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1
Dim, Eugene Emeka. "Ethnoregional Dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Nigeria." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 21, no. 5 (October 5, 2018): 870–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838018801335.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a reality the average Nigerian woman has to grapple with everyday. Ethnicity and place of residence play a pivotal role in the social realities of Nigerian women, especially with their experience of IPV. However, there is a paucity of reviews examining the impact of ethnicity and place of residence on women’s experiences of IPV in Nigeria. This study seeks to explore the ethnoregional dynamics of IPV from the range of studies undertaken on the subject matter. Eighteen studies meant the inclusion criteria for analysis. The major criteria for selecting studies for analysis were peer-reviewed studies on IPV against women and studies on a Nigerian population, regardless of the nationality of the authors. Databases like the University of Saskatchewan Library, ProQuest, Sociological Abstracts, and Journal Storage ( JSTOR) were used in searching for peer-reviewed studies. The study revealed that Igbo women tend to experience IPV more than Yoruba and Hausa women. The study also found that rural women tend to experience IPV more than urban women. The study points out some of the services available for female victims of IPV and the possible strategies that can be adapted to reach them effectively.
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Efe, Chinedu Justin, and Oghenerioborue Esther Eberechi. "Property Rights of Nigerian Women at Divorce: A Case for a Redistribution Order." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 23 (March 17, 2020): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2020/v23i0a5306.
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In Nigeria, marriage is hardly conceived as a partnership of equals in relation to the property rights of spouses during marriage and at divorce. This is because the Nigerian courts do not redistribute property at divorce. This leaves the financially weaker spouse (usually the wife) at an economically disadvantaged position. This article therefore compares the position of the matrimonial laws in England with that of Nigeria, whether there are provisions for the redistribution of property between the spouses at divorce. The comparative analysis reveals that family laws in England empower the family court to redistribute property amongst spouses at divorce. On the contrary, the matrimonial property laws in Nigeria provide for the settlement of property at divorce. The analysis also reveals that the courts in Nigeria adopt the strict property rights approach in ordering the settlement of property, which is detrimental to the wife. The article also makes a case for a redistribution through the economic analysis of the worth of a housewife. The authors therefore argue that the Nigerian courts should depart from this approach and borrow from the English courts. The authors recommend the amendment of the matrimonial property laws to fill this gap. That would enable the Nigerian courts to make a redistribution order, so as to vary the recognised property rights of spouses in order to provide compensation for any reasonable loss caused by marriage and ensure that the financial benefits of marriage are shared on a just and equitable basis.
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Makinde, Olusesan Ayodeji, Cheluchi Onyemelukwe, Abimbola Onigbanjo-Williams, Kolawole Azeez Oyediran, and Clifford Obby Odimegwu. "Rejection of the Gender and Equal Opportunities Bill in Nigeria." Gender in Management: An International Journal 32, no. 3 (May 2, 2017): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-02-2017-0023.
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Purpose Achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls is the fifth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). This continues the effort of the third Millennium Development Goal (MDG), which was “to promote gender equality and empower all women”. In Nigeria, a Gender and Equal Opportunities Bill had been under consideration in the Nigerian Senate since 2010 to be enacted as a Nigerian law as part of effort toward MDG 3. After six years, the Bill was voted out for “lack of merit”. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical analysis of the outcome. Design/methodology/approach A review of this Bill and the authors’ perceptions of reasons for the decline are subsequently presented. Findings There were concerns based on the content of the Bill. It was agreed by members of the Nigerian Senate that the content of the Bill was not in line with the religious and cultural beliefs of most of the Nigerian population and thus, unworthy to be enacted as a Nigerian law. Social implications The review herein provides important analysis of the content of the declined Gender and Equal Opportunities Bill. It reflects the continued patriarchal norms and perception of the superiority of men over women in Nigeria. Originality/value The paper provides a bird-view analysis of an unsuccessful Gender and Equal Opportunities Bill in Nigeria. This information is needed for a review of the Bill ahead of possible re-presentation following modifications for discussion.
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Pucherova, Dobrota. "Afropolitan narratives and empathy: Migrant identities in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah and Sefi Atta’s A Bit of Difference." Human Affairs 28, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2018-0033.
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Abstract The article analyzes two novels of migration by Nigerian women authors in the context of Afropolitanism: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah (2013) and Sefi Atta’s A Bit of Difference (2013). It is argued that Afropolitanism obscures the reasons why migration from Africa to the West has been increasing in the decades since independence, rather than decreasing. In comparing the two novels, the article focuses on empathy towards and solidarity between fellow Nigerians, which has been seen by Nigerian philosopher Chielozona Eze as crucial for building African civil society and functional state.
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Ratia, Emma, and Catrien Notermans. "“I was crying, I did not come back with anything”: Women’s Experiences of Deportation from Europe to Nigeria." African Diaspora 5, no. 2 (2012): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725457-12341235.
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Abstract The aim of this article is to study the impact of deportation on women’s lives, via the narrated experiences of Nigerian women deported from the European Union. It focuses on women’s stories about the period prior to their travel to Europe and their motivations for doing so; on stories about the journey and their experiences as migrants; and finally on stories about their deportation and their life after returning home to Nigeria. By taking this three-step approach and by focusing on deportees’ experiences, the authors want to contribute to an emic understanding of deportation in which gender and kinship play a crucial part. The obligation to migrate is a social as well as an economic duty for women in the Nigerian context. Whereas anthropological studies have so far focused on deportees’ feelings of non-belonging, this article shows that women’s experiences of deportation are highly connected to family belonging.
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Bello, Ibukunoluwa B., Ebernezer O. Akinnawo, and Bede C. Akpunne. "Women Abuse Screening Tool: A Validation Study on Nigerian Pregnant Women." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 06 (June 9, 2020): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i06.sh02.
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Domestic violence is identified across the globe as a menace as it poses a threat to the mental health of its victims, the significant others of the victim and the security of a nation at large. In some cases, the victim of domestic violence is a pregnant woman and harm is caused not only to a woman but her fetus also and this calls for urgent psychological assessment and intervention. Although there is no doubt that psychological tests are effective in the assessment of domestic violence, using the psychometric properties obtained from a different population may produce generate inaccurate findings. This paper therefore attempts the validation study of Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) using a sample of 379 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the State Specialist Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. The study derived a Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability of 0.758, p <.05 and a Guttman split-half coefficient of 0.683, p <.05. Furthermore, concurrent validity of Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) and Ongoing Abuse Screen (OAS) was established as 0.29, p<.05. The norms of the instrument were given as 2.38 for tolerable level of domestic violence and 5.79 for severe and pathological level of domestic violence. Authors conclude that Women Abuse Screening Tool has acceptable psychometric properties to justify its usage for the assessment of level of domestic violence among pregnant women in Nigeria and other nations with similar socio-cultural backgrounds.
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Kashif, Alia, Hafsah Zafar, and Qasim Shafiq. "A Comparative Feminist Study of Subalterns in Adichie's Americanah and Darzink's Song of a Captive Bird." Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjss.650779312.
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The present study explores the issues of oppression and gender identity in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah and Jasmin Darznik's Song of a Captive Bird. This study examines Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's subaltern theory that views how women suffer from oppression and gender identity in a patriarchal society. The postcolonial feminist research method is employed in the study to analyze how the two female authors present the struggle of women living in patriarchal cultures. From different views, this study uses close textual analysis to examine the narratives of Ifemelu and Farrokhzad and their respective struggle with societal expectations about gender roles. The findings of the study indicate that both authors address the issue of oppression and gender identity through their respective narratives. The authors' works show how gender norms and expectations limit women's opportunities and agency in Nigerian and Iranian societies. This study also highlights how patriarchal culture contributes to the anguish of Nigerian and Iranian women, creating additional barriers to their empowerment and fulfilment. This study concludes that the works of both female writers provide valuable insights into the struggle of women living in patriarchal societies and call for a re-examination of gender roles and societal expectations to promote gender equality and empowerment.
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Christian Nnaji, Ikechukwu, and Chike Benedict Okoye. "Women, Marriage and Betrayal of Trust in Selected Nigerian Dramas." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2024): 8201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v11i06.05.
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The paper explores ‘Women, Marriage, and Betrayal of Trust in Selected texts’ namely Wole Soyinka’s The Beatification of Area Boy, Femi Osofisan’s The Midnight Blackout and Toni Duruaku’s Cash Price’. It also explores the contemporary problems besieging women and their spouses. This provides a discursive analysis of dangers of betrayal of trust by both partners which also destroy the marital bliss of democratic marriage institution in Nigeria. The research methodology leans on internet, books, journals on relevant scholars and literary authors relating to similar issues raised by the playwrights to support the paper. It is the works of the same authorities on various topics related to the concerns of these four playwrights that shall be used to strengthen my observations and findings in this paper. Psychological and historical criticisms are deployed to unravel the issues raised in these creative works as reflected in the society. The findings lean on social greed, impatience, lust for mundane things also the relevance of informing the society on the plethora of stigma of divorces looming visibly on infidelity or abnormality. These necessitate prospects and challenges of marriage institution in 21st century and the need of reforming these anomalous cultural trends problematical in Nigerian society.
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Anato, Sylvain, Augustin Aïnamon, and Célestin Gbaguidi. "The Emergence of Female Identity in Sefi Atta’s Everything Good Will Come." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2023): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.107.15038.
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Everything Good Will Come (2006) is the debut novel by the Yoruba author Sefi Atta. She investigates the different transformation that occur in the life of Enitan, the female protagonist of the novel, while she makes her tedious journey from the beginning of adolescence to adulthood. For a long time, women have almost played secondary roles in the Nigerian novel in the struggle to address socio-political and economic challenges. However, since the beginning of the 2000s, Nigerian fiction has presented women in leadership roles in their societies. In fact, a new generation of authors has emerged. Atta has become a famous and internationally acclaimed writer of this series in her quest to demonstrate how the identity of a woman can originate from various hostile factors that affect her environment. She suggests that this can only happen if and only women are self-affirming, become fully aware of unlocking their tremendous inner potential which is essential to reverse the trend of a fiction plot dominated by men. Indeed, Everything Good Will Come is a counter-speech to the almost pitiful image of the woman in works mainly masculine.
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Thompson, Katrina Daly. "Educating Muslim Women." American Journal of Islam and Society 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v31i1.1023.
