Academic literature on the topic 'Nigerian National characteristics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nigerian National characteristics"
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Voloshina, Tatiana, Natalia Nerubenko, and Julia Blazhevich. "LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL PECULIARITIES OF NIGERIAN SCREENPLAYS." Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University 476, no. 6 (September 15, 2023): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/1994-2796-2023-476-6-94-102.
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The article deals with the features of linguistic and cultural picture of the world representation on the example of Nigerian screenplays. The authors of the research analyze the features of the Nigerian cinematographic art which is the reflection of the Nigeria national picture of the world, that is subject to the dominant influence of the British English language influence. In the course of the work, the key characteristics of the screenplays of Nigeria are revealed, viz. the influence of the phenomenon called creolization which is the forced adaptation process of the British English language to the norms of the Nigerian autochthonous languages and cultures. The key characteristics of the Nigerian screenplays grammatical structures are due to the interference processes of autochthonous Nigerian languages Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo with English.
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AJAYI, Omolola Oluwakemi, and Tembi M. TICHAAWA. "VISITORS’ CHARACTERISTICS AND DESTINATION IMAGE: THE CASE OF NIGERIAN ZOOS." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 32, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 1410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.32432-588.
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When compared to in situ conservation sites like national parks and game reserves in Nigeria, zoos are the most visited wildlife tourism destinations given their proximity to people and close interactions with wildlife. This study explored the characteristics of visitors and the image they possess about zoos. A total of 1529 visitors were sampled using a structured questionnaire in four prominent Nigerian zoos in the southwest zone. The results revealed that the majority of visitors were single, young and mid adult male and female Nigerians within the age range of 18 -37 years. The foremost image of visitors about a zoo is that of close wildlife experience, recreation and entertainment, however, conservation was least acknowledged. Only age was found to have a significant relationship with the destination image. The st udy concludes that zoo managers should continually employ various strategies in projecting the right image of zoos. The study extends current re search on zoos by highlighting so far, the uninvestigated image of zoos in Nigeria and documenting practical implications.
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E.A., Adelakun, Obassa R.I., Atowoju A., Afolabi O., and Adelakun A.O. "Cultural Diversity and Youth Leadership Development in Nigeria." Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies 3, no. 3 (November 14, 2023): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/jarms-axhrhwkq.
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One of the important characteristics of culture is diversity. This makes every nation of the world a unique entity. Rather than a blessing, cultural diversity has become a tool of oppression, domination, nepotism, injustice, disparity and discrimination in the hands of political actors and influential citizens in Nigeria. In the fight against police brutality that gave birth to a dramatic event tagged “End Sars Protest” on 20th December 2020, Nigerian youths demonstrated unity in diversity. On the contrary, the same youths are major instruments of various secessionist movements and agitating groups such as Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), Movement for The Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSON), The Emancipation of Niger Delta (MEND), and Yoruba Nation. What a paradoxical situation! Against this background, this study focused on youth’s awareness of Nigeria's cultural diversity and its implication for leadership development. The study explored social leadership development theory as a theoretical framework while adopting descriptive survey research design and structured questionnaires to gather information. The population for the study is comprised of the members of the Coalition of Nigerian Youth on Security and Safety Affairs (CONYSSA) alongside the National Youth Council of Nigeria (NYCN). As a result, the study adopted a purposive stratified random sampling method to select a specified number of respondents from each youth organisation within the coalition and National Youth Council of Nigeria. Then, the data collected were analysed by Microsoft Data Analysis Tool Pack and Integrated with Microsoft Excel for easy display and graphical illustration. From the findings, the study recommends that youth organisations in Nigeria should adopt a cultural approach to leadership development in their training schemes. Also, the government of the Nigerian public and private sectors should make a policy of cultural inclusion and create a sensitisation platform to educate people on the uniqueness of Nigeria's cultural diversity.
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Yahaya, Khadijat Adenola, and Kabir Yusuf. "Impact of Company Characteristics on Aggressive Tax Avoidance in Nigerian Listed Insurance Companies." Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis 9, no. 2 (August 14, 2020): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jab.v9i2.30512.
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Tax avoidance has been identified as one of the tools companies used legally to pay less to government as corporation taxes. This attributed to low revenue target from taxes, thus, holding the continent back by starving the government of the revenue it needs for development. It is against this background, this study examined company characteristics and aggressive tax avoidance in Nigerian listed insurance companies. It assessed the impact of firm size, profitability, leverage and firm age on aggressive tax avoidance of listed insurance companies in Nigeria. The study adopted ex-post facto research design, and data were drawn from the audited annual reports of twenty (20) random sample listed insurance companies between 2010 and 2018. The model of the study was estimated using a two-step system GMM panel model estimator. The results of the study revealed that firm size (coeff of 0.628) and Leverage ( with coeff of 0.549 ) have a positive and significant (p-value < 1% level of significance) impact on aggressive tax avoidance, while firm’ Profitability (coeff of -0.843 ) and Age (with coeff of -0.056 ) have a negative and significant. The study concluded that company characteristics influences aggressive tax avoidance of insurance companies in Nigeria. Specifically, firm’ size and leverage have a positive impact on aggressive tax avoidance in Nigerian listed insurance companies while firm’ profitability and Age have a negative effect on aggressive tax avoidance. Thus, the study recommends among others that firm sixe should be well formulated in accordance with regulating bodies like the Corporate Affairs Commission and National Deposit Insurance Cooperation.
