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Journal articles on the topic 'Nigerian new town development'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Swindell, K., and A. B. Mamman. "Land expropriation and accumulation in the Sokoto periphery, Northwest Nigeria 1976–86." Africa 60, no. 2 (April 1990): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160331.

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Opening ParagraphIn 1976, Sokoto became the capital of the newly created Sokoto State, one of nineteen comprising Federal Nigeria. This caliphal city and former colonial provincial town subsequently experienced an exponential growth of population from some 80,000 to around 200,000 by 1980. The city expanded physically into the surrounding countryside and new buildings and infrastructures absorbed large areas of farmland, and encircled several villages. This urban advance into the countryside was exacerbated by the fact that it took place within a densely populated area of annual upland cultivation, dissected by tracts of dry-season irrigated floodland. Not surprisingly, access and rights to farmland have become highly charged and sensitive issues. The peripheries and hinterlands of many Nigerian towns have become arenas of conflict and change, where state expropriation and private accumulation have dispossessed and impoverished rural people. The state has taken over land for institutional use or agricultural development projects, while urban and rural capital have accumulated land for speculative building on the edges of cities and for farming within the surrounding countryside. The increased numbers of landless and, more important, the land-poor constitute new kinds and degrees of rural poverty.

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2

Oruonye, E. D., and E. Bange. "Challenges of Water Resource Development and Management in Zing Town, Taraba State, Nigeria." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 4, no. 1 (July 11, 2015): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v4i1.5136.

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This study examined the challenges of water resource development and management in Zing town,Taraba State, Nigeria. The study considered issues of sources of water supply in Zing town, the nature of water challenges, impacts of the water challenges on the socio-economic life of the people, water management strategies and prospect of urban water resource development in the study area. 110 questionnaires were systematically administered in ten streets that were purposively selected in Zing town. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of the finding indicates that majority (45.5%) of the respondent have their water source from borehole, 18.2% streams, 18.2% hand dug wells and 9.1% from other sources (mostly water vendors). The study shows that 68.2% of the respondents had their water point located outside their households, while only 31.8% claimed to have their water sources located within their compounds (this is mostly hand dug wells). The nature of water challenge in the area ranges from severe (50%), not severe (27.3%) and normal (22.7%). The results also shows that only 34% of respondents claimed to have access to sufficient water daily, while 66% of the respondents hardly have access to sufficient water on daily basis. The study shows that the water management strategy adopted mostly by the respondent ranges from storing water in large container (48.2%), reduce water use (29.1%), increase amount spent on water (13.6%) and others 9.1% (mainly re-use of water). The prospect of water resource development in the study area is very bright with the proposal of a small earth dam in Monkin settlement by the Federal Government of Nigeria. The Monkin small earth dam which is meant to generate 500KW of electricity can be integrated into an urban water supply project in the area. This will assure more reliable water supply all year round. It will also help to overcome some of the challenges of servicing the hand pumps which rendered them inadequate when they break down. This study recommends the need to replace the old and obsolete borehole equipment with new ones and increase the number of boreholes to meet the increasing water demand in the area.

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Oruonye, E. D., and E. Bange. "Challenges of Water Resource Development and Management in Zing Town, Taraba State, Nigeria." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN HUMANITIES 4, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jah.v4i1.445.

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This study examined the challenges of water resource development and management in Zing town,Taraba State, Nigeria. The study considered issues of sources of water supply in Zing town, the nature of water challenges, impacts of the water challenges on the socio-economic life of the people, water management strategies and prospect of urban water resource development in the study area. 110 questionnaires were systematically administered in ten streets that were purposively selected in Zing town. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of the finding indicates that majority (45.5%) of the respondent have their water source from borehole, 18.2% streams, 18.2% hand dug wells and 9.1% from other sources (mostly water vendors). The study shows that 68.2% of the respondents had their water point located outside their households, while only 31.8% claimed to have their water sources located within their compounds (this is mostly hand dug wells). The nature of water challenge in the area ranges from severe (50%), not severe (27.3%) and normal (22.7%). The results also shows that only 34% of respondents claimed to have access to sufficient water daily, while 66% of the respondents hardly have access to sufficient water on daily basis. The study shows that the water management strategy adopted mostly by the respondent ranges from storing water in large container (48.2%), reduce water use (29.1%), increase amount spent on water (13.6%) and others 9.1% (mainly re-use of water). The prospect of water resource development in the study area is very bright with the proposal of a small earth dam in Monkin settlement by the Federal Government of Nigeria. The Monkin small earth dam which is meant to generate 500KW of electricity can be integrated into an urban water supply project in the area. This will assure more reliable water supply all year round. It will also help to overcome some of the challenges of servicing the hand pumps which rendered them inadequate when they break down. This study recommends the need to replace the old and obsolete borehole equipment with new ones and increase the number of boreholes to meet the increasing water demand in the area.