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Educating Muslim Women is a unique study of Muslim women told throughthe story of Nana Asma’u, a nineteenth-century Fulani woman from NorthernNigeria who became a renowned scholar and greatly impacted Muslim womenin Nigeria and beyond. Drawing on history, literary analysis, and ethnography,the volume’s slimness belies a wealth of material that will interest historians,applied linguists, and even sociologists of contemporary Muslim communities.The book’s main argument is that Muslim women have played a greaterrole in their communities than has previously been understood by historians.While using Nana Asma’u as an example, Boyd and Mack argue that she wasnot unique and offer painstaking details to show that her society supportedand encouraged female Islamic scholarship. In addition, they relate how contemporarywomen continue to follow her example. The book is organizedroughly chronologically, although the chapter titles suggest a thematic organizationthat is not always adhered to.The introduction offers some background on Sufism, which in later chaptersthe authors narrow down to the Qadiriyyah order. They define Sufism as“the prayerful pursuit of knowledge aiming to move an individual closer toGod” (p. 15). Their focus on knowledge allows them to emphasize Islamicscholarship and education: “Education, like Islam itself, was integral to allparts of daily life” (p. 21). Nineteenth-century schools are depicted as placeswhere pupils learned Qur’anic recitation and received religious blessings, aswell as practiced farming, obtained medical treatment, and sought personaladvice. By depicting education as central to Islam and Islam as central toNorthern Nigerian society, their subsequent account of how involved women ...
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Jesse Bijimi. "(Re)Examining Womanism in Phoebe Jatau’s The Hound." Creative Launcher 7, no. 6 (December 30, 2022): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2022.7.6.12.
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Over the years, there has been a proliferation of writing by women authors in Northern Nigeria, central to their concern, is negotiating between what culture is and is not, especially as it relates to the women folks. With literature’s overwhelming role, in its stance as the mirror of the society, is the forceps with which one can gather the customs, believes, thoughts and value systems of a people, thus; learning about how their culture(s), could make or mar them. This explains why the Northern Nigerian woman as a prototype of the African woman has her role(s) defined by history, religion and cultural practices. In light of the foregoing, this paper finds that, this phenomenon called culture (in all its social forms, material traits of a racial, religious or social group) with its cancerous fangs on the livelihood of the average African woman, has today been reconfigured by the Womanist strand of feminism to the extent its impact are both felt and visible. Thus; this paper unknots the nitty-gritties of Africans perception of womanhood by the males and how the woman also sees herself and/or expects to be seen with particular focus on Phoebe Jatau’s The Hound. By this, it shows that contemporary female writers in Northern Nigeria and Africa at large have both re-evaluated themselves and are akin to the significance of their place, thus; crushing the patriarchal hold of their individual societies on them, and in the long run, assuaging their worth as less than humans.
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Oghenekevwe K., Jibromah, and Sangotunde Sunday O. "The Involvement of Mary Magdalene in the Sacrificial Death of Jesus on The Cross: Lessons for the Nigerian Christian Women." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n2p121.
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One major concept that runs through all religious institutions and communities is the practice of ‘sacrifice’. This idea also runs through both the Old and the New Testaments. The world in which the Bible authors inhabited was filled with physical equipments and sacred spaces of sacrifices, from massive temple to rustic country shrines, to tiny household altars. It was made up of interwoven relationships that were reinforced by sacrificial practices. Throughout the book of Leviticus, the idea of appeasement of Yahweh through series of sacrificial acts perfused the entire pages of the book. The death of Jesus Christ on the cross as the final sacrificial rite is the foundation of the Christian faith. Women are generally not considered as occupying important position in the Jewish religious culture and this idea is almost transmitted into the religious arrangement of many denominations today due to some complexities engendered by Paul’s teachings in some of his epistles. Women had played major role on Christ sacrificial death on the cross, although little has been mentioned about them. Hence, the study investigates women’s involvement during Christ crucifixion on the cross focusing basically on Mary Magdalene. The paper adopts textural analysis of the related verses. It also makes use of exegetical method as an approach to unveil the textual relevance of the selected texts to the subject matter. It reveals the positive role played by this woman during the sacrificial death of Christ on the cross in the interface of the expected roles of Nigerian Christian women in the ecclesiastical community. The paper concludes that women played significant role during Jesus’ sacrificial death which is worthy of emulation by women participating in Christian ministries in Nigeria.
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Rinmak, Kuretmenan David, and Jocelyn Nishe Moupshin. "Self-Assertion as a Variant of Ego in Razinat T. Mohammed’s the Travails of a First Wife." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. XII (2024): 1151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7012086.
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The literary world has accorded writers the opportunity to express their selves without reservations and to share feelings and dreams. Several scholars have decried violence against women and the misrepresentation of women mainly by male literary authors. However less attention has been given to the portrayal of female ego as a positive tool for self-assertion in African literature, especially Nigerian literary works. This paper viewed ego positively in the works of contemporary female works. The research used Freudian theory and African womanism to establish the existence of female ego. Using Razinat T. Muhammed’s The Travails of a First Wife, this researcher did a critical literary analysis. The theories helped to understand the emotions and motives for such ego exhibitions by the characters. Findings showed that, the state of being a woman is a notion the woman is proud and wiling to defend. The paper concluded that the ego of the woman is in identifying herself as a woman who is strong and able to carry the burdens of others.
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Sakamoto, Arthur, Ernesto F. L. Amaral, Sharron Xuanren Wang, and Courtney Nelson. "The Socioeconomic Attainments of Second-Generation Nigerian and Other Black Americans: Evidence from the Current Population Survey, 2009 to 2019." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7 (January 2021): 237802312110019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231211001971.
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Second-generation black Americans have been inadequately studied in prior quantitative research. The authors seek to ameliorate this research gap by using the Current Population Survey to investigate education and wages among second-generation black Americans with a focus on Nigerian Americans. The latter group has been identified in some qualitative studies as having particularly notable socioeconomic attainments. The results indicate that the educational attainment of second-generation Nigerian Americans exceeds other second-generation black Americans, third- and higher generation African Americans, third- and higher generation whites, second-generation whites, and second-generation Asian Americans. Controlling for age, education, and disability, the wages of second-generation Nigerian Americans have reached parity with those of third- and higher generation whites. The educational attainment of other second-generation black Americans exceeds that of third- and higher generation African Americans but has reached parity with that of third- and higher generation whites only among women. These results indicate significant socioeconomic variation within the African American/black category by gender, ethnicity, and generational status that merits further research.
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Gavristova, T. M. "Noo Saro-Wiwa: in Search of Africa." Asia and Africa today, no. 5 (December 15, 2024): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750030863-1.
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The turn of the 20th–21st centuries was marked by the flourishing of African and especially Nigerian literature. Among those who became famous in the 21st century are Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Teju Cole, Chigozie Obioma, etc. Noo Saro-Wiwa, a British writer of Nigerian origin, author of the best-selling books “Looking for Transwonderland: Travels in Nigeria” (2012) and “Black Ghosts: A Journey into the Lives of Africans in China” (2023), can be considered the Queen of contemporary travel writing. The special appeal of her works lies in the masterly combination of travel literature and memoirs. A detailed description of events’ chronicle, travel impressions, air and nature, people and conversations with them turns her books into a real testimony of the era and tends to be documentary prose. She gives preference to it due to the fact that “truth is more important than fiction”. The daughter of the famous Nigerian poet and publicist, political activist and environmentalist Ken Saro-Wiwa (1941–1995), the writer focused the readers’ attention on many of the most pressing political, economic, social, environmental, and demographic problems. These include colonialism and decolonization, racism and gender inequality, emigration and the history of Diaspora. The writer is of particular interest in the amazing mobility of the Chinese, internal and external migration, their activities in Africa. She admires the nature, ancient and medieval culture of China and at the same time records manifestations of racial hostility of the Chinese towards Africans, considering them unacceptable. She compares Chinese and Africans, identifying similarities and differences. And if addressing Nigeria’s past and present is her Mission, China is an option, one of many. Currently, she is one of the most engaged authors and most famous African women, winner of a number of prestigious literary awards.
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Bamigbala, O. A., A. O. Ojetunde, and C. E. Okorie. "KNOWLEDGE OF OVULATORY CYCLE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE WOMEN IN NIGERIA." Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) 18, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/2664-4738.3.2022.14.
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Relevance. The break-up and exit of the dominant follicle into the fallopian tube from the ovary is a physiological event known as ovulation. To determine fertility chances, it is essential to understand the physiology of the ovulatory cycle.
Objective. This study assesses the knowledge of the ovulatory cycle (KOC) and associated factors among reproductive-age women in Nigeria.
Materials and methods. The research was based on 2018 NDHS data (which was the most current at the time of this study). 90,290 women of reproductive age were taken into account for this investigation. The methods of analysis used are percentage, frequency, chi-square test and Binary Logistic Regression Analysis. p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results. Only 25% of the 90,290 reproductive women included in the investigation were found to be knowledgeable of the ovulatory cycle. The study revealed that age, region, place of residence (urban), religion, marital status (living with a partner), maternal education (primary and higher education), husband's educational level and women's media exposure had a significant effect on knowledge of the ovulatory cycle.
Conclusion. KOC, however, was low (25%), necessitating the development and implementation of reproductive health services through community media campaigns and health promotion. The authors of this study urge the Nigerian Ministry of Health to prioritize improving the reproductive health of women by prioritizing adolescents and those with less education. Additionally, media initiatives might be strengthened to improve women's KOC, which is essential for preventing unwanted pregnancy.
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Adebamowo, Sally N., Toyosi Olawande, Ayotunde Famooto, Eileen O. Dareng, Olayinka Olaniyan, Richard Offiong, and Clement A. Adebamowo. "Risk, Persistence and Multiplicity of HPV Infections among HIV Negative and HIV Positive Nigerian Women." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 3_suppl (June 2016): 38s—39s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.003830.
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Abstract 64 Background: The incidence, prevalence, persistence, and multiplicity of high-risk HPV infection is different between HIV positive and HIV negative women. We examined the association between HIV, prevalent HPV, and persistent HPV infections among women in a prospective cohort in Nigeria. Methods: We enrolled women presenting at cervical cancer screening programs in Abuja, Nigeria, between 2012 and 2014 and collected information on their demographic characteristics, risk factors of HPV infection, and cervical exfoliated cells samples at baseline, 6 month and 12 month follow-up visits. DNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) and Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test were used to characterize HPV. Persistent HPV infection was defined as a positive result on 2 consecutive DEIA tests. We used logistic regression models to estimate the association between HIV and risk of HPV infection. Results: Among the 1,020 women enrolled, the mean age (±SD) was 37(8), and 44% and 56% were HIV+ and HIV-, respectively. HPV52 and 35 were the most common HPV types in the study population. The prevalence was 34% for any HPV, 24% for persistent HPV and 9% for multiple HPV infections; these were higher among HIV+ women (p-value <0.001). The multivariate odds ratio (OR) and 95 % CI comparing HIV+ to HIV- women was 6.29 (95% CI 3.64 – 10.87, p-value <0.001) for any high-risk HPV; 6.22 (95% CI 3.02 – 12.83, p-value <0.001) for persistent high-risk HPV; and 6.46 (95% CI 2.69 – 15.52, p-value <0.001) for multiple high-risk HPV infections, Conclusions: HIV infection is associated with increased risk of persistence and multiplicity of low-risk and high-risk HPV infections. These findings may explain, in part, the increased risk of cervical cancer among women with HIV infections. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: Sally N. Adebamowo No relationship to disclose Toyosi Olawande No relationship to disclose Ayotunde Famooto No relationship to disclose Eileen O. Dareng No relationship to disclose Olayinka Olaniyan No relationship to disclose Richard Offiong No relationship to disclose Clement A. Adebamowo Speakers' Bureau: Merck [Table: see text]
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Jones, Milissa, Habib Omari, Sylvia Adebajo, Charlotte Gaydos, Afoke Kokogho, Stefan Baral, Rebecca Nowak, et al. "1287. Seizing Opportunities for Intervention: Changing HIV Knowledge Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Women Attending Trusted Community Centers in Nigeria." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1120.