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Ughulu, John. "Transformational Leadership and Its Importance in Developing Nations: a Comparative Analysis with a Focus on How This Can Positively Impact Nigeria." International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research 08, no. 04 (2024): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijebmr.2024.8401.
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Transformational leadership, characterized by its ability to inspire, motivate, and elevate followers to exceed self-interests, has emerged as a critical determinant of organizational and national success. This scholarly paper conducts a comparative analysis of transformational leadership in developing nations, with a specific focus on Nigeria. Through a meticulous examination of leadership characteristics, organizational outcomes, and socio-economic development, this research seeks to underscore the importance of transformational leadership in navigating the unique challenges faced by developing nations and the potential positive impact it can have on the Nigerian context.
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Lawrence, U. Egbadju. "Corporate Board Characteristics and Performance of Non-Financial Firms in Nigeria." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 9, no. 11 (January 6, 2024): 138–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijssmr.v9.no11.2023.pg138.161.
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This study investigates if there is any relationship between certain corporate board characteristics and financial performance of non-financial listed firms in Nigeria. It uses secondarily sourced panel data over the period from 2005 to 2020 of 76 such firms listed on the floor of the Nigerian Exchange Group (NXG). The generalized method of moments (GMM) results reveal that while board size(BS), board compensation(BC), board meetings(BM) and board members with military experience(BME) are positively significant with performance; board independence(BI), board gender diversity(BGD), board national diversity(BND), board tribal diversity(BTD), board busyness(BB), board members’ education level(BE) and board foreign directors(BFD) are negatively significant with performance but board shareholding or ownership(BSH) is insignificant. All the control variables (leverage, market–to-book ratio, firm size, year fixed effect dummy as well as the industry sector fixed effect dummy) are statistically significant. This study concludes with some recommendations.
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Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Osariyekemwen Osa Uyi, and Ikponmwosa Nathaniel Egbon. "The Physicochemical Characteristics of Ibiekuma River Ekpoma, Nigeria." Journal of Wetlands Ecology 6 (November 2, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jowe.v6i0.5242.
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The Ibiekuma River is an important source of livelihood to its catchment. It contributes enormously to research success and living standard of students and staffs of the Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma, Nigeria. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of anthropogenic activities on the physicochemical properties of Ibiekuma River. Twenty seven water samples were collected at four stations during the study period and analyzed accordingly. The results obtained shows that the physicochemical parameters of the river were in conformity with the World Health Organization (WHO), National Agency for Food, Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS) safe limits, except for pH values which ranged from 4.69 to 4.81. The heavy metal concentrations were found to be within the limit of the guidelines prescribed by WHO and NAFDAC. Also, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the concentrations of the physicochemical parameters across the four stations sampled along the Ibiekuma River. Water obtained from Ibiekuma River will be fit for domestic use, only if purified. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jowe.v6i0.5242 J Wet Eco 2012 (6): 01-06
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Aremu, Olatunde, Stephen Lawoko, and Koustuv Dalal. "Childhood Vitamin A Capsule Supplementation Coverage in Nigeria: A Multilevel Analysis of Geographic and Socioeconomic Inequities." Scientific World JOURNAL 10 (2010): 1901–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.188.
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Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a huge public health burden among preschool-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa, and is associated with a high level of susceptibility to infectious diseases and pediatric blindness. We examined the Nigerian national vitamin A capsule (VAC) supplementation program, a short-term cost-effective intervention for prevention of VAD-associated morbidity for equity in terms of socioeconomic and geographic coverage. Using the most current, nationally representative data from the 2008 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey, we applied multilevel regression analysis on 19,555 children nested within 888 communities across the six regions of Nigeria. The results indicate that there was variability in uptake of VAC supplement among the children, which could be attributed to several characteristics at individual, household, and community levels. Individual-level characteristics, such as maternal occupation, were shown to be associated with receipt of VAC supplement. The results also reveal that household wealth status is the only household-level characteristic that is significantly associated with receipt of VAC, while neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and geographic location were the community-level characteristics that determined receipt of VAC. The findings from this study have shown that both individual and contextual socioeconomic status, together with geographic location, is important for uptake of VAC. These findings underscore the need to accord the VAC supplementation program the much needed priority with focus on characteristics of neighborhoods (communities), in addition to individual-level characteristics.
