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Journal articles on the topic 'Nigerian Society of Engineers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Sotimirin, Olatunji Samson. "The producer-artistic business relationship: a major concern for the survival of theatre practice in Nigeria." EJOTMAS: Ekpoma Journal of Theatre and Media Arts 7, no. 1-2 (April 15, 2020): 422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejotmas.v7i1-2.28.

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This paper evaluates some of the perennial problems identified by scholars, writers and theatre practitioners as the bane of the growth and survival of theatre practice in Nigeria. These are inadequate funding, non-availability of befitting venues, economic and social insecurity, training and professionalism, orientation of the public sector, technological development, and so on. The central argument, however, is the issue of the business relationship between the producer and the professional theatre artiste. The paper contends that there are many issues concerning the artiste working and struggling to get paid, and artiste being exploited by producers without respectable reward. Consequently, in order to conquer these exploitative tendencies and lack of trust on the part of the producer, the paper submits that it is imperative that the artiste puts his/her professional relationship with the producer on a sound legal footing. This involves not only engaging the use of contracts constricted in agreement with good professional conventions, but also considering the need for the formation of recognized monitoring structures that will be responsible for guiding the actions and behaviour of practitioners. This ought to be done with a governmental support safeguarding the various theatre Associations and guilds as it is the case with other established Associations such as the Institute of Chartered Accountants, Society of Engineers, Nigerian Medical Association and so on. Thus, the method applied to this study is a self-report personality approach where the artistic business of the theatre is evaluated. The paper concludes that although some of the problems highlighted still exist, the situation is gradually improving, especially in terms of the availability of enough befitting venues and regularity of theatre shows at these venues. Keywords: Artistic, Nigeria, Theatre practitioners, Producer-artistic business relationship

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2

Ogbenika, Gregory Ebalu, and Daniel Omondiale. "A Critique of Civil Society: The African Experience." East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajis.2.1.157.

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The recent emphasis on civil society in Africa is a result of the many years of autocratic and dictatorial rule which have resulted in the oppression and neglect of the people’s participation in politics. Therefore, the presence of viral civil society is a pre-condition and a necessity in the whole democratization process. These groups have been major actors in the fight against abuse of human rights, corruption, and misrule. They are veritable instruments for the development and promotion of dialogue among communities for collective action. They also provide platforms to articulate demands and voice concerns at local, national, regional, and international levels. Consequently, no progress in governance will be made without a viral civil society because civil society continues to be engines of democracy. They play myriads of roles in the enthronement of genuine democratic principles and structures which can bring about stable political governance in the scheme of things. Therefore, with particular reference to the Nigerian experience, this paper examines the status of civil society in Africa today and its prospects for the future.

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3

Babatope A, Alabadan, Taiwo M. Samuel, Philip I. Ajewole, and Oluwakemi M. Anyanwu. "Competence-driven engineering education: A case for T-shaped engineers and teachers." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i1.20274.

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<span>The demand for engineering education and graduates is increasing daily because the current service and technological designs are unable to meet the needs of the society and the expected dramatic increase in the future. The emerging skill gap requires a shift in the type of expertise required of young professionals that will be needed to successfully lead organizations in the new economy. Researchers have identified various ‘shapes’ for the engineering professionals to make them relevant to the 21<sup>st</sup> century challenge, especially in the industry where their expertise is much needed. T-shaped professionals have skills that make them to be more preferred among others. The purpose of this paper is to present the need to upgrade engineering education curriculum to produce more T-shaped graduate engineers required in the changing industrial world. The potential benefits of T-shaped professionals to organizational performance are quite significant; hence, the demand for T-shaped professionals in knowledge-intensive, service-oriented economies is increasing. Unfortunately, the challenges associated with creating more T-shaped professionals are also significant. National regulatory bodies for engineering education in Nigeria are beginning to move towards integrated curriculum to break down discipline silos and produce T-shaped graduate engineers for the fast-changing industrial world. Service Science Management and Engineering (SSME) is an emerging discipline with over 250 programmes in 50 nations seeking to create more T-shaped professionals.</span>

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4

Obiadi, Bons N. "Architecture of Cities and the Politics of Abhorrence in Nigeria: a case of political neglect, abandonment and homelessness." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 218–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.78.8744.

