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1
Ndinojuo, Ben-Collins Emeka. "Representation of face masks as a preventative measure during the Covid-19 pandemic in nigerian newspapers." Brazilian journalism research 18, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 152–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/bjr.v18n1.2022.1462.
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ABSTRACT – Face mask was identified as an important nonpharmaceutical intervention in halting the spread of Covid-19 across the globe. Health organizations issued advisories accordingly on the use of a face mask in public. To understand how Nigeria newspapers portray face masks in their news reports, a content analysis of four Nigerian newspapers was conducted from February 1, 2020, to September 30, 2020, to understand how face masks are framed in news reportage. News stories with face masks in the title and context of the study were descriptively analyzed. Findings revealed an under-reporting of face masks in Nigerian newspapers. Images were widely used in reporting face masks and pictures showing face masks or people wearing them made up about 50% of the total pictures used. The deductive analysis found 17 frames and five of the frames were prevalent, they include: advisory, punitive, production, donation, and crime frames. The study recommends that Nigerian newspapers include more information about the use of face masks in their reportage especially those that guide how to select, wear and care for face masks if the war against Covid-19 is to be won and enable society to function as it used to before the pandemic outbreak. RESUMO – A máscara facial foi identificada como uma importante intervenção não farmacológica para conter a disseminação da Covid-19 pelo mundo. As organizações de saúde emitiram recomendações adequadas sobre o uso de máscaras faciais em público. Para entender como os jornais da Nigéria retratam a máscara facial em suas reportagens, uma análise de conteúdo de quatro jornais nigerianos foi realizada de 1o de fevereiro de 2020 a 30 de setembro de 2020, buscando compreender de modo específico como a máscara facial é enquadrada nas reportagens. Foram analisadas, através de análise descritiva, as notícias que continham o termo máscara facial em seu título e no corpo da matéria. Os resultados revelaram uma subnotificação sobre as máscaras nos jornais nigerianos. Imagens foram amplamente utilizadas em reportagens sobre máscaras faciais, e fotos mostrando máscaras faciais ou pessoas usando-as representaram cerca de 50% do total das fotos utilizadas. A análise dedutiva encontrou 17 frames e cinco deles eram predominantes. Eles incluem: quadros consultivos, punitivos, de produção, doação e crime. O estudo recomenda que os jornais nigerianos incluam mais informações sobre o uso de máscara facial em suas reportagens, especialmente aquelas que fornecem orientação sobre como selecionar, usar e cuidar das mascaras, de modo a colaborar para que a guerra contra a Covid-19 seja vencida e que a sociedade funcione como costumava ser antes do início da pandemia. RESUMEN – La mascarilla facial se ha identificado como una importante intervención no farmacológica para contener la propagación de Covid-19 en todo el mundo. Las organizaciones sanitarias han emitido recomendaciones adecuadas sobre el uso de mascarillas en público. Para entender cómo los periódicos en Nigeria retratan la máscara facial en sus informes, se llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido de cuatro periódicos nigerianos desde el 1 de febrero de 2020 hasta el 30 de septiembre de 2020, buscando entender específicamente cómo se enmarca la máscara facial en los informes. Las noticias que contenían el término máscara facial en su título y en el cuerpo de la noticia se analizaron mediante un análisis descriptivo. Los resultados revelaron una escasa información sobre las máscaras en los periódicos nigerianos. Las imágenes se utilizaron ampliamente en los informes sobre máscaras faciales, y las fotos que mostraban máscaras faciales o personas que las llevaban representaron alrededor del 50% del total de las fotos utilizadas. En el análisis deductivo se encontraron 17 encuadres y cinco de ellos fueron predominantes, entre ellos: el de asesoramiento, el punitivo, el de producción, el de donación y el de delito. El estudio recomienda que los periódicos nigerianos incluyan más información sobre el uso de las mascarillas en sus reportajes, especialmente los que orientan sobre cómo seleccionarlas, usarlas y cuidarlas, para colaborar a que se gane la guerra contra el Covid-19 y que la sociedad funcione como lo hacía antes del inicio de la pandemia.
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Madubueze, Chinwendu Emilian, Nkiru Maria Akabuike, and Sambo Dachollom. "Role of Mathematical Model in Curbing COVID-19 in Nigeria." Communication in Biomathematical Sciences 3, no. 2 (May 10, 2021): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/cbms.2020.3.2.5.
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COVID-19 is a viral disease that is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) which has no approved vaccine. Based on the available non-pharmacological interventions like wearing of face masks, observing social distancing, and lockdown, this work assesses the impact of non-pharmaceutical control measures (social distancing and use of face-masks) and mass testing on the transmission of COVID-19 in Nigeria. A mathematical model for COVID-19 is formulated with intervention measures (observing social distancing and wearing of face masks) and mass testing. The basic reproduction number, R_0, is computed using next-generation method while the disease-free equilibrium is found to be locally and globally asymptotically stable when R_0< 1. The model is parameterized using Nigeria data on COVID-19 in Nigeria. The basic reproduction number is found to be less than unity (R_0 < 1) either when the compliance with intervention measures is moderate (50% <= alpha< 70%) and the testing rate per day is moderate (0,5 <=alpha_2 < 0,7) or when the compliance with intervention measures is strict (alpha>=70%) and the testing rate per day is poor (alpha_2 = 0,3). This implies that Nigeria will be able to halt the spread of COVID-19 under these two conditions. However, it will be easier to enforce strict compliance with intervention measures in the presence of poor testing rate due to the limited availability of testing facilities and manpower in Nigeria. Hence, this study advocates that Nigerian governments (Federal and States) should aim at achieving a testing rate of at least 0.3 per day while ensuring that all the citizens strictly comply with wearing face masks and observing social distancing in public.
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Falodun, Olanrewaju, Nubwa Medugu, Laila Sabir, Ihsan Jibril, Nnebuogo Oyakhire, and Adeola Adekeye. "An epidemiological study on face masks and acne in a Nigerian population." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 19, 2022): e0268224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268224.
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Background Acne vulgaris is a skin disorder that affects males and females with significant impact on quality of life. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions globally to reduce the spread of the virus particularly since there have been no known cures or definitive treatment for the disease. One key non-pharmaceutical intervention was recommendation on wearing of face masks. There are reports of discomfort associated with wearing face mask including complaints of various skin rashes, acne and headaches which could hinder appropriate use of face masks. While the dermatological problems associated with face mask use have been comprehensively explored in high income countries, the data is sparse in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to determine the association between face mask use and development of acne vulgaris in our developing country setting. We subsequently determined risk factors for development of acne vulgaris such as duration of wearing face masks, type of face mask, and prior dermatological skin condition history. We aimed to also determine the potential of acne development secondary to face mask use to reducing predisposition to wearing face masks. Methods This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in within two local government areas of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Trained interviewers administered pre-tested questionnaires to 1316 consecutive consenting adult participants randomly approached for informed consent at various public locations. Information was inputted into MS Excel and analyzed using Epi-info. Results A total number of 1316 persons participated in this study with mean age 34.4 ±12.3 years and median age 35.5years. Male: female ratio was 1:1.41. New onset acne or worsening of acne following consistent wearing of face masks was reported by 323 (24.5%) of the 1316 participants in this study. The surgical face mask was the least likely to predispose to acne p<0.05. Compared with the surgical mask, persons using N95 face mask and cloth mask were 1.89 and 1.41 times more likely to have acne respectively. Persons with prior history of acne were more likely to develop new acne or experience worsening of acne following wearing of face mask OR 3.89, 95% CI 2.85, 5.33; p <0.05). The length of time of daily mask wearing was not significantly associated with occurrence of new onset acne or worsening of acne. Persons reporting prior histories of allergy were more likely to develop acne in this study (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.50, 2.88; p<0.05). In this study, 192 (59.4%) of those who reported having acne following face masks use responded they have a negative predisposition to wearing masks. Conclusion Our finding of greater predisposition to development or worsening of acne following consistent use of face masks could have implications for the control strategy of COVID-19. The finding that the N95 face mask was more significantly associated with acne is of concern as this is the preferred face mask in healthcare settings. It is important for the medical community to investigate feasible and safe recommendations to help alleviate this condition.