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4

Sagay, I. E. "The Dawn of Legal Acculturation in Nigeria—A Significant Development in Law and National Integration: Olowu V. Olowu." Journal of African Law 30, no. 2 (1986): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300006550.

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The recent decision of the Supreme Court inAdeniyi Olowu &Ors. v.Olabowale Olowu & Anorto the effect that a person belonging originally to one ethnic group can by a process involving time, association, marriage, personal wishes and manner of life, become assimilated into and thereby legally acquire the status of another ethnic group, is of great significance. For it breaks new ground, gives legal backing to the promotion of social and national integration and establishes very clearly for the benefit of legal philosophers and theoreticians, that courts in fact make law.Previously, it was believed that no Nigerian could legally change his ethnic group. The prevailing attitude was “once an Ibo, always an Ibo ”, irrespective of the fact that the family of the propositus had settled amongst the Yorubas of Oyo town seven generations previously. The settler family would retain links with its “motherland” no matter how tenuous. The dead of the family would still be conveyed “home” for burial. Even if the settler family wanted to join the ethnic group of the host community, the host community would not allow them to forget that they were strangers. Thus in spite of inter-marriages and other social interaction between the settler family and the host community, the distinction and original identity of the settler family would be retained.What applies to individual settler families also applies with more force to settler communities. They retain their original cultural and ethnic identity, generations after settling in the midst of another ethnic group.

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Elnur, Ibrahim. "The Second Boat of Africa’s New Diaspora: Looking at the Other Side of the Global Divide with an Emphasis on Sudan." African Issues 30, no. 1 (2002): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500006284.

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“Even if you cannot relocate to Nigeria immediately, visit home to see in which way you can lend a hand in rebuilding the country,” said Nigeria’s first lady Stella Obasanjo, on a recent visit to Cape Town, South Africa.“My dad thought I was crazy for coming back,” said Osifo with a hearty laugh. “People are looking for ways to get out.”“Why are you coming back?” (Singer 2001).The processes of globalization have accelerated the exodus of the highly skilled from the collapsing modernization project. This article suggests that the flight of the educated elite is linked to the relative strength of the nation-state and both the length and intensity of internal conflicts. It is also suggested that the “skills exodus” may represent a major disruption in the political and social development of Africa, leading to further marginalization and affecting Africa’s capacity to revive development or envision an alternative development path. The emphasis is on Sudan’s unprecedented massive skills exodus during the past three decades, suggesting that this one case is extremely relevant to the rest of the continent, given the country’s favorable situation at the time of its independence in 1956.

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Arabomen, O. J., P. W. Chirwa, and F. D. Babalola. "Willingness-to-pay for Environmental Services Provided By Trees in Core and Fringe Areas of Benin City, Nigeria 1." International Forestry Review 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554819825863717.

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Economic valuation of environmental services has emerged as a new and more direct argument and incentive for protection of trees and sustenance of environmental quality. This study's aim was to estimate the monetary value for conservation of urban trees and environmental services in Benin City, Nigeria. A Contingent Valuation Method involving a survey of 350 residents was adopted for the study. Flooding and erosion control, scenic beauty, provision of shade and regulation of local temperature received positive rankings and high scores. Thus, an average of US$1.20/month, which yielded an aggregate value of US$1 200 000 to US$1 860 00, was the amount Benin City residents were willing to contribute towards the conservation of trees. This study identified profession, years of residency and indigenous knowledge of ES as significant predictors that can influence willingness-to-pay. The findings provided quantitative data to demonstrate the importance of conserving trees to town planners, forest managers, policy makers and the urban community.

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Emodi, Angela I., Chinyelu I. Nwokolo, and Joy A. Obiorah. "Training needs of melon (citrillus colocynthis (l.) schrad) farmers in Okigwe Agricultural Zones of Imo state, Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 24, no. 4 (October 28, 2020): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i4.7.

