Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nihilisme (philosophie)'
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Oulahbib, Lucien-Samir. "Éthique et épistémologie du nihilisme : les meurtriers du sens /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38894781f.
Full textKessler, Mathieu. "Le nihilisme et l'esthetique de nietzsche." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040154.
Full textThe following research mainly parlakes in two special fields of knowledge : aesthetics and contemporary philosophy. The emphasis will be widely put on questions dealing with moral philosophy and other disciplines, not for their own sake, but in so far as nietzsche's philosophy has to do with politics, the philosophy of knowledge or even art history. References to modern philosophy will also be made since it was sometimes necessary to give an overview of kant's and schopenhauer's ideas in order to have greater insight into the meaning of the criticism aimed at these earlier philosophical systems. Generaly speaking, we have chosen to study nietzsche's thought by focusing mainly on aesthetics. Consequently, moral philosophy, physiology and metaphysics, which are considered as three major perspectives in nietzsche's philosophy, will be studied in the light of aesthetics. Nihilism and nietzsche's aesthetics could have also been called nietzsche's aesthetics anti- nihilism in so far as the purpose here is to demonstrate that nietzsche's endeavour to go beyond metaphysics could not be achieved without considering his whole philosophy as a generalized aesthetics, the aesthetical branch of which - namely the aesthetics of the works of art - is only a part of it, among others. In this respect, the ultimate definition of the transvaluation of values, as nietzsche willed it, would consist in being intellectually ready to write the world aesthetics each time traditional philosophers were tempted to use the word metaphysics, as they formerly did. Since the link that binds affectivity and reason is loose, chances are that we may tie it up again through the actual practice of a thought deeply implanted in a hermeneutic network which would not be nihilism, in any way. This methodology expresses the direction and the meaning of nietzsche's philosophy. That's why studying the truth of nihilism and nietzsche's aesthetics seems to us the only rigorous way of accounting for both of them
Ajerar, Hassane. "Nihilisme et métaphysique." Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUEL072.
Full textWatching the world as it appears nowdays, without anything valuable worth mentioning, a world in which the coded signs of the media have been increasingly taking over from genuine pessimistic apprehensions of the analysts of the crisis in the western world, namely Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, or else Heidegger. The nihilistic experience consists both in refusing to undertake anything an rejecting any hope whatsoever. Couldn't we possibly refute such mundane nil by finding out in it the negative attitude that, in plotin's outlook, will discupt appearences, so thrusting us toward the absolute. The former part of the thesis tries to analyse the spirit of apophasis as a means of metaphysical approach, thus clearing up the problems connected withe it, say ex nihilo creation, abstract deity er personality, to mention, but some of them. Gradually, apophasis appears as the very framework common to the three abrahamic religions, the effective link within western tradition. Yet together with that, a downward process, cataphasis, beomes a must. The latter part shows that prophets have embodied the process. The author himself rejects any form of prophesizing or programming. What he aims at is settling the conditions for a restoration of values
Mouna, Mazen. "Attraction du vide et du nihilisme dans l'oeuvre de Maurice Blanchot." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MULH4413.
Full textWe chose the study of the void and the nihilism in the writing of Maurice Blanchot, a writer-thinker who currently arouses an interest growing both in France and abroad. Indeed, our present study covers a very rich period with political, historical, economic, social and cultural changes extending from the second half of the XIXth century until the end of the postmodern time. In order to be able to analyze the presence of the nihilism and the void in the novels and the accounts of Maurice Blanchot, our research will be related to the prints of modernity in its writs as well as the questioning of the author by some of his contemporaries (writers or philosophers) and its engagement to the cultural and political life of its time. Within these changes, which marked the western history that time, the Western man was in crisis, astonished, shocked by this disorder which started to infiltrate during this period, it led to insulation and loneliness that to forget the drama which already took a share in his personal life, it had been subjected, in front of the void, which crushed it, and the nihilism which didn’t not hesitate to carry reached to its quietude. Then, it started to feel existential empty, which carries out to raise infinite questions: why am I there? For what is used my life? Why live whereas death waits us at the end and until the life is not worth the sorrow to be lived? The scene appears tragic and the life returns then to the inanity and the nonsense
Larivière, Jean. "L'analyse du nihilisme chez Nietzsche." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24756/24756.pdf.