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Edime Yunusa, Julius Olugbenga Owoyemi, and Ogbaje Jenekwu Usman. "Implications of COVID-19 and job loss on peace and security in Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, no. 2 (August 30, 2022): 076–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.2.0775.
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Job insecurity and abrupt massive retrenchment of employees in virtually all sectors of the Nigerian economy in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic have plunged the nation into a breeding ground for youth crisis and overall insecurity of lives and properties. As these menaces threaten the land's peace and security, causing the Nigerian economy's fortunes to dwindle, it calls for concern among peace and conflict management experts to find long-term solutions to these threats. Hence, this paper is aimed at examining the effects of the novel COVID-19 pandemic on job losses as it affects the peace and security of Nigeria. A secondary method of data collection was used, in which reports, journals, and internet-based articles were reviewed and their content analysed. The paper reviewed both the natural origin theory and the conspiracy theory of the coronavirus. Based on the literature reviewed, the paper revealed that the flare of the novel coronavirus in Nigeria has posed a serious threat to overall peace and security in the wake of lockdowns and closure of businesses, which by implication has forced numerous employees of about 42 per cent to lose their jobs in various sectors of the Nigerian economy, and nearly 40 million Nigerians were projected to lose their jobs by the end of the year 2020–2021, arising from the fall in demand for and supply of goods and services due to lockdowns, restriction of movement, and social distancing measures, among others, put in place to curb the spread of COVID-19. The paper also revealed that there was a ban on social and religious gatherings, social distancing, wearing of nose masks, lockdown and imposition of curfews, travel bans, stay at home policy, among others, as measures to stop or reduce the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria. To cushion the effects of the coronavirus on the economy of Nigeria, the government provided both monetary and fiscal palliative measures for the most vulnerable, though the stimulus packages were commendable but ineffective for lack of appropriate parameters for their implementation. Arising from the above, it was recommended that for peace to reign, employees should avoid putting all their eggs in one basket, and for unforeseen contingencies such as this novel pandemic, employees should have an extra source of income by going into side businesses like blogging, rentals, online advertising, and investment in stocks with high returns.
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Agboola, S., P. Niyang, O. Olawepo, W. Ukponu, S. Niyang, I. Ujata, A. Ihueze, et al. "Forecasting the spread and total size of confirmed and discharged cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria using an ARIMA model." Statistical Journal of the IAOS 37, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-200758.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been considered a global threat spreading to Nigeria and posing major public health threats and concerns. This led to the introduction of internationally acceptable non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) such as lockdowns, social distancing, and mandatory use of face masks by the Nigerian government to curtail the disease. This study aims to develop an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to predict COVID-19 cases vis Total Confirmed Cases (TCC) and Total Discharged Cases (TDC) in Nigeria based on the daily data obtained from the Nigeria Centre for Diseases Control (NCDC) from 27th February 2020 to 6th June 2020. The autocorrelation function (ACF), and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) were used to determine the constructed model. An ARIMA model was developed to predict the trend of TCC and TDC for the next 200 days. Forecasting was done using the constructed models. The finding shown that TCC increased to 50,225 with a CI between 29,425 to 100,450 and TDC to 20,186 with CI between 11,106 to 40,366 approximately. The result shows a significant increase in both TCC and TDC from COVID-19 which should guide the government roll out and management of the different NPI and policies to contain the virus.
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Okoro, Johnson, Ambrose Ekeroku, Benedicta Nweze, Tobechukwu Odionye, Joel Nkire, Martins Onuoha, Chinenye Ezeonwuka, and Jude Owoh. "Attitude and preventive practices towards COVID-19 disease and the impact of awareness training on knowledge of the disease among correctional officers." Emerald Open Research 2 (January 21, 2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.13839.2.
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COVID-19 remains a public health emergency of international concern. Efforts at the global and national levels are being made to control its spread. The Nigerian Correctional Service is also proactive in the fight against the disease by organizing COVID-19 awareness training for correctional officers. We conducted a pre- and post-test assessment of COVID-19 knowledge among correctional officers in Enugu State Command to determine the impact of awareness training on their knowledge level. The study also assessed correctional officers’ attitude and preventive practices towards the disease. The mean knowledge score was 19.34 out of 25, and the awareness training significantly improved the participants’ COVID-19 knowledge. We found a significant moderate, positive correlation between knowledge and attitude/practice, and a significantly higher knowledge level among those with higher educational qualifications. Regular hand washing with soap and water (87.9%), wearing face masks (84.4%), and social distancing (83%) were practiced by the majority of the participants. . The majority of the participants (53.2%) received COVID-19 information from multiple sources including the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and the World Health Organization
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Ayadiuno, Romanus, and Chukwuka Ndulue. "THE MISCONCEPTION OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN AFRICA, CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES: AN APPRAISAL OF ANAMBRA STATE SOUTHEAST NIGERIA." International Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences, Environmental Studies & Technology 5, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijarssest.v5.i2.03.
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Covid-19 pandemic in Nigeria is part of the worldwide pandemic of corona virus disease 2019, caused by the novel corona virus. The first confirmed case was announced in the country on 27th February 2020 and subsequently in Anambra state on 9th April 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease, (now officially named COVID-19) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 31st January, 2020 and subsequently rolled out measures to preventing and or contained the spread of the disease. This paper looks at the preventive measures of the World Health Organization (WHO), adopted by the Nigerian Government in the fight against the Virus and the perceptions of residents in three selected city centers of Onitsha, Nnewi and Awka in Anambra state Southeastern Nigeria. The data used in this paper were accumulated from three hundred randomly selected adult (within 25 and 65years old) literate residents in sampled city centers using structured questionnaire, supplemented by oral interviews and other literatures. The data collected was subjected to Principal Component Analysis to discover the principles underlying variables and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis to identify the effects of the misconceptions. Recommendations therefore suggests rescinding the lockdown policy; production and free distribution of face masks, soaps, hand sanitizers, and immune booster supplements; provision of water supply; intensified sensitization and massive testing for Covid-19.
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Moradi, Bahman. "Black-skinned Intellectuals Wearing White Masks: A Neocolonial Study of Identity Crisis in Wole Soyinka's The Interpreters." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 5, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.6.2.
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Wole Soyinka, the first African writer Nobel Prize winner in literature in 1986, is famous universally, mostly for his plays. But one of his novels, The Interpreters (1965), has been acclaimed as well as criticized by many critics for some stylistic and ideological problems. The interpreters of Soyinka's novel are five intellectuals who have come back from abroad, mainly England, to their country, post-independence Nigeria. The critical perspectives of these interpreters towards predominant corruption and other social problems in most parts and institutions of Nigeria are clearly noticeable. The identity crisis, which is rampant throughout this novel, can be recognized as cultural and, in some cases, biological hybridity. Two social psychological identity problems, that is, identity and hybridity crisis, as well as 'neocolonialism' term, are the main concerns of this thesis. Neocolonialism, as a less debated term in comparison to two other dominant terms, postmodernism and postcolonialism, has been analyzed coherently. Having delineated the neocolonialism term and its connections with literature, this thesis has gone through the characters of this novel and has argued the manifestation of hybridity and identity in all aspects of their lives. Post-independence Nigerian as the context of this work reveals clearly these identity and hybridity crises through its characters. Destructive outcomes of identity and hybridity crisis, which left Nigeria a paralyzed country, and warning to avoid further crises is among Soyinka's concerns, as well as the main points which this thesis is searching to highlight. Not to be mesmerized by western culture and amalgamate it ineptly with one's own, as well as the highly valuable political intervention of literature to reflect psychological problems of supressed societies would be regarded as a significant finding of such research.
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RK, Obi, Chikwendu CI, and Ijeh NC. "Evaluation of the Lockdowns for SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in South Eastern Nigeria." American Journal of Epidemiology & Public Health 4, no. 4 (September 2020): 007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/ajeph.id38.