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This study ascertained training needs of melon farmers in Imo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 100 melon farmers from 10 town communities in the selected rural households. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and analysed using percentage and mean scores. Results from the study showed that the farmers training need in melon production among others were: sourcing of credit facilities ( x̄ =3.65), appropriate market information ( x̄ =3.58) and sourcing and training on fertilizer application ( x̄ =3.50). The main channel of communication among farmers was sales agents (hawkers) and marketers of melon products ( x̄ = 3.06). The major constraints to melon production were inadequate fund ( x̄ = 3.24), poor sales/ pricing system ( x̄ =3.15), low shelf life of processed melon products ( x̄ =3.11). Extension outfits should disseminate information and educate farmers on credit facilities, appropriate market and training on new techniques of how to cultivate melon in and out of season. Keywords: Households, agricultural extension, melon production

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8

Faleye, Olukayode A. "Regional integration from “below” in West Africa: A study of transboundary town-twinning of Idiroko (Nigeria) and Igolo (Benin)." Regions and Cohesion 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2016.060301.

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[Full article is in English]English: This article examines the phenomenon of town-twinning between Idiroko (Nigeria) and Igolo (Benin). While transboundary town twinning is the integration of settlements across distinct state territories—an emerging pattern of borderland urban evolution—this seems to be a new impact of the colonially determined borders in West Africa. Despite the challenges posed by the partition of West African culture areas, town twinning has more recently turned into an established form of regional integration based on a “bottom-up” rather than “top-down” approach in the region. Using qualitative methodology based on descriptive analysis of oral interviews, government records, geographical data, as well as diverse literature, this paper uncovers the role of “borderlanders” in negotiating borders through increased non-state transnational sociospatial cooperation and networking. Apart from altering the traditional state-centric territoriality, this new development may entail broader economic and socio-political implications in the region.Spanish: Este artículo examina el hermanamiento de las ciudades de Idiroko (Nigeria) e Igolo (Benin). Mientras que el hermanamiento de ciudades transfronterizas es la integración de asentamientos más allá de los distintos territorios estatales—un patrón emergente en la evolución urbana de las regiones fronterizas—esto parece ser un nuevo impacto en las fronteras colonizadas en África Occidental. A pesar de los retos de la división cultural en África Occidental, el hermanamiento de ciudades se ha convertido recientemente en una forma de integración regional con enfoque “de abajo hacia arriba” más que “de arriba hacia abajo.” Empleando una metodología cualitativa basada en un análisis de entrevistas orales, archivos gubernamentales, datos geográfi cos y una literatura diversa, este artículo revela el rol de las regiones fronterizas en negociaciones transfronterizas de cooperación y de formación de redes socio-espaciales no estatales. Además de alterar la territorialidad tradicional centrada en el estado, este nuevo desarrollo puede generar implicaciones económicas y socio-políticas más amplias en la región.French: Cet article examine le phénomène des villes jumelles d’Idiroko (Nigéria) et d’Igloo (Bénin). Alors que les villes jumelles transfrontalières sont le résultat de l’intégration d’implantations au-delà de territoires étatiques distincts -un schéma émergeant d’évolution urbaine en région frontalière-, ce cas semble être un nouvel impact des frontières déterminées par la colonisation en Afrique de l’Est. Malgré les défi s posés par la partition des aires culturelles de l’Afrique de l’Est, les villes jumelles se sont converties plus récemment en une forme établie d’intégration régionale fondée sur une approche régionale de bas en haut plutôt que de haut en bas. À partir de l’’usage d’une méthodologie qualitative basée sur une analyse descriptive d’entretiens, d’archives gouvernementales, de données géographiques ainsi que sur une littérature diverse, cet article met à jour le rôle des régions frontalières dans la négociation des frontières à travers la coopération et la formation de réseaux socio-spatiaux trans nationaux non étatiques. En plus de modifier la territorialité traditionnelle centrée sur l’État, ce fait nouveau peut entraîner des implications économiques et socio-politiques plus larges dans la région.

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Dapo-Asaju, Harriet Seun, and Oludayo John Bamgbose. "Accessing SDG Information in Nigeria: the Place of Collaboration." Legal Information Management 19, no. 3 (September 2019): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669619000434.

