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1
Voloshina, Tatiana, Natalia Nerubenko, and Julia Blazhevich. "LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL PECULIARITIES OF NIGERIAN SCREENPLAYS." Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University 476, no. 6 (September 15, 2023): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/1994-2796-2023-476-6-94-102.
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The article deals with the features of linguistic and cultural picture of the world representation on the example of Nigerian screenplays. The authors of the research analyze the features of the Nigerian cinematographic art which is the reflection of the Nigeria national picture of the world, that is subject to the dominant influence of the British English language influence. In the course of the work, the key characteristics of the screenplays of Nigeria are revealed, viz. the influence of the phenomenon called creolization which is the forced adaptation process of the British English language to the norms of the Nigerian autochthonous languages and cultures. The key characteristics of the Nigerian screenplays grammatical structures are due to the interference processes of autochthonous Nigerian languages Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo with English.
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AJAYI, Omolola Oluwakemi, and Tembi M. TICHAAWA. "VISITORS’ CHARACTERISTICS AND DESTINATION IMAGE: THE CASE OF NIGERIAN ZOOS." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 32, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 1410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.32432-588.
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When compared to in situ conservation sites like national parks and game reserves in Nigeria, zoos are the most visited wildlife tourism destinations given their proximity to people and close interactions with wildlife. This study explored the characteristics of visitors and the image they possess about zoos. A total of 1529 visitors were sampled using a structured questionnaire in four prominent Nigerian zoos in the southwest zone. The results revealed that the majority of visitors were single, young and mid adult male and female Nigerians within the age range of 18 -37 years. The foremost image of visitors about a zoo is that of close wildlife experience, recreation and entertainment, however, conservation was least acknowledged. Only age was found to have a significant relationship with the destination image. The st udy concludes that zoo managers should continually employ various strategies in projecting the right image of zoos. The study extends current re search on zoos by highlighting so far, the uninvestigated image of zoos in Nigeria and documenting practical implications.
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E.A., Adelakun, Obassa R.I., Atowoju A., Afolabi O., and Adelakun A.O. "Cultural Diversity and Youth Leadership Development in Nigeria." Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies 3, no. 3 (November 14, 2023): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/jarms-axhrhwkq.
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One of the important characteristics of culture is diversity. This makes every nation of the world a unique entity. Rather than a blessing, cultural diversity has become a tool of oppression, domination, nepotism, injustice, disparity and discrimination in the hands of political actors and influential citizens in Nigeria. In the fight against police brutality that gave birth to a dramatic event tagged “End Sars Protest” on 20th December 2020, Nigerian youths demonstrated unity in diversity. On the contrary, the same youths are major instruments of various secessionist movements and agitating groups such as Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), Movement for The Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSON), The Emancipation of Niger Delta (MEND), and Yoruba Nation. What a paradoxical situation! Against this background, this study focused on youth’s awareness of Nigeria's cultural diversity and its implication for leadership development. The study explored social leadership development theory as a theoretical framework while adopting descriptive survey research design and structured questionnaires to gather information. The population for the study is comprised of the members of the Coalition of Nigerian Youth on Security and Safety Affairs (CONYSSA) alongside the National Youth Council of Nigeria (NYCN). As a result, the study adopted a purposive stratified random sampling method to select a specified number of respondents from each youth organisation within the coalition and National Youth Council of Nigeria. Then, the data collected were analysed by Microsoft Data Analysis Tool Pack and Integrated with Microsoft Excel for easy display and graphical illustration. From the findings, the study recommends that youth organisations in Nigeria should adopt a cultural approach to leadership development in their training schemes. Also, the government of the Nigerian public and private sectors should make a policy of cultural inclusion and create a sensitisation platform to educate people on the uniqueness of Nigeria's cultural diversity.
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Yahaya, Khadijat Adenola, and Kabir Yusuf. "Impact of Company Characteristics on Aggressive Tax Avoidance in Nigerian Listed Insurance Companies." Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis 9, no. 2 (August 14, 2020): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jab.v9i2.30512.
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Tax avoidance has been identified as one of the tools companies used legally to pay less to government as corporation taxes. This attributed to low revenue target from taxes, thus, holding the continent back by starving the government of the revenue it needs for development. It is against this background, this study examined company characteristics and aggressive tax avoidance in Nigerian listed insurance companies. It assessed the impact of firm size, profitability, leverage and firm age on aggressive tax avoidance of listed insurance companies in Nigeria. The study adopted ex-post facto research design, and data were drawn from the audited annual reports of twenty (20) random sample listed insurance companies between 2010 and 2018. The model of the study was estimated using a two-step system GMM panel model estimator. The results of the study revealed that firm size (coeff of 0.628) and Leverage ( with coeff of 0.549 ) have a positive and significant (p-value < 1% level of significance) impact on aggressive tax avoidance, while firm’ Profitability (coeff of -0.843 ) and Age (with coeff of -0.056 ) have a negative and significant. The study concluded that company characteristics influences aggressive tax avoidance of insurance companies in Nigeria. Specifically, firm’ size and leverage have a positive impact on aggressive tax avoidance in Nigerian listed insurance companies while firm’ profitability and Age have a negative effect on aggressive tax avoidance. Thus, the study recommends among others that firm sixe should be well formulated in accordance with regulating bodies like the Corporate Affairs Commission and National Deposit Insurance Cooperation.
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Ughulu, John. "Transformational Leadership and Its Importance in Developing Nations: a Comparative Analysis with a Focus on How This Can Positively Impact Nigeria." International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research 08, no. 04 (2024): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.51505/ijebmr.2024.8401.
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Transformational leadership, characterized by its ability to inspire, motivate, and elevate followers to exceed self-interests, has emerged as a critical determinant of organizational and national success. This scholarly paper conducts a comparative analysis of transformational leadership in developing nations, with a specific focus on Nigeria. Through a meticulous examination of leadership characteristics, organizational outcomes, and socio-economic development, this research seeks to underscore the importance of transformational leadership in navigating the unique challenges faced by developing nations and the potential positive impact it can have on the Nigerian context.
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Lawrence, U. Egbadju. "Corporate Board Characteristics and Performance of Non-Financial Firms in Nigeria." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 9, no. 11 (January 6, 2024): 138–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijssmr.v9.no11.2023.pg138.161.
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This study investigates if there is any relationship between certain corporate board characteristics and financial performance of non-financial listed firms in Nigeria. It uses secondarily sourced panel data over the period from 2005 to 2020 of 76 such firms listed on the floor of the Nigerian Exchange Group (NXG). The generalized method of moments (GMM) results reveal that while board size(BS), board compensation(BC), board meetings(BM) and board members with military experience(BME) are positively significant with performance; board independence(BI), board gender diversity(BGD), board national diversity(BND), board tribal diversity(BTD), board busyness(BB), board members’ education level(BE) and board foreign directors(BFD) are negatively significant with performance but board shareholding or ownership(BSH) is insignificant. All the control variables (leverage, market–to-book ratio, firm size, year fixed effect dummy as well as the industry sector fixed effect dummy) are statistically significant. This study concludes with some recommendations.
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Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Osariyekemwen Osa Uyi, and Ikponmwosa Nathaniel Egbon. "The Physicochemical Characteristics of Ibiekuma River Ekpoma, Nigeria." Journal of Wetlands Ecology 6 (November 2, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jowe.v6i0.5242.
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The Ibiekuma River is an important source of livelihood to its catchment. It contributes enormously to research success and living standard of students and staffs of the Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma, Nigeria. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of anthropogenic activities on the physicochemical properties of Ibiekuma River. Twenty seven water samples were collected at four stations during the study period and analyzed accordingly. The results obtained shows that the physicochemical parameters of the river were in conformity with the World Health Organization (WHO), National Agency for Food, Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS) safe limits, except for pH values which ranged from 4.69 to 4.81. The heavy metal concentrations were found to be within the limit of the guidelines prescribed by WHO and NAFDAC. Also, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the concentrations of the physicochemical parameters across the four stations sampled along the Ibiekuma River. Water obtained from Ibiekuma River will be fit for domestic use, only if purified. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jowe.v6i0.5242 J Wet Eco 2012 (6): 01-06
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Aremu, Olatunde, Stephen Lawoko, and Koustuv Dalal. "Childhood Vitamin A Capsule Supplementation Coverage in Nigeria: A Multilevel Analysis of Geographic and Socioeconomic Inequities." Scientific World JOURNAL 10 (2010): 1901–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.188.
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Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a huge public health burden among preschool-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa, and is associated with a high level of susceptibility to infectious diseases and pediatric blindness. We examined the Nigerian national vitamin A capsule (VAC) supplementation program, a short-term cost-effective intervention for prevention of VAD-associated morbidity for equity in terms of socioeconomic and geographic coverage. Using the most current, nationally representative data from the 2008 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey, we applied multilevel regression analysis on 19,555 children nested within 888 communities across the six regions of Nigeria. The results indicate that there was variability in uptake of VAC supplement among the children, which could be attributed to several characteristics at individual, household, and community levels. Individual-level characteristics, such as maternal occupation, were shown to be associated with receipt of VAC supplement. The results also reveal that household wealth status is the only household-level characteristic that is significantly associated with receipt of VAC, while neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and geographic location were the community-level characteristics that determined receipt of VAC. The findings from this study have shown that both individual and contextual socioeconomic status, together with geographic location, is important for uptake of VAC. These findings underscore the need to accord the VAC supplementation program the much needed priority with focus on characteristics of neighborhoods (communities), in addition to individual-level characteristics.
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IDEH, Dumebi Anthony, Okwy Peter OKPALA, and Christopher Odogwu CHIDI. "TOWARDS ELIMINATING DISCRIMINATORY EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES IN NIGERIAN ORGANISATIONS." LASU Journal of Employment Relations & Human Resource Management 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/ljerhrm/0202.02.0150.
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Equality and non-discriminatory employment practices are rooted in the principle that all employment decisions should be based on individuals’ ability to do a job, regardless of their personal characteristics that are not related to the requirements for job performance. Thus, this study highlights some of the discriminatory employment practices prevalent in Nigerian workplaces. The study is based on review and analysis of both primary and secondary data. The results revealed different forms of discriminatory employment practices among Nigerian organisations. It noted that, discriminations occur in Nigerian workplaces during restructuring and retrenchment, in managing compensation and promotion, training and development, maternity protection, recruitment and selection, use of agency work arrangement and in the design of work environment. The study concludes that there is high prevalence of discriminatory employment practices in Nigerian organisations. It is therefore, recommended that, in line with international best practices, Nigerian organisations/employers cum the Ministry of Labour and Employment should ensure that discriminatory employment practices are reduced to the barest minimum if not completely eliminated in Nigerian workplaces if sustainable organisational performance and national development are to be achieved.