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The novel SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, a pandemic of great public health concern. COVID-19 was fi rst reported in Wuhan, China in December, 2019 and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The fi rst case of COVID-19 in Nigeria was confi rmed on the 27th of February, 2020 and has since spread to 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, bringing total confi rmed cases in Nigeria to 25,694, 9,746 recoveries and 590 deaths as at 30th June, 2020. This was therefore designed to examine the impact of the lockdowns and border closures of states on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the fi ve states of South Eastern, Nigeria. COVID-19 data of the fi ve South Eastern States of Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu and Imo between April 1st and 30th June were retrieved from the Nigerian Center for Disease Control (NCDC) microsites and analyzed using GraphPad software, Version 5.01. Results showed that the South Eastern states recorded a total of 1,415 COVID-19 cases between April when all the fi ve states had their fi rst cases and June, 30th with Ebonyi with a total of 438(31.0%) producing the highest confi rmed cases. The highest rate of infection was observed in the month of June with Ebonyi recording the highest (28.1%), followed by Abia and Imo with 21.2% and 20.9% respectively. The use of face masks, social distancing, community lockdown and other containment measures are necessary to prevent further upsurge in the rate COVID-19 infection in the South East, and indeed the whole Nigeria.
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Okoro, Johnson, Ambrose Ekeroku, Benedicta Nweze, Tobechukwu Odionye, Joel Nkire, Martins Onuoha, Chinenye Ezeonwuka, and Jude Owoh. "Attitude and preventive practices towards COVID-19 disease and the impact of awareness training on knowledge of the disease among correctional officers." Emerald Open Research 2 (August 6, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.13839.1.
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COVID-19 disease remains a public health emergency of international concern. Efforts at the global and national levels are being made to control its spread. The Nigerian Correctional Service is also proactive in the fight against the disease by organizing COVID-19 awareness training for correctional officers. We conducted a pre- and post-test assessment of COVID-19 knowledge among correctional officers in Enugu State Command to determine the impact of awareness training on their knowledge level. The study also assessed correctional officers’ attitude and preventive practices towards the disease. The mean knowledge score was 19.34 out of 25, and the awareness training significantly improved the participants’ COVID-19 knowledge. We found a significant moderate, positive correlation between knowledge and attitude/practice, and a significantly higher knowledge level among those with higher educational qualifications. The majority of the respondents (87.9%) believed that there were confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria, whereas 85.1%, 78.7%, and 75.9% believed that there were cases in other parts of the world, the world will win the battle against COVID-19, and that there will be successful control of the disease, respectively. Regular hand washing with soap and water was practiced by 87.9% of the participants, whereas 84.4%, 83%, and 58.9%, wore face masks in public places, practiced social distancing, and avoided crowded places, respectively. Obtaining information from multiple sources was the commonest (53.2%), and this was followed by the Nigeria Center for Disease Control (26.2%).
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Bamidele, Emmanuel, Victor Okebalama, John Sodeinde, John Ogunkoya, Abiodun Osinaike, Solanke Olarewaju, Ivy Mbon, Peace Eleonu, Kelechi Ndinne, and Adesola Taiwo. "Nigerian undergraduate students’ perception towards COVID-19 prevention: Implications for policy." Babcock University Medical Journal 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.38029/babcockunivmedj.v5i2.158.
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Objective: Universities provide a supportive and safe learning environment for students. To limit the transmission of COVID-19, the WHO has recommended several preventive measures including frequent washing of hands, hand sanitizer usage, the wearing of masks, social distancing, covering of mouth while sneezing, etc. Students need to comply with these personal hygiene practices to limit the transmission of COVID-19. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to assess the knowledge and practice of COVID-19 prevention among undergraduate students of Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo Ogun State, Nigeria. 430 respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows Version 21. A p-value of < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: 98.8%, 96.4%, and 84.1% of the respondents knew about COVID-19, know that it is a contagious disease, and know that a virus causes COVID-19 respectively. 60.4% and 56.7% heard about COVID-19 from the news and social media and had good knowledge of COVID-19 respectively. 38.2%, 36.7%, and 63.3% of the respondents have an average level of practice of COVID-19 prevention, had been vaccinated majorly with AstraZeneca brand of vaccine (20.6%), and are yet to be vaccinated respectively. There is no association between the knowledge of the prevention of COVID-19 and practice among undergraduate students of Babcock University (0.258, χ2=5.300). Conclusion: The majority of the students had good and average knowledge of COVID-19 and its prevention respectively. There was no significant association between knowledge and practice of COVID-19 prevention.
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Odeyemi, Olubunmi, James Eyitayo, Oloruntoba Ogunfolaji, Shekinah Williams, Michael Akande, and Onaopemipo Akinola. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Towards Preventive Strategies Against COVID-19 Pandemic Among Nigerian Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey." International Journal of Medical Students 9, no. 4 (January 6, 2022): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2021.965.
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Background: Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, efforts have been aimed at promoting preventive measures towards curtailing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The effectiveness of measures put in place by the government are mostly determined by the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of the citizenry. We sought to determine the KAP of young Nigerian adults towards preventive strategies against COVID-19. Methods: An online survey was prepared using an 18-question questionnaire to assess the KAP of each participant that satisfied predefined criteria. Data obtained were screened for error and analyzed with SPSS version 23. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 925 valid responses were received with a 96.25% response rate. Females made up 52.4% of the respondents, 62.4% were aged between 21-24, and 88.4% were from South-western Nigeria. The mean knowledge score was 9.02 (SD 1.18) with a maximum possible knowledge score of 13. Most of the participants (91.7%) agreed that COVID-19 will eventually be successfully controlled. Only 31.1% however had been wearing masks when leaving home. The confidence of winning the battle against COVID-19 differed significantly across the ethnic groups (p<0.01). Ages between 15 and 24 were more likely to visit crowded places (p<0.01). Conclusion: This study revealed a good knowledge level and an optimistic attitude towards the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, much more work is needed by government and health officials to translate these to better practices towards prevention and control as the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic continues.
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Kanu, Maxwell Obia, Terkaa Victor Targema, and Gideon Maumee Abednego. "Preliminary Results of Air Pollution Status in Selected Roadsides in Jalingo, Taraba State Nigeria." Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability 5, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2021.5.3.118-123.
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The rapid increase in vehicular activities in the past two centuries contributes vastly to air pollution levels. In as much as Social interactions and economic growth are well enhanced by vehicular transportation in many developing countries, it is unfortunate that exhausts from vehicles contribute immensely to ambient air quality especially in the urban areas. The concentrations of carbon monoxides (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in selected roadsides in Jalingo have been assessed. Four roads were used as sample locations where the concentration of CO2 and CO were measured using an air quality meter for four weeks. The mean concentration of CO2 and CO obtained were respectively as follows: 542.25 ppm and 7.49 ppm for the roadblock, 540.05 ppm and 5.55 ppm for Hammaruwa way, 598.81 ppm and 17.42 ppm for market road, and 463.80 ppm and 1.08 ppm for Nigerian Labour Congress (NLC) road (control). Based on the acceptable limit of CO2 (600 ppm), the Roadblock road, Hammaruwa way, and the NLC/control road are safe. Only the market road had value that exceeded the acceptable limit, and it may be attributed to high vehicular activities on the roadsides. Therefore, more alternative roads should be constructed in other to minimize traffic congestion and also, the use of nose masks should be encouraged. For the CO, all the sites are safe because they fall within the acceptable level of CO (1-70 ppm).
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Ogede, Ode S. "Of Minstrels and Masks: The Legacy of Ezenwa-Ohaeto in Nigerian Writing, ed. Christine Matzke, Aderemi Raji-Oyelade, and Geoffrey V. Davis." Research in African Literatures 39, no. 2 (June 2008): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.2008.39.2.161.
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Akande, Abiodun, and John Adenle. "Sine qua non larva, turmoil and disdain: Responsiveness to ‘Covid-19 face-mask’ at Ogunpa, Ibadan, Nigeria." Simulacra 3, no. 2 (November 2, 2020): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/sml.v3i2.8465.
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This research is a criticism addressing the formal and ergonomic analysis of Covid-19 face-masks at Giwa Adini, Ogunpa market, Ibadan, Nigeria. However, the research doubles as an ‘interrogative’ tool to elicit narratives on the responsiveness of illiterate and semi-literate traders at Giwa Adini on the advent of the coronavirus. Employing the survey technique, 100 randomly selected respondents were interviewed. The result obtained identifies five fabric mask types in the study area, the cup-shaped fabric mask being the most popular because of its adaptability to extant aso ebi culture. Other extemporized masks, reminiscent of traditional egungun masks, were also observed. With regards to the response to Covid-19, 21 respondents consider the coronavirus as falsehood, 23 claim it is God’s affliction, 43 agree to its reality, but query its low epidemiology and only 13 appear informed. The research showcases a variety of perceptions of Nigerians towards Covid-19,confirming the gross ignorance about the disease and their nonchalant attitude towards it.