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AbstractWith the adoption of the new 17 SMART Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), access to government information becomes essential for these goals to be realised. This view was corroborated by IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions) at its 2015 Cape Town Declaration. In Nigeria, the drastic reduction in the revenue accruable to the government following the sharp decline in the price of crude oil and the subsequent impact on the nation's economy have made it imperative for citizens of the country to insist on transparency and accountability regarding the activities of the government. Otherwise, the SDGs could end up like the much-talked-about MDGs (Millennium Development Goals) whose records were unimpressive despite the oil boom of that era. Public libraries could serve as useful channels for providing government information to citizens. However, their managers lack the necessary technical skills. This article considers how public libraries in Nigeria could provide access to government information for its users. This study is based on existing literature, international binding documents and observations, as well as drawing on the wealth of experience of the researchers themselves and their interactions with public librarians. It is recommended that the scope of the curricula of library schools in Nigeria be broadened to include the mandatory teaching of management of government information to budding librarians. Also, there should be collaboration between public librarians and law librarians. Such collaboration would help provide more access to government information for the citizens of Nigeria. Law librarians could also benefit from the collaboration and devise better skills to help improve their services to users.

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10

Bastian, Misty L. "‘The Daughter she will Eat Agousie in the World of the Spirits’ Witchcraft Confessions in Missionised Onitsha, Nigeria." Africa 72, no. 1 (February 2002): 84–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2002.72.1.84.

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AbstractThis article deals with witchcraft, missionisation, domestic slavery and social life on the emerging colonial ‘frontier’ of Onitsha, Nigeria, during the last years of the nineteenth century. The analysis centres on the confession of an accused witch and former domestic slave in the Waterside area of the town. It uses the document as a springboard for a larger discussion of the intersecting lives of Africans and Europeans in this marginal location at a moment when social relations there were undergoing radical transformation. By addressing such a text, taken down verbatim at the time of the confession, the author argues, we can gain a privileged insight into women's unofficial (and even prohibited) religious practice as well as the everyday lives of persons—notably female domestic slaves—who ordinarily receive little notice in the African colonial record. From Okuwan's confession we also learn something about how the increasing flows of commodities and new forms of colonial authority along this mercantile border were changing (and possibly devaluing) African women's labour as well as their religious power.

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11

Morton-Williams, Peter. "A Yoruba woman remembers servitude in a palace of Dahomey, in the reigns of Kings Glele and Behanzin." Africa 63, no. 1 (January 1993): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161300.

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AbstractA Yoruba woman in the Ketu-Yoruba town of Meko, in western Nigeria, gave an interview in January 1951 to the anthropologists William R. Bascom and Paul Mercier, in which she talked of her time in Dahomey as a servant in Simboji palace, some sixty years earlier. The conversation was written down by the author of this article and is offered to mark the centenary of the destruction of Abomey in 1992. She had served two mistresses, both of the same high rank. The first had committed suicide on the death of Glele, and the other she had served throughout the reign of Behanzin, during the defence against the French campaign led by General Dodds and the time of refuge in the north of the kingdom until the king's surrender. She had seen the king shut in a cage before his exile, when she had returned home. She gave new information about the ranking of royal wives, how they were ordered in groups, and the cries announcing their approach when out of the palace. The article ends with notes identifying places mentioned, matching Fon and Yoruba names, and relating her story to published accounts of events.

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Liu, Shaonan. "China Town in Lagos: Chinese Migration and the Nigerian State Since the 1990s." Journal of Asian and African Studies 54, no. 6 (April 25, 2019): 783–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619845015.

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This paper delves into the rise and decline of Lagos’ China Town and its role as a locus of interactions between Chinese migrants and the Nigerian state. I argue that the rise and fall of Chinese private investment in Lagos’ China Town is explained by the Nigerian state’s adjustment to its own entry into the global market. While some Nigerian government officials formed a shared interest of community with Chinese traders via allowing smuggling and grey customs clearance, others frequently raided China Town in the name of protecting local industries. I also argue that Nigerian traders’ and consumers’ perspectives on substandard made-in-China products differed sharply from those of the Nigerian state and manufacturers.

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Chow, C. K. "Hong Kong New Town Development." HKIE Transactions 4, no. 2-3 (January 1997): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023697x.1997.10667718.

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Tan, Xuewen. "New-Town Policy and Development in China." Chinese Economy 43, no. 3 (May 2010): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ces1097-1475430304.

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Grieco, M. S. "Corby: New Town planning and imbalanced development." Regional Studies 19, no. 1 (February 1985): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595238500185021.

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16

Andela, Gerrie, and Koos Bosma. "Lelystad—A new town." Netherlands Journal of Housing and Environmental Research 2, no. 2 (June 1987): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02497937.