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Abstract Background Knowledge of HIV risk factors and risk reduction strategies is essential for HIV prevention in key populations, including men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW). We described factors associated with HIV-related knowledge and evaluated the impact of counseling and care at trusted community health centers serving Nigerian MSM and TGW. Methods The TRUST/RV368 cohort recruits MSM and TGW via respondent driven sampling in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. Participants undergo a structured interview with five knowledge-testing questions at enrollment and after 9 and 15 months. Routine HIV/STI screening, free condoms/lubricants, and counseling about safer sex practice is provided. Multivariable Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations was used to calculate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with answering more knowledge questions correctly. Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to compare the proportion of participants answering each question correctly at enrollment and subsequent visits. Results From March 2013 to December 2017, 2,090 biological males were enrolled with median age 23 [interquartile range 20–27] years, including 234 (11.2%) with female gender identity. Of 1691 participants with known HIV status, 836 (49.4%) were positive. The mean number of HIV knowledge questions correctly answered was 2.37, 2.98, and 3.09 at enrollment, 9, and 15 months, respectively. Participants demonstrated increased HIV knowledge after 9 (RR 1.15 [95% CI 1.03–1.28]) and 15 months (1.18 [1.05–1.32]). Factors associated with increased knowledge included HIV positivity (1.17 [1.11–1.23]), higher than senior secondary education when compared with less than senior secondary (1.24 [1.12–1.37]), and almost daily internet use when compared with never (1.17 [1.08–1.27]). Knowledge gains were driven primarily by improved understanding of condom and lubricant use (figure). Conclusion While HIV knowledge improved during enrollment in the cohort, it remained suboptimal. Multiple modalities may be needed to fully inform Nigerian MSM and TGW of risk reduction strategies. Interventions that involve internet access to deliver educational materials may be a useful adjunct to direct counseling at healthcare centers. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Adebamowo, Sally N., Michael Odutola, Ayotunde Famooto, Eileen Dareng, Amos Adebayo, Peter Achara, Bunmi Alabi, et al. "Incidence, Persistence, and Determinants of Human Papillomavirus: A Prospective Cohort Study of HIV-Negative Nigerian Women." Journal of Global Oncology 3, no. 2_suppl (April 2017): 39s—40s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2017.009498.
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Abstract 63 Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in Africa. Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HRHPV) infection is a necessary cause but little is known about the persistence and associated risk factors of HRHPV infection in African women. We undertook this work to determine risk factors and the incidence of HPV infection in Nigerian women. Methods: ACCME is a multicenter, prospective cohort study of host germline, cervical somatic and HRHPV genomics, epigenomics, and vaginal microenvironment and their association with HPV. From February 2014 to January 2016, 10,000 HIV-negative women were enrolled in the cohort and are being observed every 6 months. We used SPF25/LiPA10 to characterize HPV infection and defined persistent infection as two consecutive positive tests performed at least 12 months apart. Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between risk factors and persistent HPV. Results: The mean (± standard deviation) age of study participants at baseline was 40 (± 10) years, and mean (± standard deviation) vaginal pH was 5.2 (± 0.6). Approximately 42% of participants were positive for any HPV and 21% had persistence of any HPV infection. Some (35%) participants had multiple infections with any HPV. Approximately 54% of those with persistent any HPV infection had HRHPV—HPV type 52 (25%) and type 18 (15%) were the most prevalent and persistent HRHPV types. Incidence of any HPV infection was 6.6 per 1,000 person-months, whereas that of HRHPV was 2.6 per 1,000 person-months. Age, body mass index, education level, marital and socioeconomic status, and total number of lifetime sexual partners were associated with HPV infection in these women. Conclusion: We defined the incidence, risk factors, and most common types of HRHPV in a large cohort of women in West Africa. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Sally N. Adebamowo No relationship to disclose Michael Odutola No relationship to disclose Ayotunde Famooto No relationship to disclose Eileen Dareng No relationship to disclose Amos Adebayo No relationship to disclose Peter Achara No relationship to disclose Bunmi Alabi No relationship to disclose Kayode Obende No relationship to disclose Richard Offiong No relationship to disclose Sanni Ologun No relationship to disclose Clement A. Adebamowo Speakers' Bureau: Merck
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Sinkó, Gábor, and Tibor Babos. "Can Boko Haram Constitute a Threat to European Security?" Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public 19, no. 3 (2020): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2020.3.4.
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In this study, the authors seek to address the question whether Boko Haram can constitute a threat to European security. Toanswer this question, one mustanalyse recent Nigerian migration patterns to Italy, actual reports, peer-reviewed academic works, a wide variety of regional journals and media articles. By evaluating all available research sources, it can be concluded that the answer is not as clear-cut as one might thinkat first glance. On the one hand, we could argue that a terrorist group like Boko Haram cannot constitute a serious European security threat, since the majority of Nigerians arriving in Europe seems to have decided to flee their country of origin due to economic, social and security reasons, therefore, these migrants have nothing to do with terrorism. On the other hand, we could also argue that Boko Haram can pose a threat to European security, by taking advantage of migration flows and inserting its own soldiers, thus creating terrorist cells within them. We have found plenty of evidences related to the terrorist organisation’s increased use of women as soft targets and the potential re-radicalisation of traumatised children in Europe. Since its alignment with ISIL in 2015, there has been growing concern that Boko Haram could follow suit with focusing its efforts on refugees, infiltrating migration flows and thereby creating a significant security risk to Europe. However, in recent years the number of Nigerian migrants arriving in Europe has been decreasing, which could be justified by tighter links between African and European governments and by stronger European control. If this continuous cooperation and tight internal European border security andpolice procedures are to remain, there is less chance for Boko Haram to constitute a threat to European security.
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Ukanwa, Irene, Lin Xiong, and Alistair Anderson. "Experiencing microfinance." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25, no. 3 (June 18, 2018): 428–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-02-2017-0043.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the problem of why the poorest, most disadvantaged groups such as rural African women, benefit less from microfinance. The authors focus on the perception and experiences of ordinary rural entrepreneurial women on microfinance in a context of extreme poverty and where family responsibility and economic activities are closely intertwined. Design/methodology/approach The authors purposefully sampled 15 poor females with small businesses in two Nigerian villages. The key characteristic guiding the sampling was that the respondents had to be poor. The authors held two focus groups and ten interviews to capture their experience and understanding of microfinance. The authors used thematic analysis to establish patterns in the data. Findings For poor entrepreneurial women, a livelihood for survival, putting food on the table and paying school fees are priorities, not business growth. They see microcredit as debt and a great risk that could lead to irreversible losses. Family responsibilities for basic consumption needs of the household can affect their ability to repay loans; perceived dangers of microcredit may outweigh potential benefits. Research limitations/implications The theories, especially functionalist economic theory, do not take account of microfinance users’ experiences. Practical implications Microfinance should be aware that the poorest perceive microcredit differently and should eliminate the intimidating barriers raised to them. Instead of providing a means for the poor to alleviate poverty or coping strategies for them to manage cash flows and risks, microfinance causes fear and anxiety by demanding high rate of return in a very short period of time. Social implications The very poorest, who should be the beneficiaries of microfinance, are less likely to be able to benefit. The condition of poverty creates different realities for those at the base of the pyramid. Originality/value This research questions the neoliberal rationality assumptions that microfinance rest on; the paper fills a gap in the literature, i.e. how the potential borrowers themselves living in deep-rooted poverty perceive and experience microfinance.
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Smart. "A Comparative Study of Uterine Artery Doppler Parameters and Endometrial Characteristics in Women with Unexplained Infertility and Fertile Women at a Nigerian Teaching Hospital." West Africa Journal of Medicine 39, no. 5 (June 21, 2022): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.55891/wajm.v39i5.104.
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Objectives: To investigate the uterine artery Doppler parameters and endometrial characteristics in women with unexplained infertility.
Methods: A prospective case-control study of 42 women with unexplained infertility and 42 fertile controls. Their mid-luteal phase transvaginal Doppler parameters of both uterine arteries and endometrial characteristics (endometrial blood flow, thickness and volume) were investigated and analysed. P values < 0.05 was statistically significant.
Results: The mean uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) and resistivity index (RI) of the cases (women with unexplained infertility) were significantly higher compared to the values in the fertile controls (PI = 2.81±0.61 vs 2.15±0.65; p=0.001) (RI= 0.87±0.08 vs 0.82±0.07; p=0.003). In addition, the end-diastolic volume (EDV) (6.12±4.17 vs 9.37±5.14; p=0.007) and endometrial-subendometrial blood flow (p=0.036) were significantly lower in the cases compared to the controls. Multivariate logistics analysis showed that PI was independently associated with infertile status (p=0.006). There was no significant difference in the mean PSV (48.69±10.9 vs 50.58±11.30; p=0.602), endometrial thickness (10.30+3.13 vs 10.72+3.10; p=0.544), endometrial volume (7.82+1.56 vs 8.23+1.71; p=0.323), mean age (32.28±4.062 vs 31.91±3.58 years; p=0.502), body mass index (26.15±2.71kg/m2 vs 25.24±2.85 kg/m2; p=0.18) menstrual bleeding days (4.07±0.89 days vs 4.02±0.95 days; p=0.481) duration of menstrual cycle (28.02±1.09 days vs 27.64±1.36 days; p= 0.162), smoking history (p=0.909) and alcohol intake (p=0.507) of the infertile women compared with the fertile controls, respectively.
Conclusion: Women with unexplained infertility have increased uterine artery Doppler PI and RI and reduced endometrial-subendometrial perfusion compared with fertile controls.