Full textKuhn, Elisabeth. "Friedrich Nietzsches Philosophie des europäischen Nihilismus /." Berlin : W. de Gruyter, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357131234.
Full textJolly, Edouard. "Les ombres du monde: Anders et le refus du nihilisme." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209306.
Full textVioulac, Jean. "Apocalypse de la vérité : destin du nihilisme et question de l'autre Commencement." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040086.
Full textThis PhD analyses the topic of nihilism; in the first part, it offers a definition of the era we live in as the era of consummate nihilism, and it discovers the threat of the annihilation of both man and the world. In the second part, we shall attempt to trace nihilism back to its source and to view it as the fulfillment of the ontological Greek project. Going beyond nihilism, that is to say overcoming thr truth as it has been built by metaphysics is then at stake. We name such an event, apocalypse, and it reveals what was hidden by the logical delimitation of truth. Embracing what appears once the veils of metaphysics have been lifted up is finally the ultimate task of thought
Laborie, Karine. "Métaphysique et politique à l'épreuve du nihilisme." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENP003/document.
Full textThis thesis does not present a supplementary approach about the death of God and its effects but a study of nihilism, a disqualified way of thought, which could renew a diagnosis on the crisis of modernity. Nihilsm becomes really a threat as soon as scepticism takes shape in Ancient Greece. It is worth questioning stetting nihilism and scepticism as equivalent when considered through the history of metaphysics and rising of totalitarian regimes. This could be accepted only if one considers the ancient and modern forms of scepticism as proceeding from nihilism, and, on the other hand, if the crisis putting an end to modernity can be interpreted from a sceptical point of view. A dynamic approach to metaphysics (as tension and link between dogmatism and scepticism) casts a doubt upon a nihilist interpretation of scepticism. Suspensive thought in its ancient ways, carrying indecision in modern times, scepticism separates from nihilism. The latest eliminates all differences ; by itself, it is the abolition of the common ground between dogmatism and scepticism. Whatever the creative potential of nihilism from a speculative point of view, in the foundation of totalitarian politics, only its destructive aspect stands out. Indeed, modernity opens on a challenge of a sceptic type : which basis for one's belief ? Yet, after the death of God, this question witnesses no longer a state of indecision but truly as the permanent loss of foundation. While it leads to a crisis of the goal from a metaphysical scope, the institutionalization of nihilism provides a crisis of meaning. Contemporary scepticism, caught in the turmoil, appears as discredited because of its presumed involvement with nihilist politics. Could it still be a resource in our time when forced to pratice an original self-examination ?
Bausch, Julie-Suzanne. "La mort du monde comme conséquence possible de la mort de Dieu et de la mort de l'homme." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040200.
Full textWe analyzed Nietzsche’s conception of the death of god. The atheist "of rigor" (Valadier) detected in this phenomenon different nihilisms (reactive, negative, passive, active). The "logic of death" gave us the possibility of thinking the "death of man", discovered by the structuralism of Foucault. Then the same logic brought us to the threat of the "death of the world", world already dead as a creation et near to agony as a world seen as an object. The conclusion of the work is founded on Nietzsche’s anti-nihilism and on a philosophy of life, which is seen as an essentially "sacred" phenomenon
Nallis, Stephane. "Production, vie matérielle, éternité : enquête sur les modalités théologico-politiques du nihilisme contemporain et sur la possibilité d'un monde." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20013.
