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Zhang, Shengkui, Yongbin Wang, Zhende Wang, Han Wang, Chao Xue, Qinglin Li, Weijun Guan, and Juxiang Yuan. "Rotating night shift work and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among steelworkers in China: a cross-sectional survey." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 77, no. 5 (February 4, 2020): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2019-106220.
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ObjectivesIn a 24/7 society, the negative metabolic effects of rotating night shift work have been increasingly explored. This study aimed to examine the association between rotating night shift work and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in steelworkers.MethodsA total of 6881 subjects was included in this study. Different exposure metrics of night shift work including current shift status, duration of night shifts (years), cumulative number of night shifts (nights), cumulative length of night shifts (hours), average frequency of night shifts (nights/month) and average length of night shifts (hours/night) were used to examine the relationship between night shift work and NAFLD.ResultsCurrent night shift workers had elevated odds of NAFLD (OR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.48) compared with those who never worked night shifts after adjustment for potential confounders. Duration of night shifts, cumulative number of night shifts and cumulative length of night shifts were positively associated with NAFLD. Both the average frequency of night shifts (>7 nights/month vs ≤7 nights/month: OR, 1.24, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.45) and average length of night shifts (>8 hours/night vs ≤8 hours/night: OR, 1.27, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.51) were independently associated with overall NAFLD after mutually adjusting for the duration of night shifts and other potential confounders among night shift workers. No significant association was found in female workers between different exposure metrics of night shift work and NAFLD.ConclusionsRotating night shift work is associated with elevated odds of NAFLD in male steelworkers.
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Zhang, Shengkui, Yongbin Wang, Qinglin Li, Zhende Wang, Han Wang, Chao Xue, Ying Zhu, Weijun Guan, and Juxiang Yuan. "Different exposure metrics of rotating night shift work and hyperhomocysteinaemia among Chinese steelworkers: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e041576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041576.
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ObjectiveTo examine the associations of rotating night shift work with hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) odds by different exposure metrics.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingOccupational physical examination centre for steel production workers, Tangshan, China.ParticipantsA total of 6846 steelworkers, aged 22–60 years, from the baseline survey of a Chinese occupational cohort.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDifferent exposure metrics of night shift work, including current shift status, duration of night shifts (years), cumulative number of night shifts (nights), cumulative length of night shifts (hours), average frequency of night shifts (nights/month), average length of night shifts (hours/night) and percentage of hours on night shifts, were used to examine the effects of past and current night shift work on HHcy odds. The total homocysteine concentration in the plasma above 15 µmol/L was defined as HHcy.ResultsCompared with those who never worked night shifts, current night shift workers had elevated odds of HHcy (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.44). Considering a person’s lifetime work schedule and compared with individuals who never worked night shifts, duration of night shifts >28 years (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.61), average frequency of night shifts >7 nights/month (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.47) and percentage of hours on night shifts >30% (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.43) were associated with higher HHcy odds. The duration of night shifts >20 years and the average frequency of night shifts >7 nights/month could significantly increase the odds of HHcy regardless of whether the average length of night shifts was greater than 8 hours/night. After stratification by sex, no significant association was found in female workers between different exposure metrics of night shift work and HHcy.ConclusionsLong duration and high frequency of night shift work are associated with higher HHcy odds among male steelworkers.
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Lechat, B., G. Naik, A. Reynolds, A. Aishah, H. Scott, K. Loffler, A. Vakulin, et al. "P074 Night-to-night variability in obstructive sleep apnoea severity is associated with hypertension and high misdiagnosis rates." SLEEP Advances 2, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021): A45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.118.
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Abstract Introduction The impact of night-to-night variability in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity on important health outcomes such as blood pressure is unknown. This study aimed to determine the effects of night-to-night variability in the apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) on hypertension risk and OSA misdiagnoses. Methods In-home nightly monitoring of 67,278 participants from 151 countries, over ~170 nights per participant between July 2020 to March 2021 using a validated under mattress sleep analyser. Blood pressure measurements were available in 12,295 participants. OSA was defined as a mean nightly AHI >15events/h. Night-to-night variability was assessed as the standard deviation of AHI across nights. Results 22.6% (95% CI: 20.9–24.3) of the cohort (13% of women, 25% of men) had an average AHI> 15 events/h sleep. The average nightly AHI variability ranged from 3±1 in people without OSA to 14±6 in people with severe OSA. Higher mean AHI (OR [95% CI], 1.44 [1.29, 1.61]) and greater nightly variability in AHI (1.57 [1.39, 1.76]) were associated with hypertension. In people with a mean AHI of ≥5 events/h, high night-to-night AHI variability was associated with a ~30% increased risk in hypertension, independent of OSA severity category. Likelihood of misdiagnosis of OSA based on a single night compared to the mean across all nights was ~20%; this decreased with more monitoring nights. Conclusions These findings highlight the novel, important information that simple multi-night monitoring of OSA can yield. This includes the potential importance of night-to-night variation and its contribution to hypertension and increased confidence of OSA diagnoses.
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Biechele, Claus Werner, Martin Glos, Ingo Fietze, Jürgen Kurths, and Thomas Penzel. "The Effect of Night Duty of Pharmacists on Sleepiness and Concentration at Daytime." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 9211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179211.
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Background: The changing responsibilities of pharmacists contribute to a lack of qualified pharmacists to fill vacant positions, particularly in rural areas. Consequently, pharmacy managers cover various duties, including an increasing number of nights being on duty that can impair daytime concentration and performance. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of night duties on daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, and concentration abilities of pharmacists. Methods: 22 pharmacists, both sexes, aged 27 to 60 years, were recruited and their sleep time, sleep efficiency, and mobility (actigraphy) were assessed during a night on duty and a control night using an actimetry. Daytime sleepiness and concentration were assessed using standardized questionnaires (ESS, KSS, d2-R). Results: Significant differences were observed between the night shift and control nights with respect to sleep time, sleep efficiency, and mobility. Daytime sleepiness was significantly increased after night shifts (ESS: 11.64 vs. 2.09; KSS: 6.77 vs. 2.41 after a night shift and control night, respectively; p < 0.001) and concentration diminished compared to control nights (d2-R KL: 220.95 vs. 260.36 after a night shift and control night, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results provide evidence that night duties lead to high daytime sleepiness in pharmacists, which in turn may negatively affect their ability to concentrate and their error rate. Existing regulations on emergency pharmacy services should be reconsidered regarding the safety of the pharmaceutical supply.