Authors
A E Smart 1, G O Obajimi 2, A J Adekanmi 3 4, M O Obajimi 3
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Olasehinde, Olalekan, Olusegun I. Alatise, Olukayode A. Arowolo, Victoria L. Mango, Olalere S. Olajide, Adeleye D. Omisore, Carla Boutin-Foster, and Thoms P. Kingham. "Barriers to Mammography Screening in Nigeria: A Survey of Two Communities With Different Access to Screening Facilities." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 3 (October 2018): 31s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.10350.
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Purpose Breast cancer outcomes are poor in most low- and middle-income countries. This is a result, in part, of delayed presentation. Critical to improving this gloomy picture is the promotion of breast cancer screening programs; however, designing a formidable screening program requires obtaining necessary background data. This survey evaluates breast cancer screening practices and barriers in two Nigerian communities with different geographic access to screening facilities. Methods We administered a 35-item questionnaire to women age 40 years and older—1,169 participants (52.6%) in the Ife Central Local Government, where mammography services are offered, and 1,053 (47.4%) in the Iwo Local Government, where there are no mammography units. Information on breast cancer screening practices and barriers to mammography screening were compared between the two communities. Results Most women had heard of breast cancer (Ife, 94%; Iwo, 97%), but few have had any form of breast cancer screening recommended to them—37.7% of Ife respondents and 36.6% of Iwo respondents. Few women were aware of mammography (Ife, 11.8%; Iwo, 11.4%), whereas mammography uptake was 2.8% Ife respondents and 1.8% in Iwo respondents, despite the latter offering mammography services. Awareness and practice of mammography were not statistically different between the two communities ( P = .74 and P = .1 for Ife and Iwo, respectively). Lack of awareness was the most common reason cited for not undergoing mammography in both communities. Cost was also identified as a barrier, as only 20% of respondents could afford mammography. Despite being offered at little or no cost, uptake of clinical breast examination (CBE) was poor in both communities—27.4% in Iwo and 19.7% in Ife; however, the majority were willing to participate in a routine CBE-based breast cancer screening program. Conclusion Access without awareness and community mobilization does not guarantee use of breast cancer screening services. Given the above findings, a comprehensive breast health program that incorporates awareness creation, routine CBE-based screening, and selective mammography is currently underway in a selected Nigerian community. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST No COIs from the author
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Odole, Adesola C., Olawale T. Agbomeji, Ogochukwu K. K. Onyeso, Joshua O. Ojo, and Nse A. Odunaiya. "Perspectives of Nigerian Athletes About Physiotherapy Services in Sports Injury Management: Implications for Rehabilitation." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 30, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 876–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2020-0292.
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Background: Athletes’ perceptions toward physiotherapy services have an impact on their general attitude toward these services and their willingness to work together with physiotherapists for rehabilitation. The study investigated athletes’ perspectives of physiotherapy services in sports injury management. Methods: A mixed-study design of a cross-sectional survey that involved 178 conveniently sampled athletes and an explanatory qualitative study (8 purposively-selected athletes) was used. The authors assessed the participants’ knowledge and perception of physiotherapy services using the modified versions of the Athletes’ Level of Knowledge Questionnaire, Matsuno Athletes Perception Scale, and focus group discussion. The data were analyzed using chi-square, Spearman correlation at P ≤ .05, and deductive reasoning thematic analysis. Results: The age of the participants for the cross-sectional survey (131 men and 47 women) was 22.50 (7.51) years. Our results showed that the majority (91.6%) of them had adequate knowledge and (78.7%) positive perception about the role physiotherapists play in sports injury management. The participants’ knowledge of physiotherapy services had a significantly positive correlation with age (ρ = .12; P = .01), sporting years (ρ = .17; P = .02), and duration in sports council (ρ = .19; P = .01), while their perception showed a negative correlation with age (ρ = −.15; P = .05), sporting years (ρ = −.16; P = .03), and duration in sports council (ρ = −.08; P = .02). However, no significant correlation existed between the participants’ knowledge; perception and level of education; level of competition; type of sport; and type, nature, and severity of sport injury. Seven themes were generated from the focus group discussion. Conclusion: The participants reported adequate knowledge and a positive perception of physiotherapy services. The correlates of participants’ knowledge and perception of physiotherapy services are age, sporting years, and duration in the sports council. From the qualitative component of the study, the authors identified the need to provide more physiotherapy services to athletes and more facilities for physiotherapy services.
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Ogunrotimi, Olumide, and Omolara Kikelomo Owoeye. "Notions of Alienation and Motherhood in Buchi Emecheta’s The Joys of Motherhood." Crossings: A Journal of English Studies 10 (August 1, 2019): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.59817/cjes.v10i.90.
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Motherhood as an institution peculiar to women has always been reflected in diverse forms in Nigerian fiction. Whereas many authors venerate motherhood as the peak of feminine and familial achievements, some, like Buchi Emecheta, vilify it for the attendant ills experienced by women who are enmeshed in it. This paper examines Buchi Emecheta’s deconstruction of motherhood in The Joys of Motherhood with a focus on the possibility of motherhood leading ultimately to alienation. Using the theory of womanism, an African variant of feminism which exults the peculiarities of African women and their circumstances, the paper analyzes how the author frames the experience of the protagonist as a mother to interrogate how socio-cultural dynamics impact gender constructs and the larger contexts of gendered spaces. In studying the author’s textual construction of motherhood, the study discovers that the author employs specific characters as metaphorical indexicalities to denounce patriarchal and traditional feminists’ penchant for extolling and venerating motherhood at the expense of women’s search for self-realization with individual objectives that do not involve putting their womanhood in the service of society as subservient mothers with depersonalized psyches. The study concludes that the title is the author’s ironical way of positing that being a mother is not all-fulfilling, because, as textualized in the novel, motherhood can become an avenue for women’s societal oppression, exploitation, and alienation.
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Onakomaiya, Deborah, Joyce Gyamfi, Juliet Iwelunmor, Jumoke Opeyemi, Mofetoluwa Oluwasanmi, Chisom Obiezu-Umeh, Milena Dalton, et al. "Implementation of clean cookstove interventions and its effects on blood pressure in low-income and middle-income countries: systematic review." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e026517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026517.
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ObjectiveA review of the implementation outcomes of clean cookstove use, and its effects on blood pressure (BP) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).DesignSystematic review of studies that reported the effect of clean cookstove use on BP among women, and implementation science outcomes in LMICs.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed, Embase, INSPEC, Scielo, Cochrane Library, Global Health and Web of Science PLUS. We conducted searches in November 2017 with a repeat in May 2018. We did not restrict article publication date.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included only studies conducted in LMICs, published in English, regardless of publication year and studies that examined the use of improved or clean cookstove intervention on BP. Two authors independently screened journal article titles, abstracts and full-text articles to identify those that included the following search terms: high BP, hypertension and or household air pollution, LMICs, cookstove and implementation outcomes.ResultsOf the 461 non-duplicate articles identified, three randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (in Nigeria, Guatemala and Ghana) and two studies of pre–post design (in Bolivia and Nicaragua) met eligibility criteria. These articles evaluated the effect of cookstove use on BP in women. Two of the three RCTs reported a mean reduction in diastolic BP of −2.8 mm Hg (−5.0, –0.6; p=0.01) for the Nigerian study; −3.0 mm Hg; (−5.7, –0.4; p=0.02) for the Guatemalan study; while the study conducted in Ghana reported a non-significant change in BP. The pre–post studies reported a significant reduction in mean systolic BP of −5.5 mm Hg; (p=0.01) for the Bolivian study, and −5.9 mm Hg (−11.3, –0.4; p=0.05) for the Nicaraguan study. Implementation science outcomes were reported in all five studies (three reported feasibility, one reported adoption and one reported feasibility and adoption of cookstove interventions).ConclusionAlthough this review demonstrated that there is limited evidence on the implementation of clean cookstove use in LMICs, the effects of clean cookstove on BP were significant for both systolic and diastolic BP among women. Future studies should consider standardised reporting of implementation outcomes.
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Danquah, Grace. "In the Castle of My Skin: (Re)Inscribing an African “Feminist” Identity in Changes and Faceless." Interdisciplinary Literary Studies 25, no. 3 (August 2023): 271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/intelitestud.25.3.0271.
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ABSTRACT The analysis of African feminism in literary works is now a well-established area in literature. Most of the research on Changes and Faceless focuses on a thematic or stylistic study of the text. An often-underexplored area is how these two authors utilize the element of characterization to (re)inscribe the boundaries of African-centered feminist identities. To fill this gap, this article comparatively analyses the portrayal of “feminist” identity in Aidoo’s Changes (1994) and Darko’s Faceless (2003). The article reaffirms the stance assumed by Nigerian theorists like Nnaemeka, Ogundipe-Leslie, and Akachi that the feminist in Africa is accommodative, compromising, and collaborative. Using negofeminism (No ego feminism) theory as an analytical framework, this article reveals that in Faceless, the female characters who survive and thrive are those who live out the very tenets of the theory. In Changes, Esi is isolated in the end because she chose individualism over communalism. Consequently, this article extends the scholarship on literary representation of African feminism in women-authored novels. This validates the conclusion that African feminism as portrayed by Aidoo and Darko is truly representative of indigenous societies.
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Samyn, Sophie, Sarah Adeyinka, Sami Zemni, and Ilse Derluyn. "Reflections on the interplay between procedural, relational and socio-political ethics in ethnographic research with West-African women working in prostitution in Brussels." Qualitative Research Journal 20, no. 3 (June 25, 2020): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-02-2020-0009.
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PurposeThis study aims to explore and discuss the ethical challenges that the authors encountered in the SWIPSER project, a study about the well-being of West-African women who work in the red-light district in Brussels.Design/methodology/approachThe study was commissioned by the municipality of Schaerbeek and executed by a Nigerian–Belgian research team. Data were collected using a multi-method qualitative approach, predominantly through ethnographic fieldwork that consisted of detailed observations, informal interviews (with 38 participants), complemented by document analysis and stakeholder interviews.FindingsThe study presents the main ethical dilemmas in four themes: (1) representing diversity, i.e. how do we get access to all members of a migrant community that is inherently hierarchical?; (2) in the margin, i.e. how can we conduct research with undocumented migrants and what do we do when faced with violence and injustice?; (3) attraction and repulsion, i.e. what ethical consequences are involved when working in a multi-ethnic research team?; and (4) unveiling secrets, i.e. which ethical challenges are we faced with when presenting the results of research on vulnerable migrant communities?Originality/valueThis study goes beyond procedural research ethics and highlights the specific relational ethics (related to the relation between research(er) and participant) and the socio-political ethics (related to the relation between the research(er) and the socio-political context) involved in qualitative research with female migrants who work in prostitution.