Full textConsidering that man, as a living creature, has to create his own environment, we ask here about the kind of relations are presupposed between the (semiotical) link man has with his environment and the (symbolical) link existing among men themselves. More specifically, we try to determine how technoscience is shaping the adaquate context to perpetuate capitalists social relationships, in particular concerning temporal dimension. As claimed by the Critical Theory, progress of rationality paradoxically accomplish itself in the pure mystified domination of social relationships. However, for us, this is less the consequence of the historical development of abstraction than a socio-historical manner to objectify a certain link to time. Hence, under this consideration, we are here analysing the real effect of abstraction, that is, the fetishistics and mutilating effets of a social violence that appears to us in the form of a destiny. Norms incorporated in facts thus lead us to become compliant to the « divine decree » that has been planned for us. The value of each existence is therefore estimated according the unique imperative of capital infinite valuation inscribed in the nature of things, and where renouncing to be is the condition to have a world to live in. Our freedom, as an autonomous subject, hence depends on this indirect domination involving nothing less than the possibility to be. Unable the existence of those who in this world are nothing implies thus the possibility of breaking that destiny, envisaging justice in its link to this time « out of joint », now in crisis, and haunted by all those who refuse to waive
Gingras, Gisèle. "Le nihilisme nietzschéen dans la philosophie de la religion de Nishitani Keiji /." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69614.
Full textThis development in Nishitani's thought is considered, in a concluding perspective of the present text, as evidence of the markedly more profound influence of Heidegger on the later, more mature work of Nishitani.
Oulahbib, Lucien-Samir. "Les meurtriers de l'homme." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040287.
Full textNihilism - which we tried to analyze through authors like Blanchot, Bataille, Foucault, Derrida, Lyotard, Deleuze - not only consists of, as the name indicates, the supremacy of nothingness, of the "if nothing is true, everything is allowed" and or its reversal in the "if nothing is true, nothing is allowed" (Camus, 1951, L'Homme révolté, ed. Gallimard, p 94) but also a tactically renouncing and or relativistic elevation, whereas it is strategically ideocratic, absolutist, of an "a" (for example Derrida, La différence in Marges, 1972, ed de Minuit, p 3 and next, here book 4), which, apparently, seems to be an anarchy of the meaning, ( "(. . . ) The concept of difference (is) neither a word nor a concept (. . . )" ibidem), whereas his "a", his "without" (du sens, du sang, du cent. . . Derrida in Positions, 1972, ed de Minuit, p 55, also see book 4) comes up strategically as what has to be accomplished. That is to say the unbroken features of a whole political strategy (Derrida: "yes, my books are political ones", ibid, in interview. . . Didier Eribon, Nouvel observateur, nb 1633 22-28 02 96, p 84) whose outward anarchy of the meaning, displaying, at the same
Chennaf, Lakhdar. "Le nihilisme et l'existence dans la philosophie de Nietzsche : dans le miroir des penseurs arabes." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080053.
Full textAmong the great philosophers who had a deep impact on modern Arab thought, is distinctly Nietzsche . Being a heir of a heavy and paralyzing culture, rooted in mores, the Arab subject has been left with no aspiration, openness of mind, or emancipation and the effective use of reason or free thought.That being said, who better than a rebellious, iconoclastic thinker like Nietzsche is able to help the Arabs today to restore their historical heritage to its rightful place in their past; hence, beginning an objective and critical re-reading of this legacy, clearly separate from any ideological or dogmatic tendency. Starting from this inextricable historico-anthropo-philosophical reality, we have tried in our thesis to synthesize a new problematic, by which we bring Nietzsche and modern Arab thought back together, we will stipulate a possible emergence of an Arabi Nietzsche. Our main question then has a double ambition and orientation: first, to redefine the Nietzschean nihilism as a way of thinking whose aim is to demolish the ready-made truths and preconceptions, in order to reach truth which is constructed, refined by criticism, and sober. Yet; Nihilism in this sense is hardly an arbitrary or a premonition for chaos, it's rather a way of doubting about predefined judgments and so-called unquestioned truths. Secondly, to provide Arab thought with this methodical nihilism, in order to, as a first step, confront its socio-religious heritage, full of restrictions, proscriptions and intellectual prohibitions . As for the second phase, it consists to make a courageous and necessary passing, which would produce a dynamic of emancipation of the Arab reason from the constraints of the rigorist tradition
Bovagne, Frédéric. "Nihilisme, totalitarisme, démocratie : la crise de l'ordre politique à l'âge de la mort de Dieu." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT3040.
Full textBusch, Thomas. "Die Affirmation des Chaos : zur Überwindung des Nihilismus in der Metaphysik Friedrich Nietzsches /." St. Ottilien : EOS Verl, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35526297j.