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Eyitayo, Lawal, Abe Emmanuel, Makanjuola Timilehin, Adugbe Augustine, Ogunsanmi Ayomide, Goru Jennifer, Omigbile Olamide, and Oladepo Oladimeji. "Factors Influencing the Compliance to Facemask Usage among University College Hospital (UCH) Commuters." East African Scholars Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 7 (July 27, 2022): 216–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easms.2022.v05i07.005.
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Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has globally impacted how people interact, communicate and work. Facemask use has been advocated by the World health organization (WHO) and several global bodies with growing studies linking its accurate use to decreasing COVID-19 variant cases and associated deaths. For it to be effective in preventing further transmission of Covid-19 and its variants, they have to be worn properly and correctly. Health experts globally and the Nigerian Center for Disease Control (NCDC) have also issued guidelines on the use of facemask within the hospital environment in combination with regular hand hygiene and physical and social distancing to curtail the spread of the virus. Unfortunately information is scanty on the extent to which commuters visiting hospitals comply with this regulatory preventive behaviour. This study therefore assessed the level of compliance with the use of face masks and influencing factors among University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan commuters. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design and observatory survey was used. The sample population was calculated using the Cochran formula and a standard normal value of 1.96 at 95% confidence interval and 5% marginal error with a prevalence of 50%. A simple random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the target population of 260 commuters within UCH premises. Data collection was carried out within 3days from the hours of 8 am -10 am and 12 pm–2 pm. The information obtained from respondents includes the socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of Covid-19, adherence to the use of facemask, factors promoting and hindering use among users and non-users, satisfaction towards the use of facemask, and the willingness to use facemask in the future. Data was coded and entered into the IBM statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 22nd edition) to analyze and interpret the data collected. Tables, inferences and charts were used for data representation. ...........
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AMUSA, JAMIU OLUWADAMILARE. "Appraisal of the physics education programme in the National Open University of Nigeria." ANNUAL JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA, BULGARIA 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29114/ajtuv.vol4.iss1.158.
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The general apathy towards the study of physics education among the prospective science teachers can once again be raised as the National Open University of Nigeria marks its 15th years of providing functional, cost effective and life-long education to a very large number of Nigerians yearning for university education. Physics Education is arguably one of the few courses that gain the lowest patronage among science students across Nigerian universities. Hence, the discouraging phenomenon of low enrollment is not peculiar to NOUN. The case also becomes more disturbing when the study of physics education in an open and distance-learning environment becomes much more abstract than where you actually see the lecturer each time there is a class as it operates in the conventional university system. The challenge of sustaining physics education in the open and distance environment needs to be addressed towards improving enrollment of students into the programme. The paper has adopted a theoretical approach which examined the sequence of events as regard physics education in the past fifteen years of the existence of the National Open University of Nigeria. The challenges and prospects of this programme, which is at the centre of the nation’s scientific and technological independence were critically x-rayed in the light of current realities. Within the proposed set of recommendations, it was further suggested that the NOUN advocacy team, in collaboration with the Department of Science Education should take sensitization and awareness campaign to secondary school science students particularly on the prospects of enrolling into physics education programme.
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Ojo, Olumuyiwa K., Olusola Ayandele, and Sunday A. Egbeleye. "Euphemisms of Corruption among Students of Higher Institutions in South West Nigeria." Journal of Language and Education 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/jle.2020.10436.
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Corruption is a pervasive practice in Nigeria that is commonly associated with government officials who divert public funds for private use, while minimal attention is paid to acts of corruption in the educational sector. This study, which is part of research on how language is used to drive and conceal corruption in Nigeria, aims at revealing some corrupt practices in Nigerian higher institutions that are concealed because of the euphemistic language used by students to describe and help perpetuate corrupt practices in their relationships with academic and non-academic staff of different institutions. Four institutions of higher education in south-west Nigeria were purposively selected and focus group discussions were conducted with 54 conveniently selected students of these institutions to collect qualitative data on the explanation of linguistic codes derived from the first phase of this study. The findings revealed extensive usage of ‘runs’ as a superordinate code for diverse acts of corruption including: sex for marks, cash for marks, sex/cash for grade alterations, examination malpractice, and the use of fake documents. Parents and guardians need to listen closely to the language of students in higher education for early detection of assimilation and acceptance of corrupt practices as a way of life.
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Godswill, Ogbonna Chukwuemeka, Okoye Veronica Ugonma, and Eleazu Eberechi Ijeoma. "Telecommunication Masts/Base Transceiver Stations and Regulatory Standards in Abia State, Nigeria." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 6 (November 30, 2016): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n6p46.
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<p>Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) was introduced in Nigeria in May, 2001. Since then, GSM subscriber base has grown astronomically leading to the indiscriminate installation of Masts and Base Transceiver Stations across the country. The Nigerian communications commission (NCC) and the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) established environmental standards in 2009 and 2011 respectively to regulate the installation of BTSs and Masts. This study examined the compliance of GSM service providers with the established guidelines for the mounting of BTSs and Masts in Abia State, Nigeria. The study adopted geometric survey technique, and relied mainly on primary data which were collected through direct observation and measurements. Cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to proportionately select BTSs/Masts that were surveyed. Data collected were analyzed with appropriate parametric tests using SPSS for Windows, Version 17. Specifically, the <em>t </em>test for paired samples, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to test the hypotheses of the study. The results show that there is significant difference between the mean value of the number of BTSs/Masts surveyed and the mean value of the number that complied with regulatory standards. The study further revealed that there were no significant differences between the telecommunication networks in their application of the environmental standards. The researchers therefore recommend that both NCC and NESREA be made to devolve their supervisory and monitory responsibilities to Town Planning Authorities at the local government level to ensure effective enforcement of the regulatory standards. </p>
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Olowononi, Emmanuel Oluwafemi. "Patent Rights in the Sports Industry." European Journal of Law and Political Science 1, no. 4 (October 13, 2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejpolitics.2022.1.4.30.
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A trademark is a distinctive sign that identifies certain goods or services produced or provided by an individual or a company and distinguishes same from others. Trade mark is a symbol or sign which differentiates the goods and services of one business from another one although they may operate in horizontal business within or without the same community. Trademark is an indicative medium relied upon by consumers to create an imaginary link between a product on which such mark is used and its seller. Its major hallmark is its ability to differentiate the goods of one seller from those of others in the same line of business from one. Trademark in Nigeria is governed by the Trade Marks Act, Cap T 13, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004 (hereinafter referred to as Trademark Act) and the Trademark Regulations 1990. In contributing to existing literature, the paper examines the economic aspect of mark registration in the sports industry. It examines registrable marks and identifies the possibility of registration under existing treatises globally. The paper concludes with salient recommendations toward harnessing the economic aspect of trade mark registration in the Nigerian sports industry.
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Nwabueze, Caroline Joëlle. "Challenges of Transnational Trademark Law Practice: The Case of Nigerian Companies’ Brands in OAPI States." Revue générale de droit 45, no. 1 (July 8, 2015): 321–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1032041ar.
