utilize a historical comparative analysis to examine how capitalism influenced the growth of the nation, its effects on culture, politics and the economy. The study will examine the shift of the economy under varying governments (civilian, presidential and military), as well as the economic effect of an oil economy on the politics and development of the country. This dissertation included an analysis of the historical implications of imperialism as well as the current implications of foreign interference. The research further explored the historical effects of colonialism on a newly independent nation attempting to govern and unite different ethnic groups as one nation as well as the effects the discovery of oil had on the precarious undertaking of establishing and maintaining democracy. This dissertation found that after independence the country shifted its focus in the agriculture sector from production for consumption to export for capital gains. This shift led to infrastructure development such as building roads, railways, and other essential structures for the transportation and exportation of cash crops. The downside in the shift from consumption crops to export crops was the occurrence of food shortages during the seventies. The discovery of oil in 1956 also changed the direction and strength of the economy and eventually led to an unstable and under-developed nation. This dissertation will also examine the initiatives towards development and national unity as the nation struggles to stabilize economically and politically.
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Coetzee, Wayne Stephen. "The role of the environment in conflict : complex realities in post-civil war Nigeria." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20013.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Nigeria is a country that has witnessed ongoing – albeit sporadic – violent conflict since its independence in 1960 from Britain. A brutal civil war, known as the Biafra war, lasting from 1967 to 1970, was not to end social tensions in this ethnically diverse country. Violent conflict has been an ongoing reality since the end of the Biafra war in 1970. In addition, Nigeria has exhibited substantial environmental degradation and resource scarcity during this time. Hence, this study assesses whether environmental degradation and resource scarcity are independent causes of domestic violent conflict in Nigeria since the end of the Biafra war. Additionally, rich reserves of natural non-renewable resources – in particular the prevalence of oil – are analysed vis-à-vis the degradation and growing scarcity of renewable resources in order to consider the impact both these aspects have on post civil war conflict in Nigeria. In order to achieve this, this study concerns itself primarily with causation. It considers two aspects in this regard. Firstly, it evaluates the assertion that the environment is an independent cause of conflict. That is to say, it investigates the notion that the environment impacts independently on human behaviour. Secondly, it examines the components of the social structure that create conditions that manipulate the environment in such a way that conflict is the ultimate outcome. This study asserts that the agency-structure composite is important to understand in order to examine violent conflict and its relationship with the environment in Nigeria. This relationship-structure-cause premise is examined by using a complex theory framework. Consequently, importance is placed on the causal relationship between violent conflict, environmental degradation and scarcity, natural non-renewable resource dependency and the social, economic and political milieu in which this transpires. This study ascertains that severe environmental change can only be considered a cause of conflict when its impact is considered with other important factors such as economic and political anonymity, which – for the most part – create the milieu in which subsequent violent conflict is the outcome.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nigerië is 'n land wat deurlopend kan getuig, alhoewel sporadies, dat daar sedert sy onafhanklikheid van Brittanje in 1960, geweldadige konflik was. 'n Brutale burgelike oorlog wat geduur het vanaf 1967 to 1970, het geensins die sosiale spanning ge-eindig vir hierdie etniese diverse land nie. Gewelddadige konflik is 'n deurlopende werklikheid sedert die einde van die burgeroorlog in 1970. Daarbenewens het Nigerië uitgestaan vir hul aansienlike agteruitgang van die omgewing en hulpbron-skaarste gedurende hierdie tyd. Vandaar hierdie studie om te bepaal of die omgewing se agteruitgang en hulpbron-skaarste 'n onafhanklike oorsaak is van binnelandse geweldadige konflik in Nigerië, sedert die einde van die burgeroorlog. Daarby, ryk reserwes van natuurlike nie-hernubare hulpbronne, in die besonder die voorkoms van olie wat betref die agteruitgang en die toenemende skaarsheid van hernubare hulpbronne, word ontleed ten einde die impak van hierdie twee aspekte op post-burgeroorlog konflik in Nigerië te oorweeg. Ten einde dit te bereik, gebruik hierdie studie oorsaaklikheidsleer. Daar is twee aspekte in hierdie verband wat in aanmerking geneem word. Eerstens is die bewering dat die omgewing die onafhanklike oorsaak is van konflik. Dit wil sê, dit ondersoek die idée dat die omgewing 'n onafhanklike impak het op menslike gedrag. Dit ondersoek, tweedens, die komponente van die sosiale struktuur wat die omstandighede skep wat die omgewing op so 'n wyse manipuleer, dat konflik die uiteindelike uitkoms is. Hierdie studie beweer dat die agent-struktuur verhouding belangrik is om te verstaan ten einde geweldadige konflik en die verhouding met die omgewing in Nigerië te ondersoek. Hierdie verhouding-struktuur-oorsaak uitgangspunt is ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van 'n komplekse teorie raamwerk. Gevolglik word die belangrikheid geplaas op die oorsaaklike verband tussen gewelddadige konflik, die agteruitgang van die omgewing en skaarsheid, nie-hernubare afhanklikheid en die sosiale, ekonomiese en politieke milieu waarin dit voorkom. Hierdie studie stel vas dat ernstige omgewingsverandering slegs oorweeg kan word as 'n oorsaak van konflik as die impak daarvan oorweeg word met ander belangrike faktore soos ekonomiese en politieke anonimiteit, wat, vir die grootste deel, die omgewing skep waarin die daaropvolgende geweldadige konflik die uitkoms is.
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Books on the topic "Nigerian Civil war"

