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1
N.E, Okore, Anaehobi E.S., and Haliru Y.U. "Level of Awareness of Open Access Electronic Resources by Scientists in Agricultural Research Institutes in Edo State, Nigeria." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 3, no. 8 (August 31, 2015): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss8.416.
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Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the level of awareness of open access electronic resources (OAER) by scientists in agricultural research institutes in Edo State, South – South geopolitical zone of Nigeria.Methodology: Descriptive survey research design was adopted. One hundred and fifty research scientists in agricultural research institutes in Edo (70 from Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria and 80 from Nigerian Institute For Oil Palm Research) constituted the population for the study. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Two research questions guided the study.Findings: The result of the study showed that scientists in agricultural research institutes in Edo state are fully aware of the existence of open access electronic resources but yet have greater access to traditional library materials than electronic journals and books for their research work.Implication: The study implies that the scientists though fully aware of existence of open access electronic resources but have challenges that compeled them to still access traditional library materials for their research work.Recommendation: It is recommended that the management of the two agricultural research institutes in Edo State should provide functional Internet facilities for the scientists and organize regular workshops and seminars aimed at informing their scientists on the relevance and use of open access electronic resources.
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Nwilo, P. C., and O. T. Badejo. "OIL SPILL PROBLEMS AND MANAGEMENT IN THE NIGER DELTA." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-567.
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ABSTRACT The coastal area of the Niger Delta is the home to oil explorations and exploitations in Nigeria. Oil spill incidents are common along the Nigeria. The main sources of oil spill on the Niger Delta are: vandalisation of the oil pipelines by the local inhabitants; ageing of the pipelines; oil blow outs from the flow stations; cleaning of oil tankers on the high sea and disposal of used oil into the drains by the road side mechanics. By far the most serious source of oil spill is through the vandalisation of pipelines either as a result of civil disaffection with the political process or as a criminal activity. To reduce the rate of oil incidents along the Nigerian Coast particularly as a result of vandalisation, the Federal Government through an act of the National Assembly created the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC). Part of the responsibilities of the commission is to develop a master plan for the development of the Niger Delta, provide infrastructure and create an enabling environment for industrialisation and employment. There are also several other laws dealing with issues related to oil pollution in the environment. Also, standards for the development of the environmental sensitivity index maps for the coast of Nigeria have been developed by the Environmental Systems Research institute (ESRI). These standards are to be used by all the oil companies to prepare ESI maps for their areas of operations in Nigeria. Furthermore, apart from the mechanical and chemical oil spill cleaning methods that have been used in managing oil spill problems, oil spill models have on several occasions being used to manage oil spills on the Nigerian Coast. A number of Federal and state agencies deal with the problems of oil spill in Nigeria. The agencies include: the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR), the Federal Ministry of Environment, the State Ministries of Environment and the National Maritime Authority. There is also the “Clean Nigeria Associates” which is an umbrella through which the Oil companies tackle major oil spills. There is a need to create serious awareness among the populace on the implications of oil spill incidents on the environment. Governments must assist the rural communities in claiming their rights on oil spills and ensure that digital ESI maps are readily available for managing oil spill maps. Government should have strict rules for local oil tankers that would ply our coastal and inland waters as a result of the new cabotage law that is just being passed into law in the country.
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Ayanlade, Oluwatoyin S., David O. Baloye, Margaret O. Jegede, and Ayansina Ayanlade. "A Geo-Informatics Technique for the Management of Meningitis Epidemic Distributions in Northern Nigeria." Information Resources Management Journal 28, no. 3 (July 2015): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/irmj.2015070102.
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This study aims at examining and mapping the spatiotemporal distribution of meningitis epidemic, in relation to climate variability, using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques. Using the northern part of Nigeria as a case study, data on meningitis epidemic were obtained from the archive of National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria for the periods between 1998 and 2013. The data were updated with collection from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). Also, Nigerian Ministry of Health has compiled consistent statistics on meningitis incidence for the periods. A meningitis distribution map was derived from an environmentally-driven form of predicted probability of epidemic experience as it is in International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) Database. The results showed that Meningitis Epidemic is very high during months with low rainfall. Thus, seasonality of rainfall and temperature are important determinants of Meningitis Epidemic incidence in the Northern part of Nigeria. Therefore, it can be confirmed, as cited in some literatures, that the distribution of the epidemics has a strong association with the environment, especially climate variability. Although meningitis surveillance systems in Nigeria have improved, they still fall short of the sensitivity required to demonstrate incidence changes in vaccinated and non-vaccinated cohorts and complementary approaches may be needed to demonstrate the impact of the vaccines. There is however, a need for a new technology and innovation like an integrated GIS, and other environmental modeling system, to allow health practitioners as well as policy makers, for better management, productivity and profitability.
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Oahimire, Debrah Memshima, Victor Uchechi Ukaegbu, and Joel Friday Ogbonna. "Quality assessment of some baryte ores in Benue state area, Nigeria for oilfield drilling." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 8, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 2861–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2021.084.2861.
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The massive exploration and production well drillings in Nigerian oilfield indicate the demand for drilling fluid supplements such as baryte, in managing over-pressured formations and preventing hazardous blowouts. The underdevelopment of Nigerian solid minerals has created a wide gap between the demand and supply of the local resource, whereas there exist some assertions that the Nigerian baryte quality is below the American Petroleum Institute, API, standard. This study aimed at testing and evaluating qualitatively, based on API standards, some baryte ores from the Benue area, Nigeria, to establish their usefulness or otherwise in oilfield drilling operations. General field studies and sampling with laboratory studies were done including flame tests, X-ray Diffraction and X-ray fluorescence, to confirm mineralogy and chemical compositions of the barytes respectively and very importantly, the API tests prescribed for drilling grade barytes were carried out. The results showed impressive quality barytes with a specific gravity range from 4.10 to 4.49 and concentration of alkaline earth metals as calcium, Ca, 20mg/kg to 48mg/kg, particle sizes processed within API standard requirement, and the weight percentage of BaSO4 composition of the ores ranged from 93.55% to 99.61%. There were no significant impurities of threat such as carbonates, iron ores, silicates and sulphides. The estimation of reserves and proper development of the resource is highly recommended as the quantity and quality might enhance the sustainability of local drilling grade baryte supply and save Nigeria the current huge capital flight and other plights
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Igboanusi, Herbert, Clement Odoje, and Garba Ibrahim. "The modernisation of HIV and AIDS’ nomenclatures in Nigeria’s major languages." Terminology 23, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 238–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.00003.igb.
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Abstract Although the level of awareness of HIV has significantly improved over the past decade following the coordinated activities of the National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Nigeria still remains one of the most burdened countries in the world with about 3 million people living with HIV. Increasing enlightenment campaigns on HIV and AIDS have not been able to achieve remarkable behaviour change as a result of the non-use of appropriate nomenclatures. Given the low literacy rate of Nigerians in English (about 61% based on UNESCO Institute for Statistics), communication strategies can only be effective when indigenous Nigerian languages have standardised and appropriate nomenclatures for HIV and AIDS. This study argues that the use of appropriate terms in the local languages in referring to HIV and AIDS is capable of reducing the stigmatisation and discrimination of people living with HIV and AIDS, and consequently reduce the spread of HIV through behaviour change. Accordingly, the study embarks on the lexical modernisation of HIV and AIDS nomenclatures in Nigeria’s three major languages (i.e. Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) in line with current developments around the world in the management of the two health conditions.
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DARAMOLA, FISAYO Y., SAMUEL B. ORISAJO, ANTOINETTE P. MALAN, and MARIETTE MARAIS. "Molecular characterization of Helicotylenchus multicinctus and H. dihystera (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) from Theobroma cacao in Nigeria." Zootaxa 4778, no. 2 (May 14, 2020): 343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4778.2.6.
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The genus Helicotylenchus contains cosmopolitan, ubiquitous plant-parasitic nematodes with some species capable of causing significant economic damage to agricultural crops. Accurate species identification in this genus is essential in recognizing the damaging species and establishing effective management options. In a study on cocoa plantations in Nigeria, two species of spiral nematodes were found in high numbers from soil samples obtained from a six-decade old cocoa plantation at the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria. An integrated approach involving a combination of morphology, morphometrics, and molecular tools was used to identify the nematode species. Morphological data indicate the presence of both H. multicinctus and H. dihystera. There is congruence in the morphological and molecular data obtained for H. multicinctus. However, phylogenetic analysis of the 28S rDNA expansion segment revealed a high variability in the sequences of the Nigerian population of H. dihystera, suggesting the need for a careful appraisal and more comparative studies.
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Saka, Abdullahi Babatunde, Fatai Oladayo Olaore, and Timothy Oluwatosin Olawumi. "Post-contract material management and waste minimization." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 17, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 793–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-10-2018-0193.