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Berg-Nordlie, Mikkel. "New in town. Small-town media discourses on immigrants and immigration." Journal of Rural Studies 64 (November 2018): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.05.007.

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Coulon, Christian, Rosalind I. J. Hackett, Wendy James, and Douglas H. Johnson. "Religion in Calabar: The Religious Life and History of a Nigerian Town." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 26, no. 1 (1992): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485412.

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BUTLER, DR, and RA MCKITTRICK. "DEVELOPMENT OF TUEN MUN NEW TOWN, HONG KONG." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 86, no. 4 (August 1989): 603–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1989.2625.

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20

Ramanathan, Sri. "PALMERSTON—A MAJOR BREAKTHROUGH IN NEW TOWN DEVELOPMENT." Australian Planner 23, no. 3 (September 1985): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.1985.9657266.

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Li, Jie, and L. H. Rebecca Chiu. "Urban investment and development corporations, new town development and China’s local state restructuring – the case of Songjiang new town, Shanghai." Urban Geography 39, no. 5 (September 27, 2017): 687–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2017.1382308.

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Spaans, Hans. "When a New Town ceases to be a new town: the case of Almere." URBAN DESIGN International 2, no. 1 (March 1997): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/udi.1997.2.

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Lin, Nan. "Hubei New Town Planning System Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1621.

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This paper expounds the necessity of urbanization development, from cultural, traffic location, water resources three aspects summarized the Hubei province regional characteristics, combined with the existing problems in the development of Hubei urbanization, discusses the urban planning system, including the layout optimization, strengthen the function, ecological construction, enhance the connotation of the city, put forward ideas about future development mode.

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Ogbemudia, Imhanrenialena Benedict, Obi-Anike Happiness Ozioma, Okafor Chikodili Nkiru, and Ike Ruby Nneka. "Potential for indigenous communication systems to improve financial literacy: evidence from Nigeria." Enterprise Development and Microfinance 32, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.20-00014.

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The low level of education and lack of electricity hinder dissemination of financial literacy information in rural communities. To address this problem, this study investigated the roles of the indigenous communication system in closing the gaps in dissemination of financial literacy information among Nigerian rural farmers. It was found that the use of indigenous language in formal financial service literacy campaigns has a significant association with dissemination of formal financial service literacy information to rural farmers. Second, contrary to our earlier expectations, no significant association was found between community leaders and the dissemination of formal financial service literacy information to rural farmers. Third, town-criers’ participation in formal financial service literacy campaigns has a positive significant impact on the dissemination of formal financial service literacy information to rural farmers. The researchers conclude that financial authorities should encourage indigenous language and town-criers in the dissemination of financial literacy information to rural famers.

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SUZUKI, Takeshi, Hirokazu OHTA, Yasuhiro TANAKA, and Shigeki MATSUBARA. "DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY PICTURE POSTCARD FOR SENRI NEW TOWN." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 19, no. 41 (2013): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.19.261.

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Kim, Min Kyoung, and Seo Ryeung Ju. "The Characteristics of New Town Development in Hanoi, Vietnam." Journal of the Korean Housing Association 29, no. 3 (June 25, 2018): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.6107/jkha.2018.29.3.055.

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Constandse, A. K. "Almere: A new town in development: problems and perspectives." Netherlands Journal of Housing and Environmental Research 4, no. 3 (September 1989): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02503319.

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Liu, Tong, Soo-Won Eum, and Kwang-Seong Lee. "A Case Study of Shenyang’s New Town Development Policy." Korea Real Estate Society 60 (June 30, 2021): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37407/kres.2021.39.2.57.

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van Criekinge, Jan. "Historisch Overzicht van de Spoorwegen in West-Afrika." Afrika Focus 5, no. 3-4 (January 15, 1989): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0050304003.