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Nigeria industrial growth has turned the country into an indispensable economic support for its neighbours. Only for the case of Cameroon, Nigeria has been the leading supplier with respectively 22% and 17.8% of imports in 2011 and 2012 with trade amounting to 328 billion FCFA per annum. This results in part from Nigerian companies’ exportations in local markets. Nigerian trademarks related to cosmetics, furniture, electronics, and pharmaceutical goods abound in neighbouring countries. However, a strengthening of Nigerian companies in regional markets encompasses strategies to avoid infringing on the trademark rights. Such strategies should include the consideration of special trademarks features by different institutions of the intellectual property (IP) system in the relevant neighbour export markets. This is by the mere fact that the legal status of those goods, although physical property, relies mainly on the material law applicable, which is trademark in the present case. Because the principle of territoriality requires that trademark protection be sought in the place where the goods are sold—and trademark applications filed in each country in which protection is sought—, Nigerian companies planning to outsource some business activity in neighbour markets will seek compliance with trademarks norms applicable in the Organisation africaine de la propriété intellectuelle (OAPI) of which those countries—Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Guinea—are part. The trade partnership between companies from a common law trademark background on one hand, and civil law intellectual property community on the other, inevitably raises some frictions and trademarks issues. This article analyses the trademark challenges arising from Nigerian companies’ business decision to enter OAPI markets and export goods and services. The article firstly underlines the issues to be taken into consideration, including registration and enforcement of the companies’ marks in OAPI. Then the paper simultaneously reviews the dissimilarities issues between the Nigerian Trademark Act and the OAPI Trademark System to which the Nigerian companies are confronted. If trademark protection makes it easier for an enterprise to access transnational markets, the establishment of a Trademark Community with neighbouring countries helps for sure national industries to establish partnerships with other firms for sustainable development in the areas such as production, marketing, distribution or delivery of goods and services. In light of the trademark harmonisation in the European Union internal market, the present paper concludes by recommending the creation of a Trademark Community in the West and Central African region between Nigeria and its neighbouring countries.
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Onyeisi Morka, Emmanuel. "The government, mass media, myths and misconceptions of sickle cell disease : impact on the sustainable- development goal of healthy lives in Nigeria." Journal of African Films & Diaspora Studies 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2516-2713/2020/3n2a6.
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This study reviewed the expected role of the mass media in setting an agenda of public benefit with a view to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal of ensuring healthy lives and the promotion of well-being for all at all ages. Nigeria bears a high burden of sickle cell disease in the world. Five percent (5%) of the global population is carriers of the sickle cell trait and one out of every four Nigerian bears the sickle cell gene. Fifty to ninety percent (50% to 90%) of those born with the disease die before the age of five. Ethno-religious beliefs and ignorance are the two factors that are responsible for the misconceptions of the disease among Nigerians. There is the near-absence of the effort of the mass media in setting agenda for public discourse on the disease. There is the need to promote health education and awareness campaign that will bring about a modification in the attitudes that posses as risk factors. The press and media houses should be given freedom of expression.
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Nwamara, Chinedu A., and Emeka Williams Etumnu. "Ending Electoral Fraud in Nigeria: can the Agenda Setting Role of the Mass Media salvage the situation?" Skhid 3, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2022.3(3).266428.
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In Nigeria, electoral fraud has arguably become prevalent. As a result of it, most electorate seems to have lost faith in the electoral process. In all this, the media have a great role to play in correcting this anomaly that has been denting the Nigerian democratic image through their agenda setting function. This study was underpinned on agenda setting theory. The survey research method was adopted. The population comprises 180 registered and practicing journalists in Imo State. The census principle was used in the study. The approach of purposive sampling was adopted. The data gathering instrument was a questionnaire and analysis was done using descriptive statistics and mean analysis. Finding revealed that the media through their agenda setting function can salvage the issue of electoral fraud in Nigeria. It was recommended that having known the mass media have great tendency to influence change, creators of mass media contents in the Nigerian media industry should not relent in their efforts in packaging mass media content that can help in raising the consciousness of the people towards the danger of electoral fraud with the intention of ending it.
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Katz, Sara. "Embracing and denouncing the ‘Mecca uniform’ in Nigerian mass media, 1950s–1970s." Africa 92, no. 5 (November 2022): 718–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972022000638.
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AbstractNigerian Muslims have undertaken the hajj for centuries. As Nigeria approached independence in the 1950s, Muslims began to discuss and debate this practice on a national scale, through Islamic associations and political committees and in the Nigerian press. At the same time, Muslim politicians began to publicly don the ‘Mecca uniform’, the white robe (thawb) and black cord (‘iqāl) common to Saudi Arabia. While Nigerian pilgrims had worn these garments for decades, their conspicuous adoption by the political elite was novel. This sartorial link between politicians and the East was amplified by photographs and commentary circulating nationally in the press, and generated a mix of admiration and concern. Christians (and some Muslims) questioned whether a secular state ought to oversee the hajj. Within roughly a decade, politicians ceased their official use of the Mecca uniform as the press became saturated with exaggerated stories of ‘corrupt’ pilgrims engaged in smuggling and other crimes. The proliferation of other mass media, such as radio and novels, contributed to this critique. This was not the end of the Mecca uniform’s public life, however, as others – such as Yoruba women in the south-west – continued to employ it in self-fashioned public images, including obituary notices. The transformation of the Mecca uniform into an object of national discourse engaging a range of Muslims and also Christians speaks to the complex dynamics shaping Islam in modern Nigeria.
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Chiluwa, Innocent. "Assessing the Nigerianness of SMS text-messages in English." English Today 24, no. 1 (February 22, 2008): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078408000102.
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ABSTRACTTo what extent does the distinctiveness of Nigerian English come through in text messages? In the history of the English language certain developments have left significant linguistic marks on the language. As new developments and cultural forms occur, new words and styles of expression evolve with them and spread. This is true of the new linguistic style that is associated with the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) revolution in Nigeria since 2001. GSM has brought with it a variety of English that is situationally distinctive and context. GSM came to Nigeria with the licensing of MTN and Econet (now Celtel) in 2001 during the Obasanjo administration, after many years of decaying telecommunication infrastructure. Within a short time after the introduction of mobile telecommunication, almost a million subscribers mainly in the cities made a rush at possessing mobile phones and were willing to pay any tariff. N50 (50 naira) were paid per minute per call as against N15 per text message. This was said to be the highest rate in Africa, causing many subscribers to opt for text-messaging as a cheaper alternative.
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Nwogu, Mary Imelda Obianuju. "Registrable and Non-Registrable Trademarks under the Nigerian Law." European Journal of Law and Political Science 1, no. 5 (November 16, 2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejpolitics.2022.1.5.38.
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A trademark is a mark used in relation to goods for trade in Nigeria. It could be a device, brand, heading, label, name, signature, word, letter, or a combination thereof (Trade Marks Act, Cap. T13 s. 67(1), Laws of the Federation of Nigeria (LFN), 2004). For a mark to be beneficial to the owner under the Law and have proprietary interest, it must be registered. It could be registered in part A or Part B of the trademarks register (Trade Marks Act, Ss. 9(1) and 10(1)). Not all marks can be registered under the Law, hence there are registrable and non-registrable marks under the Trade Marks Act. The owner of a Registered trademark has the exclusive right to the use of that trademark in respect of the goods in which it is registered (Procter and Gamble Co. v. Global Soap and Co. Ltd.& Anor, (2013)). It is my recommendation that all marks used in trade should be registered so that the owner will reap from the fruit of his labor by having a monopoly right and action in infringement.
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Adeyeri, James Olusegun. "Ethnic Propaganda, Hate Speech, and Mass Violence in Igbo-Hausa/Fulani Relations in Postcolonial Nigeria." Thinker 89, no. 4 (November 6, 2021): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/thethinker.v89i4.692.
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Opinions are divided on the conduct and nature of the 1967–70 Nigerian civil war, occasioned partly by the Igbo secession and declaration of the Republic of Biafra. Some believe that the Nigerian government adopted a genocidal war strategy characterised by mass violence against civilians, aggressive blockade of the eastern region, artificial famine, and hateful/threatening utterances by many military commanders, accompanied by about one million civilian casualties. On the other hand, some are of the view that the actions of some Nigerian military officers and men were not in consonant with the position of the Nigerian government during the war, but were influenced by their animosity towards the Igbo. In post-civil war Nigeria, Igbo-Hausa/Fulani relations and political discourses are increasingly tense and indicative of a fearful resurgence of mass violence due to prevalent lies, propaganda, and misrepresentations –verbally, on paper, and online/on social media – particularly among the youths on both sides. This paper argues that the historical crisis-ridden relations between the Igbo and the Hausa/Fulani, the attendant 1966 mass killings of Igbos in the north, the nature of the war strategies of the federal government during the civil war, and the currently mounting tension are all direct results of contending ethnic propaganda including hate speech, lies, and name-calling in a bid to gain political and strategic advantages over other ethnic groups. Thus, this paper is a historical inquiry into the role of propaganda and hate speech in socio-political interactions, discourses, and incitements of mass violence among the heterogeneous Nigerian population, particularly the Igbo and the Hausa/Fulani. The paper proposes legislative, constitutional, and active citizenship advocacies to address the menace. The article utilises primary and secondary sources to analyse and interpret the subject-matter of the paper.