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Abi-Dargham, Anissa, Christer Allgulander, O. Gureje, Rachel Jenkins, R. N. Kalaria, Brian Leonard, F. Njenga, et al. "CINP 2005 Regional Meeting, 20-22 April 2005." South African Journal of Psychiatry 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2005): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v11i1.92.
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List of abstract titles and authors:1. Antipsychotics across the spectrum: An overview of their mechanisms of actionAnissa Abi-Dargham2. Recent advances in the treatment of common anxiety disordersChrister Allgulander3. Psychiatry in Africa: The myths, the realities and the exoticO Gureje4. Mental Health policy developmet in Kenya and Tanznia - A DFID funded projectRachel Jenkins, David Kima, Joseph Mbatia, Frank Njenga5. Vascular factors in Alzheimer's diseaseR N Kalaria6. Depression as an immunologically based Neurodegenerative disorderBrian Leonard7. Eight years of progress in Arican PsychiatryF Njenga8. Treatment of Depression: Present and futureDr R.M. Pinder9. Imaging the Serotinergic system in impulsive aggressive personality disorder patientsLarry J Siever, Antonia S. New, Mari Goodman, Monte Buchsbaum, Erin Hazlett, Karen O'Flynn, Anissa Abi-argham, Marc Lauelle10. Mode of action of Atypical antipsychotic rugs: Focus on A2 AdrnoceptorsT.H. SvenssonNeuroscience: Selected Abstracts11. Chemical odulato of Fronto-execuitive functions: Neropsychiatric implicationsTrevor W Robbins12. Neural mechanisms of recognition memory and of social atacntProf. G Horn13. Estrogen signling after estrogen receptor ß (ERß)Jan-Ake Gustafsson14. Getting Lost: Hippocampal contributions to agerelated memory dysfunctionCarol BarnesMetals and the brain: Selected abstracts15. Modeling the contributin of iron mismanagement to Neurological disordersProf. J R C Connor16. Aluminium-triggered fibrillogenesis of B-AmyloidsProf. PZ Zatta, Dr D Drago, Mr G Tognon, Dr F RicchelliPsychiatry in Africa:17. Psychosocal aspects of Khat use among the youth of NairobiMs T M Khamis18. PTSD among motor vehicle accident survivors, KenyaDr F A Ongecha19. Psychiatric relities within African context - The Kenyan case StudyProf. D M N Ndetei20. Adolescent-parenta interactions from infancy, Nairobi KenyaDr L K Ksakhala, Prof. D M N Ndetei21. Alcohol use ong young persons: A focus group study in Southwest NigeriaO A Obeijide22. Personality disorders and personality traits among tyoe 2 Diabetic patientsProf. O El Rufaie, Dr M Sabosy, Dr M S Abuzeid23. Association of traumatic experiences with depression among Nigerian adolescentsDr O Omigbodun, Dr K BakareMs O B Yusuf, Dr O Esan24. Prevalence of depression among women attending outpatient clinics in MalawiDr M Tugumisirize, Prof. Agn, Dr Musisi25. Non-fatal suicidalbehaviour at the Johannesburg General HospitalDr M Y H Moosa, Prof. F Y Jeenah, Dr A Pillay, Pof. M Vorstere, Dr R Liebenberg26. Integrating mental health into general primary health care - Uganda's experienceDr N Kigozi27. Depression among Nigerian survivors of stroke:Prevalance and associated factorsDr F.O Fatoye Dr M A Komolafe, Dr A. O Adewuya, Dr B.A. Eegunranti Prof. M.A. Lawal28. NGO Involvement mental health care -The way forwardDr Basangwa29. Prevalen of Attenton Deficit Hyperactivity sorder among African school childrenDr E KashalaProf. T Tylleskar, Dr I Elgen, Dr K Sommerfelt30. Barriers to effective mental health care in NigeriaMs L. Kola31. Quay of life evaluation in patients with HIV-I infection with respect to the impact of Phyttherapy (Traditional Herb in Zimbabwe)M B Sebit, S K Chandiwaa, A S Latif, E Gomo, S W Acuda, F Makoni, J Vushe
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C. Kadiri, Goodluck, Asadu Emmanuela Uzoma, and Joekin Ekwueme. "Lexico-grammatical Analysis of AdaOkere Agbasimalo’s The Forest Dames." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.6p.1.
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The importance of language in literary discourse can never be over-emphasized. Halliday and Matthiessen (2014), in broad terms, contend that language is used to carry out interpersonal functions in speech and writing. Hence, literary writers use language creatively to communicate their intended messages to their readers. This study, therefore, explores the lexico-grammatical assessment of AdaOkere Agbasimalo’s The Forest Dames. The study aimed at identifying the prevalent linguistic tools deployed in the novel by the author, as a style index, for plot and theme developments. Also, to discuss logically how these tools contribute to project meanings in the novel. The study adopts Leech and Short’s checklist of linguistic and stylistic categories as its analytical tool. Data were extracted randomly from the novel and analyzed qualitatively at levels of lexis and structure using the checklist. The findings revealed that the authors deployed more of the major parts of speech; military registers; code mixing and switching and pidginized word/expressions to express the theme of hostility and futility of war. Also, at the grammatical level, sentences according to structure and function; inverted and elliptical sentences; adverbial and adjectival clauses were also used to expresses various themes and to develop the plots of the novel logically. It was concluded that Agbasimalo is a writer who used English creatively to express the consequences of Nigerian civil war on women and children. Conversely, it was suggested that scholars should conduct further studies on other aspects not covered in this research.
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Yahaya, Ismail, Antonio Ponce De Leon, Olalekan A. Uthman, Joaquim J. F. Soares, and Gloria Macassa. "Childhood sexual abuse among girls and determinants of sexual risk behaviours in adult life in sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 7, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-04-2014-0121.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between child sexual abuse and sexual risk behaviours as well as its potential mediators. Design/methodology/approach – This cross-sectional study used data from a cross-sectional study from 12,800 women between 15 and 49 years of age included in the 2008 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to assess the association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and sexual risk behaviours. Findings – The authors found that CSA was directly associated with sexual risk behaviours. In addition, the association between CSA and sexual risk behaviour was also partially mediated by alcohol and cigarette use. Research limitations/implications – The results show that being abused in childhood is important for the subsequent development of sexual risk behaviours in adulthood and the association is mediated by alcohol and cigarette use. Practical implications – The results may be helpful for policy makers and health care planners in designing cultural sensitive public health intervention that will reduce the burden of CSA, its long-term effects (sexual risk behaviours) and intervening mediators that increase the risks. Social implications – These findings suggest that to reduce sexual risks, interventions to address sexual abuse needs to include other social problems (smoking, alcohol) that victims result to when faced with trauma. Originality/value – The current study is the only one so far in sub-Saharan Africa to have explored the relation between CSA and sexual risk behaviours using SEM.
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Ogunniran, Iyabode. "GENDER ISSUES AND THE NIGERIAN CONSTITUTION: A RAY OF LIGHT, OR TWILIGHT ON THE HORIZON?" Gender Questions 3, no. 1 (January 13, 2016): 114–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-8457/823.
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The consensus in modern democracies is that constitutions should be based on inclusivity. However, the Nigerian constitution is replete with provisions which are interpreted to either deny the realities of women or outright discriminate against them. This article examines the intersections of gender, law and the Nigerian constitution. It argues that women have played a minimal role in the history of constitution making. The inclusion and interpretation of equality; non-discrimination; negative vs. positive rights and gender quotas are biased. The article posits that a conscious effort to give women presence in the polity started in the Nigerian Fourth Republic. The National Gender Policy mainstreamed gender to increase the participation of women in politics and hoisted favourable economic strategies. In addition, in 2014, President Goodluck Jonathan inaugurated a national conference, where far-reaching resolutions were made on gender issues. Consequently, some of the socio-economic rights have been made justiciable and imputed in the latest Constitutional Amendments Bill. An impasse between the president and the National Assembly led to his refusal to assent. The tenure of the government has ended and the resolutions of the conference may not be revisited for some time to come. In contrast to the earlier position, the Nigerian Supreme Court, in two notable decisions, strongly condemned discriminatory inheritance customary practices. The author’s finding is that constitutional amendments and a continuous active stance by the courts, amongst others, offer leeways for women’s development.
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Olaleye, Abel. "Editorial for JARER Vol 6, Issue 2, 2021." Journal of African Real Estate Research 6, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): v—vii. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/jarer.v6i2.1145.