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Purpose This paper aims to assess the level of awareness of quantity surveyors in material management and their key roles in waste minimization during the post-contract stage of the project with a view of achieving value for money in their roles. Design/methodology/approach This involves administering a questionnaire survey to registered members of the Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors, the only recognized professional body of quantity surveyors in Nigeria, within Lagos state. The empirical questionnaire survey succeeds a literature review that isolates the key strategies used by quantity surveyors in material management and waste minimization at the post-contract stage. The validity of the questionnaire was carried out by two experienced construction industry researchers and three experienced professional quantity surveyors to ensure that the questionnaire was not ambiguous and that it consists of the right questions in tandem with the research. The respondents were grouped into consultant’s QS and contractor’s QS. Findings Key roles of quantity surveyors during the material management process are proper material storage, and material inventory and accounting are the most important material management and waste minimization practices during the institute stage. It revealed that there is a lack of material waste documentation practices during the construction stage. In addition, there is no statistically significant difference in the responses of the two groups. This may be because there is no clear compartmentalization between the practices of the two groups. In addition, these two groups had the same education training, as there is no difference between the educational training of the consultant’s QS and contractor’s QS. Originality/value This study assessed the quantity surveyors’ roles with regard to material management and waste minimization. It would add to the scanty research work in this area. The study has also successfully revealed the strategies that are to be adopted by the quantity surveyors to achieve value for money during the post-contract stage.
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Uddin, Irenonsen Oyaimare, Edwin Mbadiwe Igbokwe, and Jane M. Chah. "Challenges of Prison Farm Management in Nigeria." Kriminologija & socijalna integracija 28, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/ksi.28.1.1.
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This paper focuses on challenges of prison farm management in Nigeria. The empirical results are based on a qualitative and quantitative survey of 54 inmates and 17 prison officers in Ibite-Olo and Ozalla prison farms in Enugu and Edo States of Nigeria respectively. The findings show that the prison farms under study had collaboration with partner agencies such as the federal ministry of agriculture (57.9%), agricultural extension agents (47.4%), agricultural research institutes (42.1%) and NGOs (36.8%), among others. The necessary support from partner agencies covered the following: financial aid (78.9%) and sales/maintenance of farm machinery and implements (68.4%). Furthermore, inmates and prison officers stated the challenges hindering effective running of prison farms’ agricultural activities, including: inadequate funding, lack of physical infrastructure, inadequate farm equipment and poor storage facilities. The findings support the conclusion that the Nigerian Prison Service should make an upward review in its budgetary allocation to prison farms to enhance service delivery and inmate reformation, alongside provision of adequate infrastructure, equipment and farm inputs.
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Williams, C. K. "HIV/AIDS pandemic (AP) in Africa: Chronicle of a missed opportunity." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e22235-e22235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e22235.
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e22235 Background: AP unlike HTLV-I associated diseases arrived late in parts of Africa, including Nigeria, where retroviral research was already ongoing in collaboration with the US National Cancer Institute (USNCI), thus providing unique preventive interventional opportunity. A World Health Organization sponsored study of the role of sexual behavior in retroviral transmission in Nigeria was performed 1985–86. Methods: Using an ELISA and an investigational Western blot (IWB) assay, a small survey of the seroprevalence rate (SPR%) of HTLV-I and HIV was conducted in 3 regions of the country among 5 population groups with differing sexual behaviors: normal blood donors (NBD), female commercial sex workers (FCSW), sexually transmitted diseases patients, and religious male/female celibates. 204 samples were re-tested with recombinant enhanced “Singapore” HIV-1/2 WB (SWB) in 1994, in view of earlier HIV-1 IWB negativity. All serological tests were done at USNCI. Results: HTLV-I SPR varied by region and lifestyle, highest in eastern region (ER) (p=0.0000095), FCSW of ER (p=0.0006), and frequency of male heterosexual activity (p=0.024). HIV-1 was undetectable by IWB, while SWB revealed 2/204 HIV-1+ for countrywide SPR: ∼1.0; Western NBD: 1/100 (1.0); Western/Northern NBD: 1/184 (0.54): non-high risk Nigerians: 2/237 (0.84); FCSW: 0/46; celibates: 0/71, adult general Nigerian population (AGNP): ∼0.5–1.0, and translating to (∼240–480)x103 HIV-1+ AGNP. Assuming 20 HIV-1+ = 1 case of AIDS death, SWB- determined SPR predicted (∼12–24)×103 AIDS deaths among 48×106 AGNP in 1985–86, ∼5 of (2.4- 4.8)×103 (<0.2%) of whom presented with clinical AIDS features (CAF) at Nigeria's premier health institution (NPHI). Conclusions: In 1985–86, when patients with CAF rarely presented at NPHI and HIV-1 SPR was ≤1.0 in AGNP and FCSW, Nigerian health authority was advised on AP risk, unlike Uganda where it arrived unanticipated. Reports of SPR of 7.7 and 60.0 in AGNP and FCSW in 1996–2000 contrast against contemporary Ugandan SPR (14.0 down to 6.1) and Senegalese (0.4 up to 0.9), probably resulting from varying knowledge gap and angst-related inertia, illustrating mixed fortunes of AP in Africa, transcontinental variation in AP control capability, and providing lessons for the management of future public health challenges. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Okewole, Adeniran, Mobolaji Dada, Adefemi Adeoye, Kehinde Lawal, and Taiwo Oduguwa. "Acceptability and challenges of implementing the NICE guidelines for schizophrenia in Lagos, Nigeria." BJPsych. International 12, S1 (May 2015): S—23—S—25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000000817.
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This study aimed to examine the suitability and challenges of implementing in a Nigerian tertiary mental health facility the guidelines for the management of schizophrenia produced by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). The study was based on a group discussion at the Psychiatric Hospital, Yaba, Lagos. A panel of ten individuals (consultants, senior registrars, senior psychologists and senior social workers and nurses) discussed the guidelines, having been given ample time to study the document. Five patients were also interviewed. Some of the recommendations of the NICE guidelines are already being practised in the hospital to various extents. Full implementation would be hampered by a shortage of human resources and financial constraints. The guidelines need to factor in sociocultural differences. The NICE guidelines with modifications are suitable for use in a Nigerian setting.
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Esievo, K. A. N., L. O. Eduvie, and O. O. A. Fasanya. "Reproductive performance of sheep and goats under native husbandry." Journal of Agricultural Science 109, no. 1 (August 1987): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960008117x.
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Although over 90% of small ruminant production in Nigeria is done under native husbandry or semiintensive management, relatively little information on their reproductive performance is available. However, information on the reproductive performance of Nigerian small ruminants under intensive management conducted at Research Centres or Institutes is readily available (Adu, Buvanendran & Lakpini, 1979; Adu, Brinckman & Kuteyi, 1979; Molokwu & Umunna, 1980; Osinowo & Ekpe, 1985). Such reproductive information includes age at first lambing or kidding, birth weight, lambing or kidding intervals, seasonal effects and conception rates. Although the latter findings are meant for dissemination through Extension Services to rural producers for application, records of the effects of such application are scanty.
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Werigbelegha, Andabai Priye. "Theoretical Investigation for the Failure of Lehman Brothers and Merril Lynch: A Lesson for Banking Institutions in Nigeria." African Journal of Accounting and Financial Research 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajafr-s9jewhy3.
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The study theoretically examines the failure of Lehman Brothers and Merril Lynch as a lesson for the banking institutions in Nigeria. Hence, the instability experience in the Nigeria financial system in recent time; especially, banking sub-sector was as a result of institutional failure. Banking experts in Nigeria viewed that the failure of the two banks was an enough signal to the Nigerian banking industry. Hence, the study reveals that the two banks were absolutely limited to the size and age in determining their future instead of depending on the effectiveness and efficient management of risky assets. Hence, the conventional lending procedures are not instituted; rather than depending on subprime mortgage arrangement that has no collateral securities. The declining home prices has make refinancing more difficult as a result of inadequate innovations in securitization. The recommends that the regulatory authorities should not only relied on the conventional tools of bank supervision, but, they should employ more non-conventional methods of obtaining classified information. The financial institutions should train and retrain their employees to meet the current reality on ground. The conventional lending procedures should be instituted rather than depending on subprime mortgage management that did not have collateral securities. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) should be proactive to ensure effective supervision and risk management principles.
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Abbas, Kabiru Dahiru. "TRENDS IN KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION AND GENERATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR: PERSPECTIVES OF NIGERIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES." Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies 34, no. 3 (February 23, 2017): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/1088.
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Purpose - The paper is based on a study conducted to investigate the phenomenon of knowledge production and generation in agricultural sector, with particular focus on the Nigerian agricultural research institutes.Methodology - Qualitative and quantitative approaches known as mixed methods were used through survey design to collect data from the population of research scientists and directors of the institutes.Findings - The findings show that the knowledge produced by the institutes include: genetic improvement of varieties of cereals, crops, roots, tubers and barley; wheat, rice, soybeans, sugarcane, beniseed, millet; crop production, breeding, weed control, value-addition techniques, fertility of soil and mechanisation; crop improvement and management practices; generation of agricultural technologies and management practices; pest management, agronomic practices and improved seeds; fish production and management practices. The study found that generations of explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge was high in the institutes: explicit knowledge generation was enhanced by the constant documentation of research findings and research reports, seminars, workshops and conference papers; while tacit knowledge generation was facilitated by knowledge sharing through formal and informal engagements such as review meetings, cropping scheme meetings and regular staff meetings.Research implications – Stimulate Nigeria to become self-sufficient in feeding its own people by investing in the agricultural knowledge production to drive research and innovation in the sector since knowledge production is a critical tool in innovation, research and development. Social implications – The study provides a deeper understanding of various phenomena pertaining to the knowledge production and generation in the agricultural sector which could serve as a basis for re-evaluation, re-strategising and re-focusing knowledge management practices in the research institutes. Originality/value - The originality of the study lies in its ability to investigate how concepts and variables from the Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) and another three theories/models played out in the context of Nigerian agricultural research institutes. The study contributes to policy, theory, practice and society.