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Siyan, Oyeweso, ed. Perspectives on the Nigerian Civil War. Ojokoro, Lagos: OAP Publications, 1992.

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Olu, Obafemi. Nigerian writers on the Nigerian Civil War: Anguish, commitment, catharsis. [Nigeria]: J. Olu Olatiregun Co., 1992.

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E, Osaghae Eghosa, Onwudiwe Ebere 1952-, Suberu Rotimi T, and University of Ibadan. Programme on Ethnic and Federal Studies., eds. The Nigerian civil war and its aftermath. Ibadan, Nigeria: Published by John Archers (Publishers) for Programme on Ethnic and Federal Studies, 2002.

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Biafra: The Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970. Place of publication not identified]: Helion, 2014.

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McLuckie, Craig W. Nigerian Civil War literature: Seeking an "imagined community". Lewiston, N.Y: E. Mellen Press, 1990.

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Uchendu, Egodi. Women and conflict: In the Nigerian civil war. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2007.

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Yesufu, Deji. Victor Banjo: An untold account of the Nigerian Civil War. Lagos, Nigeria: Joe-Tolalu & Associates, 2018.

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A, Adejoh, and Historical Society of Nigeria, eds. The Nigerian Civil War: Forty years after, what lessons? Makurdi: Aboki Publishers, 2008.

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Visions of nationhood: Prelude to the Nigerian Civil War. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 2010.

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A, Adejoh, and Historical Society of Nigeria, eds. The Nigerian Civil War: Forty years after, what lessons? Makurdi: Aboki Publishers, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nigerian Civil war"

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Arnold, Guy. "The Nigerian Civil War." In Mercenaries, 18–25. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27708-7_2.

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James, Alan. "The Nigerian Civil War (1968–1970)." In Peacekeeping in International Politics, 104–6. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21026-8_21.

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Aaronson, Michael. "The Nigerian Civil War and ‘Humanitarian Intervention’." In The History and Practice of Humanitarian Intervention and Aid in Africa, 176–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137270023_9.

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Bird, S. Elizabeth, and Fraser Ottanelli. "The Asaba Massacre and the Nigerian Civil War." In Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide, 412–34. New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The Routledge global 1960s and 1970s: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315229294-18.

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Griffin, Christopher. "France and the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970." In Postcolonial Conflict and the Question of Genocide, 156–76. New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The Routledge global 1960s and 1970s: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315229294-7.

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Garba, Abdul-Ganiyu, and P. Kassey Garba. "The Nigerian Civil War: Causes and the Aftermath." In Post-Conflict Economies in Africa, 91–108. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230522732_6.

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Okechukwu Udeagbala, Lawrence. "A Comparative Study of the Nigerian and Biafran Navies During the Nigerian Civil War (1967–70)." In African Navies, 91–108. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003309154-5.

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Onianwa, Oluchukwu Ignatus. "Biafra’s Captives: The “Oilmen Incident” and International Diplomacy in the Nigerian Civil War." In Captivity in War during the Twentieth Century, 157–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65095-7_8.

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Nnaemeka, Obioma. "Fighting on all Fronts: Gendered Spaces, Ethnic Boundaries, and the Nigerian Civil War." In Women and Revolution: Global Expressions, 185–210. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9072-3_10.

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Onianwa, Oluchukwu Ignatus. "In Between the Cold War Politics: The OAU Consultative Committee and Anglo-American Diplomacy in the Nigerian Civil War, 1967–1970." In African Histories and Modernities, 213–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52911-6_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nigerian Civil war"

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Petri, M. B. "Structural Assesment of Existing Suspension Bridge between Cameroon and Nigeria." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0283.

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<p>Our firm performed an inspection and analysis of an existing suspension bridge crossing the 'Cross River' between Cameroon and Nigeria. The bridge was designed in the 1940s by a British company and was completed in the early 1950s. Once the original drawings were located in an archive in the</p><p>U.K. a team was established to examine the existing bridge. The bridge was surveyed and all information collected in the field and archives was processed in the office for a detailed review report including the status of all the elements including ranking and identifying major defects. A full model of the bridge was computerized based on the findings and calculated for both the original and up to date loads in order to examine the capacity of the bridge members and the global stability. From the information collected and calculated, the recommendation was to preserve the bridge as a unique element in Nigeria's heritage.</p>
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Omokungbe, Obafemi, Yekin N. Safe, and Toriola-Coker Luqman Olalekan. "The Roles of Polytechnics Education in the Direction of Mitigating Skill Manpower Shortage in Nigeria." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.6741.