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Historical Survey of the Railway Development in West Africa The present day railway system in West Africa is the result of the transport-policy developed by the colonial powers (France, Great Britain and Germany) at the end of the 19th century. It is remarkable that no network of railways, like in Southern Africa, was brought about. The colonial railways in West Africa were built by the State or by a joint-stock company within the borders of one colony to export the raw materials from the production centres to the harbours. Nevertheless railways were built for more than economical grounds only, in West Africa they had to accomplish a strategic and military role by “opening Africa for the European civilization”. Hargreaves calls railways the “heralds of new imperialism” and Baumgart speaks of the own dynamics of the railways, to push the European colonial powers further into Africa ... The construction of a railway needed a very high capital investment and the European capitalists wouldn’t like to take risks in areas that were not yet “pacified”. It is remarkable how many projects to build a Transcontinental railway right across the Sahara desert largely remained on paper. Precisely because such plans did not materialize, however, the motive force they provided to such imperialist actions as political-territorial annexations can be traced all the more clearly. The French built the first railway in West Africa, the Dakar - St-Louis line (Senegal), between 1879 and 1885. This line stimulated the production of ground-nuts, although the French colonial-military lobby has had other motives. The real motivation became very clear at the construction of the Kayes-Bamako railway. Great difficulties needed the military occupation of the region and the violent recruitment of thousands of black labourers, all over the region. The same problems transformed the building of the Kayes-Dakar line into a real hell. Afterwards the Siné Saloum region has been through a “agricultural revolution”, when the local ground-nuts-producers have been able to produce for foreign markets. The first British railways were built in Sierra Leone and the Gold Coast-colony (Ghana). Jn Nigeria railway construction stimulated the growth of Lagos as an harbour and administrative centre. Lugard had plans for the unification of Nigeria by railways. The old Hausa town of Kano flourished after the opening of the Northern Railway, for other towns a period of decline had begun. Harbour cities and interior railwayheads caused an influx of population from periphery regions, the phenomenon is called “port concentration”. Also the imperial Germany built a few railwaylines in their former colony Togo, to avoid the traffic flow off to the British railways. ifs quite remarkable that the harbours at the Gulf of Guinea-coast developed much later than the harbours of Senegal and Sierra Leone. After the First World War only a few new railways were constructed, the revenues remained very low, so the (colonial) state had to take over many lines. The competition between railways and roadtransport demonstrated the first time in Nigeria, it was the beginning of the decline of railways as the most important transportsystems in West Africa. Only multinational companies built specific railways for the export of minerals (iron, ore and bauxite) after the Second World War, and the French completed the Abidjan - Ouagadougou railway (1956). The consequences of railway construction in West Africa on economic, demographic and social sphere were not so far-reaching as in Southern Africa, but the labour migration and the first labour unions of railwaymen who organized strikes in Senegal and the Ivory Coast mentioned the changing social situation. The bibliography of the West African railways contains very useful studies about the financial policy of the railway companies and the governments, but only a few railways were already studied by economic historians.

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Song, Yun, Dominic Stead, and Martin de Jong. "New Town Development and Sustainable Transition under Urban Entrepreneurialism in China." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 25, 2020): 5179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125179.

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New towns are a major form of urban growth in China. In recent years, increasing numbers of large new town projects have been planned and built in and around existing cities. These new town projects have frequently been employed by city governments as central elements of pro-growth strategies, based on ideas of urban entrepreneurialism, which seek to promote economic growth, project a dynamic city image, and increase urban competitiveness. This article studies how the pro-growth, urban entrepreneurial approach affects the planning and development of Chinese megacities. A conceptual framework focusing on land-leasing revenue and new town development strategies is employed to explore the linkages between urban growth mechanisms and urban outcomes. Empirical material from four cities in the Pearl River Delta—Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, and Zhuhai—is presented. The analysis indicates that new town developments in these cities have different levels of dependency on spatial expansion and land revenue, and emphasize different issues of sustainable development in their plans. Cities with a lower dependency on physical and economic growth are be more likely to emphasize the quality of the built environment and address issues of sustainable urban development more closely when planning and implementing new town projects.

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Thurmond, James, and Robert Yehl. "From new town to new governance: The Woodlands, Texas." International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior 20, no. 03 (April 1, 2017): 269–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijotb-20-03-2017-b001.

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AbstractFor a good part of the U.S. system of federalism municipal incorporation has been the formal structure for local communities. Over the last 60 years there has been a shift in this structure to special district government. The Woodlands, Texas presents an interesting case study on the incremental development of a former New Town community, the change in formal government organization and the potential for a different model of local governance structure in the 21st Century. The authors explore the four stages of development for The Woodlands over the past 40 years and assess this development through several model theories including institutional, urban regime, and urban governance. Contrary to some current literature on governance, The Woodlands appears to have transitioned from decentralization to more centralization while at the same time avoiding full incorporation as a municipality. It may be indicative of the new governance.