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O. T., Ayanda,, Oloniruha, E. A., and Ogungbade, A. A. (Miss). "Records Management Practices in Research Institutes in South-West, Nigeria." Frontiers in Education Technology 3, no. 3 (August 22, 2020): p37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/fet.v3n3p37.
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This study investigated records management practices in some selected research institutes in Nigeria within the framework of records life-cycle concepts. The primary aim is to explore how research records are managed and find out whether records management as a valuable resource of research institutes receives the desired attention as regards quality practice, level of implementation among others. Using survey research and stratified random sampling techniques, records management practice questionnaire was designed and used to collect data from two hundred and twenty-three respondents that were randomly selected from six out of the fourteen research institute in South-West, Nigeria. The result showed that, research institutes created and managed all types of records predominantly in paper form (68.4%), while the decentralized system of filing was generally practiced in all the research institutes (98%). Although various filing methods, Simple lists were found to be the main tool used for both records control and retrieval. A high level of records insecurity was found (68%), while records generated were managed manually through filing of hard copies in folders and kept in wooden cabinets, metal cabinet and filing shelves. The management of research records were at great variance with the stipulations of the records life-cycle concept and that research records is yet to attain minimal level or records management implementation. This study recommends that records management practice should be adequately funded; recruiting qualified records managers, and embracing the wide range of opportunities offered by ICT for the management of research records.
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KABIRU, DAHIRU ABBAS. "KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT RESOURCES AND TECHNIQUES USED TO ENHANCE KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES IN NIGERIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES." i-manager's Journal of Educational Technology 15, no. 4 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jet.15.4.15729.
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Adunola, Adewale Oluseyi. "Housing Sustainability Challenges in a Nigerian City." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 4, no. 2 (September 24, 2015): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v4i2.8092.
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<p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">This paper discusses housing sustainability challenges and applicable sustainable urban renewal strategy for Nigerian cities, and thereby emphasizes the dimension of government-instituted urban renewal policy. This is with a view to projecting the need for urban housing sustainability with respect to developing countries A field survey conducted in Ile-Ife, a typical Nigerian city in its South-Western region is used to appraise the extent of the housing sustainability challenges. The four areas for the survey- Itakogun-Okerewe, Ogbingbin, Obalufon-Ilara and Igboya, were purposively selected from the Ife Central Local Government which constitutes the central area of Ile-Ife. The conditions of the houses and neighbourhoods were assessed by means of administration of questionnaire to residents and observation. In each of the four areas surveyed, the findings indicated that the built environment was deplorable. The indoor and outdoor environmental quality factors were unsatisfactory to respondents and the essential services were not in serviceable condition. The study concluded that the poor and uncomfortable housing and environmental living conditions in the city core areas reflected the stress of urbanization. The findings, though limited in scope to one typical Nigerian city, give insight that housing challenges of urban central areas are in unsustainable dimensions. It was recommended that there must be a commitment to adequate and far-reaching urban renewal programmes based on sustainability, energy conservation and human comfort. Government intervention in the dynamics of the urban environment in Nigeria is urgently required to effect good governance and acceptable urban management.</span></p>
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Ugoani, John. "Poor Public Management and Public Governance Failure." International Journal of Political Activism and Engagement 7, no. 3 (July 2020): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpae.20200701.oa1.
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Nigeria is regarded as the giant of Africa because of its huge oil resource wealth. For years the country has been restoring peace in troubled countries. It also has the support of world leaders because of its strong advocacy against corruption and terrorism. This achievement in the global governance agenda is a blessing. However, the problem of corruption and mismanagement is a curse. In the context of the curse or blessing debate in oil-rich countries, it is clear from evidence that the experience of Nigeria is a mixed blend of blessing and curse. Exploratory research design was used for the study, and data analyses showed positive association between poor public management and public governance failure, as a result of the gross negative effect. To mitigate such a negative trend, it was recommended that government should institute management teams in government, departments, agencies, and parastatals to monitor the use of public resources for public good.
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Kamara, Alpha Y., Hakeem A. Ajeigbe, Nathalie Ndaghu, Lucy Kamsang, Temitope Ademulegun, and Reuben Solomon. "Using a Participatory Approach and Legume Integration to Increase the Productivity of Early Maturing Maize in the Nigerian Sudan Savannas." International Journal of Agronomy 2019 (December 4, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5154943.
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Drought, infestation of cereal crops by the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica, and poor soil fertility are the major constraints to maize production by smallholder farmers in the Sudan savannas of northern Nigeria. Four innovation platforms (IPs) were therefore established in 2008 in the Sudan savanna (SS) agroecological zone of northern Nigeria to create a stakeholder forum to address these identified food production challenges in the target areas. The IPs comprised researchers from Bayero University, Kano; Institute for Agricultural Research, Zaria; International Institute of Tropical Agriculture; state and local government extension programs in Kano and Katsina states; input and output dealers; community-based organisations; and media organisations in the two states. The current study reports on the effects of legume integration on maize performance in farmer fields and the adoption of Striga management technologies introduced in the IPs over a four-year period. The deployment of drought- Striga-tolerant and early-maturing maize varieties along with legume rotation reduced Striga infestation by 46–100% when cowpea was rotated with maize, 80–97% when groundnut was rotated with maize, and 59–94% when soybean was rotated with maize. Grain yield of maize increased by 63–88% when cowpea was rotated with maize, 69–128% when groundnut was rotated with maize, and 9–133% when soybean was rotated with maize. Participatory and detailed questionnaire-based adoption surveys showed high adoption of improved maize varieties, five years after program interventions. The maize variety 99EVDT-W-STR C0 was the most popular among all the IPs because it is early maturing, Striga-resistant, and drought-tolerant. The high maize yields and high adoption rates suggest that the IP approach was effective in disseminating maize technologies.
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Ogunsina, Olusola, Micah Ekwus Obiegbu, and Onaopepo Adeniyi. "Factors confronting quantity surveying practice: the case of Nigeria." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 16, no. 5 (October 9, 2018): 767–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-04-2016-0027.
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Purpose As the challenges confronting a system are better addressed when known and understood, this paper aims to report the findings of a study that investigated the factors confronting professional quantity surveying using Nigeria as a case. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was developed and pre-tested as the instrument for collecting data. A total of 64 quantity surveyors practicing in Lagos, Port Harcourt and Enugu completed the questionnaire out of a non-probabilistic sample of 100. Severity Index and Spearman rank correlation coefficient were used in data analysis. Findings The outcome revealed that the top five factors perceived to be confronting the profession include poor marketing of the profession, opposition from engineers, the dominance of multinational companies that do not have quantity surveying as a distinct profession in their country of origin, widespread corruption in Nigeria and professional incompetence of some quantity surveyors. Furthermore, the two categories of respondents – professional quantity surveyors and probationers – agree in their ranking of the factors confronting the profession. The ranking of the 17 factors between the two categories of respondents was tested using Spearman’s rho. The result showed that the difference in perception of professional members of the Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors and the probationers with regard to factors confronting the quantity surveying profession is not significant at p < 0.01. These findings are then discussed in the light of previous works, and implications for both academics and professionals within the quantity surveying profession were highlighted. Originality/value This study has highlighted the key issues to consider as stakeholders attempt to advance the course of quantity surveying and construction cost management profession.
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Akerele, Adebimpe Omorinsola, Irewolede Aina Ijaola, and Olatunbosun Hezekiel Omolayo. "Effects of Synthetic Foam on the Properties of Stabilized Lateritic Bricks." Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeppm-2021-0007.
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AbstractManaging the production costs of construction projects is crucial especially in the aspect of material management. The use of lightweight materials reduces the dead load in structures, thus the reduction in the use of reinforcement and concrete in the foundation. To this end, this study examined the effect of synthetic foam on the properties of stabilized lateritic brick with a view to producing lightweight stabilized laterite brick for use on weak soils with low bearing capacity. Laboratory tests were conducted on the bricks produced to determine the density, compressive strength, and water absorption properties at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Preformed foam using synthetic foaming agent was used at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% to replace the water in the experiment. One hundred twenty samples of stabilized foamed lateritic bricks were produced at a mixed ratio of 1:4 (cement: laterite) using a 0.6 water/cement ratio. The result showed that the bricks at all percentages of foam content meet up with the minimum requirement of compressive strength of 1.6N/mm2, 2.0N/mm2 and 3.5N/mm2 recommended by the Nigerian Building code, Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute, and the third class brick of the BS 3921:1985 respectively. The water absorption is within the limits of bricks specified in standards as 15%. The highest compressive strength was recorded at 25% foam inclusion (4.839N/mm2) on 28th day hence concluding that foaming agent stabilizes the characteristics strength of laterite bricks and also reduces its density.