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IDEH, Dumebi Anthony, Okwy Peter OKPALA, and Christopher Odogwu CHIDI. "TOWARDS ELIMINATING DISCRIMINATORY EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES IN NIGERIAN ORGANISATIONS." LASU Journal of Employment Relations & Human Resource Management 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/ljerhrm/0202.02.0150.
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Equality and non-discriminatory employment practices are rooted in the principle that all employment decisions should be based on individuals’ ability to do a job, regardless of their personal characteristics that are not related to the requirements for job performance. Thus, this study highlights some of the discriminatory employment practices prevalent in Nigerian workplaces. The study is based on review and analysis of both primary and secondary data. The results revealed different forms of discriminatory employment practices among Nigerian organisations. It noted that, discriminations occur in Nigerian workplaces during restructuring and retrenchment, in managing compensation and promotion, training and development, maternity protection, recruitment and selection, use of agency work arrangement and in the design of work environment. The study concludes that there is high prevalence of discriminatory employment practices in Nigerian organisations. It is therefore, recommended that, in line with international best practices, Nigerian organisations/employers cum the Ministry of Labour and Employment should ensure that discriminatory employment practices are reduced to the barest minimum if not completely eliminated in Nigerian workplaces if sustainable organisational performance and national development are to be achieved.
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Olasehinde, Noah, and Olanrewaju Olaniyan. "Determinants of household health expenditure in Nigeria." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 12 (December 4, 2017): 1694–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-12-2015-0324.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of health expenditure at the household level in Nigeria with specific focus on the household and individual unique characteristics. It presents some stylised facts about the Nigerian health system and its financing options. It went further to show that household is the major financial organ of healthcare in Nigeria. The study aims to expand the domain of household health expenditure by analysing at national, urban and rural levels. Design/methodology/approach It adopted Engel curve approach, which was estimated using ordinary least squares technique. The model was structured to take care of life-cycle implications by examining effects of age in years and age groups (0-9, 10-19, 20-39, 40-59 and 60+) on healthcare spending. Data were drawn from the 2010 Harmonised Nigeria Living Standards Survey (HNLSS) conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics and analyses were conducted nationally, for urban and rural locations. Findings The result shows that individual characteristics like age, religion, education and household characteristics like income, size and headship commonly influence healthcare expenditure in Nigeria significantly. The household-level variables possess stronger significant effects among the rural households while marital status and employment had differential effects in both urban and rural locations. It also confirmed that Nigeria engages in intergenerational transfer of healthcare by the working population to the young and older generations. Research limitations/implications HNLSS was only limited to those who were sick or injured in the last two weeks preceding the survey, leaving out those whose sickness preceded the two weeks before the survey. Also, the scope of health expenditure is limited to curative care spending that exclude expenses on preventive care, rehabilitative care as well as other cost-saving services. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need to examine the determinants of household health expenditure at the national, urban and rural locations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nigerian National characteristics"
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Adetiba, Toyin Cotties. "Ethnic conflict in Nigeria: a challenge to inclusive social and political development." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006955.
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The question of ethnicity has been one of the most topical subjects of study by social scientists. The controversies around this phenomenon seem to have been heated up by the high visibility of mobilized and politicized ethnic groups in most multi-ethnic states. Therefore, the extent to which ethnic nationalities are able to effectively manage the interplay of ethnic differences determines to what extent a multi-ethnic nation develops without crisis. Historically Nigeria has come a long way from multi-ethnic entity with political differences and background to the amalgamation of 1914 till the present structure of thirty-six states. Ethnicity, no doubt has contributed immensely to ethnic conflicts in Nigeria because of long standing revulsion or resentments towards ethnic groups different from one’s own or fear of domination which can as well lead ethnic groups to resort to violence as a means to protect and preserve the existing ethnic groups. Significantly ethnicity in Nigeria, is a product inequality among the various ethnic groups orchestrated by a long period of colonialism; a period which witnessed the ascendancy of three major ethnic groups to the socio-political domination of other ethnic groups and a period when the three major ethnic groups were used as a pedestal for the distribution of socio-political goods, resulting in the inability of other ethnic groups to access these socio-political goods. This situation has continued to impact negatively on the forces of national integration and cohesion in ethnically divided Nigeria. Considering the relationship between ethnicity and development; socio-political exclusion is not only ethically dangerous to development but also economically unproductive. It deprives groups and individuals of the opportunity for the necessary development that can be beneficial to the society. Thus, it is important to develop an integrative socio-political frame-work that explicitly recognizes the participatory role of every ethnic group in governance. Hence, there is a need for the adoption of inclusive governance to manage ethnicity in Nigeria. Notwithstanding, ethnic conflict still persists and an attempt will be made in this study to identify the reasons. Central to socio-political sustainability in Nigeria is a system that should recognize that differences are important to development and encompass notions of equality. Such a system should acknowledge the socio-political and economic power of every ethnic group and promote a system devoid of ethnocentric and exclusionary socio-political and economic policies.