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Olasehinde, Noah, and Olanrewaju Olaniyan. "Determinants of household health expenditure in Nigeria." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 12 (December 4, 2017): 1694–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-12-2015-0324.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of health expenditure at the household level in Nigeria with specific focus on the household and individual unique characteristics. It presents some stylised facts about the Nigerian health system and its financing options. It went further to show that household is the major financial organ of healthcare in Nigeria. The study aims to expand the domain of household health expenditure by analysing at national, urban and rural levels. Design/methodology/approach It adopted Engel curve approach, which was estimated using ordinary least squares technique. The model was structured to take care of life-cycle implications by examining effects of age in years and age groups (0-9, 10-19, 20-39, 40-59 and 60+) on healthcare spending. Data were drawn from the 2010 Harmonised Nigeria Living Standards Survey (HNLSS) conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics and analyses were conducted nationally, for urban and rural locations. Findings The result shows that individual characteristics like age, religion, education and household characteristics like income, size and headship commonly influence healthcare expenditure in Nigeria significantly. The household-level variables possess stronger significant effects among the rural households while marital status and employment had differential effects in both urban and rural locations. It also confirmed that Nigeria engages in intergenerational transfer of healthcare by the working population to the young and older generations. Research limitations/implications HNLSS was only limited to those who were sick or injured in the last two weeks preceding the survey, leaving out those whose sickness preceded the two weeks before the survey. Also, the scope of health expenditure is limited to curative care spending that exclude expenses on preventive care, rehabilitative care as well as other cost-saving services. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need to examine the determinants of household health expenditure at the national, urban and rural locations.
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Saleh, Martha, and Osundina Olasunkanmi. "Currency Devaluation and Fuel Subsidy Removal for Nigeria’s Economic Development." International Journal of Social Science Research 5, no. 2 (September 20, 2017): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v5i2.11919.
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Currency devaluation and fuel subsidy removal are policies that are phenomena to the Nigerian economic environment. The implementation of the policies has further caused more challenges in the pursuit for economic development than remedy to alleviate the crisis in the Nigeria economy. However, the continuous exploration of this policies by successive administration was a concern to this research work. It is as a result of this persistent policies that this paper wants to analyse its viability for economic development in Nigeria.The paper adopted survey research design with the use of questionnaire administered to 387 respondents. Three major organizations were purposefully selected as sources for data collection which were the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and the Nigeria Union of Petroleum and Natural Gas Workers (NUPENG).The paper found out that currency devaluation and fuel subsidy removal is a resultant effect of the mono-productive characteristics of the Nigerian economy which has continually led to balance of payment deficit, low competitiveness in the economy and fall short in living quality of the citizenry. Further exposition revealed that not until diversification of the economy is attained, revitalization of the power sector and industrialization for local manufacturing; economic development might not be feasible. Therefore, it is recommended that industrialization of the economy is highly overdue, infrastructural development imperative and economic policies such as devaluation and subsidy regime should be mildly used when economic downturns are experienced.
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Peter, Agbugui A., Solola S. Abiodun, and Utume L. James. "Physicochemical Parameters of Ground Water Quality in Crown Estate and Its Environs in Okada Town, Edo State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Chemical Science International 14, no. 2 (December 30, 2023): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/jacsi/2023/v14i28539.
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The evaluation of drinking water quality mainly by determination of some physicochemical parameters present is of paramount importance due to the impact on human health. The present study presents investigation on the physicochemical parameters of ground water samples collected from selected boreholes, in Crown Estate and environs, in Okada, Benin City, Nigeria. Samples were collected from selected boreholes and pH taken and immediately taken to the laboratory to investigate some selected physicochemical characteristics. The mean concentrations of metals in the water samples followed a decreasing order: Zn (0.5122mg/l) > Fe (0.4378mg/l) > Mn (0.0594mg/l) > Ni (0.0358mg/l) > Cr (0.0302mg/l) > Cu (0.3000mg/l), Pb and Cd were below detection limit. The laboratory results of all the selected physico-chemical parameters analyzed when compared with the world health organization (WHO), National Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control (NAFDAC) and Nigerian Standards for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) standards for water showed that all the selected Physicochemical parameters with the exception of iron (for NAFDAC) were within national and international standards limits for drinking water.
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Nwude, E. Chuke, and Comfort Amaka Nwude. "Board Structure and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence From Developing Economy." SAGE Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 215824402098854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020988543.
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This article undertakes an empirical investigation on how firm board characteristics relate with corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) in the banking industry of developing economies with a particular interest in Nigeria. The study focuses on a sample of 11 out of the 13 Nigerian listed national commercial banks which provide similar services and are subject to the same regulations and disclosure requirements by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) from 2007 to 2018. Multiple regression analysis was employed on panel data obtained from the banks’ audited financial statements. The findings show that board with large number of persons, low proportion of persons operating outside the bank operations, and higher percentage of feminine directors on the board support higher level of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The results of large number of persons on board and better proportion of feminine administrators support the resource dependency theory and agency theory which offer the broad theoretical underpinnings for this study. The low percentage of nonexecutive administrators negates stand of bank regulators. This implies that banks with an oversized board size, gender diversity, and less board independence are seemingly favorably disposed to improve on CSR.
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Ashibogwu, Kingsley Nze. "Internal Audit Function and Financial Statement of Insurance Companies in Nigeria." African Journal of Accounting and Financial Research 6, no. 2 (June 26, 2023): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajafr-cyvgbivg.
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The survival of any firm is predicated on the efficient functioning of the internal audit constituted by management for safeguarding of the company’s assets. It has been argued that several instances of doctored financial statements of quoted firms in Nigeria abound leading to scandals with dire consequences on investors’ confidence. The study examines the relationship existing between internal audit function and the financial performance of insurance companies in Nigeria. The study made a return on assets as a function of audit committee size, audit committee independence, audit committee financial expertise and firm size. The data culled from the financial statements of selected firms, National Insurance Commission Facts Books and the Nigerian Stock Exchange covers the period 2011-2020. Multiple regression techniques were used to explore the contemporaneous dynamics. The study finds evidence of a significant positive impact of audit committee size, audit committee independence and audit committee financial expertise on financial performance, contrary to the significant negative impact of firm size. Therefore, the paper recommended that the various elements of audit committee characteristics, which include audit committee size, independence, and financial expertise, should be strengthened to enhance financial performance in the insurance sector.
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Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Andrew Page, Kingsley E. Agho, and Fernanda Claudio. "Determinants of trends in breast-feeding indicators in Nigeria, 1999–2013." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 18 (March 18, 2015): 3287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001500052x.
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AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to examine the trends and differentials in key breast-feeding indicators in Nigeria for the period 1999–2013.DesignLongitudinal study of trends (1999–2013) in optimal feeding practices using a series of population-based Nigerian Demographic and Health Surveys. Trends in socio-economic, health service and individual characteristics associated with key breast-feeding indicators were examined using multilevel regression analyses.SettingNigeria.SubjectsChildren (n88 152) aged under 24 months (n8199 in 1999;n7620 in 2003;n33 385 in 2008;n38 948 in 2013).ResultsAmong educated mothers, there was an increase in prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding (26 % in 1999 to 30 % in 2013) and predominant breast-feeding (27 % in 1999 to 39 % in 2013) compared with mothers with no schooling. A similar increasing trend was evident for mothers from wealthier households and mothers who had a higher frequency of health service access compared with mothers from poorer households and women who reported no health service access, respectively. Mothers with no schooling predominantly breast-fed, but the odds for bottle-feeding were higher among educated mothers and women from wealthier households. The odds for early initiation of breast-feeding were lower for mothers who reported no health service contacts and mothers of lower socio-economic status.ConclusionsSignificant increasing trends in key breast-feeding indicators were evident among mothers with higher socio-economic status and mothers who had more health service access in Nigeria. Broader national and sub-national policies that underpin nursing mothers in work environments and a comprehensive community-based approach are proposed to improve feeding practices in Nigeria.
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Bashir, Mohammed Bawuro, Anthony Ndaghu Augustine, Aliyu Umar Faruk, Jamila Abdulkadir Abubakar, Mark Tikwe Kyaru, and Ishaya Peter. "Rural Farmers’ Readiness to Access Information from the National Farmers Helpline Centre, National Agriculture Extension and Research Liaison Services ABU Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 26, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v26i1.15s.
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The study investigated rural farmers’ readiness to access agricultural information from the National Farmers Helpline Centre NAERLS, ABU Zaria. The specific objectives were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of Nigerian rural farmers, identify the major agricultural information accessed by rural farmers from the National Farmers Helpline Centre and identify the various constraints faced by Nigerian rural farmers in accessing agricultural information from the National Farmers Helpline Centre. A random sampling technique was employed to select one thousand six hundred (1600) rural farmers across the six agro ecological zones from the National Farmers’ Helpline Centre Database who usually call the Farmers’ Help Line Centre of NAERLS, ABU Zaria. Percentage, and mean were used to analyse data. It was revealed that 61.2% who frequently accessed information from the National Farmers Helpline were male farmers belonging to the age group of 41 years and above (46.4%), married (75.6%) and having a household size of 6 – 10 persons (51.1%), with at least 11 – 30 years of farming experience. Thus, 45.6% of the respondents were involved in crop production while 37.5% were into animal husbandry, with the majority of them (46.9%) having acquired no form of formal education. Furthermore, the findings showed that the National Farmers Helpline Centre supplies the rural farmers with information on cultural practices (69.0%), pest and disease management (50.0%), weed management strategies (73.9%), marketing strategies (72.4%), farm tools and machineries (65.0%), seeds varieties and selection (88.9%) and information on government policies (89.0%). It was clearly identified that rural farmers are personally, Centre. Rural and urban farmers should be committed in accessing the readily available agricultural information for a productive and sustainable agricultural productivity, likewise, reliable means of information dissemination should be adopted by the National Farmers Helpline Centre so as to ensure that both rural and rural farmers benefit from the numerous agricultural information available. Infrastructural, resourcefully, mentally and managerially ready to access agricultural information from the National Farmers Helpline
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Bashir, Mohammed Bawuro, Anthony Ndaghu Augustine, Aliyu Umar Faruk, Jamila Abdulkadir Abubakar, Mark Tikwe Kyaru, and Ishaya Peter. "Rural farmers’ readiness to access information from the National Farmers Helpline Centre, National Agriculture Extension and Research Liaison Services ABU Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 26, no. 2 (May 20, 2022): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v26i2.15s.