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Welcome to Volume 6 (2021), Issue 2 edition of the Journal of African Real Estate Research (JARER). JARER has provided valuable resources that support academics and professional researchers in Africa and those interested in the African continent. Our journal offers an exciting platform for disseminating scholarly and the different types of applied research engaged within the real estate sector in Africa. This issue is coming as the first regular issue of 2021. The journal's first issue gave way for the Special Issue published in June 2021. For this reason, we want to apologize to the authors whose papers were accepted earlier in the year for the delay in publication. To forestall this situation in the future, the JARER management team has decided to start publishing individual papers in digital format on our website once accepted and while waiting to be published with a full issue at the appointed time. Karen Gibler and Geci Karuri-Sebina's diligent and painstaking efforts in supporting the journal with the successful publication of the special issue titled: Women in African Real Estate and Urban Development Research are highly appreciated. Our gratitude also goes to the journal editorial board members and the anonymous reviewers, who have been supporting and inspiring the management team, making it possible for us to improve the rate of submissions. We appreciate the continued support of the African Real Estate Society board members. Similarly, we appreciate the constant support we receive from the team and colleagues at the Library Services for the University of Cape Town, South Africa. We like to put on record the assiduous efforts of our former managing editor - Mr Luke Boyle - whose diligence and teamwork we so much enjoyed, and as he heads on to other endeavours in his life, we wish him the best. The untiring efforts of our new managing editor - Ms Lesedi Kgaka - with a view to moving the journal's operation forward and onto the next level are highly appreciated. Our thanks go to Prof. Karl-Werner Schulte and his team from the IREBS at Regensburg University, the IRES, ERES, from whom JARER continues to receive strong support. The current issue contains seven papers focusing on a wide range of topics covering diverse areas of interest in gender differential in real estate entrepreneurship, integrated rural development, housing affordability, indoor environmental quality, tenure security, resource utilization and automation in valuation. The first paper's focus is on the potential of integrated rural development schemes for improving rural housing infrastructure. A case study of the Rural Development Programme (RUDEP) of Justice Development and Peace Makers' Centre (JDPMC), a non-governmental organization in Osun State, Nigeria, was conducted. The findings led to the conclusion that the RUDEP integrated scheme could be a viable policy option for improving the condition of rural housing in Nigeria. The second paper takes a holistic view of the housing affordability problem in Africa. It considered the multifaceted nature of the problem vis-à-vis the political, social, institutional, economic and financial milieu of Africa. The paper concluded that the enormity of the problem of housing affordability in Africa is a function of, among others, the vested interest of the power brokers who were profiting from it, the market, the unwitting application of western models to Africa, poverty, and the sheer neglect by the housing policymakers of Africa of the time-tested African means of affordable housing delivery. The apparent domination of the real estate business environment by the male gender and the entrepreneurial intentions of men and women in the real estate sector are the concerns of the third paper from Nigeria. The paper studied the intentions of real estate students at three Nigerian universities to understand better barriers and supporters that shape students' entrepreneurial intentions. In doing this, the paper showed how gendered differences might impact students' entrepreneurial aspirations. The conclusion suggests gender-based differences in the entrepreneurial aspirations of real estate students in Nigeria. The fourth paper evaluated the Nigerian Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) intervention projects and space utilization in Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic (NUBAPOLY), Zaria, Kaduna state, Nigeria. The results revealed that the construction of new buildings and laboratory equipment and furniture provided the main focus of TETFund intervention projects. At the same time, the overall space utilization for NUBAPOLY stood at 43.60%. The paper recommended that TETFund ensure adequate utilization of its intervention projects through supervision and inspection. At the same time, the management of Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic should make optimum utilization of TETFund intervention projects. The fifth paper examines property valuers' perceptions of the adoption of automated valuation models (AVM) in rating valuation against the use of traditional valuation methods in Malawi. The findings showed that the general perception of Malawi's valuers towards AVM was mixed. While one school of thought gave AVM the benefit of the doubt for future incorporation into the profession if modified to suit the local environment, the other hand considered AVM a threat to the valuation profession since anyone may be deemed qualified to carry out property valuation. The conclusion was that AVM could be adopted as a supplement to the traditional valuation methods but not a replacement. The problem of land tenure security with a view to promoting and motivating land-based investment has been the focus of many countries and development partners and calls for a continuous effort at addressing this critical issue. This is the focus of the sixth paper. The paper explored the factors affecting tenure security for legal landholders in Bahir Dar City in Ethiopia. The results suggest that the perception of landholders about land tenure security was low, with consequences of disinvestment and lack of confidence of ownership on the land and property held in the city and fear of expropriation or involuntary relocation. The seventh paper is a literature review of research methods that seek to establish the measurement of individual productivity and organizational performance in office buildings containing enhanced green building features and initiatives that specifically focus on indoor environmental quality (IEQ). The paper used the PRISMA framework and included thirty-nine academic papers from 2000 to 2020 to discuss different research instruments such as post-occupancy evaluations (POE), longitudinal surveys, and interviews. The key findings highlighted that previous research measured individual productivity via self-assessment. At the same time, no research had successfully measured organizational performance within the context of green building features and initiatives. Our sincere hope that you will find the papers in this issue of the Journal of African Real Estate Research interesting, thought-provoking, and informative. We appreciate and encourage feedback from readers on their views of this and previous issues of the journal. Prof. Abel Olaleye Editor-in-Chief
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I. O, Mkpa, Erim C. M, and Anam E. "Women participation in adult literacy programs for sustainable development in Nigeria: implication for national development." Kampala International University Journal of Education 3, no. 2 (December 14, 2023): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.59568/kjed-2023-3-2-16.
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This paper examined women participation in adult literacy programmes for sustainable development as it affects national development in Nigeria. Further discussed in the paper are the concepts of women participation, adult literacy programmes and sustainable development, adult literacy programmes and national development, equality of educational opportunity, accessibility and Education for All (EFA). Learning environment, manpower requirement, family responsibility and economic background were some of the factors discussed by the authors as factors militating against women participation in adult literacy progammes. The paper also highlighted some solutions to challenges militating against women participation in adult literacy programmes in Nigeria. Solutions to the challenges were also proffered. Also, x-rayed in the paper is the modernization theory and its implication to women's participation in adult literacy programme for sustainable development. It was concluded among other things, that it is imperative for women to participate in adult literacy programmes because they occupy a sizeable number in the population of the country; as their involvement will result in reasonable sustained national development. Recommendations were finally made for further improvement in women participation in adult literacy programmes in Nigeria
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Mensah, Eyo, Offiong Ebong, Queen Ayeni, and Felix Eze. "Women as Public Transport Providers: A Qualitative Study of the Perception of Female Tricycle Riders in Nigeria." Journal of Population and Social Studies 31 (August 5, 2023): 832–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25133/jpssv312023.046.
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The public transport sector in Nigeria has often been stereotyped as male-dominated. Over the years, the upsurge in the unemployment rate and the necessity of economic empowerment have pushed women to adopt commercial tricycle riding as a livelihood. This article explores the perception of women as tricycle riders by passengers and commuters in Ikeja, Lagos State, southwestern Nigeria. The study is anchored on the social role theory, which argues that gender stereotype is a product of the gendered division of labor that assigns social roles to men and women based on culturally approved norms and standards. Data for the study were sourced through qualitative ethnographic approaches involving focus groups and semi-structured interviews with thirty participants (N = 30) who were purposively sampled. The authors argue that even though women are rising to the moment regarding competence and performance standards as tricycle riders, gender stereotypes constrain their acceptance and patronage in the business. We further demonstrate that unfavorable career evaluations promote bias against female tricycle riders. In this way, gender discrimination is deeply entrenched in the public transport sector in Nigeria. The study advocates for a more inclusive career culture and practices where men and women can feel valued and earn a living without discrimination and marginalization.
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Atuwo, Abdulbasir Ahmad. "The Writer and Society: A Literary Study of Balaraba Ramat Yakubu’s Reflections on Hausa Society." Scholars International Journal of Linguistics and Literature 5, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijll.2022.v05i02.006.
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Styles were used by different authors to ensure a proper channeling of messages from their novels to the targeted readers. Balaraba Ramat Yakubu who is among the few reputable Hausa women authors combined the position of mother, elder, leader, and responsible married woman. At the time she strived hard to acquire what can sustain her family and relatives she wrote many Hausa fiction books in which she depicted her wisdom and opinions in exposing the need to have a decent society base on her life experience, a society that respects women dignity, display honesty, discipline and promote a violent free society and encourage respect for one another. Balaraba Ramat Yakubu has tried to symbolize some of these issues in her books as her contribution towards sustaining responsible society in Nigeria, Africa, or the world at large. Styles as used by authors is a toolbox in the manipulation of their talents to expose their mission in their works. Balaraba Ramat used her styles to display her opinions on how different dimensions of our lives should be. This paper analyzes how Balaraba Ramat Yakubu addressed some of these issues and analyzes them. The paper used her Hausa novels and the academic works done on them and other things related to her. The paper, however, makes contact with both primary and secondary sources for further justifications. It however concludes with the findings that in Hausa society, men remain behind their wives in whatever they do to earn their lively hood as long as their strives do not contradict Islam and Hausa culture. Again going by the power of the pen, the paper also encourages writers especially women to use their pen as their powerful weapon to fight all forms of insurgency which rendered hundreds of thousands of women and children victims of circumstances in many African countries.
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Baobeid, Anwaar, Tara Faghani-Hamadani, Sara Sauer, Yap Boum, Bethany L. Hedt-Gauthier, Nicholas Neufeld, Jackline Odhiambo, et al. "Gender equity in health research publishing in Africa." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 7 (July 2022): e008821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008821.
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IntroductionWomen researchers find it more difficult to publish in academic journals than men, an inequity that affects women’s careers and was exacerbated during the pandemic, particularly for women in low-income and middle-income countries. We measured publishing by sub-Saharan African (SSA) women in prestigious authorship positions (first or last author, or single author) during the time frame 2014–2016. We also examined policies and practices at journals publishing high rates of women scientists from sub-Saharan Africa, to identify potential structural enablers affecting these women in publishing.MethodsThe study used Namsor V.2, an application programming interface, to conduct a secondary analysis of a bibliometric database. We also analysed policies and practices of ten journals with the highest number of SSA women publishing in first authorship positions.ResultsBased on regional analyses, the greatest magnitude of authorship inequity is in papers from sub-Saharan Africa, where men comprised 61% of first authors, 65% of last authors and 66% of single authors. Women from South Africa and Nigeria had greater success in publishing than those from other SSA countries, though women represented at least 20% of last authors in 25 SSA countries. The journals that published the most SSA women as prominent authors are journals based in SSA. Journals with overwhelmingly male leadership are also among those publishing the highest number of SSA women.ConclusionWomen scholars in SSA face substantial gender inequities in publishing in prestigious authorship positions in academic journals, though there is a cadre of women research leaders across the region. Journals in SSA are important for local women scholars and the inequities SSA women researchers face are not necessarily attributable to gender discrepancy in journals’ editorial leadership.
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J Mafiana, Joy, Sushma Dhital, Mohamednour Halabia, and Xiaohui Wang. "Barriers to uptake of cervical cancer screening among women in Nigeria: a systematic review." African Health Sciences 22, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v22i2.33.
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Background: Cervical cancer is the second most frequent cancer and cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Nigeria. The Visual inspection with acetic acid and cryotherapy "see and treat" screening approach is a feasible and effective method that can be implemented in low resource settings like Nigeria; however, screening utilization is still low.
Objective: This systematic review aims at offering a comprehensive synthesis of studies that assessed the barriers preventing women from utilizing cervical cancer screening services in Nigeria.
Methods: Electronic data search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Directory of Open Access Journals, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, and quality assessment was conducted for the included studies. Data were extracted independently by two authors and thematically analysed for barriers to cervical cancer screening utilization.
Results: Fifteen studies, consisting of 9,995 women aged 15 and above published between 2007 and 2020, were included. Frequently reported barriers to cervical screening include lack of knowledge of cervical cancer and screening, health service factors, screening is unnecessary, fear of outcome and procedure, and financial constraints.
Conclusion: Lack of adequate information about cervical cancer is a significant hindrance to screening; this factor is strongly associated with the numerous misconceptions and negative perceptions. The study highlights the need for further assessment of the sociodemographic determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake in Nigeria. Preventive strategies should be targeted at improving the dissemination of valid information, reducing the knowledge gap among women, and addressing the financial and health service factors.
Keywords: Cervical cancer screening; barriers; uptake; Nigeria; systematic review.
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George, Tayo O., Tolulope Abiola Allo, Emmanuel O. Amoo, and Olawale Olonade. "Knowledge and Attitudes about Breast Cancer among Women: A Wake-Up Call in Nigeria." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 10 (May 25, 2019): 1700–1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.221.
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BACKGROUND: Preventable deaths resulting from the scourge of breast cancer has become alarming and worrisome in many societies in developing countries, including Nigeria. Of much concern is the fact that breast cancer has continued to claim the precious lives of young, middle-aged, old, educated and non-educated women irrespective of their religion, socio-economic background and socio-demographic characteristics.