Books on the topic "Nigerian National characteristics"
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Jimoh, K. I. A survey of cultural and national identity. Ilorin [Nigeria]: Integrity Publications, 2007.
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Animalu, Alexander O. E. Basic research in the mathematical sciences: Visions, struggles, and reflections on the journey to the Abuja Technology Park. [Nigeria?: s.n.], 2001.
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(Nigeria), National Orientation Agency, and Nigerian Television Authority, eds. Attitude matters: The role of attitudes in Nigeria's development : proceedings of a national seminar organised by the National Orientation Agency (NOA) and the Nigerian Television Authority (NTA), 11th-13th April, 2005. Ibadan, Nigeria: Spectrum Books, 2006.
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Basic notes on Nigerian nationalism. Samaru, Zaria: Mumanrak Nigeria Enterprises, 2005.
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Eleojo, Egbunu Fidelis, ed. Is Nigeria worth dying for?: Patriotism in perspectives : excerpts from Fr. Egbunu's new book Religion, politics and patriotism in Nigeria. Nsukka: Afro-Orbis Publishing, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Nigerian National characteristics"
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Williamson, John B., and Fred C. Pampel. "Nigeria." In Old-Age Security in Comparative Perspective, 164–82. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195068597.003.0008.
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Abstract Nigeria’s large population and substantial oil resources make it one of the most influential nations in sub-Saharan Africa.1 In 1961 it became the first African nation to introduce a provident fund plan. The National Provident Fund (NPF) served as a model for similar schemes in several other African nations. While each sub-Saharan African nation has its unique characteristics, such as substantial oil resources in Nigeria’s case, they share many characteristics. Most went through comparable colonial experiences, have relatively small modem sectors, and have heterogeneous populations with deep religious, ethnic, and linguistic cleavages. In many ways the development of old-age social security policy in Nigeria is similar to that in other nations of sub-Saharan Africa, but in some respects it differs. For both reasons we will want to make comparisons with developments in other subSaharan nations.
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Pramanik, Sabyasachi. "An Anticipatory Framework for Categorizing Nigerian Supreme Court Rulings." In Machine Learning Techniques and Industry Applications, 47–72. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-5271-7.ch003.
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It is important to recognize that a well-run judicial system contributes to the formation of a favorable atmosphere that fosters national growth. The efficient administration of justice is just as important to the court's efficacy as its capacity to be impartial, firm, and fair at all times. Notwithstanding these vital functions of the court, Nigeria's legal system is sometimes unsatisfactory and sluggish moving. People no longer trust the courts because of this, as most people think that justice postponed is justice denied. In recent times, machine learning methods have been used for predictive purposes in several domains. In this work, the authors used 5585 records of precedent rulings from the Supreme Court of Nigeria (SCN) between 1962 and 2022 to construct a prediction model for the categorization of judgments. Primsol Law Pavilion, an independently owned data repository, provided the data that was gathered from. Following data annotation and feature extraction, three classification methods (Decision Tree, Multi-layer Perceptron, and kNN) were used to construct the model. These techniques allowed for the identification of factors that significantly influence assessments, both from the literature and domain experts. The authors also looked at how two different feature extraction strategies, one based on correlation and the other on information, affected the models; the latter proved to be more successful in identifying pertinent characteristics. According to the study's findings, decision trees are the best machine learning algorithm for predicting how appeal cases that are submitted before the SCN would turn out.
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W. Taylor-Robinson, Andrew, and Olaitan O. Omitola. "Emerging and Re-Emerging Bacterial Zoonoses: A Nigerian Perspective on Control, Prevention and Intervention." In Zoonoses of Public Health Interest [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106142.
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A propensity to re-emerge is a characteristic of bacterial zoonoses, diseases caused by bacteria that can be transmitted to humans from animals. Research shows that their transmission occurs in Nigeria, the most populated nation in Africa. However, due to insufficient epidemiological surveillance of bacterial zoonoses, the magnitude and burden of these infectious diseases is not fully acknowledged. They are therefore not a priority target of the national public health policy. This lesser concern is regardless of their likely role in the extensive prevalence of non-malarial undifferentiated fever in Nigeria. Several animal reservoirs and arthropod vectors of transmission have been identified for these diseases, Yet, the increase in cases of undiagnosed febrile illness emphasizes the imperative to undertake an extensive evaluation of other possible reservoirs, vectors and transmission cycles that may raise the local risk of zoonotic bacterial infections. Animal health interventions have been advanced as an economically viable and practical approach. Further, facilitating the operation of a community-based One Health program is essential to providing the comprehensive epidemiological information that is required in order to improve prioritization of bacterial zoonoses. This would generate impetus for much-needed investment in relevant public health interventions.