Full textGómez-Montero, Karina. "Sinnverlust und Sinnsuche : literarischer Nihilismus im deutschprachigen Roman nach 1945 /." Köln : Böhlau, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390109338.
Full textChennaf, Lakhdar. "Le nihilisme et l'existence dans la philosophie de Nietzsche : dans le miroir des penseurs arabes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080053.
Full textAmong the great philosophers who had a deep impact on modern Arab thought, is distinctly Nietzsche . Being a heir of a heavy and paralyzing culture, rooted in mores, the Arab subject has been left with no aspiration, openness of mind, or emancipation and the effective use of reason or free thought.That being said, who better than a rebellious, iconoclastic thinker like Nietzsche is able to help the Arabs today to restore their historical heritage to its rightful place in their past; hence, beginning an objective and critical re-reading of this legacy, clearly separate from any ideological or dogmatic tendency. Starting from this inextricable historico-anthropo-philosophical reality, we have tried in our thesis to synthesize a new problematic, by which we bring Nietzsche and modern Arab thought back together, we will stipulate a possible emergence of an Arabi Nietzsche. Our main question then has a double ambition and orientation: first, to redefine the Nietzschean nihilism as a way of thinking whose aim is to demolish the ready-made truths and preconceptions, in order to reach truth which is constructed, refined by criticism, and sober. Yet; Nihilism in this sense is hardly an arbitrary or a premonition for chaos, it's rather a way of doubting about predefined judgments and so-called unquestioned truths. Secondly, to provide Arab thought with this methodical nihilism, in order to, as a first step, confront its socio-religious heritage, full of restrictions, proscriptions and intellectual prohibitions . As for the second phase, it consists to make a courageous and necessary passing, which would produce a dynamic of emancipation of the Arab reason from the constraints of the rigorist tradition
Chopin, Jean-Pierre. "De la crise à l'espoir ou le nihilisme constructeur chez Paul Valéry." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040135.
Full textAmironesei, Razvan. "Biopouvoir et nihilisme à partir de l'oeuvre de Michel Foucault." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29996/29996.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation is to examine the contemporary formation of a nihilism of biopower from a critical analysis of Michel Foucault’s work. We begin by formulating a genealogy of his notion of power, doubled by a critique of his treatment of disciplinary violence. In this context, we show that violence is inextricably linked to the « real » of disciplinary power, which is unrepresentable in itself and that one must understand in terms of a immanent and permanent form of « excess ». Second, this genealogy of power allows to put forward our analysis of contemporary biopolitics. We show that the object of biopolitics is not defined by the necessary intervention on the organic mass of living populations as Foucault suggests, but is rather the effect of a process of continuous production and subjectification of a « bios », seen as the emergence of a specific form of life elaborated at the intersection of practices of freedom and a politics of coercion. Third, this nihilism of disciplinary power and biopolitics is analyzed from a theological-political injunction of infinite perfectibility of « bios ». Thus, our concept of nihilism does not involve a axiological depreciation of life but rather is a mechanism of power which « affirms » quasi-exhaustively the way of life of a biopolitical individual. The modality of resistance to nihilism is discussed through the critical investigation of the foucaldian notion of withdrawal or distanciation of the self from itself (la déprise de soi). This notion along with the « loss of the self » are conceptualized not as a form of liberation from the nihilism of biopower, but rather as a potential transformation of its contemporary expression.
Tapenco, Ciprian. "Cioran et l'au-delà du nihilisme." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL002.