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Roberts, Spencer Stuart Haines, Wei-Peng Teo, and Stuart Anthony Warmington. "Effects of training and competition on the sleep of elite athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 8 (September 14, 2018): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099322.
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ObjectivesTo characterise the sleep of elite athletes and to identify factors associated with training and competition that negatively affect sleep.DesignPrognosis systematic review.Data sourcesThree databases (PubMed, SCOPUS and SPORTDiscus) were searched from inception to 26 February 2018.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesIncluded studies objectively reported total sleep time (TST) and/or sleep efficiency (SE) in elite athletes. Studies were required to be observational or to include an observational trial.ResultsFifty-four studies were included. During training, many studies reported athletes were unable to achieve TST (n=23/41) and/or SE (n=16/37) recommendations. On the night of competition, most studies reported athletes were unable to achieve TST (n=14/18) and/or SE (n=10/16) recommendations. TST was shorter (60 min) the night of competition compared with previous nights. SE was lower (1%) the night of competition compared with the previous night. TST was shorter the night of night competition (start ≥18:00; 80 min) and day competition (20 min) compared with the previous night. SE was lower (3%–4%) the night of night competition but unchanged the night of day competition compared with previous nights. Early morning training (start <07:00), increases in training load (>25%), late night/early morning travel departure times, eastward air travel and altitude ascent impaired sleep.ConclusionAthletes were often unable to achieve sleep recommendations during training or competition periods. Sleep was impaired the night of competition compared with previous nights. Early morning training, increases in training load, travel departure times, jet lag and altitude can impair athletes’ sleep.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017074367.
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Link, Brittany, Chih-Wei Tsai, Juan Palomo, Lydia Leung, Cynthia Cheung, and Ambrose Chiang. "0315 Exploring AHI Variability Across Nights: Insights from Wearable Technology in Patients with No or Mild OSA." SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (April 20, 2024): A135—A136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.0315.
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Abstract Introduction Night-to-night variability (NtNV) of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity is a widely recognized phenomenon in sleep testing. Studies suggested that 20% of patients with mild-to-moderate OSA may be misdiagnosed or misclassified on the first night. Multiple-night assessments utilizing wearables may present a convenient approach to enhance the reliability of OSA estimation. The Belun Sleep System (BLS-100, a.k.a., Belun Ring) is an FDA-cleared, deep-learning-powered home sleep apnea testing system. This analysis aims to assess the NtNV of Belun apnea-hypopnea index (bAHI, events/h) in subjects with no or mild OSA. Methods Participants were recruited from a dental school orthodontic clinic for multiple-night Belun Ring (BR) testing. The bAHI was derived for each night, and a reference bAHI was computed based on the mean from all nights. Linear mixed-effects (LME) models were employed to evaluate differences between night-specific bAHI (1st, 2nd, 3rd night, etc) and the reference bAHI. Results Thirty-six patients underwent BR testing, with 30 completing ≥3 nights with ≥60 mins/night. Analysis was conducted on 28 subjects with no or mild OSA: age 31.7; 73% female; BMI 24.6; average 6.5 nights (3-10); mean total sleep time 340.0 mins; average AHI 6.2; 46% no OSA and 54% mild OSA. No significant differences were observed between the first night bAHI and the reference bAHI (6.8 vs. 6.2, P=0.362). This trend held true for subgroups with no OSA (3.9 vs. 3.6, P=0.712) and mild OSA (9.3 vs. 8.5, P=0.716). The first night study misclassified 4 (14%) subjects, including 3 (10%) non-OSAs as mild OSA and 1 (4%) mild as moderate OSA (κ=0.72, P< 0.001). While the number of assessment nights was non-significant in NtNV (LME, P=0.618), a drop in misclassification from 14% to 4% after 4-night (κ=0.92, P< 0.001) suggested that a 4-night evaluation may offer a more dependable bAHI assessment. Conclusion This research marks the first exploration into the AHI NtNV utilizing wearables in subjects with no or mild OSA. No significant bAHI differences were observed across the nights. A 4-night assessment may provide a more reliable OSA estimation within this particular population. Further investigation into AHI NtNV utilizing BR in moderate-to-severe OSA is warranted. Support (if any)
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Rosenberg, C. "0576 Variation in Night to Night Home Sleep Testing." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.573.
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Abstract Introduction Home sleep testing (HST) is becoming common in the evaluation of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Studies confirmed good HST AHI correlations from different nights in a single patient. The following reviewed AHI and additional measures from HST’s. (Alice Night One)) Methods We collected data from 20 patients from two consecutive nights of HST’s. 5 F 15 M, means AGE 49 (sd 14) and BMI 36 (sd 8). Both studies had over 4 hours of good sleep and acceptable data. Measures include abs(Night 1- Night 2) of AHI (Diff.AHI), of mean EKG (Diff.EKG) mean time SaO2 less than 90% (Diff.SaO2). Results These results reproduced the strong correlation of AHI, Time SaO2 less than 90 %: and mean EKG between two nights, .96, .72, .87 respectively. There was a strong correlation between Diff.AHI and Diff.SaO2, .63 (p .003). There were weaker correlations between AHI and Time SaO2 less than 90% on Night 1, .67 and Night 2, .75. Linear regression: Diff.AHI on Age (p=.2), BMI (p = .9), and Diff.EKG (p=.4). Conclusion These results again validate the small degree of AHI variation in night to night HST. They confirm a small degree of variation in the mean EKG and Time SaO2 less than 90%. There is a high correlation between AHI and time SaO2 less than 90% as these variables are dependent and the fall in SaO2 is used to define an event, especially on the HST. The BMI did not explain variation in AHI, there is a low correlation between AHI and BMI. Age could be a factor in AHI variation; yet, this is highly speculative with an N = 20. The correlations between AHI and Time SaO2 less than 90% are likely to be due to the relative health of the subjects and small number of subjects. One night of good, greater than 4 hours HST may be sufficient. This study did not evaluate success in meeting these parameters with a single night of testing. Support Louis B Stokes VHA, Cleveland, OH
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Chowdhary, Apoorva, John A. Davis, Leona Ding, Parisa Taravati, and Shu Feng. "Resident Sleep During Traditional Home Call Compared to Night Float." Journal of Academic Ophthalmology 15, no. 02 (July 2023): e204-e208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1775578.