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The study investigated rural farmers’ readiness to access agricultural information from the National Farmers Helpline Centre NAERLS, ABU Zaria. The specific objectives were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of Nigerian rural farmers, identify the major agricultural information accessed by rural farmers from the National Farmers Helpline Centre and identify the various constraints faced by Nigerian rural farmers in accessing agricultural information from the National Farmers Helpline Centre. A random sampling technique was employed to select one thousand six hundred (1600) rural farmers across the six agro ecological zones from the National Farmers’ Helpline Centre Database who usually call the Farmers’ Help Line Centre of NAERLS, ABU Zaria. Percentage, and mean were used to analyse data. It was revealed that 61.2% who frequently accessed information from the National Farmers Helpline were male farmers belonging to the age group of 41 years and above (46.4%), married (75.6%) and having a household size of 6 – 10 persons (51.1%), with at least 11 – 30 years of farming experience. Thus, 45.6% of the respondents were involved in crop production while 37.5% were into animal husbandry, with the majority of them (46.9%) having acquired no form of formal education. Furthermore, the findings showed that the National Farmers Helpline Centre supplies the rural farmers with information on cultural practices (69.0%), pest and disease management (50.0%), weed management strategies (73.9%), marketing strategies (72.4%), farm tools and machineries (65.0%), seeds varieties and selection (88.9%) and information on government policies (89.0%). It was clearly identified that rural farmers are personally, infrastructural, resourcefully, mentally and managerially ready to access agricultural information from the National Farmers Helpline Centre. Rural and urban farmers should be committed in accessing the readily available agricultural information for a productive and sustainable agricultural productivity, likewise, reliable means of information dissemination should be adopted by the National Farmers Helpline Centre so as to ensure that both rural and rural farmers benefit from the numerous agricultural information available.
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Fatiregun, Omolara Aminat A., and Nwamaka Lasebikan. "Association between patient tumour characteristics and five-year survival in Nigerian patients with breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2024): e13504-e13504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e13504.
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e13504 Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. The sociodemographic features and biological profile of breast cancer differ globally, especially in women of African descent. In Nigeria, limited studies explore the impact of these breast cancer-related factors on survival. This study evaluated the association between patients' tumour characteristics and survival in breast cancer patients in three regional tertiary cancer treatment centres across Nigeria. Methods: Data were extracted from patients' case files with a histopathologic diagnosis of breast cancer from January 1, 2005 - January 1, 2019. Patients' sociodemographic and clinical features were presented, and survival probabilities were reported; the Log-rank test was used to determine the association between time to death and categorical variables. Results: The study included 1020 patients across the three centres. Five-year survival probability was 0.65; 95% C.I: 0.60- 0.69. Most patients were between ages 30 and 49, and 49% presented with left-sided breast cancer. Patients aged>70 had significantly better survival. Only 40% had Immunohistochemistry (IHC) done, out of which HR+ breast cancer accounted for 43% while triple-negative breast cancer was 30%. Patients who received Herceptin and had molecular subtyping (immunohistochemistry) done had a higher survival probability. Conclusions: Most breast cancer patients in Nigeria present at earlier ages with advanced disease. Regardless of patient tumour characteristics, 5-year survival rates are lower than global rates. Only a few patients have access to optimal breast cancer management, molecular subtyping and targeted treatment inclusive. There is an urgent need to fund the National Cancer Control program to aid in implementing its strategic framework for breast cancer screening and management to improve access to cancer care in Nigeria.
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Matthew, Oluwatoyin, Daniel E. Ufua, Romanus Osabohien, Tomike Olawande, and Oluwatosin D. Edafe. "Addressing Unemployment challenge through micro and small enterprises (MSEs): Evidence from Nigeria." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(2).2020.08.
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This study examined the operational characteristics of MSEs and their contributions towards addressing the national challenge of unemployment. The research was based on Ado-Odo/Ota Local Government Area in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study employed descriptive analysis and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression technique in estimating the data obtained. The administration of questionnaire was applied to collect the data. The study found out that micro and small-scale enterprises contributed to economic growth through their operational activities, via the job creation in the economy. Thus, the study recommended that government policies should be put in place to encourage micro and small enterprises, and the provision of infrastructures, credit facilities, tax holidays, training program, amongst others, for MSEs. It was also recommended for funding agencies to consider the trends of practicing MSEs towards addressing critical economic and social issues such as job creation, in granting them funding facilities, in order to facilitate continuous participation in job creation among Nigerian MSEs. AcknowledgmentThe authors appreciate the Management of Covenant University for funding the publishing of this manuscript in this journal.
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I. Badiora, Adewumi. "Shaping community support for vigilantism: a Nigerian case study." Policing: An International Journal 42, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 240–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-08-2017-0101.
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PurposeIn Nigeria, vigilantism appears to be a common response to dissatisfaction about the state police in the recent time. Using survey data of residents in Lagos, Nigeria, the purpose of this paper, therefore, is to explore whether what is already known about perceptions of procedural (in) justice of state police also applies to self-help security groups in Nigeria. This is with a view to influencing community support for and satisfaction with non-state policing in the country.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a case study approach. Lagos, Nigeria was stratified into the high, medium and low densities. Systematic sampling technique was used in selecting 1 out of every 20 buildings (5 percent) in each area. Household representative person on each floor of the selected building who had contact with vigilante corps in the last 12 months were targeted. Of 768 copies of questionnaires administered, a sample of 386 was effectively returned (representing 50 percent response rate). Six categories of variables were analyzed. These are procedural justice, distributive justice, vigilante corps’ performance, legitimacy, residents’ satisfaction with vigilante corps activities and socio-economic characteristics.FindingsResults reveal that respondents are not primarily instrumental in their support for vigilantisms. Instead, their support is associated with their basic communal values. More than effectiveness in controlling crime, vigilantisms receive community support provided they use procedural justice in dealings with the public. Respondents who perceive vigilantisms use procedural justice also view them as legitimate, and as well satisfy with their activities and services. Besides, results show that support for and satisfaction with vigilantisms are associated with environmental, social and economic characteristics of the residents in the community they serve. The thesis supported in this research paper is that public support for and satisfaction with vigilantisms can be influenced significantly through policing strategies that builds legitimacy.Originality/valueVigilantism pervades contemporary policing strategies. It is supported by national crime prevention policies, according to the logic that the use of community self-help security strategies could contribute to sustainable crime prevention. This study extends research on legitimacy, with an empirical focus on Nigerian vigilantism. Understanding factors that shape public support for vigilantism may enhance safer communities.
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Babalola, Yemisi T., Rosaline O. Opeke, and Godwin ND Aja. "Determinants of the use of food product information by female workers in Nigerian state universities." Information Development 30, no. 4 (July 9, 2013): 332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666913490531.
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This study examined the influence of demographic characteristics, perception of food risks and health information literacy on the use of food product information among 561 female staff in eight State Universities in Nigeria. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that age, perceived risks and health information literacy were the factors that influence the use or non-use of food product information among the respondents. Women who are above 50 years are more likely to use food product information in consumption decisions than younger women. Furthermore, the respondents showed high perception of food risks; however, about half of them have optimistic bias towards the hazards of eating unwholesome packaged foods. The study therefore recommends that the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) embark on aggressive awareness campaigns on the health hazards associated with eating unwholesome packaged food, targeting younger female workers in Nigerian State Universities. Public health experts, librarians and other information professionals should also embark on enlightenment programmes for the public and the academic community. This study complements an earlier study which examined the use of various types of food product information in consumption of packaged foods among the same population.
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Olorundare, Solomon A. "National examinations in centralized educational systems: A blessing or a diploma disease? • A case study of the Nigerian experience." Journal of Educational Management 2 (November 1, 1999): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/jem.v2i.368.
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There is no denying the fact that examinations have been a much discussed topic within educational spheres all over the world and, especially in countries with centralized systems of education. In most countries of the world, school examinations have been known to become a major means of social mobility, prestige and promotion. Besides, examinations affect socioeconomic structures through the application of the criteria selection. This is so because, success in examinations usually determines an individual's entry into higher education and thus to professional posts. Consequently, a situation has evolved in which nation-wide examinations have been seen by some as a good educational enterprise (a blessing) whereas others have termed them as breeders of an educational diploma disease. An attempt has been made in this paper, to examine the arguments that surround the efficacies or demerits of national examinations, with particular reference to the experience of Nigeria in the area of secondary education. The evolution, characteristics and operation of national examinations as practiced in Nigeria are discussed. and arguments for any viewpoint one may hold as to the effectiveness of national examinations. it would be better to utilize them while cautiously avoiding any complete from dependence on them.
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Kuhns, Lisa M., Amy K. Johnson, Adedotun Adetunji, Kehinde M. Kuti, Robert Garofalo, Olayinka Omigbodun, Olutosin A. Awolude, et al. "Adaptation of evidence-based approaches to promote HIV testing and treatment engagement among high-risk Nigerian youth." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 6, 2021): e0258190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258190.
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Background Nigeria has the second highest number of people living with HIV (PLWH) globally, and evidence-based approaches are needed to achieve national goals to identify, treat, and reduce new infections. Youth between the ages of 15–24, including young men who have sex with men (YMSM), are disproportionately impacted by the Nigerian HIV epidemic. The purpose of this study was to inform adaptation of evidence-based peer navigation and mHealth approaches (social media outreach to promote HIV testing; short messaging service text message reminders to promote HIV treatment engagement) to the local context within iCARE Nigeria, a multi-phase study designed to investigate combination interventions to promote HIV testing and care engagement among youth in Nigeria. Methods To elicit expert and community perspectives, a local group of advisors from academia, community, and governmental sectors provided feedback on intervention adaptation, which then informed a series of focus groups with stakeholders in Ibadan, Nigeria. Focus group data were collected over a period of three days in December of 2018. Participants in focus groups included YMSM and HIV-positive youth in care ages 16–24, and HIV service providers from local AIDS service organizations (ASO). Groups were stratified by HIV serostatus, gender, and stakeholder type. Focus group sessions were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a content analysis approach. Results Local experts recommended intervention adaptations specific to the status of peer navigators as volunteers, peer characteristics (slightly older age, high maturity level, HIV/YMSM status), and intervention characteristics and resources (low navigator to peer ratio; flexible matching by demographic and social characteristics; social media platforms and content). Five focus group discussions with stakeholders, including 27 participants were conducted to elicit feedback on these and other potential adaptations. Youth participants (n = 21) were mean age 20 years (range = 16–24); 76% HIV-positive, 76% men and 48% MSM. Service providers (n = 6) represented both HIV prevention and care services. Participants across stratified subgroups reported largely positive perceptions and high perceived acceptability of both mHealth and peer navigation strategies, and echoed the recommendations of the advisory group for volunteer-based navigators to promote altruism, with a low navigator-peer ratio (1:5). Participants emphasized the need to incorporate minimal mobile data use strategies and popular social media platforms among YMSM (e.g., Facebook, Grindr) for widespread access and reach of the interventions. Conclusions In Ibadan, Nigeria, stakeholders support the adaptation of combined mHealth and peer navigation strategies to promote HIV testing and care engagement among high-risk youth. Recommended adaptations for the local context reflect concerns about the feasibility and sustainability of the intervention and are expected to improve accessibility and acceptability.