Full textGoing astray in History, in a horizontal becoming which condemns him to self-destruct to assert himself, Cioran’s man opens at times to a vertical becoming either in rising through the ecstasy that transfigures, either by falling through boredom which disfigures. Considering Cioran’s thought as a « therapeutic run in a cosmic sense » or as an endless wandering stemming from « a sentimental theology, in which the Absolute is built with the elements of desire », this study, devoted both to the French and Romanian works, focuses on the evolution of the author from one to the other by denouncing the myth of the caesura between the two works. Assuming both nihilism as a poison and as a remedy, as the horizon of an end or of a new beginning, the study aims to analyse the processes and experiences through which nihilism is defeated by itself. The diagnosis of the « hero of the withdrawal » is interpreted from his temptations and his inconsistencies ; his exploration of the impasses, his escape into the virtual, his hesitation between a metaphysical career and a historic role, his struggle with time and ecstatic experiences, are analyzed from a double temptation of a same passage : « from nothingness to the world » and « from the world towards nothingness »
Israel-Jost, Sandrine. "La contingence du présent : une praxis de l’indétermination." Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/197765009#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textIs there something like the contingency of the present? That means: is the future always necessarily determined by the actual state of things or shall we consider the many other possibilities as real determinations of the current reality? What kind of freedom, what kind of praxis are required when incertainty appears as an essential determination of the so called “present reality”? This essay, through a reading and an interpretation of Nietzsche, aims to rebuilt and redefine the contingency of the present, showing a way out in the nihilism’s dead end. Indeed a praxis based on incertainty and indetermination is an active and vivid criticism of the will of power as it reveals evaluation as a futile and unfit interpretation
Vuillez, François. "Quelques figures de la crise socio-culturelle, du déclin et de la fin, dans leur rapport avec une anthropologie dynamique." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05H020.
Full textThe anthropology of acculturation and mutations treats transformations of man like any object, and doesn't refer to a sense of history. But questions about limits and values come back into theory, as well as a new kind of evolutionism. Culture is still the main notion, but it's no more clear: the system is opened and closed; it moves and remains itself; it works according to paradoxal logics: both result of experiences, both structure of expectancies. Culture plays its part like a blind projection, coding present and future, an adaptation out of any account. The dynamic vue shows up a hidden and mystical heart inside every institution: something like empty dreams. Life of societies manage symbolic and real death which traditionally provides for order and power. Now change is so deep and quick than the instituting function of culture may be overthrown; history could turn about, for better or worse? If crisis would touch the foundations from a secret event changing human condition, then we could draw a double line, i. E. A digital figure of modern civilization. Either figure of deculturation; or of an end of history by overflowing. But rather figure of a "double b (1) ind", revanche of ancient law: the meta-rule which demands to respect some rules gets obsolete due to innovation. The more clever and pragmatic they are, the more men make a human and ecological desert. Nihilism is not a mark of weakness, nor a simple decay. As a science, the anthropology of change is not supposed to determine norms for mankind
Visser, Gerard. "Nietzsche en Heidegger : een confrontatie /." Nijmegen : SUN, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb354983680.
Full textSouladié, Yannick. "Nietzsche, une philosophie de l'Antichrist." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20095.
Full textThis study intends to understand “The Antichrist” as a true philosophical work. It has been alleged that Nietzsche could not find how to complete his work, and that the most advanced state of his thought was to be found, not in his last books, but in the drafts of “The Will to Power”. On the contrary, we aim to show on the contrary that the substitution of “The Antichrist” for “The Will to Power”, far from being a failure, allowed Nietzsche to give unity to his whole philosophy. In 1888, an ultimate movement occurred in his thought: he abandoned the problem of nihilism to concentrate on the one of Christianity. Far from being simply gratuitous hatred, his “curse against the Christianity” represents the outcome of his whole philosophy. It is only through an inversion of all values of Christianity that Nietzsche succeeded in presenting the world as will to power. The unity of Nietzsche's philosophy has its foundation in the figure of the Antichrist destroying and cursing Christianity. Nietzsche's last philosophy is “a philosophy of the Antichrist”. Nietzsche's criticism does not aim at restoring an ideal Christianity at the cost of a realized one. It directly aims at the Christian ideal and Christian moral. Far from struggling the only Christian god, Nietzsche fights the figure of the Christ (whom he separates from the historic Jesus). He opposes to this Christ as an impossible body, another ideal of human being, proceeding from a noble moral. He opposes another body: Dionysus. Through the fight between Dionysus and the Crucified One, two ways of fixing the truth, of being, of thinking are in competition
Dubé, Marc-Antoine. "Le dernier homme : une généalogie contemporaine." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11495.
Full textFerraro, Gianfranco. "Economia del disincanto : Max Weber : la razionalizzazione ascetica del governo e il nichilismo occidentale." Paris, EPHE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EPHE4015.