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Abstract Purpose This article aims to compare resident sleep while on night float with a traditional home call. Methods We conducted a crossover observational study assessing sleep patterns of seven postgraduate year-2 ophthalmology residents at the University of Washington from 2019 to 2021 using the Fitbit Alta HR device. Overnight call was scheduled from 5 p.m. to 8 a.m. on weekdays, and 8 a.m. to 8 a.m. on weekends. The residency program implemented a partial night float rotation, during which two to three nights of consecutive call were assigned to a resident without other clinical duties. Sleep was recorded using the Fitbit Alta HR for residents while on a 5-week partial night float rotation, on 10-week home call rotations, with postcall relief, and for stretches of seven or more days without call responsibilities. Mixed model regression analysis was used to compare average sleep on home call, night float, and periods without call. Results Sleep data were recorded for a total of 1,015 nights, including 503 nights on home call rotation and 230 nights on night float rotation. Residents slept more during periods away from call compared to either night float or home call rotations (p < 0.001). Residents experienced increased average overall sleep during 10-week rotations on night float compared to home call (p = 0.008). While there was no difference in overnight sleep on call between night float and home call (p = 0.701), residents experienced more sleep overall while on call on night float compared to home call due to more sleep being recorded during postcall naps (p = 0.016). Conclusion Implementing a night float system can increase resident sleep by allowing for more sleep recovery during time away from clinical duties.
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Elkhadem, Alexandria, Jared Saletin, Caroline Gredvig-Ardito, John McGeary, and Mary Carskadon. "050 Evening Alcohol Consumption and Slow Wave Sleep: Impact on Morning Hippocampus-Dependent Learning across Three Nights." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.049.
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Abstract Introduction Numerous studies interrogated the relationship between alcohol and a single night of sleep. Yet, many adults engage in cumulative days of drinking. Previous studies show alcohol on a single night increases slow wave sleep in the first third of night. Similarly, sleep has been associated with the success of daytime learning. Our goal was to investigate across three consecutive nights how evening alcohol use and nighttime sleep are associated with morning learning. Methods 23 adults (11F, mean age 33.5±12 years) completed six nights of PSG monitored sleep. Participants consumed alcohol with a target 0.08 breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) and no alcohol on three consecutive nights in counterbalanced order. Percent of slow wave sleep (SWS%) in the first third of the night was derived. Learning was assessed each morning with distinct stimuli on the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). The MST score derived was the Lure Discrimination Index (LDI), defined as the proportion of similar images correctly identified minus the proportion of old images incorrectly identified. Results SWS% during the first third of the night was greater for alcohol nights compared to non-alcohol nights (F(1, 110)=10.891, p=0.01). However, there was no evidence that either night number or the interaction of drink content and night number affected %SWS in the first third of night (all p’s > 0.05). There was a modest decrease in LDI on mornings following alcohol consumption; however, this effect was not significant. In a separate linear mixed-effect model we found no evidence for an effect of night number, drink content, or their interaction on MST LDI scores (all p’s > 0.05). Conclusion Our results indicate that slow wave sleep in the first third of the night is sensitive to evening alcohol consumption. Despite prior literature associating slow wave sleep with next-day learning, we observed no effect of alcohol or night number on morning learning. It is possible that the small sample size contributed to our results. There is little prior research on the cumulative effects of alcohol on sleep and learning; our study adds to this area of research despite the negative findings. Support (if any) R01AA025593
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Vreeland, Susan. "A Night Different From All Other Nights." Missouri Review 21, no. 1 (1998): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.1998.0036.
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McCullar, Katie, David Barker, John McGeary, Caroline Gredvig-Ardito, Jared Saletin, and Mary Carskadon. "0048 Investigating the Effects of Consecutive Nights of Pre-sleep Alcohol Use on Sleep Spindle Density and Distribution." SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (April 20, 2024): A22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.0048.
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Abstract Introduction We previously reported the impact of consecutive nights of alcohol on sleep macrostructure variables. Sleep spindle density and distribution, however, remain unexamined in response to alcohol. This report tests the hypothesis that sleep spindle density will be lower following pre-sleep alcohol and most affected early in the sleep period. Methods Thirty (15F; ages=22-57, mean=33) healthy adult participants took part in a crossover, within-subjects study with two 3-night in-lab conditions: a Mixer + Alcohol condition targeted a BrAC of 0.08 mg/L and a counter-balanced Mixer-only condition; conditions were separated by ≥ 3 days. All drinking ended 1 hour before lights out. Sleep EEG derivations C3-A2 and C4-A1 were submitted to a validated sleep spindle detection algorithm (Ferrarelli, et al., 2007). Sleep spindle density in NREM sleep (#/min; Stages 2-4) was averaged between channels and submitted to a series of linear mixed-effects models. A first, 2x3 model examined the factors beverage and night (Nights 1-3) on NREM spindle density. Next, data were stratified into thirds of the night, with the model repeated for each third. Results A main effect of alcohol on sleep spindle density across the whole night was identified (F(1,145)=5.33, p=.022). Sleep spindle density was lower on Mixer + Alcohol nights (1.6±0.7 spindles/min) vs Mixer-only (1.9±0.5 spindles/min). No effect of Night(1-3) or interaction of beverage and night was observed (p’s>.05). Next, we identified opposing effects of alcohol on sleep spindle density in early vs. late sleep. In the first third of the night sleep spindle density was lower on Mixer + Alcohol nights (0.4±0.3 spindles/min) compared to Mixer-only (0.9 ± 0.3 spindles/min; F(1,145)=8.33, p<.01)). In the final third of the night, spindle density was conversely higher in the Mixer + Alcohol nights (2.9±1.1 spindles/min) compared to Mixer-only (2.1±0.8 spindles/min; F(1,145)=4.1, p=.03)). No other effects were identified (p’s>.05). Conclusion Alcohol use prior to sleep resulted in reduced sleep spindle density early in the night and higher spindle density late in the night. No effects of consecutive nights were observed. These differences add to a growing discussion of the impact that alcohol has on sleep physiology across the night. Support (if any) R01AA025593
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Galway, Niamh Catherine, Barbara Maxwell, Michael Shields, and Dara O'Donoghue. "Use of oximetry to screen for paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea: is one night enough and is 6 hours too much?" Archives of Disease in Childhood 106, no. 1 (August 11, 2020): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-318559.