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Architects, planners and engineers anchored firmly in the present, not able to resist good opportunities presented by the society. They are impulsive, do not plan or plan for tomorrow, impetient and in most cases, not caring about the growth, development and the people they are depriving of the basic needs to survive. The questions are, what are the reactions of the people in the building industry about Nigeria’s homelessness as we they no sence of succession and, what would they do about project abandonment by sitting govenors? This article draws attention to the colossal failure of the professionals in the building industry in providing adequate housing to eradicate homelessness and have not challenged the governors to complete the projects left by their predecessors. The instrument of more than two research strategies; quantitative and qualitative research methods and their tactics were used. Secondary data were based on direct observation and relevant documents from previous studies on the related matter. Most Nigerian politicians are idealogically incompetent with questionable competence executing their legisletive duties that, resulted in housing inadequacy and homelessness. The medical and psychological conditions of the homeless people should be the society’s primary concern and the recommendation of this paper. Architects are known for their graphic skills and communications, but they are not using them for the growth and development of the communities and they have derailed in the true objective and values of what should have been, the growth and development of the communities devoid of systemic inequality.

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5

Onohaebi, S. O., and S. T. Apeh. "Reduction of Fire Incidents due to Electrical Faults in Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 62-64 (February 2009): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.105.

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The prevalence of fire incidents in buildings resulting from electrical faults due to haphazard planning and installations have reached an alarming state in the country. Thus, this paper highlights the advantages to be derived from a properly designed and maintained electrical engineering services in buildings. The basic theory, methodology and technical considerations involved in the design and maintenance of electrical services are discussed in this paper. These were in consonance with both National and International regulations governing electrical services design and installations, such as International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC), Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEE) Regulation, Illumination Engineering Society (IES) Codes and Electrical Act of Federal Republic of Nigeria. An office apartment was used as a case study. In order to ensure safety of equipment and consumers, relevant tests to be carried out in the installation were also prescribed in this paper. Lack of proper design, poor maintenance, sub-standard materials such as cables, luminaries, electrical panels, switches and sockets, in-appropriately sized protective devices, unqualified personnel, up-patriotic attitude and wrong ultilization of electric power were identified as major factors responsible for electric faults in buildings. The paper therefore proffer recommendations to the rampant electrical faults resulting in fire incidents in both private and public buildings and the need to inculcate maintenance culture in their operations to minimise deterioration of electrical installations in buildings.

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6

Tralagba, Chris Eriye, and Abasiama G. Akpan. "Developing the Total Student: Model for Learners as Partners in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria." GIS Business 14, no. 5 (September 12, 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i5.8465.

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In addition to influencing students’ knowledge base, thinking abilities and skills; university education offers the opportunity to promote other aspects of students’ growth as people. University education has an important role in shaping our future society because today’s university students will be tomorrow’s doctors, engineers, business managers, teachers, faith leaders, politicians, citizens, activists, parents and neighbours. While they need to be able to demonstrate key skills and knowledge to enact those roles effectively, they must also demonstrate personal and social responsibility in carrying them out. While much of the current political discourse about higher education is instrumental and economic, this paper aims to lay the foundation for a discourse based on student development. Data was collected through focus group discussions with students in the various colleges in Evangel University, Akaeze - Nigeria, in-depth interviews with lecturers, administrative staff and document analyses of conference papers and journal articles. Findings reveal that the quality of tertiary education is influenced by socio–cultural, academic, economic, policy, political and administrative factors all of which are inextricably interwoven. In this case, the argument is for leadership of teaching and learning for the purpose of promoting students’ holistic development. The discussion of the findings is based on the findings on a wide range of related literature on learners’ challenges in other universities in Nigeria. The paper concludes that the quality of higher education in tertiary institutions is influenced by factors that have their roots in commercialization, general funding, and human population growth. It was recommended that appropriate policies and indigenous professionals (both academic and administrative) are necessary for improving the quality of higher education in tertiary institutions.

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7

Okobia, L. E., S. M. Hassan, and Adakayi Peter. "Increase in outdoor carbon dioxide and its effects on the environment and human health in Kuje FCT Nigeria." Environmental Health Review 60, no. 4 (December 2017): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5864/d2017-027.