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O. Ayeku, Patrick. "Climate Change and Anthropogenic Impacts on the Ecosystem of the Transgressive Mud Coastal Region of Bight of Benin, Nigeria." In Environmental Sciences. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105760.
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The transgressive mud coastal area of Bight of Benin is a muddy coastal complex that lies east of the Barrier/lagoon coast and stretches to the Benin River in the northwestern flank of the Niger Delta Nigeria. It constitutes a fragile buffer zone between the tranquil waters of the swamps and the menacing waves of the Atlantic Ocean. Extensive breaching of this narrow coastal plain results in massive incursion of the sea into the inland swamps with serious implications for national security and the economy. Climate change impacts from the results of meteorological information of the regions shows a gradual degradation in the past 30 years. Temperature, rainfall and humidity increase annually depict climate change, resulting from uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources is rapidly pushing the region towards ecological disasters. The ecosystem is very unique being the only transgressive mud coastal area of the Gulf of Guinea. The chapter describes the geomorphology, tidal hydrology, relief/drainage, topography, climate/meteorology, vegetation, economic characteristics, anthropogenic activities and their impacts on the ecosystem.
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Ojebode, Ayokunmi O. "All Animals Are Equal: Rethinking ‘Animalistic’ Names and Yoruba Epistemology in Femi Osofisan’s “Kolera Kolej”." In Onomastics in Interaction With Other Branches of Science. Volume 3. Proceedings of the 27th International Congress of Onomastic Sciences General and Applied Onomastics. Literary Onomastics. Chrematonomastics. Reports. Jagiellonian University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/k7478.47/22.23.17742.
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This study explores animal names in Femi Osofisan’s “Kolera Kolej” (2001), entrenched in the characters’ animalistic tendencies and nonconformity to Yoruba ethics, values and norms. Despite studies on Osofisan’s theatre and satirical technique, especially the playwright’s commentary on Nigeria’s socio-economic and political crises, there is no compelling research on zoonyms (animal names) anchored on Yoruba epistemology in the work. The study adopted Onomastic semiosis within the framework of Dan Izevbaye’s (1981) sociocultural and literary naming contexts to foreground the Yoruba philosophy ìse ènìyàn n’ìse ẹranko equating animals and human beings through names and characteristics. In the Yoruba culture, animalistic or unethical behaviours contradict the Omoluabi concept of ideal citizenship. Thus, the playwright’s designation of profound Yoruba animal names ridicules African elites and political leaders’ chauvinistic and greedy nature and its consequences on a nation’s socio-politics and economy.
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Garavini, Giuliano. "Introduction." In The Rise and Fall of OPEC in the Twentieth Century, 1–10. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832836.003.0009.
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The Introduction deals with the place of sovereign landlords, in particular landlords that ruled over some of the most productive oil regions in the world, in the history of the twentieth century. Petrostates are often disliked because of their “rentier state” status. They have the aura of a “pariah state” compared to the other “productive” members of the international community. Land rent has been progressively marginalized as a topic of mainstream political economy thinking, and has generally negative connotations for Liberal and Marxist intellectuals and economists alike. The general dislike for rent as “undeserved wealth” lies very deep in widely engrained religious and cultural views all over the world. Variations of the biblical admonition that “if anyone is not willing to work, neither should he eat” exist so many different cultures. This book holds no such prejudice against land rent and sovereign landlords. It simply observes that land rent exists because the Earth is finite and because much of the ecosphere has been split up in the twentieth century among sovereign landlords called nation states. Each of these nation states has peculiar geographical and cultural characteristics and has to deal with them. The existence of petrostates such as Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, and Iran, nation states with such an important regional and global role, while at the same time crucially dependent on international land rent (a rent that comes from exports), cannot be easily dismissed as the outcome of a quirk of international political economy that has generated extravagant regimes.
Conference papers on the topic "Nigerian National characteristics"
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Ejofodomi, O'tega, Godswill Ofualagba, and Donatus Uchechukwu Onyishi. "Adulteration Detection of Petroleum Products at Point of Sale POS Terminals." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207101-ms.