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Igoni, Sunday E., and Eric L. Prentis. "Leadership: A Case Study on the Importance of Ethics and Trust." Journal of Business 1, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/job.v1i3.22.
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<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: medium;">This research is important because it empirically tests why ethical behavior by business and government leaders is essential for good management</span><span style="font-size: medium;">—</span><span style="font-size: medium;">which is to earn trust from customers and constituents</span><span style="font-size: medium;">—</span><span style="font-size: medium;">thus ensuring organizations are successful</span><span style="font-size: medium;">, </span><span style="font-size: medium;">for the greater good,</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> over the long term, </span><span style="font-size: medium;">especially in the global marketplace</span><span style="font-size: medium;">. L</span><span style="font-size: medium;">aw and morality</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> are </span><span style="font-size: medium;">two standards by which business and government leaders are judged, but these norms fail whenever laws are not enforced and morality is disregarded.</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> Five research questions on leadership are statistically tested, using </span><span style="font-size: medium;">a </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Likert-scale response </span><span style="font-size: medium;">measure questionnaire—</span><span style="font-size: medium;">based on </span><span style="font-size: medium;">“perceptions of societal corruption” and “trust levels,” using Bandura’s “aggressive behavior modification theory,” as the model for analysis. Nigeria is selected as the location of this case study on leadership ethics and trust, because Nigerian government officials have a long history of unethical and corrupt behavior. Descriptive statistics, along with chi-square quantitative research methods</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> reveals </span><span style="font-size: medium;">“perceptions of societal corruption” in Nigeria are high and “trust levels”</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> for government leaders are very low. Leaders in Nigeria are only as ethical as the code-of-conduct prevalent in their country</span><span style="font-size: medium;">—</span><span style="font-size: medium;">where</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> cultural, economic and legal factors contribute to the nation’s corrupt society—which may cause Nigeria to become a failed state. To change the Nigerian culture of societal corruption—</span><span style="font-size: medium;">education is</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> necessary—</span><span style="font-size: medium;">to instruct elected officials, civil servants, business leaders and Nigerian society, at large, on the importance of ethics and trust.</span><span style="font-size: medium;">Nigerian</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> government and business leaders should institute an ethics policy—and implement five suggested reforms presented in this paper—which will help establish government leader’s ethical integrity and improve citizens’ trust and confidence in their government. Recommendations for future research on government and business leadership ethics and trust are offered. </span></span></p><p><strong><em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;"> </span></em></strong></p>
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Oke, Ayodeji Emmanuel, Deji Rufus Ogunsemi, and Morenike Adeyelu. "Quadrant and gap analysis of required and exhibited quantity surveyors’ competencies." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 17, no. 6 (December 4, 2019): 1161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-01-2019-0029.
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Purpose In their delivery of service, quantity surveyors are not in any way protected against threats and changes in their operating environment as a result of globalisation and continuous change in demand of clients. This research therefore examined the current and important areas of competencies of Nigerian quantity surveyors in their quest to continue to provide value for money for their clients. Design/methodology/approach Primary data were collected through administration of questionnaires on quantity surveyors that are members of the Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (NIQS). Mean item score (MIS) was used to rank required and exhibited competencies while gap and quadrant analyses were employed to evaluate their importance and proficiency level. Findings Core competencies required of quantity surveyors are costing of construction works; valuation; estimating and tendering; and procurement management while valuation; estimating and tendering; and costing of construction works are top three competencies currently exhibited. There is significant difference in the level of importance of the competencies areas compared to their exhibition by quantity surveyors. Originality/value It was noted that some important areas of competencies are not currently exhibited by quantity surveyors in the study area, there is therefore the need for personal and collective continuous development through workshops, conferences and seminars that will enhance the identified competencies areas. Training of undergraduates and retraining of practicing quantity surveyors is also essential to inculcate competencies that are not currently exhibited. This will benefit quantity surveyors and bodies concerned with the regulation of the profession in their quest for better service delivery.
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IKEDIASHI, Dubem I., and Isaac A. ODESOLA. "FACILITIES MANAGEMENT OUTSOURCING: THEORETICAL TRENDS AND EVIDENCE FROM PRACTICE IN NIGERIA AND UNITED KINGDOM." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 20, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2015.1132789.
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Previous research has acknowledged facilities management (FM) as a discipline that optimises the delivery of facilities and its related services through use of high profile strategies that provide cost effective, high quality and integrated approach to the concept of managing facilities and its related services. The purpose of this paper is to examine the theoretical trends in outsourcing of FM functions and the current state of FM practice using Nigeria and UK as case studies. This re- search used a combination of literature review and questionnaire survey. The questionnaire survey was conducted to further explore (through comparative analysis) the perception of 30 (15 from UK and 15 from Nigeria) carefully selected facilities managers in UK and Nigeria who are subscribing members of British Institute of Facilities Management (BIFM) and International Facilities Manage- ment Association (IFMA) Nigeria’s chapter respectively. 22 respondents consisting of 13 received from UK respondents and 9 from Nigeria responded to the survey giving a response rate of 73%. Findings reveal among others that FM has grown from the traditional day-to-day operational management to being a strategic management tool; while janitorial services and facilities maintenance remain the most outsourced FM services.
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Molleda, Juan-Carlos, and Abubakar D. Alhassan. "Professional views on the Nigeria Institute of Public Relations’ law and enforcement." Public Relations Review 32, no. 1 (March 2006): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2005.10.008.
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Gregory, Peter J. "Dennis James Greenland. 13 June 1930—23 December 2012." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 66 (January 30, 2019): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2018.0030.
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Dennis Greenland was an outstanding soil scientist who combined the analytical rigour of a chemist with the practical application of an agricultural scientist. His early research employed X-ray diffraction and other emerging analytical techniques to determine the surface properties of clay minerals and their interactions with organic components of soils. This, in turn, led to research to understand the forces leading to aggregate and structural stability (and instability) in soils of the UK, Australia, Nigeria and the tropics generally. Simultaneously, Dennis engaged with the practical problems faced by farmers in the tropics to maintain the fertility of their soils and ensure long-term crop production; his early work (with Peter Nye) on shifting cultivation is regarded as a classic of the soil science literature. These two elements of his research came together during his periods as deputy director general, with responsibility for research, at the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Nigeria (1974–1976) and the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in The Philippines (1979–1987). At both institutions he sought to improve the research in natural resources so that the genetic gains delivered by crop breeding could be achieved by farmers on their fields. At IRRI he encouraged research on rice-growing environments and improved water management taking account of catchment uses, and he promoted integrated approaches to nutrient management that combined organic and inorganic sources. This passion for integrated approaches to soil management led to his championing, and eventually chairing, the International Board for Soil Research and Management (IBSRAM), in which he played a major role in forming networks of multi-location experiments with many institutions.
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Abioro, Matthew Adekunle, Jayeola Olabisi, Isaac Oladepo Onigbinde, and Adedolapo Mercy Adedeji. "Skill Mapping, Talent Pool Management and Organisational Development: Evidence from Professional Bodies in Nigeria." Economics and Business 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2020-0004.
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AbstractThe study examined the influence of skill mapping and talent pool management on organisational development in Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research and the study population comprised three thousand (3000) active members of Chartered Institute of Personnel Management (CIPM) in Nigeria as at 2019. A research instrument, well structured, titled “Skill mapping, talent pool management and organisational development” was used to collect data from a sample size of 353 members randomly selected from the population. Descriptive and inferential statistics were adopted to analyse the formulated hypotheses. The result of the study showed a positive effect of employee engagement on organisational development (R2 = 0.664, P = 0.000); and a significant effect of succession planning on organisational development (R2 = 0.781, P = 0.000). There was also a significant effect of job rotation on organisational development (R2 = 0.392, P = 0.000). The study concluded that skill mapping and talent pool management (in terms of properly matching tasks with personnel) played a significant role in the development of an organisation. Therefore, the study recommended that human resource managers at every organisation should strive to keenly match employee with tasks where they were more skilful and talented, as failure to do this, might result in employees’ inefficiency and turnover.
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Olonade, Zachheaus O., Oluwatobi O. Omotoye, and Akinyemi M. Oluwoye. "Leadership Style and Organizational Culture as Correlate of Job Satisfaction Among Agricultural Training Institute’s Workers in Kwara State, Nigeria." Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v3i1.37584.
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Background: The workplace is a complex and cultured environment that requires intellectual leadership and a different degree of management style due to global economic competitiveness.
Objective: The objectives of the study are to examine the relationship between leadership style, organizational culture, and job satisfaction among workers in the Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute (ARMTI) Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Method: This research study employed a descriptive survey research method. The total number of employees in ARTMTI in Ilorin was 762. Using a simple random sampling technique, a total of 401 respondents was randomly selected from the population of the study for questionnaire administration. 401 questionnaires were distributed out of which 325 questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed for the study. Data were analyzed using Pearson Moment Correlation on the relationships between leadership style, organizational culture, and job satisfaction.