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IntroductionNocturnal pulse oximetry can be used to screen for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) using the McGill Oximetry Score (MOS). The MOS has a time threshold for a technically adequate study of 6 hours. It has been suggested that one night of oximetry is sufficient to screen for OSA using the MOS.Aims(1) To evaluate night-to-night variation of the MOS. (2) To determine the impact of recording three nights of oximetry on the screening yield for OSA. (3) To explore whether useful MOS data are discarded when a threshold of 6 hours of oximetry recording is used.MethodsA retrospective study of nocturnal pulse oximetry done at home over three consecutive nights in paediatric patients with suspected OSA. Studies were scored (MOS) using thresholds of ≥6 and ≥4 hours of recording.ResultsA total of 329 patients were studied. MOS scores over three nights showed only fair to moderate agreement. On the first night 126 patients (38%) screened positive for OSA. When three nights of oximetry were done 195 patients (59%) screened positive on at least one of the nights. There were 48 patients with studies of between 4 and 6 hours duration on one or more nights. If these studies are scored 20 patients (42%) would screen positive for OSA on at least one night based on scoring these studies alone.ConclusionOne night of oximetry screening may not be sufficient to screen for OSA. Lowering the time threshold to ≥4 hours may increase the screening capability of nocturnal oximetry.
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ANDERSON, JACK. "NIGHT SONG NAMING NIGHT." Yale Review 103, no. 2 (2015): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tyr.2015.0098.
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Bianchini, Franco. "Night Cultures, Night Economies." Planning Practice & Research 10, no. 2 (May 1995): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02697459550036667.
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ANDERSON, JACK. "NIGHT SONG NAMING NIGHT." Yale Review 103, no. 2 (March 11, 2015): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/yrev.12260.
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Gregson, R. "All night, every night." BMJ 299, no. 6706 (October 21, 1989): 1049–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.299.6706.1049.
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Monk, Timothy H., and Jon A. Wagner. "Social Factors Can Outweigh Biological Ones in Determining Night Shift Safety." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 31, no. 6 (December 1989): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872088903100608.
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Ten years of mining accidents were surveyed in order to determine the pattern of changes over a seven-night span of duty. Sunday nights always occurred as the fourth night shift. Contrary to the gradually decreasing pattern predicted by biological clock adjustment, Sunday nights were by far the worst for accidents, suggesting that the social disruptions of the night worker on weekends may be far more potent than the biological ones.
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Li, Qinglin, Shengkui Zhang, Han Wang, Chao Xue, Xiaohong Zhang, Sheng Qin, and Juxiang Yuan. "Rotating night shift work, sleep duration and elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase among steelworkers: cross-sectional analyses from a Chinese occupational cohort." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (December 2021): e053125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053125.
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ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the separate and combined effects of rotating night shift work and lifestyle factors with elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) among steelworkers.Design, setting and participantsThis cross-sectional study used the baseline information from a Chinese occupational cohort. The in-service workers of the production department of Tangsteel Company who participated in the occupational health examination in Tangshan from February to June 2017 were selected as the research objects.Main outcome measuresThe separate and combined effects of rotating night shift work and lifestyle factors with elevated GGT among steelworkers.ResultsThe information of 7031 subjects from the production department of Tangsteel Company was analysed. Results showed that the current shift workers and the workers with the duration of night shifts>19 years, the cumulative number of night shifts>1774 nights, the average frequency of night shifts≤7 nights/month and the average frequency of night shifts>7 nights/month had elevated odds of elevated GGT, compared with those who never worked night shifts, and ORs, (95% CIs) were 1.39, (1.10 to 1.75), 1.46, (1.15 to 1.86), 1.46, (1.15 to 1.85), 1.34, (1.04 to 1.73) and 1.37, (1.09 to 1.74) after adjustment for potential confounders. The independent effect of shorter sleep duration (<7 hours/day) on elevated GGT was not statistically significant. Among workers who had shorter sleep duration, the association between rotating night shift work and elevated GGT was statistically significant, but no associations were found among workers with the sleep duration of ≥7 hours/day. In addition, other lifestyle factors affected the association between rotating night shift work and elevated GGT.ConclusionsRotating night shift work is associated with elevated GGT among steelworkers. In particular, the effect of rotating night shift work on elevated GGT was affected by sleep duration and other lifestyle factors.
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Cala, S. J., P. Sliwinski, M. G. Cosio, and R. J. Kimoff. "Effect of topical upper airway anesthesia on apnea duration through the night in obstructive sleep apnea." Journal of Applied Physiology 81, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 2618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.6.2618.
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Cala, S. J., P. Sliwinski, M. G. Cosio, and R. J. Kimoff.Effect of topical upper airway anesthesia on apnea duration through the night in obstructive sleep apnea. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2618–2626, 1996.—It has previously been reported that the duration of obstructive apneas increases from the beginning to the end of the night (M. Charbonneau, J. M. Marin, A. Olha, R. J. Kimoff, R. D. Levy, and M. Cosio. Chest 106: 1695–1701, 1994). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that stimulation of upper airway (UA) sensory receptors during obstructed inspiratory efforts contributes to arousal and apnea termination and that a progressive attenuation of this mechanism through the night contributes to apnea lengthening. We studied seven patients (six men, one woman) with severe obstructive sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index = 93 ± 26 events/h) during two consecutive nights of polysomnographic monitoring. On one night (random order), we performed topical UA anesthesia with 0.2% tetracaine and on the control night, sham anesthesia. We measured apnea duration, esophageal pressure (Pes) during apneas, and apneic O2 desaturation. Consistent with previous findings, apnea duration, number of efforts per apnea, and peak Pes at end apnea increased from the beginning to the end of the control nights. UA anesthesia produced a significant increase in apnea duration at the beginning of the night but no change in apnea length at the end of the night. Peak Pes and the rate of increase in Pes during the anesthesia nights were greater than during control nights, but the rate of increase in Pes was similar for the beginning and end of the control and anesthesia nights. These findings suggest that UA sensory receptors play a role in mediating apnea termination at the beginning of the night but that the contribution of these receptors diminishes as the night progresses such that greater inspiratory efforts are required to trigger arousal, leading to apnea prolongation.
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Zhang, Yuan, Heidi Lammers-van der Holst, Laura Barger, Audra Murphy, Salim Qadri, Joseph Ronda, Brian Desnoyers, and Jeanne Duffy. "0249 Individual differences of sleep pattern and duration between two consecutive night shifts among night workers." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0249.