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Abstract In the Oil and Gas Industry, price disparity between Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), Automotive Gas Oil (AGO), and Dual Purpose Kerosene (DPK), often leads to adulteration of these petroleum products by marketers for monetary gains. Adulteration is the illegal introduction of a foreign undesirable substance to a substrate which affects the quality of the substrate. Adulteration of petroleum products are difficult to detect at Point of Sale (POS) terminals. Current methods for adulteration detection are time-consuming, require specialized equipment and experienced technicians to operate them, and cannot be used at POS terminals. Gaseous Vapor Technique (GVE) is an innovative adulteration detection technique that can be employed at POS terminals and the PePVEAT device utilized in this study is the first portable electronic device that performs GVE on petroleum products. GVE testing was performed on pure 1 L samples of PMS, AGO, and DPK obtained from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) using PePVEAT. The results obtained from GVE analysis of AGO, PMS, and DPK showed that the three petroleum products exhibited unique and varying chemical characteristics during GVE. AGO gives off its peak emissions between 10-20 seconds from test onset, DPK gives off its peak emissions between 10-30 seconds from test onset, and PMS gives off its peak emissions between 50-70 seconds from test onset. AGO emits 17.52-46.58 ppm of methane, 5.35-11.93 ppm of LPG, 35.51-84.6 ppm of butane, and 10.38-69.86 ppm of toluene. PMS emits 92,063.67-152,168.18 ppm of methane, 301.035-573.61 ppm of LPG, 2210.89-3424.94 ppm of butane, and 1983.02-7187.29 ppm of toluene. DPK emits 27.13-62.14 ppm of methane, 20.2-74.1 ppm of LPG, 120.41-1635.85 ppm of butane, and 1159.75- 1633.09 ppm of toluene. These variations in timing and concentrations of emissions shows that GVE can be utilized to detect and distinguish between AGO, PMS and DPK. The results obtained from GVE analysis of AGO, PMS, and DPK showed that Since PMS, AGO and DPK, each have unique chemical emissions during GVE, as was demonstrated in this paper, it is possible that GVE can be utilized to detect the adulterations of PMS with AGO and the adulteration of AGO with DPK. Future work involves investigating the ability of GVE to detect AGO-adulterated PMS, DPK-adulterated AGO, DPK-adulterated PMS, AGO-adulterated DPK,and PMS-adulterated DPK. The degree and percentage of adulteration that can be detected using the GVE technique will also be examined.
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Raji, A. Abimbola, and S. Adeniyi Adekola. "Characteristics of Yagi-Uda array of linear elements suitable for television broadcasting." In 2017 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electro-Technology for National Development (NIGERCON). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nigercon.2017.8281879.
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Adekola, S. A., and V. O. Adewuyi. "On the electromagnetic characteristics of dipole antennas at MF/HF/VHF/UHF." In 2017 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electro-Technology for National Development (NIGERCON). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nigercon.2017.8281881.
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Adewuyi, V. O., T. C. Erinosho, and S. A. Adekola. "Characteristics of a single element dipole and array of dipoles at frequencies of selected TV stations in Nigeria." In 2017 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electro-Technology for National Development (NIGERCON). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nigercon.2017.8281902.
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Adekola, S. Adeniyi, and A. Abimbola Raji. "Comparative performance characteristics of Yagi-Uda arrays of uniform and varying lengths of directors with uniform and parabolic spacings." In 2017 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electro-Technology for National Development (NIGERCON). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nigercon.2017.8281894.
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Oyeyele, Adebimpe, Camilla Junaid, Kawu Idris-Idah, Daniel Olomolaiye, and Eretoru Robert. "Optimising Process Conditions to Obtain Distillate Properties Within Regional Specifications." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211992-ms.
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Abstract In this work, a case study of a modular crude oil refinery is carried out. Located in Imo State, Nigeria, it is the first refinery to simultaneously produce four (4) petroleum products - Naphtha, Kerosene, Automotive Gas Oil (AGO) (i.e., Diesel) and Heavy Pour Fuel Oil (HPFO), that have constantly met the requirements of the Nigerian Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR). The refinery is situated beside the Ibigwe Marginal Field from which it obtains its crude oil; it represents perhaps the personification of efficiency in maximizing value from petroleum resources. Numerous lessons exist for prospective modular refiners. The paper aims to identify optimal process conditions and discuss a data-focused strategy utilized in ensuring optimal distillation column parameters required to achieve the production of "on-spec" (that is, meeting the desired regulatory/client quality specifications) distillates. The set points of temperatures and pressures for the distillation and stripping of each product were examined, while assessing the impact of changes in feed stock properties, product specifications or ambient conditions and the adjustments that needed to be made to process conditions. Some examples of the concerned characteristics of the product required to meet specification are API Gravity, Flash point and Pour Point. The reflux temperature, petroleum products draw rate, etc. are few variables to be appropriately manipulated. Strategies were developed and implemented for all stages of the refinery’s development – preliminary ones being the Design stage and Construction stage, with the ongoing one being the operation stage. Literature alludes to refiners categorizing "meeting specifications" as a potential problem. For example, you have now obtained "on spec" kerosene, what quantity of "on spec" diesel is left? In this paper, the technical journey to meeting DPR requirements is narrated, aiming to transfer knowledge and further develop the nation’s ability to meet its energy needs.