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The electrical, electronics, computer & civil engineering professionals are national builders as their expertise are needed in all aspects of human life nation development and sustainability. Endless availability of competent and confident electrical, electronics, computer & civil engineering professionals both in terms of quality and quantity is sin-qua-non to national development and sustainability. Skill Manpower Shortage is a menace affecting industrial and manufacturing sectors in Nigeria. This research work aim at examine the degree and causes of labor shortages in electrical, electronic computer & civil engineering professionals in Nigeria with a focus on imminent roles Polytechnic education to mitigate labor shortage electrical, electronics, computer & civil engineering. The data for this work was emanated from sampled population of 70 respondents among Electrical Electronic Civil Computer Engineer, Polytechnics Students, Academic Staff Polytechnics (Lecturers and Technologists, Non- Academic Staff Polytechnics to the structure questionnaire. The results from data collected identified shortage in skill manpower electrical, electronics, and computer & civil engineering industries both in quality and quantity which more predominant in Electrical engineering. Majority of respondent passed blames on Polytechnic education as it present state, ineffective funding, abandonment of policies, non-emphasis on practical training, reliable on outmodedness of training facilities/curriculum. Consequence upon our findings, it is imperative that polytechnics education has roles to play to reduce labor shortages electrical, electronics, computer & civil engineering professionals.
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Baridam, Barilee. "The Task of Making Open, Distance and e-Learning Attractive." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.6148.

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Open, distance learning (ODL) has been with us over the years; however, very few accepted it until the outbreak of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It seems like COVID-19 was an ODL messenger sent to convince the world of the need to imbibe the distance learning pedagogy. During the pandemic, schools which hitherto had no formulated policy on distance learning had to imbibe the distance learning pedagogy to sustain their academic curricula. To sustain the drive, policy making bodies on education must formulate policies that will enshrine the use of distance learning in the education system. To build a resilient education system demands a deliberate effort by actors and stakeholders in the education sector viewing ODL as a tool to fast-track the learning process. Two studies were conducted within the period of the COVID-19 pandemic (between 2020 and 2021) – a cross-sectional study of 255 students from five major institutions located in the Niger Delta, Nigeria and a study involving students, faculties, civil servants and some uncategorized individuals selected from nations in Africa, Asia, United Kingdom, United States of America, and Canada. Results obtained from the analysis indicate the need to rejig the drive on distance learning and access to ODL mode of teaching and technology.
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Reports on the topic "Nigerian Civil war"

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Ezegwu, Chidi, Dozie Okoye, and Leonard Wantchekon. Impacts of Political Breaks on Education Policies, Access and Quality in Nigeria (1970 – 2003). Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-2023/pe08.

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This study examines how the political interruptions in Nigeria between 1970 to about 2003 altered policies, institutional norms, governance structures, and attitudes in the education sector. Particular attention is given from 1973 to 2003, a period after the civil war, when the Federal Government became fully involved in managing primary and secondary schools (taking over schools from missions and private owners) up to 2003 when the first successful democratic transition took place. Further disruptions to the country’s democracy have been experienced since then, and have continued to inform the political economy of education sector development.
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Aremu, Fatai. Donor Action for Empowerment and Accountability in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.015.

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Multiple development actors are interested in stimulating more inclusive fiscal governance. Efforts to generate greater budget transparency, citizen participation in resource allocation, and public oversight of government spending are commonplace. How can development donors and lenders support such efforts, and what are their limitations? How do their attempts to do so interact? Exploring the outcomes of two projects in the Nigerian States of Jigawa and Kaduna provide some answers to these questions. The projects pursue overlapping goals, but with different approaches. The Partnership to Engage, Reform and Learn (PERL) programme funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office works in a granular and contextually adapted way in each state to construct joint government and civil initiatives that test and embed citizen engagement and oversight approaches. The World Bank States Financial Transparency Accountability and Sustainability (SFTAS) initiative offers financial incentives to states if they meet a set of common public financial management benchmarks. Their actions have been complementary in several ways, despite significant contextual differences between the states in terms of conflict dynamics and prevailing citizen–state relations. The projects also reinforced each other’s efforts on public procurement reform in Kaduna State. However, in Jigawa State, SFTAS incentives to pass a procurement law following a standard template failed to codify and may indeed reverse gains from longstanding PERL efforts supporting transparency. This illustrates how donors with similar reform objectives in the same contexts can unconsciously undermine existing efforts towards overarching public accountability goals.
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