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32

Mullin, John R., Jeanne H. Armstrong, and Jean S. Kavanagh. "From Mill Town to Mill Town: The Transition of a New England Town from a Textile to a High-Technology Economy." Journal of the American Planning Association 52, no. 1 (March 31, 1986): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944368608976858.

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33

Portnoï, Anne. "The Planning of a New Town." Histoire urbaine 50, no. 3 (2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhu.050.0127.

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Daniels, P. W., and Harry Dupree. "Urban Transportation: The New Town Solution." Geographical Journal 154, no. 1 (March 1988): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/633501.

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Warren, Scott. "A New Kind of Company Town." Journal of Latin American Geography 18, no. 3 (2019): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lag.2019.0049.

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STILWELL, FRANK. "An international new town down under?" International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 15, no. 4 (December 1991): 611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.1991.tb00661.x.

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37

Mensah, Eyo. "The New Language Policy of the Nigerian Army: National Integration or Linguistic Imperialism?" Journal of Asian and African Studies 54, no. 3 (November 21, 2018): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909618812912.

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I argue in this paper that the new language policy of the Nigerian Army recognizes and promotes the dominant languages as resources for military training, intelligence gathering and peace building, while the dominated languages are marginalized, alienated and relegated, thus the policy infringes on the fundamental linguistic rights of speakers of minoritized languages in the army. I further maintain that the Nigerian Army’s exclusive language policy is harmful to the army as a national institution and call for explicit status planning of the Nigerian Pidgin to serve as the language of wider communication in the army in response to its emerging sociolinguistic challenges.

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Sengupta, Urmi. "Inclusive Development? A State-Led Land Development Model in New Town, Kolkata." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 31, no. 2 (January 2013): 357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c1103.

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Ransubhe, Srikant A. "Integrated Town Development Plan: Kurduwadi." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 15, 2021): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37516.

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The nature and economic development of Indian urbanization is characterized by metropolitan domination and polarization. The country's total population increased from 361 million in 1951 to 1,027 million in 2001, while the urban population increased from 62 million to 285 million during the same period. From 23 megacities in 1991 to 35 in 2001, the number has increased considerably. Therefore, it is clear that there is a clear movement towards large cities, possibly as a result of a lack of employment opportunities in small and medium cities and a deficient urban infrastructure. In 1979, the centrally supported scheme for the integrated development of small and medium cities (IDSMT) began and continued through 2004-05 and was incorporated into the UIDSSMT scheme in December 2005. It is important to invest in the development of small urban centers in order to reduce migration to large cities as well as to support the growth of surrounding rural areas. Small and medium towns are generally viewed as a means of balancing urban hierarchy and reducing pressure on primate cities, moderate spatial inequality, and foster factors that may assist in reversing the trend. Kurduwadi city is one of them, such as improper or uncertain use of available land, rising unemployment and migration to cities, unsatisfactory development plans to improve urban development. In this context, through integrated planning, efforts have been measured to obtain the resources needed to achieve each goal and improve strategy. Also by allowing institutions to plan and collaborate in departments, they can create efficiency and pursue new opportunities and help reduce migration to nearby large and metropolitan cities by strengthening the Kurduwadi towns as regional growth centers. Establishing complementary links between nearby villages, towns and cities will create a harmonious settlement pattern. An integrated development plan for the Kurduwadi town reduces some of the ideological concerns and working uncertainties emerging around this initiative through this study. The assessment of integrated town development may be appropriate to determine the future orientation and guidelines for Kurduwadi town.

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Chaudhuri, Jayasri Ray. "Migration Linkage of a New Town and its Significance in Town Planning." Modern Asian Studies 26, no. 2 (May 1992): 209–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00009768.

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This paper provides empirical evidence from Durgapur (a post-Independence, industrial new town of eastern India) which tends to support the Harris–Todaro model of migration and introduces the concept of how the age of a town and growth of its indigenous population may affect a potential migrant's expected probability of finding a job. Thus a new town like Durgapur can be expected to experience distinct phases of labour force migration with different proportions of different types of employment certainties which in turn will guide the growth of squatter colonies in the town.

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Wang, L. H., and Anthony G. O. Yeh. "Public Housing-Led New Town Development: Hong Kong and Singapore." Third World Planning Review 9, no. 1 (February 1987): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/twpr.9.1.c563k503767m8717.

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Ramsay, Anthony. "Winding up of the new town development corporations in Scotland." Planning Outlook 32, no. 2 (January 1989): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00320718908711851.