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Abstract Introduction Working at night leads to shortened and disturbed daytime sleep. Night workers usually adopt one of several sleep patterns between consecutive nights: sleeping right after night work (morning sleep), delaying sleep to the afternoon (afternoon sleep), or dividing sleep into two or more episodes (split sleep). However, few studies have examined sleep pattern and duration between consecutive nights in real-world workers. The objective of this study was to examine individual differences in sleep pattern and duration when working consecutive night shifts. Methods Night workers (n=241, 43.0±16.5y, 67.2% female) from various occupations who reported working consecutive nights completed an online survey. The survey included questions on socio-demographics and daytime sleep and nap schedules. Sleep pattern (morning vs. afternoon vs. split) and total sleep time (sleep+naps) were derived from survey responses. Cross-tabulations and ANOVA were conducted. Results On average, night workers reported a total daytime sleep of 5.37±2.69 hours (range 0-14.25 hours). 65.1% reported morning sleep, 10% afternoon sleep, and 24.9% split sleep. Split sleepers (6.78±2.13 hours) reported longer total sleep than morning (4.86±2.75 hours) or afternoon (5.11±2.37 hours) sleepers. Younger age (< 50y), single marital status, shorter night shift tenure (≤10 years), working ≤3 consecutive shifts, and having ill or disabled dependents were associated with greater prevalence of morning sleep; older age (≥50y), married or separated/widowed, >10 years night shift tenure, working ≥4 consecutive shifts, and having no dependents were associated with greater prevalence of afternoon or split sleep. Having childcare responsibility was associated with more split sleep than no children. Similarly, younger age (< 50y), singles, shorter night shift tenure, working three or fewer consecutive shifts, having ill or disabled dependents, and having a second job were associated with shorter total sleep. However, having childcare responsibility was associated with greater total sleep. Conclusion Sleep timing and duration between consecutive nights were influenced by age, marital status, dependents, night work tenure, and number of consecutive night shifts. Future studies are needed to explore what sleep pattern is most beneficial for sleep, performance, safety, and health outcomes of these workers. Support (if any) The study was supported by grant R01 AG044416 from the US National Institutes of Health.
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Davidson, Terence M., Philip Gehrman, and Henry Ferreyra. "Lack of night-to-night variability of sleep-disordered breathing measured during home monitoring." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 82, no. 2 (February 2003): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556130308200215.
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The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is an important objective measure used in the diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing. In affected patients, the AHI has been reported to vary across successive nights. We conducted a multichannel home sleep study on 44 patients with sleep-disordered breathing to determine whether the AHI does indeed vary and, if so, to quantify the degree of night-to-night variability. Of this group, 23 patients were tested for 3 consecutive nights and 21 were tested for 2 consecutive nights. Among the group as a whole, we found no statistically significant change in AHI across nights, although we did identify variations among individual patients.
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Burke, Rachael M., Barbara Maxwell, Carolyn Hunter, David Graham, Dara O'Donoghue, and Michael D. Shields. "Night-to-night variation of pulse oximetry in children with sleep-disordered breathing." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 12 (March 11, 2016): 1095–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-308981.
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BackgroundSleep-disordered breathing is a common and serious feature of many paediatric conditions and is particularly a problem in children with Down syndrome. Overnight pulse oximetry is recommended as an initial screening test, but it is unclear how overnight oximetry results should be interpreted and how many nights should be recorded.MethodsThis retrospective observational study evaluated night-to-night variation using statistical measures of repeatability for 214 children referred to a paediatric respiratory clinic, who required overnight oximetry measurements. This included 30 children with Down syndrome. We measured length of adequate trace, basal SpO2, number of desaturations (>4% SpO2 drop for >10 s) per hour (‘adjusted index’) and time with SpO2<90%. We classified oximetry traces into normal or abnormal based on physiology.Results132 out of 214 (62%) children had three technically adequate nights’ oximetry, including 13 out of 30 (43%) children with Down syndrome. Intraclass correlation coefficient for adjusted index was 0.54 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.81) among children with Down syndrome and 0.88 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.91) for children with other diagnoses. Negative predictor value of a negative first night predicting two subsequent negative nights was 0.2 in children with Down syndrome and 0.55 in children with other diagnoses.ConclusionsThere is substantial night-to-night variation in overnight oximetry readings among children in all clinical groups undergoing overnight oximetry. This is a more pronounced problem in children with Down syndrome. Increasing the number of attempted nights’ recording from one to three provides useful additional clinical information.
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Rippole, D., J. Schirm, and E. Nofzinger. "0515 Durability of Effects of Forehead Cooling on EEG Sleep Measures in Insomnia Patients from 2- to 30-Nights Use and 6-Month Safety Results." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.512.
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Abstract Introduction Forehead cooling has previously been shown to improve EEG sleep measures in insomnia patients when applied for 2 nights. The current study assessed the durability of these effects after 30 days in home use as well as safety over 6 months in home use. Methods This was a prospective, open label trial involving 32 adults meeting diagnostic criteria for primary insomnia who previously had participated in a 2 night in lab EEG sleep study. In the current study, participants received an additional 30 nights in home treatment, then had repeat EEG sleep studies performed to determine if effects noted at 2 nights remained durable after 30 days. Subjects also participated in an open label 6-month in-home use safety study. Results Baseline, 2-night and 30-night EEG sleep measures for sleep latency were 80.7 ± 73.8, 25.3 ± 22.6, 26.2 ±25.8 minutes (2- to 30-night difference p=0.81, NS) and for sleep efficiency were 67.4 ± 15.7, 81.4 ± 11.2, 83.2 ± 13.6 (2- to 30-night difference p=0.18, NS). Subjective sleep quality (0-100 scale with 100=best) at baseline, 2-night and 30-nights were 29.8 ± 15.2, 48.3 ± 20.2, 57.2 ± 21.1 (linear improvements significant over time p<0.001). No adverse effects were seen across 6-months use. Conclusion Forehead cooling demonstrated durability of effects on EEG sleep measures from 2- to 30-nights use. Continuing improvements in subjective sleep quality when measured over time from baseline assessments to the end of the 30-night in-home use period were noted. Forehead cooling was safe over 6 months use in the home as evidenced by no serious device related adverse events. Support Ebb Therapeutics, Pittsburgh, PA 15222
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Ben-Ari, Eyal. "Night special: What happens at night, stays at night." New Scientist 220, no. 2945 (November 2013): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(13)62798-0.
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Zhang, Shengkui, Han Wang, Yongbin Wang, Miao Yu, and Juxiang Yuan. "Association of Rotating Night Shift Work with Body Fat Percentage and Fat Mass Index among Female Steelworkers in North China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 6355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126355.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of rotating night shift work with body fat percentage (BF%) and fat mass index (FMI). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 435 female steelworkers, aged 26–57 years in Tangshan, China. BF% was assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis and FMI was calculated. Different exposure metrics of night shift work were used to examine the effects of night shift work on BF% and FMI. The duration (years), cumulative number (nights), and cumulative length of night shifts (hours) were positively correlated with FMI and BF%, and these relationships were independent of body mass index (BMI). Compared with day workers, night shift workers with an average frequency of night shifts >7 nights/month (odds ratio (OR) 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17 to 5.35) and percentage of hours on night shifts >30% (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.21 to 5.39) had elevated odds of obesity (BF% ≥ 35.0%). Nonobese night shift workers by the BMI criterion should also be alert to the risk of the excess accumulation of body fat, which is actually responsible for most obesity-associated adverse health consequences. Health interventions for related populations need to be improved, which is currently more focused on overall weight control.