Result: The study found that leadership style and organizational culture were significantly correlated with job satisfaction at a 0.05 level of significance.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, the study concluded that there is a relationship between leadership style, organizational culture, and job satisfaction among workers in the Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute (ARMTI) Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Recommendation: The study recommended that leaders should realize that influencing the satisfaction of employees leads to higher performance and lower turnover rates among other things. Leadership in organizations should be assessed and managers should become aware of what is needed to obtain positive results from employees to improve performance.
Originality: This article is original and there is no potential conflict of interest.
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Konyeha, S., and F. A. Imouokhome. "Development of a Web Based Expert System for Rubber Crop Disease Diagnosis and Management." Journal of Scientific Research 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v10i3.34786.
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An expert system imitates the decision–making adeptness of a human expert. They are intended to answer complicated questions characterized mainly as if–then rules instead of traditional procedural code. A major problem facing the cultivation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in developing countries is the destructive effect of pathogens which result in about fifty percent (50%) loss in crop yield. This problem persists, due to a communication gap between agricultural researchers, such that field extension officers, and farmers are hampered by various operational and logistic challenges. This paper is an effort to bridge this gap, and hence features an expert system that can be accessed online by farmers. The expert system allows farmers to select disease symptoms presented in categories from a JAVA based user friendly graphical interface. The output generated by the rule–base engine, diagnoses the diseases of the rubber crop, and suggests curative and preventive measures. The main source of information for developing the expert system’ knowledge–base was the Rubber Research Institute, Iyanomo, Edo State, Nigeria.
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Nwagwu, Chinedu John, and Georgina Onosuime Umoru. "CHANGE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY “A STUDY OF SELECTED REAL ESTATE FIRMS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA”." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8092.
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This paper examines the concept of change management (CM) and how it affects organizational productivity in the real estate sector. The paper also focuses on change management and its impact on organizational growth and development in the same sector of the economy. The paper adopted a survey research design approach, using the questionnaire as the major data collection instrument. A total of one hundred (100) questionnaires were randomly distributed to respondents of ten different real estate firms who were undergoing a one-month training course at a training institute located in Lagos, Nigeria and ninety (90) were collected and used for analyzing the data for this research paper. The hypothesis of this paper was tested using Chi-square statistical tool. The findings of this paper reveal that X2 calculated value of 62.62, greater than the table value of 51.88, implying that human resource training and development is a function of the efficient and effective workforce. It also revealed that training aimed at enhancing employee’s skills and knowledge base translates to overall organizational success. The study, therefore, recommends among others that the training and development plan to cover all levels of the organization because the whole are interwoven and the neglect of one part may lead to the collapse of all.
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Chukwujioke Agbim, Kenneth. "Effect of Ethical Leadership on Corporate Governance, Performance and Social Responsibility: A Study of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Benue State, Nigeria." International Journal of Community Development and Management Studies 2 (2018): 019–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31355/20.
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NOTE: THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED WITH THE INFORMING SCIENCE INSTITUTE. Aim/Purpose............................................................................................................................................................................. This study seeks to examine the effect of ethical leadership on corporate governance, corporate performance and corporate social responsibility in selected Nigerian deposit money banks. Background............................................................................................................................................................................. Business ethics, corporate governance and corporate social responsibility developed as movements to check unethical and corrupt practices in organizations and by extension improve the performance of the organizations. However, the application of these measures has not yielded the desired results. This is evident in the number of top executives of corporate giants like Enron of the United States of America and Satyam of India that have been embroiled in unethical practices. In Nigeria, the corporate corruption and scandal involving top management of deposit money banks has given rise to mergers, acquisition and failure of some of the banks. Thus, this study argues that there is a missing link in the application of these measures. That missing link is ethical leadership. Methodology............................................................................................................................................................................. The study employed survey research design. Stratified sampling technique was employed to select the respondents that completed the questionnaire. The generated data were analyzed using linear regression. Contribution............................................................................................................................................................................... The study established that a robust organization can be developed by main-streaming corporate governance, corporate performance and corporate social responsibility using a nurtured ethical leader. Findings..................................................................................................................................................................................... The results reveal that ethical leadership has significant positive effects on corporate governance, corporate performance and corporate social responsibility. Recommendations for Practitioners......................................................................................................................................... Management should show more commitment in the selection and development of leaders and followers. All the stakeholders should be equally involved in the formulation of corporate governance principles. A nurtured ethical leader should be employed to mainstream corporate governance, corporate performance and corporate social responsibility through the organizational culture. Recommendation for Researchers............................................................................................................................................ The use of objective measures or better still subjective measures is suggested as a way of generalizing the present findings. Impact on Society...................................................................................................................................................................... The findings of this study will expose deposit money bank stakeholders to the consequences of ethical and unethical practices. It will create in bankers the need to abide by ethical leadership and to be whistle-blowers. The findings are expected to engender more stern monitoring measures by the banks’ regulatory agency. These measures are further expected to ensure the reinvention of the banks’ organizational culture so much so that they will contain the core values of code of ethics, corporate governance, performance and social responsibility. The outcome of the study is expected to make the regulatory agency more proactive rather than being reactive to deposit money bank matters. This will consequently put a stop to the fall in the taxes accruable to government in the event of bank failure. Future Research......................................................................................................................................................................... To generalize the findings for the whole of Nigeria, similar study should be conducted in other geopolitical zones of the country.
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O, Azuonwu. "Challenges of Home Treatment/Care of COVID-19 Patients in Nigeria: A Public Health Risk and a Huge Deceit of our Time." Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 5, no. 5 (2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000179.
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Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 was first discovered in a highly populated city of China in late 2019, and has since spread to most countries of the world, causing several morbidities and mortalities. In the bid to contain the disease and curtail its spread, different countries have instituted several policies, and while these policies may work for some countries, it may not work for others. Nevertheless, the disease has affected over 19 million people globally, killing as many as 700,000. Yet, thousands of persons are still being infected on a daily basis. Aim: To x-ray and evaluate the suitability of home-based treatment/care of COVID-19 patients in Nigeria. Methodology: Peer-reviewed articles revealing information about COVID-19 and its effects globally were sourced from different electronic databases (including WHO, Pub Med, Science Direct, NCDC, etc.), and appraised to extract valuable data and information from them for the purpose of analysis and synthesis of developing robust body of knowledge. Findings: The results obtained from our search include some details about COVID-19 infection, the disease epidemiology, diagnosis, management and guidelines for home-based treatment of COVID-19 patients. Also, discussed in this study are some loopholes in the Nigerian health system and leadership that makes it difficult for foreign policies or strategies (on COVID-19 containment) to be implemented in Nigeria. Conclusion/Recommendation: Differences in lifestyles and cultures among different countries of the world means that there is no one-size-fits-all solution to the problems created by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, each country is advised to determine which policies best suit the lifestyles and cultures peculiar to her inhabitants. There is literally no room for copy and paste syndrome
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Ajagbe, S. O. "Management of aquatic plants and their contributions to fisheries production in Ikere-Gorge, Iseyin, Oyo State, Nigeria." Agro-Science 19, no. 4 (October 29, 2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v19i4.4.
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Aquatic plants are important in freshwater ecosystems. They provide food, shelter, spawning and nursery grounds for fish. They are usually found at the littoral parts of freshwater ecosystems. The abundance, distribution and diversity of aquatic plant of Ikere-gorge, Iseyin, Nigeria were examined between January 2017 and December 2018. There are twelve fishing villages in Ikere-gorge and four villages were randomly selected. Aquatic plants were sampled and collected with the help of hired fishermen. The collected aquatic plant samples were identified at the Forest Herbarium of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria with appropriate keys. This work identified 13 families and 23 species of aquatic plants. Cyperaceae family recorded the highest (4) number of individual species while Salvinia molesta had the highest abundance in all the sampling sites. The ecological classification of the aquatic plants showed that 14 species are emergent; 7 species floating and 3 species submerged. Site C had the most abundance (9220) of aquatic plants, followed by site D (8490), site B (8130) and site A (7940). The gamma (γ) and beta (β) diversities were 23 and 0.01 respectively. The alpha (α) diversity included Dominance (0.08), Simpson (0.92) and Shannon-Wiener (2.72) respectively. These results show that Salvinia molesta and Najas guadalupensis are the most and least abundant aquatic plants in Ikere-gorge respectively; which may be due to their ecological status. Moreover, management of aquatic plants is an integral part of fisheries management for sustainable fisheries. Therefore, their management is essential for the maintenance of aquatic biodiversity.
Key words: aquatic plants, diversity, emergent, floating, submerged
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Ajibade, Patrick, and Stephen M. Mutula. "Promoting SMEs effectiveness through innovative communication strategies and business-IT alignment." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 3 (September 14, 2020): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(3).2020.20.