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BUTLER, D. R., F. E. SHORT, J. F. LINDSAY, P. VERNON, R. A. MCKITTRICK, P. H. GRAY, R. G. MABBITT, G. B. ORORKE, W. R. KEMP, and A. MELLOW. "DISCUSSION. DEVELOPMENT OF TU,EN MUN NEW TOWN, HONG KONG." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 88, no. 4 (August 1990): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1990.8324.

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Dieleman, Marleen. "New town development in Indonesia: Renegotiating, shaping and replacing institutions." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 167, no. 1 (2011): 60–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003602.

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This article explores how private sector players in new town development in Indonesia have worked around, shaped and replaced urban governance and planning institutions, effectively re-negotiating the boundaries between public and private sector. While most literature views urban development from the perspective of the state, this article complements this with a study of a prominent private sector player, the Ciputra Group. The results of the study suggest that private sector players have appropriated a much larger role in areas such as urban planning, constructing public infrastructure and urban governance than previously acknowledged. This could happen because public institutions were weak and unable to provide basic infrastructure and services to an increasing middle class. While most literature points at the lack of alignment of private developers with national priorities, this article suggests that a more nuanced view of the respective roles of public and private players in urban development in Indonesia is necessary.

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Carroll, B., and T. Turpin. "Environmental Strategies for Sustainable Development: A New Town in Mallorca." Water and Environment Journal 11, no. 4 (August 1997): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1997.tb00122.x.

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46

Oyeyemi, Adetoyeje Y., and Bayo U. Sedenu. "Immigrants of Nigerian Descent in New York." Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies 5, no. 3 (September 2007): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j500v05n03_07.

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Papageorgiou, Y. Y., and M. E. O'Kelly. "Guidelines for Designing an Abstract New Town." Geographical Analysis 16, no. 2 (September 3, 2010): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1984.tb00804.x.

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Ogunleye, Ayodele O. "New Directions In The Nigerian Educational System." Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER) 2, no. 2 (January 10, 2011): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/cier.v2i2.1095.

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In recent times, the Nigerian educational system has witnessed some drastic reforms. This paper highlights some of the major reforms that have taken place especially in response to a number of international human rights instruments that provide for education as a fundamental human right to all. The paper further discusses some of the challenges facing education in Nigeria and which is making it difficult for good quality education that is all empowering and capable of bringing about sustainable development to be achieved. Finally, it offered some suggestions on how to overcome these challenges.

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Eze, Sunday C., and Vera Chinedu-Eze. "Agripreneurship Curriculum Development in Nigerian Higher Institutions." International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research 4, no. 6 (November 7, 2016): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ejsber.vol4.no6.p53-66.2016.

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Sustainable agriculture has remained a subject of debate in Nigeria for decades without tangible results. Between 2001 and 2007, agricultural sector accounted for 40 percent of Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and 51 percent of job creation. However, in 2015 agriculture accounted for only 17.77% of Nigeria’s GDP (National Bureau of Statistics, 2015). These figures are indications that agriculture has not met the need of the country, and reveal the dwindling nature of the sector. The declining nature of agriculture calls for a new strategy that will support agricultural development in Nigeria. This paper aims to advance agripreneurship education in Nigerian Universities by attempting to develop a curriculum that will trigger agriprenuership taught classes in Universities in Nigeria in attempt to increase youth and farmers participation in agripreneurship and improve the agricultural sector in general

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50

Guyer, Jane I. "Small change: individual farm work and collective life in a western Nigerian savanna town, 1969–88." Africa 62, no. 4 (October 1992): 465–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161346.

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AbstractA comparison of data collected in western Nigeria (the Yoruba area) in 1968-69 and 1988 suggests that small-scale male farmers' patterns of work remained quite similar in the total amount of work they did and in the amount by task. This finding seemed surprising, since the study area lies in the food supply hinterland of the rapidly growing cities of Ibadan, Lagos and Abeokuta. The farming system has changed in several ways in response to increased urban demand and improved transport, including an increase in farm size on the part of male farmers. Changed cropping patterns, the increased use of hired labour and somewhat increased returns to labour seem only partly to account for the persistence. Analysis of the work data in terms of its timing, rather than in terms of time, suggests that farmers are tending to work at the same task in longer stretches ofconsecutive days, and this, in turn, is related to the marked rescheduling of traditional ceremonial life and the intensified politico-associational life moved to the weekend.

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