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Friday Osagiede, Emmanuel, Patrick Oyibo, and Ese Tracy Osagiede. "Seasonal Malaria Chemo-Prevention Strategy: A Cross-Sectional Study of Healthcare Workers in Public Primary Healthcare Facilities in Edo State, Nigeria." Texila International Journal of Public Health 11, no. 4 (December 29, 2023): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.11.04.art010.
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Malaria infection is one of the most significant public health problems and the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Pregnant women and under-five (U5) children are particularly at risk in areas where malaria is endemic. The U5 children account for about 80% of all malaria-related deaths. This study aims to assess the adherence to the national guidelines for administering seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) in U5 children by healthcare workers (HCWs) working in public Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities in Edo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design was employed to assess the sociodemographic characteristics, awareness, and prescription of chemo-preventive therapy for the U5 by 200 HCWs in public PHC facilities in Edo State, with the aid of the researcher-designed pretested, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential data analyses were carried out using the IBM SPSS version 20 software. All p-values had two tails and were deemed statistically significant if < 0.05. The majority of HCWs (71.5%) did not adhere to the national guideline for using chemo-preventive treatment for malaria in children, and there was a statistically significant relationship between many sociodemographic factors and compliance. The length of the HCW’s work (in years) was a critical indicator of compliance with the recommendation. In conclusion, the use of malaria chemo-preventive treatment in accordance with the Nigerian malaria diagnosis and treatment guidelines is being practiced ineffectively by HCWs in public PHCs in Edo State. A longer period of employment (in years) predicts a better practice. Keywords: Implementation, Nigeria, Primary healthcare (PHC), Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), Under-five children.
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Denis, Michael Jude. "Nigeria: Failed State and the State of the Nation." JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND LEADERSHIP RESEARCH 9, no. 1 (September 26, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/jpslr.v9.no1.2023.pg1.9.
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Every failed or collapsed state in the world has a history. Such history is often laden with indices of practices abhorred in other progressive and relatively peaceful states. Nigeria has become infamous for her retarded growth when placed side by side with other developing countries. The reasons for these are not in the blues rather are seen in the day to day activities of an average Nigerian not to mention the seeming institutionalization of decadence in the political structure and polity. This article is anchored on the elite theory so as to plausibly explain this precarious situation. The methodology employed is mainly the analysis of secondary data from journals, literature and documentaries, while also carrying out relevant empirical review. Findings revealed that Nigeria as an entity has experienced in good measure and at a very high rate the characteristics of a failed state some of which include lack of adequate security, corruption, human rights violation, lack of development, weak governance, poor administration, enduring social tensions, violent conflicts, ruins or memories of a civil war, lack of respect for rule of law and loss of legitimacy. The study recommends among others that there should be National Action Plan to guide development strategies, reformation of electoral laws, respect for rule of law, public participation in decision making and a fiscal federalism.
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Agha, Sohail, Drew Bernard, Sarah Francis, Aslam Fareed, and Ifeanyi Nsofor. "Determinants of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Acceptance among Caregivers in Nigeria: A Fogg Behavior Model-Based Approach." Vaccines 12, no. 1 (January 13, 2024): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010084.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake among adolescent girls is critical to reducing the burden of HPV-related cancers in Nigeria. This study assesses the factors influencing caregivers’ acceptance of HPV vaccination for their charges, using the Fogg Behavior Model (FBM) as a theoretical framework. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 1429 caregivers of girls aged 9–17 in six Nigerian states, using a survey instrument based on the FBM. Participants were recruited via Facebook and Instagram advertisements and interviewed through Facebook Messenger in August and September 2023. The study received ethical clearance from Nigeria’s National Health Research Ethics Committee. We applied bivariate and multivariate analyses to assess the relationships between the caregiver’s perception of how likely their adolescent girl was to get vaccinated in the next 12 months and motivation, ability, social factors (such as discussions with family and friends), injunctive norms, previous COVID-19 vaccination, and respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics. Adjusted odds ratios derived from logistic regression analyses revealed that caregivers’ motivation and ability, as well as social factors, were significantly associated with their perception that the adolescent girl in their care would get vaccinated within the next 12 months. Our findings suggest that behavioral interventions tailored to enhance motivation, ability, and social support among caregivers could significantly increase HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent girls in Nigeria.
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Adegboye, Alex, Stephen Ojeka, Kofo Adegboye, Emmanuel Ebuzor, and Dayo Samson. "FIRM PERFORMANCE AND CONDENSED CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MECHANISM: EVIDENCE OF NIGERIAN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS." Business: Theory and Practice 20 (October 29, 2019): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2019.38.
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This paper extends the prior studies on corporate performance by empirically exploring the impact of overall corporate governance structure on firm performance. To unveil the objective of this study, firstly corporate governance index is built using Principal Component Analysis with 6 (six) identified corporate governance mechanisms from prior studies and then examines its effect on firms’ performance. This study draws a sample of twenty-four (24) financial companies from the listed financial institutions in Nigeria for the period of 2013–2017. The formulated hypotheses are tested by employing static panel data estimators that are Fixed effect and Random Effect Regression. The results reveal that while controlling for firms’ characteristics, constructed corporate governance indicator has a significant and negative influence on the firm performance measured by Return on Asset and Return on Equity. This finding supports that larger board, larger board committees and significant executive involvement have a detrimental influence on the performance of firms. The result implies a weak corporate governance structure is detrimental to higher financial performance amidst the weak institutions characterized in Nigeria context. That is, weaker corporate governance exhibits lower financial performance. This study then recommends that the corporate governance structure in Nigeria listed firms should be review with the intention to enhance the firm performance. Furthermore, it encourages the regulatory agencies like Central Bank of Nigeria, National Insurance Commission and Securities and Exchange Commission, to monitor the compliance of the listed firms to good governance endeavour.
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Adebisi, Tajudeen, and Taiwo Olatunji. "Sociodemographics and Psychosocial Experiences of Distance Learners in Nigeria: A Comparison of Single-mode and Dual-mode Universities." Journal of Open, Flexible and Distance Learning 26, no. 1 (July 31, 2022): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.61468/jofdl.v26i1.513.
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The study explored the psychosocial experience of distance learners at the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) and the Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) in Ile-Ife. Psychosocial experience refers to the aggregate outcome of events and feelings that define or affect a person’s knowledge and perception of their prevailing social environment. The study adopted mixed-methods phenomenology research design. We deployed multiphase mixed-method sampling involving a quota sampling technique to select 182 respondents, and a purposive sampling technique to select eight interviewees selected from the initial respondents—four students from each of NOUN and OAU. Two researcher-designed instruments—a questionnaire and an in-depth interview guide—were deployed for data collection. The collected data were analysed with frequency counts, percentage analysis, and phenomenological analysis. Analysis of their sociodemographic characteristics showed that the profile of the students at the dual-mode university (OAU) reflects characteristics of conventional distance learners more than does the profile of the students at the single-mode university (NOUN). Distance learners at NOUN and OAU had both similar and different psychosocial experience. Their experience was largely positive—only 14% and 12.3% of NOUN and OAU students (respectively) had considered dropping out. Factors affecting learners’ experience in both institutions included personal motivation, the flexibility and cost-effectiveness of distance learning, insufficiency of facilitator-led tutorials (at NOUN), and difficulties due to work and family responsibilities (at OAU). The study concluded that Nigerian distance learners possess the requisite psychosocial capacity to negotiate meaning and acquire knowledge in single-mode or dual-mode institutions.
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Holmes, Benjamin, Yuhong Zhou, Ruta Brazauskas, Kirsten M. Beyer, Emmanuel Ameh, Oluwole Olaomi, and Laura Cassidy. "Geospatial analysis of mortality risk from road traffic crashes in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria." Traffic Safety Research 4 (June 30, 2023): 000032. http://dx.doi.org/10.55329/zpni5260.
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The objective of the study was to present a novel analytical approach using Nigerian trauma registry data to determine risks and of road traffic crash-related mortality for patients treated at National Trauma Centre, Abuja. Patient characteristics were compared between those who died at the hospital (n = 118) and those who survived (n = 2018). Multiple logistic regression and cluster analyses were used to identify risks of mortality and of high mortality and injury rates. The patient’s status as pedestrian (p < .0001), and whether the crash occurred on an expressway or transition zone between expressways and local roads (p = 0.0045) were significantly associated with mortality. Cluster analysis further isolated significant of mortality rate (Moran’s I = 0.31), pedestrian injury rate (Moran’s I = 0.34), and expressway/transition zone injury rate (Moran’s I = 0.18). For patients who survived to hospitalization at National Hospital Abuja, pedestrians involved in a crash and those whose crashes occurred on expressways/transition zones were at higher risk of mortality. High mortality and pedestrian and expressway/transition zone injury rates isolated to five contiguous administrative wards in Abuja. These analysis methods can be applied to determine risks and hotspots of crashes, injuries, and mortality in various settings.
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Chinedu Obiorah, Christopher, Ewurum Uchechi Azuoma, and Inimgba Nestor Mininyo. "KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF CANCER SCREENING AMONG DOCTORS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PORT HARCOURT TEACHING HOSPITAL." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 04 (April 30, 2023): 1250–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/16788.
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Background:The number of working doctors in Nigeria has continued to drop owing to increasing cancer related morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of cancer screening among doctors at theUniversity of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria. Methodology: Structured questionnaire with closed and open ended questions were randomly distributed to Resident doctors and Consultants at UPTH. Respondents socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitude and practice of cancer screening were assessed. Data was analyzed using the IBM statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results:Of the216respondents - 62.5% were Residents while 37.5% were Honorary Consultants peak age range was31-40 years with 46.3%. Males constituted 51.9% while females constituted 48.1%. Forty-four percent had spent 1-5 years in their current positions. Knowledge of canceramong the respondents was good as 83.3% of the doctors choose the option that cancer is an uncontrollable abnormal cell growth while 95.8% responded that there was no age restriction to cancer.While78.3% would seek immediate treatment if diagnosed with cancer,82.4% favored cancer screening. Poor practice of cancer screening was observed with 58.3% reporting they have never been screened for any type of cancers. Notably, 89.8% of them reported that the Government was not doing enough for cancer patients in the country. Conclusion:The study demonstrated good knowledge of cancer screening, positive attitude towards screening but poor practice of cancer screening by practicing specialist doctors in UPTH. Given the influence of doctors in the large society, introspection among doctors and initiation of effective advocacy programs by umbrella bodies like the Nigerian Medical Association, Medical and Dental Consultants of Nigeria, National Association of Resident Doctors and Medical Women Association is imperative in order to improve the acceptance and practice of cancer screening among doctors and reduce the burden of cancer mortality being recorded among doctors and other health care professionals.