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Murphy, SP, A. Fuller, AJ Bentley, and I. Avidon. "The effects of three days of sub-maximal-intensity mountain biking on sleep." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 23, no. 1 (March 30, 2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2011/v23i1a357.
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Objectives. We determined the effect of three consecutive days of sub-maximal-intensity mountain biking (4.5 hours per day, ~64 km per day), on the sleep of ten healthy, trained male and female mountain bikers. Methods. The sleep of the mountain bikers was assessed both subjectively (visual analogue scales and sleep questionnaires) and objectively (activity data logger) on each night of mountain biking and for seven nights when they were not cycling (pre-exercise, mean of seven nights). The cyclists’ mood and muscular pain were assessed each night using visual analogue scales. The cyclists slept at home in their normal environment. Results. There was no significant difference between the mountain bikers’ muscular pain and mood (calm/anxious visual analogue scale) measured during the pre-exercise stage and their pain and mood measured on each of the mountain biking nights (p>0.05). However, compared with the pre-exercise stage, the mountain bikers reported that they were significantly more tired (tired/energetic visual analogue scale) on each night of cycling (p<0.01). The sleep of the mountain bikers was disrupted on the night of the third day of mountain biking only. On this night, compared with the pre-exercise stage, the mountain bikers reported that they woke up more during the night (double the number of times) (p<0.001), and an activity data logger recorded that they were awake for about half an hour longer during the night (p<0.05). Conclusion. We have shown that three days of repeated, endurance sub-maximal mountain biking disrupted the sleep of the mountain bikers on the third night of cycling.
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Starrett, Mark C., Frank A. Blazich, and Stuart L. Warren. "Initial Growth of Rosebay Rhododendron Seedlings as Influenced by Day and Night Temperatures." HortScience 28, no. 7 (July 1993): 705–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.7.705.
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Rosebay rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum L.) seedlings were grown in controlled-environment chambers for 14 weeks under long (9-hour) days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C in factorial combination with 15-hour nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C. Total dry-matter production was lowest for 18C days and highest for 26C days. A similar response occurred for top, leaf, root, and stem dry weights. Nights at 22C maximized total plant, top, leaf, and stem dry weights. The optimum day/night cycle for dry-matter production was 26/22C. Leaf area was optimum with 18C nights. Leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) increased with an increase in night temperature to a maximum at 22C. Root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight) decreased with an increase in night temperature to a minimum at 22C. Stem weight ratio (stem dry weight: total plant dry weight) and shoot: root ratio (top dry weight: root dry weight) were not influenced significantly by day or night temperature. A day/night cycle of 26/22C seems to be optimal for producing-salable plants.
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Endo, Takuro, Corinne Roth, Hans-Peter Landolt, Esther Werth, Daniel Aeschbach, Peter Achermann, and Alexander A. Borbély. "Selective REM sleep deprivation in humans: effects on sleep and sleep EEG." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): R1186—R1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.4.r1186.
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To investigate rapid eye movement (REM) sleep regulation, eight healthy young men were deprived of REM sleep for three consecutive nights. In a three-night control sleep deprivation (CD) session 2 wk later, the subjects were repeatedly awakened from non-REM sleep in an attempt to match the awakenings during the REM sleep deprivation (RD) nights. During the RD nights the number of sleep interruptions required to prevent REM sleep increased within and across consecutive nights. REM sleep was reduced to 9.2% of baseline (CD nights: 80.7%) and rose to 140.1% in the first recovery night. RD gave rise to changes in the EEG power spectra of REM sleep. Power in the 8.25- to 11-Hz range was reduced in the first recovery night, an effect that gradually subsided but was still present in the third recovery night. The rising REM sleep propensity, as reflected by the increase of interventions within and across RD nights, and the moderate REM sleep rebound during recovery can be accounted for by a compensatory response that serves REM sleep homeostasis. The changes in the electroencephalogram power spectra, which were observed during enhanced REM sleep propensity, may be a sign of an altered quality of REM sleep.
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Pennestri, Marie-Hélène, Rebecca Burdayron, Samantha Kenny, Marie-Julie Béliveau, and Karine Dubois-Comtois. "Sleeping through the night or through the nights?" Sleep Medicine 76 (December 2020): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.10.005.
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Bain, Caroline L., Douglas J. Parker, Christopher M. Taylor, Laurent Kergoat, and Françoise Guichard. "Observations of the Nocturnal Boundary Layer Associated with the West African Monsoon." Monthly Weather Review 138, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 3142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010mwr3287.1.
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Abstract A set of nighttime tethered balloon and kite measurements from the central Sahel (15.2°N, 1.3°W) in August 2005 were acquired and analyzed. A composite of all the nights’ data was produced using boundary layer height to normalize measured altitudes. The observations showed some typical characteristics of nocturnal boundary layer development, notably a strong inversion after sunset and the formation of a low-level nocturnal jet later in the night. On most nights, the sampled jet did not change direction significantly during the night. The boundary layer thermodynamic structure displayed some variations from one night to the next. This was investigated using two contrasting case studies from the period. In one of these case studies (18 August 2005), the low-level wind direction changed significantly during the night. This change was captured well by two large-scale models, suggesting that the large-scale dynamics had a significant impact on boundary layer winds on this night. For both case studies, the models tended to underestimate near-surface wind speeds during the night, which is a feature that may lead to an underestimation of moisture flux northward by models.
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Poirier, Abbey, and Penny Corkum. "Night-to-Night Variability of Sleep in Children With ADHD and Typically Developing Controls." Journal of Attention Disorders 22, no. 10 (March 18, 2015): 942–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715575065.
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Objective: Research results on the nature of sleep problems in children with ADHD are highly inconsistent. It is frequently reported that children with ADHD show more night-to-night variability in sleep than their typically developing (TD) peers, but this finding is also inconsistent. Lack of methodological control may account for these inconsistent findings. The current study examined the night-to-night variability of sleep between TD children and children with ADHD who were rigorously diagnosed, medication naïve, and free from comorbid mental health disorders. Method: Sleep parameters were analyzed for night-to-night variability across 4 weekday nights using actigraphy in 50 children with ADHD and 50 age- and sex-matched TD children. Results: There was a significant night-to-night variability for only sleep duration, but this was similar in both groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that sleep problems in children with ADHD are not due to greater variability in sleep parameters relative to their TD peers.