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Tapia Olivas, Juan Carlos, René Delgado Rendón, Emilio Hernández Martínez, Felipe Noh Pat, Eric Efrén Villanueva Vega, and María Cristina Castañón Bautista. "Evaluation of Wave Energy in the Pacific Ocean for Baja California State in Mexico." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52857.
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According to the World Energy Council (WEC) the estimated energy of the wave power in the world is in the range of 8,000 to 80,000 TWh/year to depths of 100 meters or higher and actually the utilization of wave energy resource it is possible because it has been implemented in countries like Australia, Indonesia, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Norway, Portugal and Colombia evaluating different types of marine technologies that take the advantage of the kinetic energy in the ocean waves. Mexico according to the National Institute of Statistics and Information (INEGI) has a land area of 1,972,550 km2 of which has a coastline of 11,150 km having potential for the use of their coasts. Baja California with a land area of 71,445 km2 (3.6% of the country) is located on a peninsula in northwest Mexico and has 720 km of coastline on the Pacific Ocean (6.4% nationally) with a range of depths of 25.6 m to 650 m at a distance of the coastline of 15 km, which makes it suitable to evaluate the use of wave energy at local sites. With the completion of this work will contribute to the characterization of the sites that will present the best technical and economic conditions for its implementation, considering the physical characteristics of the site as well as connection points on the transmission lines operated by the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE). For the preparation of this study was carried out in three stages: a) Site Selection, b) Evaluation of Wave Energy and c) Economic evaluation of sites using RETScreen. Based on the characteristics of the coast of Baja California the results obtained are the following: 1) 18 sites were selected with a sea depth averaged of 50 m, the annual density power was 7.5 kW/m, this represents a potential of 210 MW considering an average length of 2 km in each site, 2) The economic evaluation of this type of project was for a period of 30 years in RETScreen, considers an annual inflation rate of 5% and obtains an investment cost of 9,538 US $/kW for this type of generation. We conclude that this source of energy will reduce dependence on fossil fuels and contribute to the generation of electricity in the state of Baja California diversifying the energetic matrix state by the use of clean and renewable sources, which represents an investment opportunity between the public and private sector.
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Ojo, Olugbenga. "Face the Screen: Panacea Outlet for the Conduct of Examinations in the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.403.
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The increase in the use of technology devices and development of various software applications the world over has enabled identifiable solutions to various human problems that looked like Herculean tasks in the past. In the ODL mode of education, as leaners juggle study, work and the responsibility that family life entails, the flexibility characteristic of ODL is paving way for the expected continuity in the teaching and learning process through technology. These include examinations and evaluation processes. Educational institutions in Nigeria before now, based only on traditional methods of learning, that is, they follow the traditional set up of face-to-face lectures including term or semester examinations in a classroom. With the advent of distance learning mode, many universities running dual mode of education along with the only single mode university available in the West African coast - the National Open University of Nigeria, have started blended learning. Although many of the existing colleges and universities are stuck with old procedures of teaching in various ways, the narrative changed when the deadly disease called Covid-19 caused by a Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) shook the entire world. Part of the challenges brought about by this World Health Organization declared pandemic was how to ensure continuity in the process of teaching and learning. It is against this background that exigency of time have made it mandatory for institutions of learning to fully turn to technology for solutions to examinations and evaluation process, hence, the reason for virtual examinations which made students to face the screen instead of the traditional assessment system facilitated through the face-to-face classroom environment. Very many conventional institutions of learning which were reluctant to change their pedagogical approach along with the technologically inclined institutions such as NOUN took the advantage of the situation to introduce virtual examinations which points to the fact that students must face the screen if they were to be evaluated. The aim of this paper is to share the experience this mode of examinations entails in the developing countries of West Africa for the purpose of improvement and enabling students outside the shores of the locations of various institutions the opportunity it portend for access to education.
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Fatima Hajizada, Fatima Hajizada. "SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE AMERICAN VERSION OF THE BRITISH LANGUAGE." In THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC – PRACTICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE IN MODERN & SOCIAL SCIENCES: NEW DIMENSIONS, APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES. IRETC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/mssndac-01-10.