AIM: This study attempts to ascertain the knowledge and attitudes of women to breast cancer in Ogun State, Nigeria.
METHODS: The study adopts both primary and secondary data sources to examine the level of knowledge and attitude of women towards breast cancer with the view of suggesting probable solutions and recommendations for policy.
RESULTS: The result indicates that the awareness about breast cancer is overwhelming but only few women know about mammography; women in older age are 0.193 times less likely to attend breast cancer screening (p=0.000). Older women with secondary education that are either self-employed outside the home or full-time housewives are unfavourably disposed to breast cancer screening.
CONCLUSION: The authors recommend that concerned stakeholders in the health sector and policy decision makers should intensify action on cancer programmes and campaigns that could target older women especially housewives and women in middle level education.
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Joseph Omang, Antor O Ndep, Dominic Offiong, Fidelis Otu, and Kenneth Onyejose. "Malaria in Pregnancy in Nigeria: A Literature Review." International Healthcare Research Journal 3, no. 11 (February 19, 2020): 346–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0311.02315.
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Malaria is caused by the parasite plasmodium which can be spread to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. Of the five types of plasmodium (P. Falciparium, P.Ovale, P. Malaria, P. Vivax and P. Knowlesi), the plasmodium falciparium is the deadliest and affects the lives of almost 40 per cent of the world’s population with pregnant women and children under-five years of age being the most affected. This mini-review involved the collation of findings from recent studies in regards to the prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant women and infants. A systematic analysis of recent literature on the prevalence of malaria in pregnancy from many authors was carried out and the facts synthesized to make an easy read. From the analysis of literature, Ten Thousand women and 200,000 babies were reported to be dying annually from complications of malaria in pregnancy which recorded a prevalence of 85 per cent in sub-Saharan Africa. More so, Fifty per cent of pregnant women were discovered to be carrying plasmodium falciparium in their placenta without even experiencing malaria signs/ symptoms, and this development was reported to have been responsible for Twenty per cent of stillbirths and 11 per cent of all maternal deaths. Malaria infection is considered a major threat to the lives and well-being of pregnant women and infants. Therefore, stakeholders should ensure that every clinical diagnosis of malaria in pregnancy is confirmed with a laboratory plasmodium falciparium-based diagnosis before the administration of antimalarial drugs. Furthermore there should be a stepping –up on the distribution of insecticide treated nets alongside enlightenment of pregnant women on ways of preventing mosquito bite. Instituting the aforementioned approaches is key to improving the health- seeking behaviour of pregnant women in particular and the wider population in general thus enabling them to stay malaria free throughout the period of pregnancy and infancy.
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Gabi-Williams, Olatoun. "My Africa Reads." Logos 31, no. 2 (September 4, 2020): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18784712-03102002.
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‘My Africa Reads’ is a memoir that looks back at my reading history. The ‘Preamble’ identifies authors who influenced my worldview during my secondary and tertiary education in the UK and who remained my companions during the first decade of my return to Nigeria. From this immersion in Eurocentric literature, the memoir progresses to my encounter with postcolonial African literature in the collective setting of the Africa Book Group (ABG), which I joined in 2002 and led from 2014 to 2018. The memoir looks at authors and literature that the international women of ABG have engaged with, and at meetings at which guest experts spoke on aspects of African studies and affairs. It highlights the power of ABG—a shared reading experience—to advance that part of my cultural liberation facilitated by good postcolonial literature and open, unconstrained discussions with other women.
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Ojo, Solomon, and Sola Aluko-Arowolo. "Women, migration, decent work and vulnerabilities in Africa: an investigative analysis." Reality of Politics 24, no. 2 (2023): 121–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/rop2023206.
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This study investigated women, migration, decent work and vulnerabilities in Africa. Essentially, it is on record that for the last few years more female migrants have been migrating independently for work, education and as heads of households. Despite these improvements, female migrants may still face stronger discrimination, are more vulnerable to mistreatment, and can experience double discrimination as both migrants and as women in their host country in comparison to male migrants. Nonetheless, male migrants are also exposed to vulnerabilities in the migration processes. For example, records have it that every day, women across Libya who have been subjected to forced marriages, sexual abuse, and other dire situations, leave their home countries for the prospect of a better life and with longing for Europe’s safety, they are willing to face an equally perilous route ahead, with the constant risk of being returned to Libyan detention centres, where they are abused, starved, and tortured (Palmucci, 2021). It is based on this that this study was carried out using investigative analysis of women victims who are presently returnees to their home country (Nigeria). Through identified women returnees from some of these countries, most especially Libya, 15 women returnees interacted to share their experiences while outside the country for greener pastures. These 15 women returnees were able to link the authors of this study to other 29 women returnees to Nigeria in the last three to two years.
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Popoola, Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson. "Preface to the First Issue of Indian Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance." Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.52962/ipjaf.2017.1.1.5.
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It is a great pleasure and at the same time a challenge to introduce a new journal into the global community, especially when the objective is to publish high quality impactful manuscripts or papers. Although, accounting and finance studies constituted a primary focus for most of the scholars because of our understanding of their values. However, only a few of us spend much time to explore emerging areas. Notwithstanding the challenges, this journal seeks to provide readers throughout the world with technology backed quality peer reviewed scholarly articles on a broad range of established and emergent areas to accounting and finance in particular, and business, economics and social sciences in general. A one on one discussions with distinguished scholars attests to the fact that there is a dire necessity for such a journal in the Indian-Pacific axis.
In order to create a niche for IPJAF as the most authoritative journal on accounting and finance, a team of highly valuable or distinguished scholars has agreed to serve on the editorial board. I am privileged and opportune to have Associate Editor-in-Chief, Aidi Ahmi (Universiti Utara Malaysia), and Associate Editors: Muhammad Ali Abdul Hamid (University of Sharjah, UAE), Bamidele Adepoju (Bayero University), Abayomi Ambali Alaka (Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria), and Dorcas Adebola Babatunde (Afe Babalola University of Ado-Ekiti). Our editorial board members are scholars from several countries worldwide that are actively engaged in academic and professional committees, supervising doctoral thesis and doctoral teaching level courses. The Editorial Board is supported by a group of competent and experienced international review panel members from different continents of the world. With this synergy, the journal brings a significant representation of the field of accounting and finance both in established and developing areas.
Our existence is anchored on the service and dedication of IPJAF editorial board and the editorial team. This inaugural volume consists of five manuscripts. Shitu and Popoola’s article, An investigation of Socially Sustainable Behaviour of Local Players in the Supply Chain of Shea Butter: A Role Theory Perspective, explores the roles, practices, and behaviour of local supply chain stakeholders (women entrepreneurs) in Shea nut picking and Shea butter processing in Rural Borgu, Nigeria. Also, the research examines the local buying agents (LBA) who serve as the middlemen between the rural women and the exporters of Shea butter. The findings indicate that the present active engagement and practices of these local stakeholders do not align with the principles of the sustainable supply chain. The paper exposes factors such as gender disparity, weak access to financial support, and information asymmetry as major contributors to the present roles, practices, and behaviour of the local actors.
Lina and Jingga's article, Factors influencing Tax Avoidance activity: An empirical study from Indonesia Stock Exchange, examines the influence of the firm characteristics to tax avoidance activity in the listed companies in Indonesia. The paper adopts the proxies of firm size, leverage, capital intensity, inventory intensity as the business characteristics and return on asset and market-to-book ratio as control variables. The result of this research reveals that leverage has a positive influence towards tax avoidance activity, while the rest variables have no influence towards tax avoidance activity.
Adedeji, Popoola and Ong Tse San's article, National Culture and Sustainability Disclosure Practices: A Literature Review, investigates the extent to which national culture is an explanatory variable for firm’s disclosure choices for sustainable development in the advanced, emerging and developing nations of the world, especially that entities interact in globally knowledge-based economies. The paper identifies that not much work had been done in the area of traits and characteristics in specific national cultural environments and their effects on sustainability disclosures, in particular, social and environmental disclosures. The paper concludes with the recognition of the need to gear up researchers and policy making bodies to encourage advancement of studies on the intellectual capital concept and resource-based value theory to enhance sustainability development globally.
Imelda and Alodia's article, The analysis of Altman Model and Ohlson Model in Predicting Financial Distress of Manufacturing companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange, examines the accuracy of the Altman Model and the Ohlson Model in Bankruptcy Prediction. The results of the paper show that the Ohlson Model and the Logit Analysis are more accurate than the Altman Model and the Multiple Discriminant Analysis in predicting bankruptcy of manufacturing firms in the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2010-2014. The paper reveals benchmark for consideration in determining the financial distress of a company such as the ratio of retained earnings to total assets, earnings before interest and taxes to total assets, market value of equity to total liabilities, sales to total assets, debt ratio, and return on assets, working capital to total assets and net income.
Arowolo and Ahmad's article, Quality-differentiated Auditors, Block-holders and Monitoring Mechanisms, seeks to investigate how monitoring mechanisms influence the block-holders in 111 Nigerian non-financial listed companies to resolve the problem of business failures as a result of information asymmetry existing in the relationship of the managements with the shareholders. The study also investigates the mediating effect of the quality-differentiated auditors on the relationship between block-holders and monitoring mechanisms. The findings indicate that the block-holders significantly influence monitoring mechanisms. Also, the results reveal that quality-differentiated auditors positively affect monitoring mechanisms and that it significantly explains the relationship between block-holders and monitoring mechanisms.
It is my conviction that in the coming year, the vision of IPJAF to publish high quality manuscripts in the established and emergent areas of accounting and finance from academic and professional researchers will be attained, maintained and appreciated.
As you read throughout this inaugural volume of IPJAF, I would like to remind you that the success of our journal depends on your active participation and those of your colleagues and friends through submission of high quality articles for review and publication.
I assure our prospective authors, regardless of the acceptance of your manuscripts or not, to enjoy the benefits IPJAF provides about mentoring nature of our review process, which provides high quality, helpful reviews tailored to assist authors in improving their manuscripts.
I acknowledge your support as we strive to make IPJAF the most authoritative journal on accounting and finance for the community of academic, professional, industry, society and government.
Oluwatoyin Muse Johnson PopoolaEditor-in-Chiefpopoola@omjpalpha.com
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Orpin, Joy, Chris Papadopoulos, and Shuby Puthussery. "The Prevalence of Domestic Violence Among Pregnant Women in Nigeria: A Systematic Review." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 21, no. 1 (September 22, 2017): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838017731570.