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Osazevbaru, Henry Osahon. "Chief Executive Officer Duality, Nationality and Firms’ Growth Opportunities." Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/ajssms.v9i2.3962.
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Corporate governance mechanisms highlight the invaluable role of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in the affairs of an organization. The nexus between CEO characteristics and firm performance is not mute in the literature and mixed findings have also been presented. This study deviates from previous studies by focusing on the impact of CEO attributes on growth opportunities of the firm. Accordingly, this paper analysed duality and nationality of CEO on firms’ growth opportunities against the backdrop of national culture and societal values. To this end, secondary data of 76 non-financial firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group from 2010- 2019 were analyzed. Various diagnostic tests for panel data unit root were conducted. The result of the robust panel data analysis revealed that both CEO duality and nationality have negative but insignificant relationship with firms’ growth opportunities. Clearly, the CEO attributes examined do not wield significant influence in diminishing growth opportunities.
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Oyadokun, J. O., O. O. Odunjo, and F. L. Amao. "An Evaluation of Factors Affecting Architecture Students Performance in Building Structure in Southwestern Nigerian Public Universities." British Journal of Education 11, no. 14 (November 15, 2023): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bje.2013/vol11n143445.
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Building structure courses are compulsory courses in the study of Architecture as application of the knowledge obtained is necessary for building design stability. As important as these courses is, the performance of the students is observed to be generally low. There are many factors that are responsible for this low performance in the courses and this has not been adequately investigated. This study therefore evaluates the factors affecting academic performance of Architecture students in Building structure courses in Southwestern Nigerian public Universities, with a view to proffer solution to this problem and improving on students’ performance in the courses. Quantitative research approach was adopted. Five factors were selected namely: Students background characteristics, teaching style, learning style, classroom environment and structure curriculum. The study employed multistage sampling procedure. Five public universities approved by the National Universities Commission and Architects Registration Council of Nigeria namely: FUTA, LAUTECH, OAU, UNILAG and OOU were purposively selected and sampled. A total of 702 questionnaires were administered to all the pre-final and final year students in the Department of Architecture of the sampled universities, while only 541 questionnaires were adequately completed and considered fit for analysis. Cross tabulation with chi-square was used to summarize the data. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the itemize factors on students’ performances. The study revealed that there was a strong relationship between the level of students’ performance in the courses and the five selected factors combined. It was also revealed that the factor that affected students most was teaching styles. The study concluded that the performance in Building structure courses rests on teaching and learning styles, therefore, when a better performance in courses is desired, a strong priority should be given to the quality of teaching and learning, the two are inseparable.
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Anyika, Emmanuel N. "Regulatory uncertainties in the pharmaceutical sector: Perceptions among Nigerian pharmacists and policy implications for decision making." Journal of Hospital Administration 5, no. 3 (March 6, 2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v5n3p48.
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Regulatory uncertainty (RU) is a component of general environmental uncertainties. Perceived regulatory uncertainties by Nigerian Pharmacists and policy implications were assessed using a questionnaire of 13-item inventory, self-administered to pharmacists in a captive situation during the Annual National Conference of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria in November 2014. Participants were given the context of RU to avoid ambiguity and improve the quality of response. Six items addressed pharmacists’ knowledge of impact of regulatory uncertainties in pharmacy practice; three addressed social regulation and policy issues in the pharmaceutical sector, three dealt with perceived policy implications, while one item was on demographic characteristics. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the results. A total of 507 pharmacists comprising: 42 (8.28%), 316 (62.33%), 37 (7.30%), 86 (16.96%) and 26 (5.13%) pharmacists in the industry, community, government (technocrats), hospital and academia respectively, completed the questionnaires. Vast majority (98%, 92% respectively) indicated that inadequate legislative control would increase business risk and that RU within professional body could cause varied enforcement decisions. A total of 95% were aware of the involvement of other stakeholders in pharmacy practice. Majority (73%) indicated correctly that an increase in RU would cause a decrease in predictability of law enforcement as well as a negative effect on the stimulation of investment in the pharmaceutical sector. Also a high majority recognized the role of politics on the outcomes in pharmaceutical sector. A high percentage (92.5%) recognized that collaborative approach to policy making, and implementation would reduce acrimony and cost of social regulation, and increase the benefits of essential products. Some responses did not reflect in-depth understanding of the influence of RU on investment decisions and policy implications in Nigeria. These prompt the need to educate pharmacists on regulatory issues, the adaptation of policy options, market dynamics, and their stake in the complex pharmaceutical sector to enable them achieve greater control on the management of uncertainty. Structures, systems and strategies should be matched with political and financial resources, and policy guidelines to achieve laudable health outcomes. Models of relationships for achieving best regulatory practices are presented.
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Oshikoya, Kazeem Adeola, Ibrahim Abayomi Ogunyinka, Comfort Kunak Ogar, Abiodun Abiola, Ali Ibrahim, and Ibrahim Adekunle Oreagba. "Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions manifesting as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis reported to the national pharmacovigilance center in Nigeria: a database review from 2004 to 2017." Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 11 (January 2020): 204209862090599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042098620905998.
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Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). There is scant literature on the characteristics and causes of these conditions among the Nigerian population. Here, we describe the epidemiology, associated morbidity and mortality, and culpable drugs in SJS and TEN cases using the National Pharmacovigilance (NPC) database in Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective review of the NPC database was done to analyze SJS and TEN cases reported over a period of 14 years. Annual reports, age and sex of patients, type of reporter, suspects and concomitant drugs, time to onset (TTO) of the reactions, and outcome of SJS and TEN were evaluated. Results: The NPC received a total of 24,015 adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports. SJS and TEN accounted for 284 (0.1%) of the total reports, of which 254 (89.4%) were SJS and the remainder were TEN. Females ( n = 184, 64.8%) and individuals aged 19–40 years ( n = 181, 63.7%) were the most affected by SJS and TEN. Antiretrovirals, followed by antibiotics, were the most common drug classes reported to cause SJS and TEN, with nevirapine ( n = 174, 40.7%) and co-trimoxazole ( n = 143, 33.5%) being the most widely implicated drugs. Among patients with reported outcomes, 73 (28.7%) SJS and 3 (10.0%) TEN cases recovered without sequelae, at the time of reporting. Severity of the SCAR was reported for only 171 (69.0%) cases, of which 12 (4.7%) and 8 (26.7%) resulted in death (Grade 5) among SJS and TEN cases, respectively. Conclusions: Antiretroviral and antibiotics were the commonly reported offending group of drugs for SJS and TEN cases. Nevirapine and co-trimoxazole were the commonly reported suspect drugs. SJS and TEN were reported most frequently in females and in patients aged 19–40 years, indicating that drug surveillance and counseling in these groups of patients may be beneficial.
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Joshua, Orji. "Effect of Processing Method on Carotenoid Profiles of Oils from Three Varieties of Nigerian Palm Oil (Elaise guinensis)." International Journal of Natural Sciences 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijns.1745.
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Purpose: This study assessed the effect of processing method on the carotenoid profile of oil from three varieties of the Nigerian oil palm fruits (elaise guinensis). Specific varieties of the elaise guinensis, which are the dura, pesifera and tenera were obtained from National Institute for oil palm research (NIFOR) in Edo state.
Methodology: The samples were divided into two and processed in two different methods as commonly practiced in the East, the hot and cold processes. The oil extracted from each of the process was then analyzed for oil characteristics using standard analytical methods while the carotenoid profile was analyze using HPLC C21 column. The results generated were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Findings: The results of carotenoid constituent indentified include: lutein, neurosporene (trans), neurosporene (cis), α-Zeacarotene(cis), α-Zeacarotene(trans), phytoene, phytofluene, β-zeacarotene, 13 and 13’ cis α-carotene, 13 cis β-carotene, trans α-carotene, 9 cis α-carotene, trans β-carotene, αcarotene a(cis), α-carotene b(cis), α-carotene (trans), γ-carotene (trans), γ-carotene b(cis), lycopene (cis) and lycopene (trans). The results of physicochemical characteristics of the oil samples extracted range from 0.9220.004 - 0.9160.001 for specific gravity (SG), 8.100.17 - 4.880.04 mg KOH/g for acid value, 4.290.02 - 2.440.02 % for free fatty acid value (FFA), 6.000.21 to 204.670.98 mgKOH/g for saponification value and 9.530.23 - 5.250.33 mEq/kg; for peroxide value while the carotenoids values were between 53.735±0.10 and 123.389± 0.20 mg/100g.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: From the result we can observe that the main constituent of the palm oil carotenoid is the β -carotene which makes up to about 80% of the total carotene. Statistical analysis revealed that no significant difference exists between the mean of each of the processing method on the carotenoid profile of the oil sample analyzed.
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Yinka-Ogunleye, Adesola, Mahmood Dalhat, Afolabi Akinpelu, Olusola Aruna, Fatima Garba, Adama Ahmad, Adesola Adeleye, et al. "Mpox (monkeypox) risk and mortality associated with HIV infection: a national case–control study in Nigeria." BMJ Global Health 8, no. 11 (November 2023): e013126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013126.
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IntroductionRecent outbreaks of mpox are characterised by changes in the natural history of the disease, the demographic and clinical characteristics of the cases, and widening geographical distribution. We investigated the role of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) coinfection among cases in the re-emergence of mpox to inform national and global response.MethodsWe conducted a national descriptive and case–control study on cases in the 2017–2019 Nigerian mpox outbreak. Mpox cases were age, sex and geographical area matched each with two randomly selected controls from a representative national HIV/AIDS survey. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association between HIV infection and the risk of mpox acquisition and death.ResultsAmong 204 suspected mpox cases, 86 were confirmed (median age 31 years (IQR 27–38 years), mostly males (61 cases, 70.9%). Three-fifths of mpox cases had serological evidence of one or more STIs with 27.9% (24/86) coinfected with HIV. The case fatality rate was 9.4% (8/86) and 20.8% (5/24) overall and in HIV positive cases respectively. Mpox cases were more likely to have HIV coinfection compared with an age, gender and geography-matched control group drawn from the general population (OR 45 (95% CI 6.1 to 333.5, p=0.002) and when compared with non mpox rash cases (7.29 (95% CI 2.6 to 20.5, p<0.0001)). HIV coinfection and young age were associated with mortality among mpox cases (aOR 13.66 (95% CI 1.88 to 98.95, p=0.010) and aOR 0.90 (0.82–0.97, p=0.008), respectively).ConclusionHIV infection was associated with a higher risk of contracting and dying from mpox. Children are also at high risk of death. STIs in mpox cases may be suggestive of high-risk sexual behaviours among these individuals.