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Globally there are concerns about outdoor air pollution and its effects on the environment and human health. Researchers are concerned with the negative effects of and best mitigation strategies for air pollution. Climate change and human health are a common phenomenon associated with air pollution, as carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed and emitted naturally as part of the carbon cycle. This study was aimed at assessing the emission level of CO2 in Kuje Area Council in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria and its effect on the environment and human health. Fifty specific residential and commercial locations were considered, and over 1200 observations of CO2 field data were collected and analysed during two seasons–dry and wet. The land-use settlement pattern was taken into consideration. The data were collected weekly at different time bands (2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-hour time intervals) using the AMPROBE CO2-100, CO2 meter gas detection instrument with self-calibration capability of ±30 parts per million (ppm), ±5% reading (0–5000) accuracy. A Garmin CX60 global positioning system was used to obtain the point locations Universal Transvers Mercator coordinates. The results showed higher mean CO2 emission values of >541 ppm and <713 ppm during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. It was also observed that these values were contrary to and exceeded the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers and Occupational Safety and Health Administration normal outdoor level standards of 350–450 ppm. These higher CO2 values were found in the residential and commercial districts, and if not monitored and controlled they will have adverse effects on human health and climate change effects. Quick interventions would be to plant trees to sequestrate the CO2 and to regulate the transportation system within the area due to continuous carbon emission.

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8

Bell, Sarah. "Engineers, Society, and Sustainability." Synthesis Lectures on Engineers, Technology and Society 6, no. 3 (July 31, 2011): 1–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/s00378ed1v01y201108ets017.

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9

Alutu, O. E. "Unethical Practices in Nigerian Construction Industry: Prospective Engineers’ Viewpoint." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 133, no. 2 (April 2007): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1052-3928(2007)133:2(84).

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10

Reiche, Hans. "Society of reliability engineers bulletin." Microelectronics Reliability 32, no. 12 (December 1992): 1779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(92)90276-q.

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11

Reiche, Hans. "Society of reliability engineers bulletin." Microelectronics Reliability 32, no. 7 (July 1992): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(92)90442-n.

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12

Reiche, Hans. "Society of reliability engineers bulletin." Microelectronics Reliability 33, no. 10 (August 1993): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(93)90114-e.

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13

Reiche, Hans. "Society of reliability engineers bulletin." Microelectronics Reliability 33, no. 4 (March 1993): 615–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(93)90328-v.

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14

Reiche, Hans. "Society of reliability engineers bulletin." Microelectronics Reliability 30, no. 4 (January 1990): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(90)90187-r.

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15

Reiche, Hans. "Society of reliability engineers bulletin." Microelectronics Reliability 30, no. 6 (January 1990): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(90)90297-z.

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16

Reiche, Hans. "Society of reliability engineers bulletin." Microelectronics Reliability 30, no. 5 (January 1990): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(90)90566-6.

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17

Reiche, Hans. "Society of reliability engineers bulletin." Microelectronics Reliability 31, no. 6 (January 1991): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(91)90319-3.

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18

Reiche, Hans. "Society of reliability engineers bulletin." Microelectronics Reliability 31, no. 1 (January 1991): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(91)90363-c.

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19

Reiche, Hans. "Society of reliability engineers bulletin." Microelectronics Reliability 32, no. 8 (August 1992): 1197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(92)90037-l.

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20

Breitborde, Lawrence B., Marida Hollos, and Philip E. Leis. "Becoming Nigerian in Ijo Society." African Studies Review 32, no. 3 (December 1989): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524555.

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21

Tomlinson, Jasper. "Nigerian briefing: how engineers can help secure a sustainable economy." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy 171, no. 3 (August 2018): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jener.17.00024.

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22

Sampson, Jen, Samuel Tudor, Barry Dooley, Andrew Basford, and Jonathan Morris. "British Dam Society young engineers' forum." Dams and Reservoirs 26, no. 3 (December 2016): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jdare.16.00039.

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23

Jedlicka, Janet. "The Society of Automotive Engineers Library:." Science & Technology Libraries 7, no. 2 (January 28, 1987): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j122v07n02_07.

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24

SMITH, LEVERING. "The American Society of Naval Engineers." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 73, no. 2 (March 18, 2009): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1961.tb03292.x.

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25

Singer, JosephF. "ASEM: a society for all engineers." Engineering Management International 4, no. 2 (April 1987): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5419(87)90021-4.

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26

Abang, Theresa B. "Disablement, Disability and the Nigerian Society." Disability, Handicap & Society 3, no. 1 (January 1988): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02674648866780061.

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27

Kihara, Shin-ichi. "Plastic Engineers Build Up a Sustainable Society." Seikei-Kakou 31, no. 5 (April 20, 2019): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.31.179.