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Abdullah, Bawa Chafe, and Wan Nor Azriyati Wan Abd Aziz. "State Mass Housing Scheme for the Low-Income Group in Abuja." Open House International 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2013-b0010.
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In 2000, Federal Ministry of the Federal Capital Territory (MFCT), Abuja launched a mass housing scheme (MHS) under the platform of a public-private partnership (PPP). This paper reports an evaluation of this reform in order to understand the scheme's impact on the cohort of low-income group (LIG) in Abuja, Nigeria. The study explores the multiple data sources available, including literature and policy material and empirical evidence collected through structured and semi-structured questionnaires. The findings of the study suggest that the scheme did not significantly improve the housing status of LIG. The research suggests that the cohorts' history of exclusion in housing delivery in the Abuja deepened further due to partly an inadequate mortgage infrastructure to support their participation. Moreover, with poor scheme implementation, it is clear that the scheme strengthened the polarised position of the Abuja with respect to housing which runs counter to the stated policy objective to provide all Nigerians with decent and affordable housing. The paper concludes by showing the wider implication of the contemporary approach of the housing strategy in Abuja and Nigeria in general.
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Odewole, Philip Olawale, and Rafiu Oyesola Salawub. "The Anatomy of Sick Banks in Nigeria: Evidences from Multidiscriminate Analysis Models on Selected Nigerian Commercial Banks." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 6, no. 2 (September 19, 2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v6i2.10037.
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This study investigates the banks’ signs and symptoms of sickness and susceptibility to corporate failure using multidiscriminate modeling approach with panel data of 14 commercial banks in Nigeria over the periods 2005 – 2012. The study also employed corporate failure prediction models to generate the parameters used to predict the banks’ susceptibility to corporate failure and determination of weakness and sickness. The results of the business failure models revealed that five (5) out of the fourteen (14) banks were strong with their z-score values ranging from 2.99 to 3.05 which were the minimum bench marks for strong, sound and healthy banks while five (5) out of the fourteen samples banks were on the border line of average performance with their z-score figures reported at 1.88 to 2.04 and four (4) of the banks are already sick and weak and susceptible to failure with z-scores of 1.55 to 1.72 which fall below the cut-offs for average performance as prescribed by Altman. The study suggests that government should examine with all seriousness the genuineness of the claim of N25 billion minimum capital base for the Nigerian banks as a follow up to what banks claimed they had in year 2005.
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Suka, Adamgbo,, Kenn-Ndubuisi, Juliet Ifechi*, and Toby, J. Adolphus. "Rising External Debt Burden, Increase Financial Stability Risk; the Need for Fiscal Adjustment in Nigeria." Noble International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 62 (March 22, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51550/nijefr.62.33.43.
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The study examines the rising external debt burden, increased financial stability risk; the need for fiscal adjustment. Given that economic sustainability is the prime desire of every economy and considering the continuous accumulation of external borrowings. Our main focus is to investigate the fiscal vulnerability and debt sustainability position of the Nigerian economy. To find out whether the country’s present fiscal position is sustainable? Has the substantial external borrowings in the last two decades of uninterrupted democratic rule significantly supported the growth path of the Nigeria economy? If not, there is need for fiscal adjustment. Our period of investigation spans from 1999 to 2019. Data estimated using the time series based from CBN, Federal Ministry of Finance, IMF/World Bank publications. In analyzing the country’s debt burden/vulnerability, we applied the IMF debt burden indicators under the debt sustainability framework (DSF) for low income countries. Using the descriptive statistic, the study also employed the regression analysis technique to exploits the cause and effect relationship between the nation’s present debt stock, debt servicing obligation and the nominal as well the real economic growth rate. Our findings revealed the following; (i) using the percentile analysis and comparing it with the major debt sustainability bench marks under the IMF/Work Bank specifications, the country’s debt sustainability position was very negligible. The Nigerian situation shows debt sustainability position that fell below the bench marks (ii) the results of our finding also indicates a negative statistically significant relationship that exists between debt stock, servicing payment and both the nominal and real GDP. Based on our results, we concluded that the present fiscal vulnerability position of the country if not checked or curtailed through fiscal adjustment would amount to increasing the financial stability risk capable of causing deterioration in the functioning of the economy. We therefore, suggest amongst other measures that all should be aimed at improving and or enhancing monetary restrains, debt contraction restrains as well evolving and improving existing rules toward achieving fiscal responsibility and discipline.
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Tela, Murna, Will Cresswell, and Hazel Chapman. "Pest-removal services provided by birds on subsistence farms in south-eastern Nigeria." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): e0255638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255638.
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To what extent birds provide the ecosystem service of pest control in subsistence farms, and how this service might depend on retained natural habitats near farmlands is unexplored in West Africa. To fill this knowledge gap, we placed plasticine mimics of insect pests on experimentally grown crops on the Mambilla Plateau, South Eastern Nigeria. We recorded bird attacks on the mimics and the proportion of mimics removed by birds. We also determined the influence of distance of crops from forest fragments on both attack and removal rates. We placed 90 potted plants of groundnut (Arachis hypogea) and bambara nut (Vigna subterranea) along 15 transects running 4.5 km from forest edge into open grassland. Each plant had six of the 540 mimics in total placed on their leaves. We inspected the potted plants weekly for 12 weeks to record (i) the presence of bird beak marks on mimics, and (ii) the number of missing mimics. Once a week we collected all the mimics from the plants and counted the number of assumed beak marks. After counting we replaced the mimics on the plants, mark free. We found a strong positive correlation between the abundance of insectivorous birds and the mean number of missing mimics and/or bird attack marks on mimics. However, this positive effect of insectivorous bird abundance on prey mimic attack/removal became less strong the farther they were from a forest fragment. We found increased predation rates and abundance of insectivorous birds closer to forest fragments. Our data suggest that pest predation may be a key ecosystem service provided by insectivorous birds on Nigerian farmlands. Farmlands that are closer to forest fragments may experience a higher rate of pest control by insectivorous birds than those further away, suggesting that retaining forest fragments in the landscape may enhance pest control services in sub-Saharan subsistence farms.
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Kasfir, Sidney L. "Two Nigerian Mask Attributions." African Arts 37, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/afar.2004.37.1.8a.
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Obadare, Ebenezer. "A Hashtag Revolution in Nigeria." Current History 120, no. 826 (May 1, 2021): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2021.120.826.183.
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Exploding in October 2020 and reverberating internationally, protests against police brutality under the hashtag #EndSARS exposed enduring patterns and emergent trends in Nigerian politics and society. This article examines various elements of the protests to advance hypotheses about the culture of social media, the weakening of old forms of solidarity, and the rise of a new generation of activists steeped in new rules and technologies of civic engagement. #EndSARS marks the possible ascent of an inorganic civil society with profound implications for Nigerian democracy.
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Otu, Oyeh O. "Political Topicality and Literary Aesthetics in Wale Okediran’s Novels." Matatu 49, no. 1 (2017): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-04901008.
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The prolificity, contemporaneity, and topicality of Wale Okediran’s themes are irrefutable indices to his claim to a place in the Nigerian literary canon. His engagement with and exposé of Nigeria’s intractable neurotic leadership disorders are timely and highly commendable. Also worthy of note are the promotion and popularity that the Association of Nigerian Authors (ANA) has given his latest novel, Tenants of the House, as it fills a significant gap and promises a positive turn in the development of Nigerian literature. This essay examines Okediran’s topical themes in relation to his craftsmanship; it investigates his deployment of aesthetic devices in the realization of his artistic vision. It fundamentally asks: what constitutes literariness in Okediran’s novels? Where does this belong in the Nigerian tradition of the novel? If it marks a shift from the conventional novelistic tradition, in what ways does it advance it? Considering that Okediran is one of Nigeria’s most prolific contemporary writers, it is important to determine his place in the Nigerian canon and also to analyse critically the factors responsible for that position.
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Ayinmode, Stephen Ayodele. "Beyond aesthetics and appearance: Ẹpa masks of Iyah Gbẹdẹ." Journal of Religion and Human Relations 14, no. 1 (November 16, 2022): 56–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jrhr.v14i1.4.