Full textThe core of the research’s matter is the link between “nihilism” and “capitalistic economy”, this last should be considered using the terms thought by Foucault while he was interpreting the liberalism. That is to say: liberalism as “government’s technique” of a society. Plus, a big support of my research was taken by W. Benjamin’s contribution at the question of “religious” experience of the world. My crucial point was to verify and to problematize the existence of the nihilism thematic in Max Weber, an author who before anyone else has individuated in the secularization of the “intermundane ascesis” a fundamental dispositive of technical power of the capitalism. I have basically used two assumption: first, I’ve considered the western modern experience of the nihilism, as it has been developed by the German thought between the end of 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. This modern experience of nihilism has been not assumed according Heidegger sense of fundament in a metaphysical experience, whereas it has been assumed according Michel Foucault studies of “conduct of life” – this last was somehow present also is Jaspers, Jünger and Nietzsche-. The second assumption is about the possibility of rethinking the Weber’s theorization of the Entzauberung of the world. This is an experience product by the western rationalization, which has been analyzed as an object and a presupposition of Weber science seen as “secularization of the conduct”. That is to say a progressive distance respect the metaphysical and theological fundament of the western conduct, both political and scientific
Laporte, Marc. "L'unité des tâches nietzschéennes : la vie, l'art, la philosophie." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100113.
Full textDroit, Roger-Pol. "La découverte du bouddhisme et la philosophie européenne (1820-1890)." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040013.
Full textWhy were the Indian doctrines, considered to be philosophical when European orientalists were learning Sanskrit at the end of the XIIIth and at the beginning of the XIXth centuries, later left out of the philosophical arena? It gradually transpired that the particular moment when Buddhism was discovered and the development of a philosophical interpretation of its “nihilism” were an essential factor in this shelving of the Indian domain. Thus it was important to bring out certain specific features of the discovery of Buddhism by the European orientalists and a systematic analysis of the characteristics of the interpretation of Buddhism by German philosophers (from Hegel to Nietzsche) and French philosophers (from Cousin to Renouvier). The result of this research have been described in two works : L'oubli de l'Inde, une amnesie philosophique. (Forgetting India : a case of philosophical amnesia), Paris, Presses universitaires de France, 1989, and a new, revised edition : Paris, le livre de poche, biblio-essais, 1992, 254 p. , et Le culte du néant (The cult of nothingness) Paris, editions du Seuil, 1997, 368 p. , as well as in several articles published between 1987 and 1997. The main conclusion is that the multi-layered notion of “nihilism”, essential to contemporary thought, was gradually reassessed through the discovery of a disconcerting “religion”, its various elements were rearranged and its different levels of meaning were given a new philosophical interpretation. The philosophical variations on Buddhism and the various forms of the “cult of nothingness” attributed to it can and should be considered as an unnoticed laboratory of European thought experimenting on the limits of its own identity
Schellino, Andrea. "Le concept de décadence de Baudelaire à Nietzsche." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040153.
Full textThe fin de siècle assured its own lasting genealogy by contributing to the diffusion of literary decadence. Through the essays that Barbey d’Aurevilly, Théophile Gautier and Paul Bourget devoted to him, Baudelaire became the poet of decadence. While this legacy of decadence gave rise to several studies, no work has exhaustively addressed the meaning that this concept takes on in Baudelaire’s works. Accused of propagating decadence, the poet attempted to defend himself by applying this aesthetic category to the ideology of progress and to « philosophical art ». Despite his constitutive ambiguity, decadence nonetheless fascinated Baudelaire. The poet allegorized decadence in the image of the sunset, which served both as a source of poetic inspiration and evoked an ageing civilization. This thesis proposes to trace the sources of Baudelaire’s historical thinking. It then attempts to associate another side of the reflection on decadence in the nineteenth century with the philosophical heterodoxy of the poet. Nietzsche, who was impregnated with French culture and supported by many critics of his time, elevated Baudelaire to the rank of a literary alter ego of Wagner, since like the composer, the poet brought together modernity and decadence. Reconciling with both pessimism and nihilism, the concept of decadence emerges as deeply renewed, a fatal or metaphysical law that exposes all of its nuances
Mutin, Rachel. "Cioran : la passion de l'absolu dans une âme sceptique." Lyon 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO31004.