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Singh, Bir, Luke Haley, Jamie Nightengale, Won Hee Kang, Candace H. Haigler, and A. Scott Holaday. "Long-term night chilling of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) does not result in reduced CO2 assimilation." Functional Plant Biology 32, no. 7 (2005): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp05018.
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The aim of this study was to characterise the response of CO2 assimilation (A) of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to short- and long-term exposures to night chilling. We hypothesised that short-term exposures to night chilling would induce reductions in gs and, therefore, A during the following days, while growth of cotton plants for several weeks in cool night conditions would cause elevated leaf carbohydrate content, leading to the down-regulation of the capacity for A. Transferring warm-grown seedlings of wild type cotton, transgenic cotton with elevated sucrose-phosphate synthase activity (SPS+) that might produce and export more sucrose from the leaf, and a segregating null to cool nights (9°C minimum) for 1 or 2 d caused a small reduction in A (12%) and gs (21–50%) measured at 28°C. Internal CO2 did not change, suggesting some biochemical restriction of A along with a gs restriction. After 30 d, new leaves that developed in cool nights exhibited acclimation of A and partial acclimation of gs. Despite the elevated leaf carbohydrate content when plants were grown to maturity with night chilling, no reduction in A, gs, carboxylation capacity, electron transport capacity, or triose-phosphate utilisation capacity occurred. Instead, growth in cool nights tended to retard the diminishing of photosynthetic parameters and gs for aging stem and subtending leaves. However, elevated SPS activity did not affect any photosynthetic parameters. Therefore, when cotton that is well fertilised with nitrogen is grown with continuous night chilling, photosynthesis should not be negatively affected. However, an occasional exposure to cool nights could result in a small reduction in A and gs for leaves that have developed in warm night conditions.
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Jamieson, Valerie. "Night special: When lights go out, the sky comes alive [OR Night special: Starry, starry nights]." New Scientist 220, no. 2945 (November 2013): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(13)62804-3.
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McHill, Andrew W., and Kenneth P. Wright. "Cognitive Impairments during the Transition to Working at Night and on Subsequent Night Shifts." Journal of Biological Rhythms 34, no. 4 (May 9, 2019): 432–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730419848552.
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Demands of modern society force many work operations into the night when the internal circadian timekeeping system is promoting sleep. The combination of disturbed daytime sleep and circadian misalignment, which is common in overnight shift work, decreases cognitive performance, yet how performance may differ across multiple consecutive nights of shift work is not fully understood. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to use a simulated night-shift protocol to examine the cognitive performance and ratings of sleepiness and clear-headedness across the hours of a typical daytime shift, a first night shift with an afternoon nap and extended wakefulness, and 2 subsequent overnight shifts. We tested the hypothesis that cognitive performance would be worse on the first night shift as compared with the baseline and subsequent nighttime shifts and that performance during nighttime shifts would be reduced as compared with the baseline daytime shift. Fifteen healthy adults (6 men) were studied in the 6-day in-laboratory protocol. Results showed that working during the night increased subjective sleepiness and decreased clear-headedness and performance on the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (i.e., slower median, fastest and slowest reaction times, and increased attentional lapses), Stroop color word task (decreased number of correct responses and slower median reaction time), and calculation addition performance task (decreased number attempted and correct). Furthermore, we observed limited evidence of sleepiness, clear-headedness, or performance adaptation across subsequent nights of simulated night work. Our findings demonstrate that night-shift work, regardless of whether it is the first night shift with a nap and extended wakefulness or subsequent night shifts, decreases performance and clear-headedness as compared with the day shift.
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Wendeu-Foyet, Méyomo Gaelle, Virginie Bayon, Sylvie Cénée, Brigitte Trétarre, Xavier Rébillard, Géraldine Cancel-Tassin, Olivier Cussenot, et al. "Night work and prostate cancer risk: results from the EPICAP Study." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 75, no. 8 (June 19, 2018): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105009.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the role of night work in prostate cancer based on data from the EPICAP Study.MethodsEPICAP is a French population-based case-control study including 818 incident prostate cancer cases and 875 frequency-matched controls that have been interviewed face to face on several potential risk factors including lifetime occupational history. Detailed information on work schedules for each job (permanent or rotating night work, duration, total number of nights, length of the shift, number of consecutive nights) as well as sleep duration and chronotype, was gathered. Prostate cancer aggressiveness was assessed by Gleason Score.ResultsNight work was not associated with prostate cancer, whatever the aggressiveness of prostate cancer, while we observed an overall increased risk among men with an evening chronotype (OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.19). A long duration of at least 20 years of permanent night work was associated with aggressive prostate cancer (OR=1.76, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.75), even more pronounced in combination with a shift length >10 hours or ≥ 6 consecutive nights (OR=4.64, 95% CI 1.78 to 12.13; OR=2.43, 95% CI 1.32 to 4.47, respectively).ConclusionOverall, ever night work, either permanent or rotating, was not associated to prostate cancer. Nevertheless, our results suggest that a long duration of permanent night work in combination with a long shift length or at least six consecutive nights may be associated with prostate cancer, particularly with aggressive prostate cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm those findings.
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Yuksel, Dilara, Nicole Arra, Teji Dulai, Laila Volpe, Leticia Camacho, Todd Obilor, Carrie Hsu, et al. "0236 The First Night Effect In Adolescents With And Without Insomnia." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A106—A107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.234.
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Abstract Introduction Insomnia in adolescence is a common and debilitating condition, and vulnerability to stress is known to play a major role its development. In this study, we investigated the effects of sleeping under stress in a sample of adolescents with and without clinically significant insomnia symptoms. The first night in the laboratory was used as an established experimental paradigm for eliciting stress through exposure to an unfamiliar environment. Methods Forty-one postpubertal adolescents (18.4 ± 0.7 years) with (n=14, 9 girls) and without (n=27, 16 girls) DSM-5 insomnia symptoms completed two non-consecutive polysomnographic (PSG) nights in the laboratory. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to analyze differences in PSG sleep measures between the first and subsequent night, with group (insomnia vs. control) and sex as between-subject factors. Results Both groups showed a robust stress effect on the first night, characterized by lower sleep efficiency (↓2.2%) and total sleep time (↓6.4%), and more awakenings (↑12.4%) compared with the subsequent night (p<0.05). Both groups also had less non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) (↓4.9%) and REM (↓18.8%) sleep on the first night. Girls with insomnia had lower amounts of REM sleep than boys with insomnia on both nights (p<0.05). Both groups perceived higher levels of pre-sleep somatic (↑10.3%) and total (↑7.2%) arousal on the first night compared to the subsequent night (p<0.05). For cognitive arousal, there was a night-group-sex interaction effect: while controls showed no changes between the two nights, boys with insomnia reported significantly lower pre-sleep cognitive arousal levels on the subsequent laboratory night compared to the first night (↓32.9%), whereas cognitive arousal levels remained elevated on the subsequent night in girls with insomnia (p<0.05). Conclusion Sleeping for the first time in the laboratory leads to greater pre-sleep arousal and disrupts sleep in adolescents with and without insomnia symptoms. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the female vulnerability in the manifestation of stress-related hyperarousal, particularly in the context of insomnia development during adolescence. Support (If Any) This study was supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) grant R01 HL139652 (MdZ). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views the National Institutes of Health.