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Objective: To identify, appraise, and synthesize research evidence on the prevalence of domestic violence (DV) among pregnant women in Nigeria. Method: We conducted a systematic review of all published studies between April 2004 and June 2016. Comprehensive searches were conducted on electronic databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Global Health, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Directory of Open Access Journals, Google Scholar, and electronic libraries of the authors’ institution. Identified articles were screened in two stages against the inclusion criteria with titles and abstract screened first followed by full-text screening. Selected articles were assessed using the “guidelines for evaluating prevalence studies,” and findings were synthesized narratively. Results: Among 19 studies that met the inclusion criteria, two articles were excluded due to low methodological quality and 17 articles were included in the review. The prevalence of DV during pregnancy in Nigeria ranged between 2.3% and 44.6% with lifetime prevalence rates ranging between 33.1% and 63.2%. Physical, sexual, psychological, and verbal abuses were the most frequent types of DV reported in this review. The most common perpetrators were husbands, as reported in 11 of the 17 studies. Pregnant women between the ages of 20 and 30 years were the most common victims of DV. Conclusion: Our review suggests high prevalence of DV in pregnancy among women in Nigeria and higher lifetime prevalence. However, determining an overall, synthesized accurate prevalence rate of DV within this population based on existing evidence presents a challenge. The findings have important implications for stakeholders such as planners, policy makers, maternity care providers, and researchers in public health and social policy at national, regional, and international levels toward combating the issue.
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Idowu, Ajibola, Oluseyi Kikelomo Israel, Olatayo Ayodele Aremu, and Adebowale Femi Akinwumi. "Seroprevalence and determinants of hepatitis B viral status in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in an urban community of Oyo state, South-West Nigeria." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 4139. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194467.
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Background: The burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is assuming an epidemic proportion globally, causing grave hepatic and other complications. Mother-to-child transmission is one of the main ways of acquiring the disease. It is thus incumbent on researchers to delve more into the epidemiology of HBV. The objectives of this study is to assess respondents’ knowledge on HBV, estimated the burden of the disease among pregnant women attending antennal clinics in Ogbomoso, Nigeria and identified significant determinants of HBV positive status of the participants.Methods: This facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 pregnant women recruited using systematic random technique. Pretested interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out.Results: Mean age of the respondents was 34±10 years, 90.5% of the respondents were 20-40 years old. HBV awareness level among the respondents was 51.8% and more than half (59.5%) of them possessed poor knowledge of the virus. Twelve percent (12.0%) of the respondents were seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Significant determinants of HBsAg positivity were; Level of education (AOR=0.11, CI=1.56-3.47), Socio-economic class (AOR=3.23, CI=1.48-3.02) and family type (AOR=4.51, CI=0.19-0.35).Conclusions: The burden of HBV was high among pregnant women in the study population. Awareness and knowledge of the respondent was low. Authors recommend aggressive awareness campaigns on the disease. Improving the socio-economic conditions of women will go a long way in reducing the scourge of this dreadful disease in Nigeria.
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Adisa, A. O., A. A. Olusanya, B. F. Adeyemi, A. O. L, B. Kolude, and O. O. Ogun. "Lymphoepitheloal-like carcinoma of the submandibular gland." Nigerian Dental Journal 22, no. 1 (January 22, 2015): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.61172/ndj.v22i1.53.
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Lymphoepithelial-like carcinoma (LELC) of the salivary gland is uncommon, with about 80% of these occurring In the parotid gland. Its occurrence In the submandibular gland is very rare. It has a higher Incidence In Eskimos and Orientals. Apart from a report about a North-African woman with LELC of the submandibular gland, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no other African reports In the English literature. We therefore report the case of a 3-year painless right submandibular swelling in a female Nigerian diagnosed as LELC. The patient was managed by submandibular salivary gland surgical excision with adjuvant chemotherapy and is currently disease free.
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Odedina, Stella O., IkeOluwapo O. Ajayi, Imran O. Morhason-Bello, Adenike Adeniji-Sofoluwe, Dezheng Huo, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, and Oladosu Ojengbede. "Profile of Women With Breast Disorders in Pregnancy and Lactation and Additional Investigation Uptake." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 3 (October 2018): 30s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.10340.
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Purpose The increasing incidence of breast cancer during pregnancy and postpartum in Nigeria remains a source of concern and management dilemma. Integrating a screening program into existing antenatal and postnatal services might provide a real opportunity to promptly detect and plan treatment in low-income countries. The objective of this work was to describe the profile of women referred for additional investigation after clinical breast examination (CBE) in pregnancy and during lactation and to identify factors that might influence uptake. Methods We used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach. A cross-sectional survey described 206 women who were referred for free breast ultrasound scan (BUS) after CBE at recruitment, in the third trimester, and at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum in three different public health centers in Ibadan, Nigeria. We conducted 16 in-depth interviews (IDIs) to explore reasons for their decisions on BUS. Quantitative data were summarized and multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the association between explanatory variables and BUS uptake at P < .05. IDIs were transcribed and analyzed using a thematic approach. Results Mean age of participants was 28.5 ± 5.14 years. The majority of participants (61.7%) presented for BUS. Study participants were mostly recruited from secondary health facilities (71.8%), had less than a higher national diploma education (76.7%), and were of the Yoruba ethnic group (94.7%). History of breast self-examination practice was reported by 52 participants (25.24%) and 20 (9.71%) had ever performed CBE. Women with a higher national diploma level of education or greater were more likely to have undergone BUS (adjusted odds ratio, 4.41; 95% CI, 1.13 to 17.31). Reasons mentioned during IDI for avoiding BUS were financial constraint for breast cancer treatment and management after diagnosis, fear of an unfavorable BUS report, psychological wellbeing after breast cancer diagnosis, lack of trust in the health system, lack of information on BUS, and an assumption of none or less aggressive symptoms. Most of the women interviewed (93.8%) informed their husbands about the BUS referrals and they all received support. Conclusion The majority of participants who were educated presented for BUS. Some women declined additional evaluation of their breasts for fear of financial constraints, breast cancer diagnosis, and unknown fear of psychological implications. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I = Immediate Family Member, Inst = My Institution. Relationships may not relate to the subject matter of this manuscript. For more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to www.asco.org/rwc or ascopubs.org/jco/site/ifc . No COIs from the authors.
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Noringriis, Julie A. "The Danger of a Single Story of Women: Challenging Perpetrator-Dominated Discourse through Internal Focalization and Polyvocality in Adichie's Half of a Yellow Sun." Research in African Literatures 54, no. 2 (June 2024): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.00003.
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ABSTRACT: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's 2006 novel, Half of a Yellow Sun , utilizes a nonchronological, polyvocal narrative structure to depict a group of people's lives before and during the Nigeria-Biafra War of 1967-70. Throughout its structure, the novel centers questions of authorial rights and suitability, as it through its internal metatext, "The World Was Silent When We Died," problematizes who authors stories of Biafra. Through a narratological investigation of the novel's implementation of polyvocality and internal focalization, I argue Half of a Yellow Sun refuses to provide an easily accepted authorial choice that atones Ugwu of his participation in rape. Instead, the narrative devices expose his projection toward sexual assault and reveal his misogyny toward women. The novel simultaneously condemns and accentuates the harming effects of male-dominated discourse where perpetrators control the narrative and exclude and/or skew the experiences of women victims of sexual assault as it calls for a diversity of voices.
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Dareng, Eileen O., Sally N. Adebamowo, Olabimpe Eseyin, Michael Odutola, and Clement A. Adebamowo. "Reliability of Self Reported Sexual Behaviour History." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 3_suppl (June 2016): 79s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.003913.
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Abstract 66 Sexual behaviour is an important risk factor for HPV associated cancers, which include nearly all cervical cancers, most anal cancers, and many oropharyngeal, vaginal, vulvar and penile cancers. However, in studies assessing risk of sexual behaviour and disease in low and middle income countries, there are often questions about the validity of self-reported sexual behaviour. In this study, we evaluate the reliability of self-reported sexual history among participants in a cervical cancer and HPV study in Nigeria. We studied 720 participants in a prospective cohort. We collected general sexuality and specific sexual practices information at study entry and administered the same questions at follow up after a mean period of 8.6 months. To assess reliability, we used the root mean squared approach to calculate within-person coefficient of variation(CVw) and calculated the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) using a two way, mixed effects model (continuous variables) and κ statistics (discrete variables). Of the 720 participants, 48.1% were HIV+, 49.2% were HIV- and 2.8% were unaware of their status. Agreement was higher for HIV- women than HIV+ women. Agreement for ever engaged in oral sex was moderate for HIV- women (κ = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.49 – 0.70) and fair for HIV+ women (κ = 0.37, 95%CI = 0.24 – 0.54). Similarly, agreement for ever engaging in anal sex was good among HIV- women (κ = 0.61, 95%CI = 0.10 – 0.83) and poor among HIV+ women (κ = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.10 – 0.60). Overall, the within person variability for age at sexual debut for vaginal sex (CVw =10.7, 95%CI = 10.6 – 10.7) and oral sex (CVw= 11.5, 95%CI = 11.5 – 11.6) was low. In contrast, the variability was much higher for lifetime number of partners for vaginal sex (CVw =35.2, 95% CI = 35.1 – 35.3) and oral sex (CVw = 34.0, 95%CI = 34.0– 34.1). We found report of sexual behaviour was more reliable among HIV- women than HIV+ women, and self-report of ever engaged in a sexual practice and age at initiation were more reliable than reports of frequency or number of partners. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: No COIs from the authors.
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Sani, Yahaya, and Miklas Scholz. "Gender and Other Vulnerabilities to Water–Energy Accessibility in Rural Households of Katsina State, Northern Nigeria." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 7499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127499.
Full textAbstract:
Water and energy are essential resources for all people. However, despite the availability of sufficient water and energy resources, men and women continue to be subject to unequal rights to both water and energy in terms of access, allocation, gathering, and quality of resources. Socio-economic parameters, which include gender, income, and location, are determinant factors of water and cooking energy accessibility in this study. The research aims to assess the accessibility of water and cooking fuels across female-headed households, and evaluate particular vulnerabilities and challenges faced by women and children in rural areas of Katsina State in circumstances of water and energy insecurities. A study involving a questionnaire covering 550 rural households across 11 areas in Katsina State, north-western Nigeria, was conducted. A Pearson product correlation analysis was performed to measure the strength of association between the respondents educational level and income. A chi-square test of independence was carried out to measure the degree of dependence of the households’ resources accessibility. The authors assessed the disproportionate threats and health risks linked to fetching water and gathering of fuel resources. The research findings indicate that water and energy uncertainty among women in rural households is due to unequal responsibilities associated with water- and energy-related household duties that are potentially linked to disadvantages for females, including violence, security threats, diseases, and disempowerment. To address these challenges, water and energy interventions, and important pathways for beneficial change, are proposed for rural regions in sub-Saharan Africa. This should lead to more gender equity associated with water and energy.