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The firm’s effective alignment of Information Communication Technology (ICT) capabilities with the SME’s business process to achieve agile communication strategies will distinguish profitable and failing firms in this global market milieu. The paper examined SMEs’ communication strategies in South Africa and Nigeria by evaluating their ability to align business and IT to promote innovation and competitive edge in their operations. Quantitative data from 230 SMEs in Nigeria and South Africa were presented. The findings indicated that the business manager’s knowledge of IT understanding is limited (= .29), the effectiveness of IT and business liaison and cooperation (= .30), and the dynamic of IT-based decision-making (= .33), and the SME’s knowledge sharing experiences through organization learning (= –.07). These findings showed a lack of communication effectiveness due to the inability to align ICT capabilities with the SME’s communications strategies. Similarly, an inverse correlation between communication and ICT infrastructure (–.26); between communication and skill (–.32); between communication and business and IT governance (–.71); between communication and ICT value that the SMEs derived from their use of information communication technology (–.78) due to lack of business and IT alignment. The paper recommends that SMEs must not rely on the acquisition of ICT infrastructure but must ensure its integration with their business processes. AcknowledgmentThe financial assistance of the National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences- Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (NIHSS-CODESRIA) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the NIHSS- CODESRIA.
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Shehu, Constance E., Ojogbane I. Ekele, Abubakar A. Panti, Ibrahim Ango, Bissallah A. Ekele, and Mohammed Umar. "The incidence, pattern and management of sexual assault in a tertiary hospital in North-western Nigeria." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 9 (August 26, 2019): 3715. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193804.
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Background: Sexual assault is any sexual act performed by one person on another without the person’s consent or on a victim who is incapable of giving consent. It is a violation of basic human rights, a gender-based issue and a violent crime against both the individual and the society. The objectives of the study were to determine the incidence, pattern and management of sexual assault in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.Methods: This was a 10 - year retrospective study. Case records of sexual assault from 1st January, 2007 to 31st December, 2016 were retrieved and relevant data extracted and analyzed using the SPSS for windows version 20.0Results: The incidence of sexual assault was 0.8%. Majority, 88 (85.4%) occurred in children and adolescents. Peno-vaginal penetration was the most common form of assault 65 (63.1%) and the assailants were known to the victims in 74 (71.9%) of the cases. Involvement of psychiatrists/psychologists in the management of the victims was poor as psychiatrists were involved in only 13 (12.6%) of the cases. Most of the victims were lost to follow up.Conclusions: Sexual assaults occurred mostly in children and adolescents in this study. Increased public awareness and preventive interventions are required especially among the at-risk age groups to enhance their safety. Training of relevant persons in the institution to offer counselling to the victims is recommended as referral for psychiatrists’ consultation was poor. It is important to institute a good tracking system to follow up the victims as most are lost to follow up.
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Amenaghawon, Odia Honesty, Gbenga Ekundayo, Festus Odhigu, and Mary Josiah. "Nexus Between Corporate Social Responsibility, Environmental Disclosure and Financial Reporting Quality Among Listed Firms in Nigeria." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n2p93.
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This paper seeks to provide a novel approach and insight into the synergies between corporate social responsibility (CSR), environmental disclosure (ED) and financial reporting quality (FRQ) which is emerging and changing rapidly. The study examined the nexus between corporate social responsibility (CSR), environmental disclosure (ED) and financial reporting quality (FRQ) among corporate entities listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE). Data were collected from a sample of 169 listed firms in Nigeria. The research used a panel data set comprising of 624 firm year observations spanning the period 2015 to 2017. The empirical results of the study revealed that there exists a significant relationship between environmental disclosure(ED), firm size (FS), and financial reporting quality (FRQ). However, empirical evidence shows an insignificant relationship between social disclosure (SD), leverage and financial reporting quality (FRQ). We therefore recommend a proposal for the establishment of an inductive corporate social responsibility/environmental disclosure/financial reporting framework that future scientists/scholars can institute to explore the determinants of corporate social responsibility (CSR), environmental disclosure (ED) and financial reporting quality (FRQ) in developing countries.
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Sambo, Banake E., and Ehiabhi C. Odion. "Clipped Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Fodder Utilization: A Potential for Income Growths of Resource Poor Farmers in the Savannah Regions of Nigeria." Sustainable Agriculture Research 5, no. 1 (January 19, 2016): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n1p70.
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<p>Cowpea features prominently in the farming systems of the semi-arid tropics where they are grown for fodder used as feed for livestock. Traditional farm varieties are the indeterminate, spreading type which grow fast; cover the soil surface and produce large quantities of biomass. Studies have focused on the use of such green crop materials for soil fertility improvement. But, it’s been highlighted that a green manure crop should also be a cover crop of economic value. Such crops should raise the farmers’ income not only indirectly by improving soil fertility but also directly by yielding products of economic importance such as food and fodder. In addition, trading in these residues (fodder/ haulms) can be highly remunerating. It is against this background that this study was carried out at the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; During the 2002-2005 wet seasons; to determining the influence of intra-row spacing, clipping height and time on the productivity and income growth potential of the dual purpose cowpea (<em>Vigna unguiculata</em> (L.) Walp). The experimental lay out was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD); replicated three times. The data was analyzed statistically using the analysis of variance test (ANOVA); and the means compared using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that, clipping management, facilitated the production of large (15 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) amounts of green plant biomass on-farm. This could be put to various uses by the resource poor farmer who usually is cash strapped at the peak of the farming (dry) season. The farmer could choose to keep and use the fodder to feed animals, and/ or trade it off and use the proceeds (<s>N</s> 41, 000.00 - <s>N</s> 46, 000.00 - Nigerian Naira equivalent) to subsidize on fertilizer requirement and/ or meet up with immediate socio-economic family demands. Additionally, considering the high amount (187 kg<sup>-1</sup>) of N-added to the soil (i.e. about 4 bags of Urea fertilizer), a cost saving of about <s>N</s> 24, 000.00 was made by the resource poor farmer; which could have otherwise been invested into the procurement of N-fertilizer input. It is concluded that such pro-poor income growths originating from the adoption of such innovative clipping management technological farming practices as this, needs to be encouraged and supported; as this hold immense potential of increasing the income of resource poor, low income, and low technology farmers. Indeed, it is a veritable tool for the reduction of food insecurity and poverty viz. economic empowerment in the region.</p><p> </p>
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Abdu, Lawan. "Epidemiological Properties of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in Nigeria." Journal of Ophthalmology 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/402739.
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Background. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is progressive chronic optic neuropathy in adults in which intraocular pressure (IOP) and other currently unknown factors contribute to damage. POAG is the second commonest cause of avoidable blindness in Nigeria.Pattern of Presentation. POAG is characterized by late presentation. Absence of pain which is a driving force for seeking medical help, inadequacy of trained eye care personnel, paucity of facilities, misdistribution of resources, lack of awareness, poor education, and poverty may all contribute to this. Medical and surgical treatment options available are challenging and tasking.Screening for Glaucoma. Screening is the presumptive identification of unrecognized disease (POAG) by applying test(s) which can be applied rapidly. Such test(s) should be of high reliability, validity, yield, acceptable, and cost effective. The test should ideally be sensitive, specific, and efficient. It is difficult to select a suitable test that meets these criteria. Intraocular pressure (IOP) appears to be the easiest option. But, high IOP is not diagnostic nor does normal value exclude the disease. Health education is a possible strategy in early case detection and management.Treatment of POAG. Glaucoma treatment can either be medical or surgical (this includes laser). Considering unavailability, potency, cost, and long-term effects of medication, surgery (trabeculectomy) could be a better option. Laser trabeculoplasty is available in a few centers. Viscocanalostomy is not routinely performed. Patient education is vital to success as management is for life.Conclusion. POAG remains a cause of avoidable blindness in Nigeria. There is need for long-term strategy to identify patients early and institute prompt management. Improvement in training of eye care personnel and provision of up to date equipment is essential in achieving this goal.
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AKANBI, Olorunfemi Sunday Ojo, and Onawumi Olufisayo Olayinka. "Evaluation of Soil Quality Status under Different Forest Tree Species in Nigeria." Transactions on Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/tmlai.91.9824.
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A study was carried out at Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan, South -western, Nigeria in the second quarters of 2018 to evaluate the current status and the distribution of some soil quality factors of study area. The study also aimed at suggesting strategies for efficient management of the soil quality factors in the study areas. Soil samples were collected under six (6) different forest trees species plantations. The samples were subjected to routine laboratory analytical protocol for the determination of both physical and chemical properties of the samples. Results implicated that the soil organic matter (SOM) of the study area varied from one forest plantation to the other. However, SOM was found to be highest under natural forest (NF) with a mean value of 3.90% while open field had the least with a mean value of 1.62%. Similar results were observed for soil total nitrogen (N). There was a significant (p<0.05)difference in the amount of exchangeable K contents (0.008cmol/kg) in soils under open field with less ground cover and forest tree species relative to soils under NF, Nauclea dideirichi (ND) and Mangifera indica (MI) respectively. Soils under NF significantly recorded the highest exchangeable Ca compared to open field and others. It can therefore be concluded that good agricultural management practises that will enhance soil quality factors and multi forest species cultivation be encouraged for effective and efficient nutrient management systems in the forest ecosystems for enhancement of bio diversities of both micro and macro organisms. However, due to population pressure on the available land for other non-agricultural purposes coupled with annual bush burning, inadequate rainfall, lack of good agricultural practices and non-availability of natural forest for farming, it has become imperative that agroforestry system of farming in which trees or shrubs are grown in association with crops is advocated.