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Gahan, Luke, Michael Ruder, Brian O’Mullane, Nathaniel Watson, and Roy Raymann. "218 BIDEN WON, BUT SLEEP LOST IN THE 2020 US ELECTION." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.217.
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Abstract Introduction The 2020 US Presidential Election captivated the US public resulting in record turnout. In the months preceding the elections COVID-19, racial injustice and the economic downturn had a daily impact on the lives of voters. In this research, we analyze the sleep behavior of Americans in the lead up to the Presidential Elections. We examine specifically the nights of the Presidential and Vice-Presidential Debates and Election Night. Methods We examined sleep data from the PSG-validated SleepScore Mobile Application, which uses a non-contact sonar-based method to objectively capture sleep-related metrics and self-reported lifestyle data. The data set included 123,723 nights (5,967 users residing in the US, aged 18-85, mean age: 46.6 +/- 16.7 years, 52.3% female). Data from September 1st until November 3rd were included. This covered the nights of the Presidential Debates (Tuesday 09/29/2020 and Thursday 10/22/2020) and the Vice-Presidential Debate (Wednesday 10/07/2020). Election night was Tuesday, November 3, 2020. Self-reported stress level (0-24 scale) and alcohol consumption (0-9 drinks) were measured using digital slider scales. Mixed Effect Modelling was used for analysis. Results The night of the 1st Presidential debate saw a change in sleep-related behavior with users going to bed 9.5 minutes later, as compared to a regular Tuesday Night. This resulted in a decrease in both TST (11.5 mins, p<0.001) and TIB (11.8 mins, p<0.001). Interestingly, neither the the 2nd Presidential Debate, nor the Vice Presidential Debate resulted in significant differences in sleep behavior. On election night users went to bed 14.5 (p<0.001) min later on average, as compared to a normal Tuesday Night. This resulted in a decrease in both TIB (24.3 mins, p<0.001) and TST (19.2 mins, p<0.001). Self-report data showed a 13.3% (p<0.001) increase in stress level on election night and 34.4% (p<0.001) increase alcohol consumption Importantly, election night was two nights after the end of Daylight Savings Time (DST), Sunday, November 1st. Conclusion This analysis shows the 2020 US Presidential election negatively impacted US population sleep. The impact was most pronounced on election night, but also observed following the first Presidential debate. The effect of DST on these findings is unknown but surmised to be meaningful. Support (if any):
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Barley, Blake, and Michael Scullin. "0178 Cumulative Effects of Mild Sleep Restriction on Lapses of Attention." SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (April 20, 2024): A77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.0178.
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Abstract Introduction Sleep deprivation leads to detriments in performance, including alertness and vigilance. Less is known, however, about the cognitive impact of mild sleep restriction, including whether negative outcomes are time-dependent and cumulative. We tested the impact of sleep restriction on sustained attention in a multi-week, crossover experiment in a controlled laboratory setting. Methods Sixty-six young adults (Mage = 20.03; 53.0% female; 51.5% non-white) completed seven nights of in-laboratory testing, spread across 3-weeks. On the first week, participants completed a polysomnography adaptation night and baseline assessments including the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) in the evening (9:00PM) and in the morning (7:30AM) with buffer time to prevent sleep inertia following initial awakening. During the following week, participants completed either three nights of sleep restriction (5 hours of sleep/night) or three nights of normal sleep (8 hours of sleep/night), with PVT testing each morning and evening. After a four-night washout period, participants returned to complete the other sleep condition (order counterbalanced). Research assistants who administered the PVT were kept blinded to the participant’s sleep condition. Results Relative to normal sleep, three nights of sleep restriction significantly worsened PVT mean reaction times (RTs; M = 361 ms versus M = 390 ms; t(65) = 4.38, p < .001, d = .54) and number of lapses (M= 3.78 versus M = 5.80; t(65) = 5.00, p < .001, d = .62]. There were no main effects of time of day or interactions with sleep condition (ps>.05). However, study day significantly interacted with sleep condition (F(2, 128) = 3.42, p = .036, η2 = .051) such that the negative impact of sleep restriction on lapses worsened across the week (night 1: Mdiff = 1.59, night 2: Mdiff = 0.88; night 3: Mdiff = 3.26). Conclusion Mild sleep restriction quickly produces detriments in sustained attention, with effects being cumulative across repeated days of sleep loss. Support (if any) This study was supported by the National Science Foundation (1920730).
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Péguy, Charles. "Night." Chesterton Review 35, no. 3 (2009): 473–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chesterton2009353/475.
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Chahrour, Ali. "Night." Theater 51, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01610775-8824757.
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Haines, John. "Night." Hudson Review 46, no. 2 (1993): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3851681.
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Morris, Christopher. "NIGHT." Canadian Theatre Review 148 (October 2011): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.148.65.
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Lease, Joseph. "Night." Colorado Review 36, no. 1 (2009): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/col.2009.0027.
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Lease, Joseph. "Night." Colorado Review 42, no. 1 (2015): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/col.2015.0020.
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Turgunbayev, Suerkul, and Yuri Vidov Karageorge. "Night." World Literature Today 70, no. 3 (1996): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40042065.
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Komunyakaa, Yusef. "Night." Callaloo 28, no. 3 (2005): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2005.0109.
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Shapiro, A. "Night." Literary Imagination 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litimag/imm108.
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Schelling, Andrew. "Night." Manoa 25, no. 2 (2013): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/man.2013.0074.
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Majia, Jidi. "Night." Manoa 30, no. 1 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/man.2018.0043.
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Fer, Briony. "Night." Oxford Art Journal 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxartj/kcl028.
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