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Ẹpa masks are produced in order to enable the spirit of Ẹpa deity (Elela in Iyah Gbede) to be felt and appreciated by the society and to appear as a visible form or dramatic representation of mythical actions. However, there are substantial differences between some of the most spectacular and complex Ẹpa masks ever carved as far back as early to mid-20th century by some notable Yorùbá woodcarvers in southwestern Nigeria with those found nowadays in Iyah Gbede and some other Ẹpa practicing communities. Craftsmanship and form were considerations in the aesthetic judgment of the masks and headdresses among the masqueraders and the devotees of Ẹpa deity, but not necessarily the primary ethos. This paper therefore focused predominantly on visual element qualities and morphological presence in all Ẹpa masks and headdresses found in Iyah Gbede. The paper explored brief history and proceedings of Ẹpa masquerade tradition in Iyah Gbede as well as examining the visual content (thematic analysis) of the masks and headdresses to reveal a nexus between various creative traits and styles displayed by carvers in Iyah Gbede. Fourteen (14) major mask types found in the Iyah Gbede were identified from both conventional and unconventional (plastic) point of view. This paper concluded and affirmed that some new Ẹpa headdress were reproduced in Iyah Gbede when some of the ancient headdress was stolen; while some other headdresses were refurbished with paint.
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Yusof, Rohana, and Amina Lawal Mashi. "An Assessment of “Zawarawa” Mass Marriage Programme, in Kano State, Nigeria." International Journal of Social Science and Humanity 5, no. 10 (2015): 849–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijssh.2015.v5.568.
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Arthur, Tori. "Nollywood Afrogeeks." International Journal of E-Politics 7, no. 3 (July 2016): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijep.2016070104.
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Viewing Nigerian film, known as Nollywood, in online platforms provides African immigrants living in the United States with digital spaces to engage with the African continent through films with relatable Pan-African themes. Nollywood on social media sites (YouTube and subscription services IrokoTV, Amazon, and Netflix) marks the Nigerian film industry as a transnational participatory movement that enables immigrants to use the technology at their disposal to watch and comment on films, connect with their cultural values, and become a part of a global digital community of dispersed Africans and African descended populations. Thus, immigrants become a part of a Nollywood focused digital diaspora, a cultural space that illuminated the plurality immigrants negotiate on and off the continent.
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Adedire, O., and J. N. Ndam. "A model of dual latency compartments for the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 in Oyo state, Nigeria." Engineering and Applied Science Letters 4, no. 1 (January 23, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30538/psrp-easl2021.0056.
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In this study, a mathematical model of dual latency compartments is developed to investigate the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 epidemic in Oyo state, Nigeria. The model consists of non-pharmaceutical control strategies which include the use of face masks, social-distancing and impact of mass-media on the spread of novel coronavirus in the state. Results indicate control reproduction number \(R_C = 1.4\) with possibilities of high constructive influence of mass-media. Thus, at the fitted values of \(\sigma _f = 0.1,\; \sigma _d = 0.1,\;\sigma _m = 0.6\), the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic is attained after 59,217 infectious quarantined individuals and 328,440 infectious but not quarantined individuals have contracted COVID-19 in about 439 and 443 days respectively from the date of the first incidence. Therefore, efforts on mass-media with programs that can inform the people on effective use of face masks, social-distancing and other safety measures can aid reduction of reproduction number to a value below 1 necessary for eradication of the disease.
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Ebere Richard, Dr Adigbuo. "Nigeria–China Relations: The Contemporary Challenges." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 54 (April 20, 2019): 1258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.54.1258.1265.
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2018 marks the 47th anniversary of Nigeria-China diplomatic relations. Nigeria’s relation with china is decisively important for the future of both countries and to an ever evolving international system. It is appropriate to understand the contemporary challenges facing this relationship. Thus, this article examines Sino-Nigeria relation with a view to providing a balance sheet of cost and benefits. To do this, the study rests on qualitative research method that examines and synthesizes extant literature on international relations and in particular relevant literature on Sino-Nigeria relations. It is thus discovered that in the bilateral relations between the two countries, China has gained more than Nigeria in terms of balance of trade and the unwillingness of China to transfer technology to Nigeria. Since the relationship is asymmetrical, the article concludes that China cannot solve Nigeria’s problem and that the latter must learn from China bitter and hard way to greatness.
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Ebohon, Sylvanus I. "Feminizing Development: The Political Sociology of Female Tokenism in the Nigerian Project." African and Asian Studies 11, no. 4 (2012): 410–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341242.
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Abstract This paper interrogates the phenomena of gendered development and gendered opportunity structure in the context of the Nigerian project. On the basis of a body of empirical evidence, male dominance and female tokenism are presented. It is argued that while female participation has recorded steady growth, the emergence of women politicians in the “public face” makes a case for the exceptionality of agendered development in the Nigerian project. It is further argued that the rising profile e of women in the Nigerian ‘public space’ is not only one of the exceptionalities in the global discourse, but that it owes its emergence to post-colonial reform efforts. It is however argued that rising female profile under Goodluck Jonathan in the national executive space marks the rise of top-down approach to feminization of the public space. The paper also points out that the capacity of women to carve autonomous political space within the Nigerian project may be limited by the declining profile of bottom-up approach to female presence in elective offices. The sociological transition from biological femaleness to sociological maleness has engendered the phenomena of ‘female hybridization’ and token radicalism amongst women. The paper concludes with analysis of the sociological roots of de-empowerment located in the growth in women participation.
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Oloko, Temitope O. "Legal Implication of the Effect of the TRIPS Agreement on the Trade Marks Law in Nigeria." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 10 (April 29, 2016): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n10p140.
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The implication and the effects of the TRIPS Agreement in developing nations are constantly unfolding. Modern businesses use trade marks as an important public relations tool for marketing purposes. Considering the importance of the TRIPS Agreement in the trade mark regime, assessing the legal effect that the Agreement has on the law in Nigeria helps in determining the compliance of the Trade Mark Law to a large extent. The aim of this article is to identify the areas of compliance and to discuss the diversity and effectiveness of the TRIPS agreement. The article sheds light on the level of compliance of the Trade Marks Law and the expected impact. This could help in identifying the level of fulfilment of Nigeria’s international trade obligation. The study contributes to knowledge by providing insights in determining the extent to which the Trade Mark Law still need reformation. The areas covered by this article are limited to service marks, well-known marks, the requirement for use, and parallel importation.
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Micheal Omonnkheoa Oyakhire, Loveday Ese Oghenemavwe, and Chukuemeka Emmanuel Agi. "Influence of age, body mass index and waist-hip ratio on the human spine; a radiographic study of adult male subjects in Port Harcourt-Nigeria." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.8.2.0110.
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The study determined the Lumbosacral angle (LSA) of male subjects and evaluated its relationship to age, BMI and Waist -Hip ratio. Lateral radiographs of one hundred and forty-two informed healthy male volunteers between the age of 18-60 were studied using Ferguson’s method, and analyzed with respect to age, waist hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI).. The result showed the average value for Lumbosacral angle was 34.060 ± 0.560, the body weight was 70.34 ± 1.02Kg, and BMI was 24. 64 ± 0.38Kgm-2. Angle values were observed to increase with age up to 32years, followed by a sinusoidal increase and decrease pattern thereafter. Significant correlations were observed between LSA and Body weight as well as between LSA and BMI (p<0.05). The Lumbosacral angle of males in Port-Harcourt, South South Nigeria is within the range of literature derived measurement values world-wide, but lower than the average reported from previous studies on other Nigerian populations.
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Omoijiade, Emmanuel N., and Lucky Evbuomwan. "Personal protective equipment compliance among laundry workers in secondary and tertiary health facilities in Nigeria." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 3 (February 22, 2019): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190575.