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English is one of the most spoken languages in the world. A global language communication is inherent in him. This language is also distinguished by a significant diversity of dialects and speech. It appeared in the early Middle Ages as the spoken language of the Anglo-Saxons. The formation of the British Empire and its expansion led to the widespread English language in Asia, Africa, North America and Australia. As a result, the Metropolitan language became the main communication language in the English colonies, and after independence it became State (USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) and official (India, Nigeria, Singapore). Being one of the 6 Official Languages of the UN, it is studied as a foreign language in educational institutions of many countries in the modern time [1, 2, s. 12-14]. Despite the dozens of varieties of English, the American (American English) version, which appeared on the territory of the United States, is one of the most widespread. More than 80 per cent of the population in this country knows the American version of the British language as its native language. Although the American version of the British language is not defined as the official language in the US Federal Constitution, it acts with features and standards reinforced in the lexical sphere, the media and the education system. The growing political and economic power of the United States after World War II also had a significant impact on the expansion of the American version of the British language [3]. Currently, this language version has become one of the main topics of scientific research in the field of linguistics, philology and other similar spheres. It should also be emphasized that the American version of the British language paved the way for the creation of thousands of words and expressions, took its place in the general language of English and the world lexicon. “Okay”, “teenager”, “hitchhike”, “landslide” and other words can be shown in this row. The impact of differences in the life and life of colonists in the United States and Great Britain on this language was not significant either. The role of Nature, Climate, Environment and lifestyle should also be appreciated here. There is no officially confirmed language accent in the United States. However, most speakers of national media and, first of all, the CNN channel use the dialect “general American accent”. Here, the main accent of “mid Pppemestern” has been guided. It should also be noted that this accent is inherent in a very small part of the U.S. population, especially in Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. But now all Americans easily understand and speak about it. As for the current state of the American version of the British language, we can say that there are some hypotheses in this area. A number of researchers perceive it as an independent language, others-as an English variant. The founder of American spelling, American and British lexicographer, linguist Noah Pondebster treats him as an independent language. He also tried to justify this in his work “the American Dictionary of English” written in 1828 [4]. This position was expressed by a Scottish-born English philologist, one of the authors of the “American English Dictionary”Sir Alexander Craigie, American linguist Raven ioor McDavid Jr. and others also confirm [5]. The second is the American linguist Leonard Bloomfield, one of the creators of the descriptive direction of structural linguistics, and other American linguists Edward Sapir and Charles Francis Hockett. There is also another group of “third parties” that accept American English as a regional dialect [5, 6]. A number of researchers [2] have shown that the accent or dialect in the US on the person contains significantly less data in itself than in the UK. In Great Britain, a dialect speaker is viewed as a person with a low social environment or a low education. It is difficult to perceive this reality in the US environment. That is, a person's speech in the American version of the British language makes it difficult to express his social background. On the other hand, the American version of the British language is distinguished by its faster pace [7, 8]. One of the main characteristic features of the American language array is associated with the emphasis on a number of letters and, in particular, the pronunciation of the letter “R”. Thus, in British English words like “port”, “more”, “dinner” the letter “R” is not pronounced at all. Another trend is related to the clear pronunciation of individual syllables in American English. Unlike them, the Britons “absorb”such syllables in a number of similar words [8]. Despite all these differences, an analysis of facts and theoretical knowledge shows that the emergence and formation of the American version of the British language was not an accidental and chaotic process. The reality is that the life of the colonialists had a huge impact on American English. These processes were further deepened by the growing migration trends at the later historical stage. Thus, the language of the English-speaking migrants in America has been developed due to historical conditions, adapted to the existing living environment and new life realities. On the other hand, the formation of this independent language was also reflected in the purposeful policy of the newly formed US state. Thus, the original British words were modified and acquired a fundamentally new meaning. Another point here was that the British acharism, which had long been out of use, gained a new breath and actively entered the speech circulation in the United States. Thus, the analysis shows that the American version of the British language has specific features. It was formed and developed as a result of colonization and expansion. This development is still ongoing and is one of the languages of millions of US states and people, as well as audiences of millions of people. Keywords: American English, English, linguistics, accent.
Reports on the topic "Nigerian National characteristics"
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Liverpool-Tasie, Lenis Saweda O., Ahmed Salim Nuhu, Titus Awokuse, Thomas Jayne, Milu Muyanga, Adebayo Aromolaran, and Adesoji Adelaja. Spillover Effects of Medium-Scale Farms on Smallholder Behaviour and Welfare: Evidence from Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.009.
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Many countries across Africa are seeing an increasing share of farmland being classified as medium-scale farms (MSFs). MSFs are defined as farms operating between 5–100ha. MSFs co-exist with small-scale farms (SSFs, defined as farms below 5ha), who still constitute the majority of households in rural areas of Africa. While there is growing literature documenting the drivers of the rise of MSFs and their characteristics empirical evidence on how this rise in MSFs impacts neighbouring SSFs is still thin. This study addresses these observed gaps in the literature. We developed a theoretical model to explain some mechanisms through which spillovers on SSFs can be generated from the existence of MSFs around them. We empirically tested for evidence of these spillovers with data from Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy and most populous nation. By exploring the spillover effects of MSFs on a broader set of SSF outcomes, including input use, productivity, commercialisation and welfare (captured via several measures of household income and poverty status), this paper provides a more comprehensive view of spillover effects.