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28

Shimamura, Tsuneo. "Management for engineers in multi-national society." Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology 64, no. 4 (1999): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3720/japt.64.322.

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29

Herkert, J. R. "Science, technology and society education for engineers." IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 9, no. 3 (September 1990): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/44.60551.

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30

Johnson, A. Ivan. "Metrication and American Society of Civil Engineers." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering 112, no. 2 (April 1986): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1052-3928(1986)112:2(93).

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31

Randolph, Dennis A. "Civil Engineers Shaping Society: Our Social Responsibilities." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 118, no. 1 (January 1992): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1052-3928(1992)118:1(10).

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32

Baillie, Caroline. "Engineers within a Local and Global Society." Synthesis Lectures on Engineers, Technology and Society 1, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/s00059ed1v01y200609ets002.

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33

Schmidt, Wulf-Peter, and Hans-Martin Beyer. "Conference reports: Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 4, no. 2 (March 1999): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02979415.

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34

Over, William. "Redefining political drama: Onwueme and Nigerian society." Contemporary Justice Review 13, no. 2 (June 2010): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10282581003748263.

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35

SAIKA, Takashi, Hiroshi KAWAGUCHI, Shuji HATA, Shuji SHIRAISHI, and Junichi FUKAMI. "Professional Development System of Engineers at the Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan." Journal of JSEE 60, no. 3 (2012): 3_138–3_141. http://dx.doi.org/10.4307/jsee.60.3_138.

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36

Johnson, J. W. "Complete Proceedings - Single PDF Download." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 3 (January 1, 2000): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v3.0.

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This conference was sponsored jointly by the Council on Wave Research and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, with support also being given by the Northeastern Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Boston Society of Civil Engineers and the Boston Section of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Appreciation is expressed to the New England Division of the Corps of Engineers for photographs supplied to illustrate the cover and the section titles of this publication.

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37

Gani, S. S. "APPLICATION OF COMPUTER IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN NIGERIA." Sokoto Educational Review 14, no. 2 (December 30, 2013): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35386/ser.v14i2.111.

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There is really no doubt that Computer Education and utilization are very essential not only in educational institutions but in all aspects of modern societies. This paper discusses the usage of computer in Nigerian Colleges of Education which includes checking the in and out of library materials, keeping staff confidential records as well as keeping students examination results more accurately. The paper also highlights the benefits of computer usage in Nigerian Colleges of Education such as facilitating students learning and providing opportunities for students especially those specializing in Computer Education to become system analysts, computer operators, business centre managers, software engineers and hardware engineers in their future undertaking. However, the limitation with computer usage in Nigerian Colleges of Education is that students find it difficult to understand lessons in Computer Education because they lack the basic knowledge of computer. Also, students may have the tendency to write assignments by simply downloading relevant or irrelevant information from the net. As a result of these limitations, the writer recommends that the federal and state Ministries of Education should employ well-trained personnel that can manage the computer sets provided to the colleges effectively. Also, staff in Colleges of Education should be encouraged to utilize the computer in carrying out some of their responsibilities.

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38

Holst, Rasmus. "The Opal - The Danish Society of Engineers, IDA." IABSE Symposium Report 108, no. 1 (April 19, 2017): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137817821232568.

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39

Emekoma, C. C. "Assessment of Procurement Plan in the Nigeria Construction Industry: A Case of Selected Firms in Port Harcourt, Nigeria." Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, November 5, 2019, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2019/v25i330194.

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The Procurement plan and procedure in Nigeria have gone through a number of changes, with main objective of reducing or at best eliminating corruption in public procurement, realizing values for money, efficiency in procurement process among others. The data of assessment of procurement plan in the Nigerian construction industry was collected through administrating questionnaire to selected members of the companies and was analyzed using three statistical tools, namely; percentage analysis, chi-square and measures of dispersion. The table from which was drawn the analysis of assessment of procurement plan in the Nigeria construction industry reveal that among the professionals who responded to the questionnaire 27.6% are members of the Nigeria Institute of Quality Surveyors (NIQS) , 13.2% belong to the Nigeria Institute of Architects (NIA), and 22.4% belong to the Nigeria institute of Builders (NIOB), while 3.9% are members of Nigeria Society of Engineers (NSE), those who belong to other professional body other than the those above are 9.2% and 23.7% are not registered with any professional body. From the chi-square test of independence, it was found that at 5% level of significance opinion of respondents is not independent of their professional background. The Likert summary table also show reveal the following (i) procurement system affect project cost (ii) procurement system affect quality of work (iii) procurement plans affect design team performance. Also, the statements with low variance and standard deviation are more reliable than those with high variance and standard deviation. Therefore, on commencement of construction projects consultant must advise their clients on the building procurement system available.