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Background: Generally, personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used by healthcare workers, as they provide a physical barrier between hazards and the wearer. Exposure to occupational hazards in the laundry can be limited by the use of PPE such as barrier gowns, gloves, eyewear, foot coverings and face masks. This study provides information on the PPE compliance of the workers at the laundry, as this would prove useful in order to establish appropriate interventions to minimize occupational risks of workers in the healthcare laundries.Methods: This study was a comparative cross-sectional study. It was conducted in six hospitals with a laundry department in Benin-city, composed of one available tertiary healthcare facility and five secondary healthcare facilities. Questionnaire was administered to the workers concerning the availability and use of PPE.Results: The common PPE used were nose masks (7.9%), hand gloves (39.5%), safety boots (3.6%) and coveralls (84.5%). Respondents revealed that eye goggles or face shields and ear plugs or muffs were never provided for them.Conclusions: Compliance of respondents to PPE was not at an optimally recommended level. It is recommended that efforts be made to ensure that workers comply with PPE use, while providing all necessary protective equipment, which should first be assessed before selection and use.
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Kasali, A. A., K. O. Jimoh, M. A. Adeagbo, and S. A. Bello. "Web-based text editing system for Nigerian major languages." Nigerian Journal of Technology 40, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v40i2.15.
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This study developed a web-based text editor to eliminate the incompatibility of computer keyboard with the three major indigenous languages in Nigeria. It also aims to reduce the time taken to produce characters with diacritical marks. The editors produced valid Unicode characters and require pressing less buttons to generating all the symbols of the alphabets for the three major indigenous languages in Nigeria. Client-side technologies were used to develop these applications. Three web pages, designated for Yorùbá, Igbo and Hausa language were generated with HTML. CSS was used to define the look and feel of the HTML elements on each page. Regular Expressions implemented in JavaScript functions were used to convert selected ASCII characters into desired Unicode characters. The editors are available at http://www.gazaliwakil.com.ng. The editors work well on latest version of browsers like (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, and Internet Explorer). They are very light, consume minimal server resources and can work offline. The system was launched Fifty-one (51) times to extract data comprising the Loading, Scripting, Rendering, Painting, System, and Idle time. The obtained result showed that on the average, it takes about 13.77ms to load the HTML DOM elements, 42.83ms to load the javaScript, 13.10ms and 1.73ms for rendering and painting the page by CSS. Additional time taken are 43.91ms and 3,045.10ms for the system and idle time respectively. A total time of 3,160.43ms (3.16s) is required when any of the editors is launched before the page can accept inputs from the users. It also takes the editors 2.66ms to add diacritical marks on a letter. This would, in effect, not reduce the typing speed of users.
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Bashir-Ud-Deen, Oni, Olawale. "Mitigating Strategies and its Challenges of COVID-19 Pandemic in Ogun State, Nigeria." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.09.01.art007.
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Globally, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a major public health problem due to its high virulence associated with communities spreading with no definitive treatment and untimely death. Various perceptions have been associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study assessed the perception of mitigating strategies and its challenges regarding COVID-19 among residents in Ogun State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study design using a multi-stage sampling technique was used to solicit information from 2400 respondents in Ogun State, Nigeria. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire from 4th to 15th October 2020. Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis. Findings of this study revealed that avoidance of social gathering (23.5%), the use of face masks (23.3%), and cleaning of hands with sanitizer (22.7) were the most common mitigation strategies adopted by the respondents in the study area, although full adherence was low. The most strategies to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 were suggested by the respondents. These strategies included regular quarantining affected person(s), practicing basic measures, and going to the hospital with 21.5%, 20.6%, and 19.7% respectively. The results also showed that going to Churches and Mosques, inconvenient time of using face masks and restriction from social gathering and clubbing during COVID-19 pandemic were the most challenges faced in the study area. This study concludes that there should be more provision of medical supplies and palliatives for individuals, health education, the enforcement of preventive measures, and free testing and treatment should receive much recognition.
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Oriola, Mufutau Oluwakemi, and Oludare Joseph Tiamiyu. "Artistic and Communicative Connections between Newspaper Cartooning and Epa Festival in Ijagun Community, Ogun State, Nigeria." Journal of Religion and Human Relations 13, no. 1 (July 22, 2021): 110–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jrhr.v13i1.6.
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Newspaper cartoons and Epa masks worn by Epa masquerades are similar in their humorous appearances and communicative values. This study examined the artistic and communicative connections between newspaper cartooning and Epa festival in Ijagun community, Ogun State, Nigeria. Descriptive questionnaire survey was conducted on 20literate indigenous Epa adherents in the community. Findings revealed that Epa festival and newspaper cartooning were related in their significant artistic connection through humour and entertainment, and communication of cultural values through exposure of social vices in the community. The study recommended the preservation of such festivals as Epa for awareness creation, entertainment and security.
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Ayeomoni, Moses Omoniyi. "Grapho-Syntactic Analysis of Selected Political Speeches of Some Nigerian Heads of State." Matatu 40, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 319–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-040001022.
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This study investigates how the non-professional politicians: the military, when they become Heads of State, use the linguistic resources and devices of grapho-syntax to convey their political ideas and thoughts. It is therefore, a part of the objectives of this study, to find out which of the components of grapho-syntactic features are most prominent in the speeches. It is also meant to unravel the thematic roles played by these prominent features in the realization of the political intentions of the speakers. The data used for the work is based on some selected political speeches of the military Heads of State that ruled the country from 1966 to 1983. The data or speeches were analysed from the perspectives of the Linguistic stylistic approach and linguistic framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics. It is discovered from the analysis that the language of the military political rulers is permeated with sparsely use of punctuation marks (open use of punctuation marks). This is in tune with swift and quick style they carry out their administrative duties. Besides, their language in political addresses is mainly of simple declarative sentences. This style, too, is concomitant with their simple and unbureaucratic way of governing.
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Goodyear-Smith, Felicity, Michael Kidd, Tijani Idris Ahmad Oseni, Nagwa Nashat, Robert Mash, Mehmet Akman, Robert L. Phillips, and Chris van Weel. "International examples of primary care COVID-19 preparedness and response: a comparison of four countries." Family Medicine and Community Health 10, no. 2 (April 2022): e001608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2022-001608.
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We report the learnings gleaned from a four-country panel (Australia, South Africa, Egypt and Nigeria) sharing their countries’ COVID-19 primary healthcare approaches and implementation of policy at the World Organization of Family Doctor’s World virtual conference in November. The countries differ considerably with respect to size, national economies, average age, unemployment rates and proportion of people living rurally. South Africa has fared the worst with respect to waves of COVID-19 cases and deaths. All countries introduced strategies such as border closure, COVID-19 testing, physical distancing and face masks. Australia and Nigeria mobilised primary care, but the response was mostly public health and hospital-based in South Africa and Egypt. All countries rapidly adopted telehealth. All countries emphasised the critical importance of an integrated response between primary care and public health to conduct surveillance, diagnose cases through testing, provide community-based care unless hospitalisation is required and vaccinate the population to reduce infection spread.
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Ayodele, James Olabisi. "Masks, Criminality, and Implications for Security in Nigeria." Journal of Applied Security Research 6, no. 3 (July 2011): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2011.580259.
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Osahon, O. D., G. E. Okungbowa, and O. Ogboghodo. "Measurement and Analysis of Power Density around Selected Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Base Station Masts in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.161.
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Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and other telecommunication technologies are now ubiquitous worldwide. There has been considerable increase in the radiofrequency (RF) radiation exposure of the public from GSM and telecommunication transmitting and receiving antennas. If the RF radiation emanating from these devices exceeds internationally recommended limits it may pose health risk to the public. There is, therefore, the need for database of RF distribution levels in Nigeria for safety assessment. In this study, the power density of mobile phone base station masts in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria was measured and analyzed to check if it is within the public standard recommended by International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). A total of forty (40) mobile phone base station masts were studied and their power density (mW/m2), magnetic field strength (A/m) and electric field strength (V/m) were determined by means of a digital Electrosmog meter, model MECO 9810 RF covering the frequency range 10 MHz 8 GHz. The measurements were made at the base of the masts and at distances 25, 50, 75 and 100 m respectively from the base of the masts. The results obtained show that the mean power density, magnetic field strength and electric field strength range from 0.589 ± 0.198 to 127.718 ± 11.301 mW/m2, 0.318 ± 0.056 to 4.166 ± 2.041 A/m and 0.934 ± 0.139 to 11.745 ± 3.427 V/m. The measured and calculated power density values were compared and found to indicate high positive correlation. Also the values of the power density obtained in this study at the different distances and locations were found to be far below the ICNIRP public exposure limits ranging from 2000 10000 mW/m2 in the frequency range of 10 MHz 300 GHz.