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Alaba Olaitan Adeji and Adefoyeke Olufunmilayo Aduramigba-Modupe. "Botanical alternatives in management of fungal pathogens of seedling blight of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2021.14.1.0274.
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Introduction: Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an important tree crop and seedling survival is pertinent to successful establishment. Cashew seedling is infected by blight pathogens causing more than 60% seedling lost, however pesticides residues related issues and high cost of chemical necessitate efficacy trials of aqueous extracts of Mangifera indica, Azadirachta indica and Hyphtis suaveolens evaluated in-vitro on associated pathogens. Methods: Flora of blight-infected cashew seedlings was randomly collected from Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) nursery between July and October, 2019. Mycoflora analysis was carried out in the plant pathology (Mycology) laboratory of CRIN. Antifungal assay of powdered Mangifera indica, Azadirachta indica and Hyphtis suaveolens were screened using aqueous extracts at 1:4 (w/v). Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) amended with 1ml of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% of the extracts and Mancozeb (synthetic fungicide) as standard, 5mm mycelia mat disc of 10day old each of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium pallidoroseum and Macrophomina sp. were placed at the centre of the amended media in triplicate and incubated 5-7days using complete randomized design (CRD). Mycelia extension inhibition and percentage growth inhibition (R) obtained. Results: Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Fusarium oxysporium, F. pallidoroseum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae., Pythium sp., Rhizopus sp., Macrophomina sp. and Rhizotonia sp. were isolated. Fusarium pallidoroseum, L. theobromae and Macrophomina sp. screened with the varied concentrations of botanicals showed reduction in mycelia diameter; Mangifera indica (31.50%), A. indica (48.70%) and H. suaveolens (25.86%) on F. pallidoroseum favorably competed with mancozeb (39%) at 25% concentration while only M. indica was significant on L.theobromae(64.12%)and Macrophomina sp.(40.29%) and significantly different from control (0%). Conclusion: Aqueous extracts of M. indica, A. indica and H. suaveolens showed fungicidal potential on F. pallidoroseum and M. indica was significant on L. theobromae and Macrophomina sp.
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Olusegun, Oyedele Ola, Issa Abdulraheem, and Brimah Aminu Nassir. "Workforce Diversity Management Strategies and Organisational Performance in the Food and Beverage Industries in Lagos State, Nigeria." Scholedge International Journal of Management & Development ISSN 2394-3378 5, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19085/journal.sijmd050101.
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<p>Workforce Diversity Management is gradually being used and becoming acceptable as a significant organizational resource in esteems to whether the objective is to be an employer choice, to offer outstanding customer service, or to sustain a competitive advantage. It also has verified to have controlled to an opinion of being essential for organizational performance especially in the Food and Beverage Industry in Nigeria. This ultimate faith forces managers to hold and understand the theory of workforce Diversity, its benefits and challenges. As such, this study examined the effect impact of workforce diversity management towards organizational performance which focuses into the food and beverage industry within the larger manufacturing sector. The research also emphases on workforce diversity management which contains the employee communication(EC) as a mechanism in reducing conflicts and talent availability(TA) which are the utmost critical variables amongst the others. The study employed primary data mainly for revalidation of results and inferential information from secondary sources. Primary data was harnessed from the views of managers and employees of the foods and beverage industries through questionnaire. The study adopted cross sectional research design and considered 3 multinational corporations in the food and beverage sector in Nigeria based on random sampling technique. The sample size constituted the lower, middle and senior level staff of the multinational Corporations at their headquarters and plants to achieve the objectives of this study based on the two hypotheses that were formulated. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were employed. The statistical tools used included cross tabulations, Mean, Regression and Correlation analysis with the aid of SPSS computer packages. The results showed that employee communication (EC) have significant effect on organizational effectiveness (OE) (at P=0.000). It was discovered that talent availability (TA), has significant relationship on employee retention (ER)(at P= 0.002), the study reflected that Workforce diversity represents both a challenge and an opportunity for business and corporate entity. Hence, no organization in this dispensation of Globalization can survive without workforce Diversity. The study recommends that; organization ought to accord due priority for optimum utilization of strength of workforce diversity and institute measures to enhance commitment among the employees for improvement of organizational performance. Organizations should make workforce diversity management a core business value because diverse work teams bring high value to organizations and respecting individual differences will benefit the workforce by creating a competitive edge and increasing work productivity.</p>
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Mujuzi, Jamil Ddamulira. "Private Prosecution in Nigeria under the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015." Journal of African Law 63, no. 2 (June 2019): 225–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855319000184.
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AbstractPrivate prosecutions have been part of the Nigerian legal system for a long time. In 2015, the Administration of Criminal Justice Act (ACJA) came into force. The ACJA provides for, inter alia, circumstances in which a person may institute a private prosecution. In this article, relying on jurisprudence emanating from Nigerian courts before the ACJA came into force, the author suggests ways in which Nigerian courts could approach the right to institute a private prosecution under the act. To achieve this objective, the author discusses: the right to institute a private prosecution; locus standi to institute a private prosecution; and measures to prevent abuse of the right to institute a private prosecution.
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OJEKUNLE, J. A. "NIGERIAN INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY (NITT), ZARIA, NIGERIA." IATSS Research 24, no. 2 (2000): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0386-1112(14)60037-6.
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Akinbile, C. O., G. M. Akinlade, and A. T. Abolude. "Trend analysis in climatic variables and impacts on rice yield in Nigeria." Journal of Water and Climate Change 6, no. 3 (March 25, 2015): 534–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2015.044.
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The effects of changes in meteorological parameters on rice yield variations were considered. Weather parameters, temperature (T), rainfall (R), relative humidity (RH) and solar radiation (SR), and rice yield variation for Ibadan were analyzed. Meteorological parameters were obtained from the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture while rice yield data were obtained from the Africa Rice Centre both in Nigeria for three decades (1980–2010). Trends analysis of past and recent variations using the weather parameters obtained showed trends of variability of each parameter with respect to rice yield. Mann–Kendall trend and Sen's slope tests were performed on the respective meteorological variables while correlation, multiple regression and variability index (VI) were also computed for these parameters. Results showed that T, RH and rice yield were negative and decreased significantly (P < 0.001) while R and SR showed statistically non-significant increasing trends in the last three decades. R and T decreased at the rate of 3% per year and 0.03% per decade, respectively. Results of annual VI showed that decreases observed in RH, SR and rice yield were rather recent. T, SR and R were found to have the most significant effect on rice yield of all the meteorological parameters considered.
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Bello, Abdulrahman. "Analysis of Peasant Farmers in Rabbit Production in Sokoto State, Nigeria." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 3, no. 1 (2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000198.
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The study evaluated the analysis of peasant farmers in rabbit production in Sokoto south local government area in Sokoto state, Nigeria. The procedure involved multi stage sampling t echniques of the sample size and the use of questionnaire was employed. The entire respondents were rabbit farmers. This study examined current trend on small and ultra - small - holder rabbits units in Sokoto south of Sokoto state Nigeria. The methodology com bined questionnaire survey with on - farm monitoring and recording of data in relations to socio - economic characteristics of rabbits keepers, management, constraints and marketing outlets .the result obtained was presented in frequency and percentage table. The study shows that 70% were male while 30% were female. The study also review that 44%, 36%, 12% and 8%represent the ages of rabbits farmers of 25 - 35years, 36 - 45years, 46 - 45years and 56years and above respectively within the study area, it was also revie w that 64%, 20%, and 16% represent the marital status which includes that of single married and widow. the distributions of years of farmers experience in rabbits production is also represented by 20%, 40%, 10%, and 30% of 1 - 6years, 7 - 12years and 19 years and above of experience respectively. It also reveals that the source of breeding stocks by the farmers, i.e. from own stock, other farmers, market and research institutions which was represented by 40%, 20%, 36% and 4% respectively. And with respect to ho using many farmer place their cage outside the house (70%) and also the major disease experience by the farmer is manage (52%) which serves as one of constrains facing the rabbit farmer meanwhile mating of does follows seasonal pattern due to seasonal heat stress. About (52%) farmer noted that does perceptivity and conception rates were markedly low during the dry season. From this study it highly recommended that the farmer should put down the use of personal experience in putting the animal and the extens ion agent should reach out to the rabbit farmers for proper and adequate information and the farmer should make used of stocks from the research institute for stocks replacement/breeding.
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Ebi, C. "Effectiveness of Selected Parapheromones for Mass Trapping of Mango Fruit Fly, Ceratitis cosyra Walker and Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Mango." Nigerian Journal of Entomology 36, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/nje/0202/63.01.41.