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Ibrahim, Adamkolo Mohammed, Balarabe Maikaba, and Suleiman Mainasara Yar’Adua. "Understanding the Rudiments of Media Research Methodology: Content Analysis of Daily Trust, a Nigerian Daily Newspaper." Studies in Media and Communication 7, no. 2 (September 8, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v7i2.4385.
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Newspaper journalism is a vast area of research that has gained much attention from academics and media industry. Because of the immense contribution of media to social, economic, political and cultural development to societies, understanding the links and impacts of media and media content on audiences and the polity has been stressed. Democracy has been shown to be a means to an end, and public opinion and participation are invariably shown to affect and be affected by democracy and media content. By its unique characteristics (private ownership, less state influence, greater independence, ability to criticize the state, etc.) newspaper has been shown to influence government and public agenda and set agenda for broadcast and online media. One of the popular methodological approaches adopted in media agenda-setting research is content analysis. Based on the Agenda-Setting theory, this paper employed a quantitative content analysis approach to provide an understanding about the content of Daily Trust newspaper (a Nigerian national daily) in order to provide some guidance on the practical skills and theoretical knowledge about content analysis both as a methodology and theoretical framework for the benefits of postgraduate media content analysis students and researchers. The findings showed that pictures, headlines and news stories were the dominant units of analysis while politics (democracy, governance and party politics) religion and crisis (ethno-religious crises issues surrounding the herdsmen-farmers conflict) were the dominant content categories. Daily Trust newspaper should continue embracing development and peace journalism trend of journalism.
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EZEKWE, A. G., and T. M. KAMALU. "AGE AND BODY WEIGHT AT PUBERTY IN MUTURU HEIFERS UNDER DIFFERENT FEEDING REGIMES." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 27 (January 3, 2021): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v27i.1554.
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Age and body weight at puberty were studied in two groups of Mutun helfen aged 4 to 7 months and comprising 13 heifers in each group. Group 1 heifers received nutritional supplementation et lating of a mixture of dry brewer's spent porin and palm kernel cake in a ratio of 1:1 addition to normal grazing. Group 1 theifers were grazed without any supplementation. From the age of 10 months and tasting for a period of 6 months, blood samples were collected twice weekly from each heifer via the jugular vein into heparinized Vacutabner tubes. Samples were centrifuged within 30 minutes of collection and the plasma stored frozen until assayed for progesterone using coat-2-count solid phase 125, radioimmunoassay kits. Body weights of all heifers were also recorded bi-weekly during the experimental period. Puberty was assumed to have occurred in any heifer when plasma progesterone values reached/exceeded i mg/ml. Results showed that Group 1 heifers were significantly younger (P< 0.01) at puberty than Group II heifers (12.25 + 0.20 months vs. 14.60+1.67 months) but their body weights did not differ significantly (90.50+ 1.82 kg & 85.20+ 0.87 kg for Groups I and II heifers, respectively). These results show that under improved feeding, puberty in Muturu heifers could be attained relatively at an early age. the first oestrus in the young female, is due to ovarian changes which are in turn controlled by complex endocrinological events. In the Mutury bull, Ezekwe (1992) observed that under improved husbandry and nutritional conditions, puberty was attained at an early age of 11 months and a body weight of 87 kg. The study also revealed that Muturu bulls could be used for breeding from the age of 15 months. Studies on female reproduction of indigenous Nigerian Cattle breed have concentrated largely on zebu (Bos indicus) cattle (Johnson and Gambo, 1979, Zakari et al., 1981; Oyedipe et al., 1982; Dawuda et al., 1989). There is thus a dearth of inforination on the reproductive characteristics such as puberty of indigenous Nigerian non-zebu cattle like the Muturu. The Muturu, which is the most widely distributed indigenous non-zebu cattle in the southeastern states of Nigeria, has a population of 42,000 out of an estimated total national population of 177,000. The Mutunu is highly tolerant to trypanosomiasis and is also well adapted to the hot humid conditions prevalent in the southern rainforest areas. Despite these obvious advantages, the Muturu is considered an endangered breed because of its rapidly declining numbers (Adeniyi, 1984). The need to document important aspects of its reproductive characteristics is therefore impelling. This study was thus undertaken to determine the age and body weight at which Muturu heifers attain puberty under improved husbandry and management conditions.
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Leibel, L. Leigh, Runcie C. W. Chidebe, Chinonso Ipiankama, Duygu Altinok Dindar, Aviane Auguste, Agha A. Agha, Ashish Shrestha, Batuhan Kisakol, and Darlingtina Esiaka. "Step up to health, Nigeria! utilizing information from abuja's world cancer day walks for equity-based cancer prevention interventions." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e22508-e22508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e22508.
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e22508 Background: Abuja, Nigeria’s annual World Cancer Day Walk (WCDW) is a tool for promoting public awareness of cancer risk factors, preventative lifestyle strategies, and the importance of early screening as critical elements of prevention and control. The day includes physical activities (walk, race, ride, skate, cycle, marathon), as well as health education and free breast cancer, cervical, and prostate screenings. The effectiveness of the event to attract the most vulnerable Nigerian populations has not been studied. Aim: To determine the social-demographic characteristics of participants and evaluate the impact of outreach campaigns. Methods: Approximately 2,000 Nigerians attended Abuja WCDW on February 1, 2020. A similar number attended Abuja WCDW on February 5, 2022. Trained research assistants recruited participants to complete a one-sheet questionnaire that assessed basic demographic, social, and lifestyle information. Participants were given informed consent. In 2020, 237 (11%) participants, aged 18-68 years voluntarily completed survey (ClinicalTrials #NCT04248881). In 2022, 111 (6%), aged 17-74 years voluntarily completed survey (ClinicalTrials #NCT05239325). Note: In 2021, Abuja WCDW was canceled due to COVID. Results: In 2020, the mean age for participants was 28; SD 7.71. Sixty-eight percent were women. Eighty-seven percent had at least an undergraduate education. Of the 237 participants, 65% reported that they attended to obtain free cancer screening. More than 50% reported they had no health insurance. Of those insured, more had National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) than private insurance. The average body mass index (BMI) was between 24-28; BMI was highest among the mid-20 age group. Lifestyle data revealed more men than women were concerned with their health; those with health worries were more likely to have had cancer screening at the event. The 2022 WCDW data were being analyzed at the time of abstract submission; findings will be presented at the meeting. Analysis: Data from 2020 revealed participants are predominately associated with a lower risk of developing cancer. They have higher levels of knowledge about cancer and lifestyle/health-related behaviors beneficial for early detection and prevention. WCDW is a great avenue for cancer awareness/lifestyle prevention interventions yet there is an urgent need to evaluate efficacy of current outreach to target underserved members of Nigerian population: those with lower levels of education, unemployed, lower income, and without insurance. Conclusions: Attendees in 2020 are younger people of higher socioeconomic status with lifestyle practices that could reduce cancer risk. If our 2022 data are similar, we must elaborate better strategies to reach populations at greater risk and encourage them to attend future events to have more impactful lifestyle/prevention outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT05239325.
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Leibel, L. Leigh, Runcie C. W. Chidebe, Chinonso Ipiankama, Duygu Altinok Dindar, Aviane Auguste, Agha A. Agha, Ashish Shrestha, Batuhan Kisakol, and Darlingtina Esiaka. "Step up to health, Nigeria! utilizing information from abuja's world cancer day walks for equity-based cancer prevention interventions." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e22508-e22508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e22508.
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e22508 Background: Abuja, Nigeria’s annual World Cancer Day Walk (WCDW) is a tool for promoting public awareness of cancer risk factors, preventative lifestyle strategies, and the importance of early screening as critical elements of prevention and control. The day includes physical activities (walk, race, ride, skate, cycle, marathon), as well as health education and free breast cancer, cervical, and prostate screenings. The effectiveness of the event to attract the most vulnerable Nigerian populations has not been studied. Aim: To determine the social-demographic characteristics of participants and evaluate the impact of outreach campaigns. Methods: Approximately 2,000 Nigerians attended Abuja WCDW on February 1, 2020. A similar number attended Abuja WCDW on February 5, 2022. Trained research assistants recruited participants to complete a one-sheet questionnaire that assessed basic demographic, social, and lifestyle information. Participants were given informed consent. In 2020, 237 (11%) participants, aged 18-68 years voluntarily completed survey (ClinicalTrials #NCT04248881). In 2022, 111 (6%), aged 17-74 years voluntarily completed survey (ClinicalTrials #NCT05239325). Note: In 2021, Abuja WCDW was canceled due to COVID. Results: In 2020, the mean age for participants was 28; SD 7.71. Sixty-eight percent were women. Eighty-seven percent had at least an undergraduate education. Of the 237 participants, 65% reported that they attended to obtain free cancer screening. More than 50% reported they had no health insurance. Of those insured, more had National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) than private insurance. The average body mass index (BMI) was between 24-28; BMI was highest among the mid-20 age group. Lifestyle data revealed more men than women were concerned with their health; those with health worries were more likely to have had cancer screening at the event. The 2022 WCDW data were being analyzed at the time of abstract submission; findings will be presented at the meeting. Analysis: Data from 2020 revealed participants are predominately associated with a lower risk of developing cancer. They have higher levels of knowledge about cancer and lifestyle/health-related behaviors beneficial for early detection and prevention. WCDW is a great avenue for cancer awareness/lifestyle prevention interventions yet there is an urgent need to evaluate efficacy of current outreach to target underserved members of Nigerian population: those with lower levels of education, unemployed, lower income, and without insurance. Conclusions: Attendees in 2020 are younger people of higher socioeconomic status with lifestyle practices that could reduce cancer risk. If our 2022 data are similar, we must elaborate better strategies to reach populations at greater risk and encourage them to attend future events to have more impactful lifestyle/prevention outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT05239325.
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Abdu, A., I. Rabiu, and A. L. Usman. "Effect of Child Labour on Children’s Education in Katsina State, Nigeria." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 4 (July 10, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020-0042.