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40

Emeka Phd, Okonkwo, Ivan. "Production of a Model Water Fountain Using Ceramics for Interior Decoration in Anambra State." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis 04, no. 08 (August 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v4-i8-13.

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Water fountains have been produced by sculptors, architects and engineers over the years in Nigeria, however the production of water fountains in ceramics is not popular and could be rarely seen in public spaces, longues and interiors of public buildings especially in Anambra State. In view of this; this project entitled “Production of a Water Fountain using Ceramics for Interior Decoration in Anambra State” was designed to enlighten the society that ceramic materials could be used for the production of water fountain instead of other media like cement and metal. Also, that water fountain when situated in the interior of the house will help in relaxation thereby reducing some tensions and stress after all day work. Data used were sourced from both primary and secondary sources. An explorative method of research was employed in the project. The processes involved in the execution of the work were showcased in detail. The study observes that majority of water fountains seen around were made using cement instead of ceramics, which is more durable, hygienic, attractive and nature friendly, hence the need for this project. This work encourages more research in this area of study.

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41

Hilili, J. M., D. I. Onuora, H. O. Yusuf, R. U. Hilili, O. B. Ojiego, F. R. Raji, F. Dantanko, C. L. Eke, and M. H. Hilili. "Analysis of the Effects of Biological Activities on some Structures in Cross River State and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria." Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology, March 13, 2021, 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2021/v14i230203.

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Engineering structures are constantly subject to damage caused by biological activities such as the action of insects, penetration of roots and fluids. Because of this, we conducted a critical study on how these activities contribute to the collapse of these structures in Nigeria. The damage caused by biological activities was evaluated in fifteen buildings in Cross River State, of these buildings six showed damage caused by termites, two of the failed engineering structures were linked to development of roots of plants, and the remaining seven were linked to poor quality building materials, poor compaction, lack of supervision, poor engineering design. Others ten structurally failed buildings were examined in the Federal Capital Territory Abuja, Nigeria, of these four were linked to biological activities of termites, with subsurface porosity showing evidence of surface water discharge zones, two of the failed structures were linked to the growth activities of roots of trees, and four to poor construction design. The road that links Cross River State to Abuja had more than 80 points of failure, the majority of which were linked to poor compaction of road foundation, root of plants and fluid interference. Such damage could be prevented through: thorough investigation of biological activities existing and likely to exist around the environment before the establishment of the engineering structure and over the years; use of bio-resistant materials, such as nano materials incorporated coatings with novel functionalities should be used in the construction of structures; protection of engineering structures from fluid penetration into foundations; and engineering structures must follow the global best practices guide lines, provided by ‘Society of Structural Engineers’.

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42

"Society of Women Engineers." Choice Reviews Online 42, no. 11 (July 1, 2005): 42–6527. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.42-6527.

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43

"Society of Women Engineers." Choice Reviews Online 42, no. 12 (August 1, 2005): 42Sup—0301–42Sup—0301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.42sup-0301.

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44

"Society of automobile engineers." Journal of Synthetic Lubrication 3, no. 4 (1987): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsl.3000030408.

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45

"Society of Women Engineers." Choice Reviews Online 43, no. 12 (August 1, 2006): 43Sup—0337–43Sup—0337. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.43sup-0337.

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46

McMartin, Dena Wynn. "Engineers: Problem Solving in Society." Scholarly and Research Communication 5, no. 1 (December 20, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/src.2014v5n1a136.

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Engineering is an often mysterious profession. For me, engineering is a rewarding and challenging career where I can see that my work has a positive impact on the natural environment and the people who use it and sometimes even make a mess of it.

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47

"American Society of Mechanical Engineers." World Pumps 2001, no. 414 (March 2001): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-1762(01)80101-2.

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48

"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NAVAL ENGINEERS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 64, no. 2 (March 18, 2009): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1952.tb02951.x.

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49

"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NAVAL ENGINEERS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 4, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1892.tb02055.x.

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50

"AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NAVAL ENGINEERS." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 5, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1893.tb02270.x.

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