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Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an important fruit crop in Nigeria. It is a source of essential vitamins and is also cultivated for its nutritional, medicinal and industrial uses. Fruit flies infest various commercial fruit crops and cause economic damage. Mass trapping and male annihilation technique (MAT) has been the most useful and common means of controlling fruit flies with special focus on Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) on mangoes. The study evaluated the effectiveness of four types of parapheromones namely, methyl eugenol (liquid and solid forms), cuelure, terpinyl acetate and trimedlure for mass trapping of fruit flies on Mango. Modified Lynfield traps containing the parapheromones were randomly set on the mango orchards in three replicates in Nigeria Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) orchard, Okigwe, Imo state, Southeast Nigeria. This study was conducted during the mango fruiting period of 2019 season, when the density of fruit flies peaked. Effect of parapheromones on mean number of damaged dropped fruits was also evaluated. The mean population of B. dorsalis and Ceratitis cosyra was significantly higher (P>0.05) in liquid methyl eugenol traps when compared to other parapheromones. Bactrocera dorsalis recorded more than 90% of the fruit flies that were trapped especially in the first 3 weeks of trapping. In orchard I, Liquid methyl eugenol significantly (P<0.05) trapped highest number of B. dorsalis (270.20) in week I and similar trends were observed in orchard II. There was steady decline in damaged dropped mango fruits as the study progressed (Fig. 1 and 2). Use of liquid methyl eugenol was most effective in trapping B. dorsalis and C. cosyra, and it can be incorporated in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes for the control of fruit flies.
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Oparaeke, A. M. "Toxicity and spraying schedules of a biopesticide prepared from Piper guineense against two cowpea pests." Plant Protection Science 43, No. 3 (January 7, 2008): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2251-pps.
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The toxicity of three concentrations (5%, 10% and 20% w/v) and spraying schedules (2, 4 and 6 weekly applications) of an extract from West African black pepper, <i>Piper guineense</i>, for managing two major post-flowering pests of cowpea, <i>Vigna unguiculata</i>, was investigated in two cropping seasons at the Research Farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. The insect pests were the larvae of <i>Maruca vitrata</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the cowpea coreid bug, <i>Clavigralla tomentosicollis</i> (Hemiptera: Coreidae). The higher concentrations (10% and 20% w/v) and more frequent applications (4 and 6/week) significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) reduced the numbers of the two insect pests compared to the untreated control in both years. Pod damage was significantly reduced and grain yields consequently increased in treated plots compared with the other extract treatments and the untreated control. West African black pepper extract applied at higher concentrations and more frequently could play an important role in integrated management of pests’ infestations on field cowpea managed by limited resource farmers in third world countries.
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Adebusoye, L. A., M. O. Owolabi, and A. Ogunniyi. "Biomarkers, shock index and modified early warning score among older medical hospital inpatients in Nigeria." South African Family Practice 61, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v61i3.4964.
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Background: Biomarkers, shock index and modified early warning score (MEWS) are of public health importance because identification and prompt attention to them have been found to reduce mortality among older patients on admission.Objectives: A study was undertaken to determine the biomarkers, shock index and MEWS that predict mortality on admission among older medical hospital inpatients.Methods: This was a prospective study of 450 patients (≥ 60 years) on the medical wards of University College Hospital, Ibadan. Biomarkers recommended by the National Institute on Aging such as blood pressure, heart rate and pulse rate (cardiovascular functioning); cholesterol and triglycerides (metabolic processes); T-cell counts (immune system status) and weight, body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio (indicators of obesity, chronic metabolic disorders and fat deposits) were assessed. Vital signs were recorded on admission and used to calculate the shock index and MEWS. Multivariate and survival analyses were carried out at p 0.05.Results: Baseline temperature ≥ 39.0°c (p = 0.049), pulse rate ≥ 100 beats/minute (p = 0.034), systolic blood pressure (SBP) 120 mmHg (p = 0.048), shock index ≥1.0 (p = 0.041), age shock index (p = 0.032) and critical illness score (MEWS ≥5) p = 0.019 were significantly associated with mortality. Independent predictors of mortality on Cox regression analysis were temperature ≥ 39.0°C (HR = 3.317 [1.281–8.590]) and SBP 120 mmHg (HR = 1.845 [1.025–3.322]).Conclusion: Prompt identification and management of fever and low blood pressure should improve the survival of older medical hospital inpatients.
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Sambo, Banake E., and Ehiabhi C. Odion. "Clipped Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) Fodder Management: A Potential for Soil Organic Matter Enrichment in Degraded Savannah Soils of Nigeria." Sustainable Agriculture Research 4, no. 4 (August 21, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n4p17.
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Severe nutrient depletion of the soils of the savannah tropics of Africa over the years has made it difficult to improve the productivity of varieties of crops using cultural practices alone. But interestingly, it has been observed that when a cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) crop is cut (clipped) before senescence; it can regenerate after defoliation (provided there is enough soil moisture). And when the clipped organic fodder is added and/or ploughed back into the soil, it enriches the soil organic matter (SOM) content that in turn enhances crop productivity. Thus, this study was carried out with the objective of determining the influence of intra-row spacing, clipping height and time on the productivity of cowpea and SOM; at the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria; during the 2002-2005 wet seasons. The experimental lay out was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), replicated three times. The collected data was analyzed statistically using the analysis of variance test (ANOVA); and the means separation was done using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results showed that the textural class of the experimental site soil was loam silt; with a conducive pH of (6.6 in 2002 and 5.5 in 2005), for crop growth. The soil organic carbon content (SOC), nitrogen (N) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were very low (0.30 g kg-1, 0.88 g kg-1 and 4.90 respectively) in 2002. These increased to 10.37 g kg-1, 2.2 g kg-1 and 11.10 respectively in 2005. Total rainfall in 2002 was 1007.9mm and 871.5mm in 2005. Mean air temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours in 2002 ranged between 21.0-31.5 °C, 16.0-90.6 and 4.5-8.5 respectively; while mean air temperature and relative humidity ranged between 24.7-32.0 °C and 40.5-85.3% respectively in 2005. Total harvested clipped fodder yield was 15t ha-1; and this was added to the soil; and it effectively increased SOM content by about 42%. Consequently, it was concluded that the adoption of this innovative clipping management technology, holds great potential of improving soil pH, increasing soil CEC, SOM and crop productivity generally, for the low technology, resource poor, and subsistence farmers in the region. Without doubt, overcoming SOM decline is a major component in the development of more sustainable agro-systems.
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Salako, Omolola, Kehinde Sharafadeen Okunade, Adeoluwa Akeem Adeniji, Gabriel Fagbenro, and Oluwasegun Afolaranmi. "Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia among breast cancer patients presenting to a tertiary hospital in Nigeria." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e12523-e12523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e12523.
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e12523 Background: Neutropenia and febrile neutropenia are major dose-limiting adverse effects of systemic cancer chemotherapy. It has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and high costs of management, and treatment breaks in cancer patients especially in resource-limited environments leading to poorer outcomes. Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia is an established complication of breast cancer treatment, however, there is paucity of information on the exact magnitude of the condition. This study assessed the prevalence of neutropenia and febrile neutropenia, while identifying their associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 113 female chemotherapy-naïve breast cancer patients over a two-year period. Sociodemographic, clinical and haematological data was obtained via semi-structured interviews and from medical case files. Blood samples for complete blood count parameters were collected after each course of chemotherapy. The National Cancer Institute Common Terminology CTCAE version 4.03 was used to assess febrile neutropenia, neutropenia and its severity. Results: The prevalence of neutropenia and febrile neutropenia among the patients was 31.9% and 5.3% respectively. Throughout all courses of chemotherapy, there were neutropenic episodes 11.4% (57/502) with mild neutropenia 6.6%, moderate 3.4% and severe 1.4%. Prevalence of neutropenia decreased with increasing chemotherapy courses, with prevalence after first course being 14.2% and last course 4.9%. Associated risk factors for developing neutropenia include increasing age ( p = 0.014), ECOG performance score > 1 at presentation (p = 0.033) and presence of bone metastasis (p = 0.002). Conclusions: One in three breast cancer patients developed neutropenia while on chemotherapy. The use of prophylactic G-CSF after each course of chemotherapy should be a routine practice, especially among elderly patients, unstable patients, and those with bone metastasis.
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Akinmoladun, V. I., C. A. Okolo, T. O. Aladelusi, and O. O. Gbolahan. "Audit of head and neck fine needle aspiration cytology from a tertiary institution in south - west Nigeria." African Journal of Oral Health 9, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajoh.v9i1.3.
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Objective: FNAC is a well-established initial investigative tool for head and neck masses due to its being cost effective, quick to perform, low associated morbidity, high patient acceptability and high diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to audit the utilization and deployment of FNAC in the management of head and neck masses in our hospitalMethods: This is a retrospective study of all patients presenting for fine needle aspiration cytology of lesions in the head and neck region at our hospital for fifteen years (from 2008 to 2017). All data were extracted from the FNA clinic records. The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 21 and results presented as figures and percentages.Results: During the study period, 3194 patients were seen, 2789 had complete information for analysis. There were 875 males (31.4%) and 1914 females (68.6%). The ages ranged between 1 year and 103 years. Overall mean age was 39.7 + 17.9 years. The commonest site was the anterior neck, accounting for 1323 (47.4%) of the lesions. Cervical lymph nodal swellings accounted for 548 (19.6%)]. Benign lesions constituted 35%. A total of 160 (5.7%) specimens were reported as inconclusive. Malignant lesions had the highest prevalence in the 1-10year age group. There was no complication reported with any of the procedures.Conclusion: FNAC is an established tool for investigating head and neck lesions in our hospital. The practice however needs to be further developed in line with the recommendations of National Institute for Clinical Excellence for improved outcomes.Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology, head neck masses