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Child Labour has become devilishly ubiquitous with negative implications on Nigerian child’s development. Unfortunately, most researches concentrated on child labour issues at national level while little exists in literature at state level particularly Katsina. The study investigated effect of child labour on children’s education in Katsina State using descriptive survey design. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 216 child labourers from three senatorial districts of Katsina States. Structured interview schedule was used to collect data on respondents’ socio-economic characteristics, involvement in child labour, causes and effect. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analysing data. Level of child labour in the State was high. Poverty, lack of uniform, books and problem of transportation fare were push factors. Majority perceived effect of child labour on education to be unfavourable. Being too fatigued for school work and to read, constrained enrolment in school, inability to recall learned experience and dropped out, lack of appraisal ability and disruption of school attendance were major effects. Significant correlation existed between level of involvement in child labour, causes and perceived effects on education. Family type and mother’s occupation showed significant relationship with effect. Causes of child labour involvement were major determinants of effect. Result provided support to show that level of child labour involvement was worrisomely high. Total free and compulsory primary and secondary education in the state should be taken serious and sanctions mated to parents who may attempt to deny their children schooling opportunity.
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Bakare, K. A. "UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA: HISTORY, ETHICS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE." Journal of Education and Practice 5, no. 2 (August 2, 2021): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jep.629.
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Purpose: This paper is an exploratory work focusing on university administration in practice. The study interrogates ethics and practice of university administration in Nigeria, vis-à-vis service-delivery. It captures and exemplifies the nature and elements of university administration as experienced in the contemporary Nigerian polity, making references to aspects of industrial and organizational psychology, human factor psychology, and others, in the context of diverse interrelationships between theory and practice. It reverts to antecedents of administrative practice, tracing the primal formation of organizational styles to the colonial era in British tropical dependencies, and deftly concludes that the contemporary administrative policies were direct derivatives from the political culture of the colonial masters who sought to enforce “law and order” and through a self-imposed dual mandate sophistry. It concludes by drawing attention to observed infractions in the contemporary practice, and emphasized on the need to upgrade ethics, practice and corporate governance. Contributions on the socio-politics of corporate practice in Nigerian universities is paltry, and more research could be initiated in this area to complement our effort.
Methodology: The research design is descriptive, focusing on answering the how, what, when and where, (i.e. in addition to why) thus, providing rooms for examination of historical evidences, theoretical relevance and practical algorithms. The study used qualitative research method to properly describe the research problem and analyzed the problem based on observed characteristics, behaviours and reactions. The researcher being an active participant in the system, used the instruments of interactive sessions, seminars, workshops and interviews.
The study was carried out among a cross-section of administrative class who are employees in renowned government-run public universities in Nigeria and are being governed by the same regulations under the jurisdiction of the National Universities Commission and the Federal Government of Nigeria.The target population of the work are the academic administrators, the professional administrators, as well as scholars of educational studies in HEIs. A survey is conducted to validate our stance on compromised standards, and to posit measures that re-assert good practice, using the qualitative research method to succinctly describe the research problem by observing the dialectical nuances of the work environment and drawing far-reaching conclusions on the contemporary state of management and administration in our universities. The research is hinged on social exchange theory (SET) which overtly describes the relationship between an organization and its employees in a social context (Blau, 1964; Molm and Cook, 1995; Azim, 2016), while at the same time, extending the social interface description to the individual level to describe relationships between supervisors and subordinates in a leader-member exchange (LMX theory) background (Manzoni and Barsoux, 2002).
Results: The study revealed that ethics and corporate culture have become compromised due to decades of abstruse practices, and that there was the need to urgently revamp work ethics, re-align values and re-orient practice in order to catch up with the meteoric speed of the global space. The nuances and intricacies involved in creating and maintaining standards, and the necessity of recreating a virile work culture is incontestable, not forgetting that our colonial antecedent also provided a skewed background for the practice.
Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: It was recommended that negatives like excessive bureaucracy should be jettisoned, and open-door policies should displace shoehorned policies of government. Our universities should be nurtured and encouraged to self-regulate, while modern management technique should be entrenched in the system. In order to be able to effectively deliver on their triadic mandates of teaching, research and community services, the workforce in the universities should be adequately motivated and a strong reward system should be put in place to galvanize excellence. The National Policy of Education should be constantly reviewed in tandem with new-age realities, while aggressive digitization should be introduced to simplify operations, reduce stress, and maximize service-delivery.
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Abbey, Mkpe, Kinikanwo I. Green, Roseline Iheagwam, and Chris Akani. "Risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in the puerperium in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 4343. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20214626.
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Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the puerperium. Unfortunately in Nigerian tertiary institutions, there is paucity of information about its risk factors, screening for it, and its prophylaxis. The aim of the study therefore was to review the VTE risk and thromboprophylaxis in the puerperium at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study carried out at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). The following data were extracted from the notes of 424 consecutive inpatients postnatal women who delivered from the 1st of January to the 30th of April 2020: history/demographic characteristics, risk factors for VTE using the RCOG Green top guideline No. 37a.of 2015 as a benchmark, thromboprophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of VTE. Women with a VTE event in the preceding 4 months before pregnancy were excluded. Data was analysed using a statistical package for social science (SPSS) software, version 18.Results: Risk assessment for VTE and its prophylaxis in the puerperium were not routine practice at the UPTH. 420 (99.06%) out of the total 424 postpartum women that were assessed were at significant risk of developing VTE and therefore needed to be on thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin. Irrespective of the high prevalence of risk factors and the fact that 100 (23.58%) of the patients had symptoms and signs of VTE, no case of VTE was recorded in the study population. Paucity of information and lack of knowledge about the diseases may be responsible for that.Conclusions: 420 (99.06%) out of the total 424 puerperal women were at significant risk of developing VTE and therefore needed to be on thromboprophylaxis in the puerperium. It was therefore recommended that a national guideline on VTE in the puerperium be written, taking into consideration local disease topography, ethnic diversity and the level of economic development in Nigeria.
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Badiora, Adewumi Israel, and Richard Abayomi Aborisade. "INSECURITY AND TERRORISTS’ THREATS OF ATTACKS ON SELECTED NIGERIAN CITIES: IMPLICATIONS ON LAGOS RESIDENTS’ CONCERNS FOR SAFETY AND THE CITY SECURITY PLANNING." UCC Law Journal 3, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 112–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/ucclj.v3i2.1361.
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Terrorism is common but limited to certain towns in Nigeria. However, the nomenclature seems to be changing as security intelligence has it that terrorist groups are planning attacks targeting Lagos, and other notable cities. This study therefore examines concerns for safety among residents and implications on individual and city-level security planning in Lagos. The official wards as demarcated by the Independent National Electoral Commission represent clusters from which at least a respondent was randomly selected. The study’s respondents were selected from 49 (one of every five wards {20%}) wards out of 245 wards in Lagos. In the selected wards, at least two respondents were randomly selected. A total of 288 residents participated in the survey, but, only 134 respondents accurately completed the questionnaire used in this analysis, representing a 58.7% response rate. Results show that 78% of the respondents were concerned about their safety while some 90% took precaution by avoiding certain places and activities. Findings show significant relations between awareness of the planned attacks, concerns for safety, and precautionary behaviour among respondents. Besides, results show that respondents’ socio-economic characteristics, neighbourhood environmental design, and past crime victimisation mediate concerns for safety and security behaviour. The study concludes that the emergence of this security intelligence in the public domain has further contributed to the increasing fear and residents’ mobility change. The study recommends among others policing strategies, a new urbanism, where urban planning and design strategies are applied to make attacks more difficult to carry out in soft spaces and places.
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Joy, Jideofor Nnennaya, Michah Chukwuemeka Okafor, and Josephine Adanma Nmesirionye. "Impact of Public Capital Expenditure on Economy Growth of Nigeria." Journal of Asian Multicultural Research for Economy and Management Study 2, no. 4 (October 22, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47616/jamrems.v2i4.173.
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The research investigates the relationship between governmental capital spending and economic development in Nigeria. Several issues of the Central Bank of Nigeria's statistics bulletin were used in the research, which yielded a large amount of data. The data was submitted to a unit root test, which was performed using the Augmented Dickey fuller (ADF) method, in order to determine its time series characteristics. The variables' socioeconomic characteristics were obtained via the use of descriptive statistics. Because of the varying order of integration seen in the unit root, cointegration and regression analysis were carried out utilizing the ARDL- Autoregressive Distributed Lag method, which is an acronym for Autoregressive Distributed Lag. The results show that public capital investment has a negative and statistically significant (tcal = -2.6996) impact on the Nigerian economy, as assessed by the GDP growth rate, according to the data. The results demonstrate that when capital expenditures in Nigeria get the attention they deserve, they have the potential to contribute to economic development in the country. This research recommends that the government manage capital spending in an appropriate manner in order to enhance the nation's productive capacity and accelerate economic development in light of the results.
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Nwajiobi-Princewill, P., N. Medugu, M. Gobel, A. Aigbe, A. Versporten, I. Pauwels, H. Goossens, and K. C. Iregbu. "Using longitudinal antibiotic point prevalence survey (PPS) to drive antimicrobial stewardship programmes in a Nigerian tertiary hospital." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 22, no. 2 (April 8, 2021): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v22i2.22.
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Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) provides a means of tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Unfortunately, in Nigeria, like in some other low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), AMS practice has been lacklustre due to poor institutional support amongst other factors. Efforts were made to address this situation by engaging with the management of National Hospital Abuja, Nigeria, using antibiotic prescription information obtained through repeated point prevalence survey.Methodology: Two rounds of antibiotic PPS were conducted in 2015 and 2017 using the Global Point Prevalence Survey (G-PPS) format. Data were collected from all inpatients receiving antibiotics on the selected day of study, including patient characteristics, antimicrobial prescription details, laboratory results and information on a set of quality indicators. The data were uploaded to an online G-PPS application hosted at the University of Antwerp in Belgium for validation, analysis and reporting.Results: The PPS data showed that hospital-wide antibiotic use prevalence increased from 58% in 2015 to 61% in 2017. Surgical prophylaxis beyond 24 hours also increased from 88-90% in 2015 to 100% in 2017, and only minority of therapies were supported by laboratory input for diagnosis and monitoring; 22% in 2015 and 5% in 2017.Conclusion: These results were used for evidence-based engagement with the management to formally support AMS activities in the hospital. Positive outcomes were the formal reconstitution and inauguration of AMS committee in 2018 as well as the issuance of a formal policy statement by the hospital in 2020. The ease and free availability of Global PPS methodology makes it ideal in driving antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) in LMICs like Nigeria.
Keywords: Antibiotic stewardship checklist, institutional support, point
French Title: Utilisation d'une enquête longitudinale sur la prévalence ponctuelle des antibiotiques (PPS) pour conduire des programmes de gestion des antimicrobiens dans un hôpital tertiaire nigérian
Contexte: La gestion des antimicrobiens (AMS) offre un moyen de lutter contre la résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM). Malheureusement, au Nigéria, comme dans certains autres pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire (PRFI), la pratique de la MGS a été médiocre en raison d'un soutien institutionnel insuffisant, entre autres facteurs. Des Longitudinal PPS for AMS programmes efforts ont été faits pour remédier à cette situation en collaborant avec la direction de l'hôpital national d'Abuja, au Nigéria, en utilisant les informations sur les prescriptions d'antibiotiques obtenues grâce à une enquête ponctuelle répétée de prévalence.Méthodologie: Deux séries d'antibiotiques PPS ont été menées en 2015 et 2017 en utilisant le format Global Point Prevalence Survey (G-PPS). Des données ont été recueillies auprès de tous les patients hospitalisés recevant des antibiotiques le jour sélectionné de l'étude, y compris les caractéristiques des patients, les détails de la prescription d'antimicrobiens, les résultats de laboratoire et les informations sur un ensemble d'indicateurs de qualité. Les données ont été téléchargées sur une application en ligne G-PPS hébergée à l'Université d'Anvers en Belgique à des fins de validation, d'analyse et rapports.Résultats: Les données PPS ont montré que la prévalence de l'utilisation d'antibiotiques à l'échelle de l'hôpital est passée de 58% en 2015 à 61% en 2017. La prophylaxie chirurgicale au-delà de 24 heures est également passée de 88 à 90% en 2015 à 100% en 2017, et seule une minorité de thérapies a été soutenue par entrée de laboratoire pour le diagnostic et la surveillance; 22% en 2015 et 5% en 2017.Conclusion: Ces résultats ont été utilisés pour un engagement fondé sur des données probantes avec la direction afin de soutenir officiellement les activités AMS à l'hôpital. Les résultats positifs ont été la reconstitution formelle et l'inauguration du comité AMS en 2018 ainsi que la publication d'une déclaration de politique formelle par l'hôpital en 2020. La facilité et la disponibilité gratuite de la méthodologie Global PPS la rend idéale pour conduire le programme de gestion des antimicrobiens (ASP) en PRFI comme le Nigéria.
Mots clés: liste de contrôle pour la gestion des antibiotiques, soutien institutionnel, enquête ponctuelle de prévalence, déclaration de politique prevalence survey, policy statement
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Anetekhai, Martins A., Olusegun O. Whenu, Oluwayemisi A. Osodein, and Abdsomad O. Fasasi. "Beach seine fisheries in Badagry, Lagos State, South West, Nigeria." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 11 (2018): 815–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.051118.
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Beach seine fisheries in Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria, was studied. Focused group discussion, observation and interview sessions were used to collect data on gear description, catch composition, socio-economic characteristics, livelihood parameters, fish species, productivity and other fishing inputs. Surveyed beach seine net had mean length of 301.76 m +/- 17.82 m while the depth of the wing and at the centre measured 2.80 m +/- 0.14 m and 4.02 m +/- 0.22 m, respectively. The mean of the frequency of operation for the fishing companies was highest in April (22.20 +/- 1.49) and the lowest in September (13.20 +/- 0.86). The moon fish (Carangidae), croaker fish (Scianidae) and spadefish (Eppiphidae) families represented more than half of the daily landings. The mean monthly catch recorded for the companies ranged from minimum of 644.50 kg +/- 98.72 kg to maximum of 754.03 kg +/- 123.523 kg from April to September with the market price for fish (in Nigerian Naira N) that ranged from N3.18 to N15.91 per basin and recorded highest biannual mean income of N780.72 +/- N67.00. 20% of the respondents were aged between 21 and 30 years followed by 37% of those aged between 31 to 40 years while 29% were aged between 41 to 50 years and 12% were between 51 to 60 years old. Only 2% were above 61 years of age which shows the years of experience of the fisher folks. Of the total 50 respondents, 94% were found to be males while 6% were females. Larger proportions of the fisher folks (36%) were single, 56% were married and 8% were divorced. The distribution of level of education shows that about 21% of the fishermen, who were involved in beach seine fisheries, had no formal education, while 40% had primary education, 34% had secondary education and only 5% had tertiary education. The coastal artisanal fishery is still able to absorb a little more effort and capacity to enable production meet up with the potential yield. It is however essential in the national interest that there should be a clear understanding of fishing capacity development on capital, labour and fish resources, both in the short and long term.
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Calistus Obiora Nevo, Ifeanyi Johnson Onyekpa, Joseph Tochukwu Enebe, Celestine Chukwudi Obiora, Perpetua Kelechi Enyinna, Ifeanyichukwu Jude Ofor, Chidimma Akudo Omeke, et al. "Prevalence of HIV Sero-conversion and associated risk factors among antenatal clinic attendees in Enugu state university of science and technology teaching hospital, Enugu Nigeria." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 1123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.2.1268.
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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women of reproductive age and it is a major contributor to maternal, infant and child morbidity and mortality. Globally, in 2015, an estimated, 78 million people had become infected with HIV while 35 million people had died from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-related illness since the start of the epidemic. In Nigeria, a national HIV prevalence rate of 3.4% was reported in 2012 with 1.3% in Enugu State. HIV retesting is a WHO recommendation that was adopted by Nigerian her national guideline. The essence of antenatal HIV retesting includes the identification of pregnant women who were first tested during their window periods and subsequently sero-converted, and those who acquired new HIV infection after their initial screening test given the fact that a single HIV testing may not be enough to diagnose HIV with findings of high rates of incident HIV infection during pregnancy and at the post-partum periods. It has been shown that the rate of MTCT was higher from sero-converting women compared with women with already established HIV infection. Hence, this study which gave a clue to the rate of HIV sero-conversion among our antenatal women which may possibly popularize the concept of retesting especially among these women. Aim: To determine the prevalence of HIV sero-conversion and the associated risk factors among previously sero-negative antenatal clinic attendees in Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital, (ESUTTH). Methods: This was a prospective, cohort study involving 415 sero-negative HIV women recruited from antenatal clinic in ESUTH from January to April, 2019 and followed up for 12 weeks. Information on their socio-demographic characteristics, pregnancy history, sexual lifestyle, and clinical profile were obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. HIV tests were done at booking and repeated after 12 weeks using the Rapid Diagnostic Test kits by the parallel algorithm format. Data was analyzed with the IBM SPSS version 23.0. Measures of associations were determined with the Chi-Square test and binary logistic regression. P-value < 0.05 was assessed as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 29.44±4.91SD years with a range of 16-43 years. Majority of them were married (397; 95.7%) and had post-secondary education (321; 77.3%). The incidence of HIV sero-conversion was 1.0%. Less than 35 years of age, being single, tobacco use, multiple sexual partners in pregnancy and knowledge of partners’ HIV status were significantly associated with HIV sero-conversion (p < 0.05). However, none of these factors was a significant predictor following logistic regression. Conclusion: The rate of HIV sero-conversion in pregnancy is of public health importance in Enugu and obligatory repeat testing, especially among women with these identified associated risk factors is therefore advised to forestall the menace of HIV to the child and the society at large.
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Omoronyia, Ogban E. "Three-Frames Approach to Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Quasi-Experimental Educational Intervention among Civil Servants in Calabar, Nigeria." Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine 03 (2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/rabm.2017.03.460868.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have continued to be a leading cause of death among adults. Civil servants constitute vital workforce, and high CVD burden in this group has implications for national productivity. Unfortunately, guided cardiovascular health education interventions are uncommon. This study assessed the effect of an educational intervention on knowledge and practice of CVD prevention among Nigerian civil servants. Quasi-experimental study design was employed among subjects in distant communities in Cross River State. Multistage technique was used to recruit 172 subjects into one control group (Ogoja) and two intervention groups (Calabar and Ikom). The first intervention group received 4-h daily, 5-day cardiovascular health education, with emphasis on burden, risk factors, and preventive measures including nutrition, stress, alcohol, medicals, exercise, and smoking. The second intervention group received the same content of education, but with the use of Food, Rest for stress management, Alcohol, Medicals, Exercise, and Smoking (FRAMES) as guide for delivery. Questionnaires were used to assess knowledge and practice at baseline and post-intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Knowledge scores and practice of CVD prevention were compared between study groups using inferential statistics. Mean age was 46.3 ± 7.4 years, and no significant difference in sociodemographic characteristics was observed by comparing the study groups (p > 0.05). Baseline knowledge and practice of preventive measures were generally poor, and no significant difference was observed by comparing the groups (p > 0.05). At 12 weeks post-intervention, knowledge of CVD was higher in the intervention groups compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Unlike control group, both intervention groups had improvement in physical exercise, medical screening, and fruit consumption (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in postintervention knowledge and practice of CVD prevention by comparing both intervention groups (p > 0.05). For effective delivery of cardiovascular health education, the use of “FRAMES” is as effective as its nonuse. Further studies in other settings are recommended.
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Agidi, Dr Pally Ejime. "Nigeria as the Poverty Headquarters of the World: Implications for Her National Development and Relationship with External World." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. X (2023): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.701038.
Full textAbstract:
Nigeria is an African country located on the Gulf of Guinea with many landmarks and wildlife reserves. She is blessed with arable land, natural resources and human capital. Before independence in 1960, Nigeria depended on Agriculture as her mainstay. She was exporting agricultural products and feeding her citizens from agriculture which also provided employment for a large number of her populations. However, when crude oil was discovered in Nigeria in the late 1950s, Nigeria began to earn high revenue from crude oil which became her major source of earning foreign exchange. Nigeria began to neglect agriculture and its products as areas of revenue earning, making her mono-economy in nature. The citizens became uninterested in engaging in agriculture for employment. Steady increase in the populations especially in the urban areas outrageously led to continuous rise in poverty of the citizens in Nigeria. This situation continues to slow down her developmental efforts and also affects her relationship with the external world. This occasioned the reasons why Nigeria is being described as the poverty headquarters of the world. This has provoked several questions on how Nigeria that is supposed to be the giant of Africa, found herself in the present situation of being the poverty headquarters of the World. This study therefore investigated Nigeria as the poverty headquarters of the world and its implications for her national development and relationship with external World, focusing on the concept of poverty, National development, the indices of a poor nation and the characteristics of Nigeria economy. The study is a qualitative research that relied on secondary source of data and anchored on dependency theory as its theoretical framework of analysis. The study revealed that the poverty nature of Nigeria as a nation has overbearing implications for her national development and her relationship with the external world. The paper therefore recommended that Nigeria should strategically reduce corruption to the barest minimum and initiate good policies that can reduce poverty in the long- run. There is need for effective monitoring of public finances and diversification of economic activities from mono-resource economy so as to create opportunities of empowerment for Nigerians.