Full textTorn beetween a deep feeling of scepticism and a desire of peace of mind in an absolute conviction, Cioran oscillates, creating by his unpeaceful state of mind, a metaphysic specific of modernity. Using again the contemporaneous nihilism term -God death, despair, loneliness, nothingness- Cioran tries in the same time to overcome them in order to come up, in the very heart of scepticism, a new face of absolute. However, divided beetween the impossibility to recognize it in God and the nostalgia of the "arrière- mondes", torn beetween his attraction to the buddhist vacuum and the desire to feel his own existence, Cioran finds no solution in any of these spiritualities. That's why he devotes himself to writing where poetics and fragmentation come together in adhesion to the irresolution of his thought and express the failure of meaning, the bankruptcy of language. His elated lyricism testifying a truth from now exploded welcomes any modern disillusion. But the writing itself just expresses the distance which tears us apart from absolute with no hope of reaching it. It is then only through a metaphysic of suffering body where the subject discovers in his limits the roots of scepticism that Cioran manages to conciliate the two extremes of his quartering. Rejecting the rational conscience, he exalts sensation as the location where absolute reveals itself. It is then in the physical reality of the subject that relies the essential tension between physical limits and desire of immortality, beetween despair and frenetic desire to live. Vertiginous search incerted by an obsessional negation, Cioran philosophy comes out from a worried thought unable to find its equilibrium in a peaceful state of mind but regenerating itself, paradoxically, from an endless contradiction where contraries end up to confond themselves
Forté, Jean-Jacques. "Judaïsme et modernité chez Nietzsche." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040166.
Full textThis work investigates the question of Nietzsche’s relationship to the Jews and Judaism, a key issue that the polemics with anti-Semitism has up until now obfuscated. The Jews and Judaism are at the core of the question of nihilism, whose explicit treatment only appears in Nietzsche’s late writings but whose traces can be found early in the work under different approaches (dealing with decadence, the death of god, etc. ). Thanks to these traces, Nietzsche reinvested his entire work after he mastered the problematic of nihilism. The "Judaic reversal of values was first identified as the single beginning of nihilism; yet the subsequent analysis of the relationship between Judaism and Christianity enabled Nietzsche to delineate their respective roles within nihilism. Moreover, immediately after reelaborating the problematic of nihilism, Nietzsche reinscrited Greek decadence within that perspective and explored nihilism’s various endings; he thus opened the way for a deconstruction of nihilism s origins and of the relationship between Judaism and Hellenism. If moments of creative affirmation are many - as is the case for the various processes of decadence - there can be no pure and preserved origin, no time before decadence, and thus no origin to nihilism. There can be no sense either in waiting and hoping for the end, or overcoming, of a process that is merely "normal". The history of humankind is seen as a sailing through, without an origin and an outcome, nihilism, which nonetheless takes on a new inflection in modernity - the epoch of the news of the death of god, of the absence of the foundation of meaning, and of errancy, as the ontological condition of the human being. Having started with a questioning of Jewishness (errancy, absence of ownmost), Nietzsche affirms a new form of inactuality, one liberated from nostalgia and hope, a non-reactive thinking on modernity, which is the time of errancy, the absence of anchoring and inscription within an ownmost
Vaz, Celso Antônio Coelho. "L'hybris moderne : sécularisation, nihilisme et esseulement : la critique religieuse de l'Age moderne par Hannah Arendt." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0006.
Full textThis study follows Hannah Arendt's thought in order to show that her critique of the Modern Age comes from within the real of religion rather than from the theory of methods of political theory and science. It examines what I describe as Hannah Arendt's project of redivinization of the world and her belief that it was de-devinised by the metaphysical, philosophical and theological traditions of the Occident. For her, these traditions brought about a modern hubris which conceived of the world and human beings in strictly secular terms. This hubris broke with the old religious/political foundations of public affairs. It also led the annihilation of the principles of knowledge and criteria for judgements inherited from the Judeo-Christian tradition. In the Modern Age, thought, science, literature, laws and customs all provided motifs for this hubris, of which the Nazi and Bolshevik regimes were only the worst expressions
Jolly, Édouard. "Les ombres du monde : Anders et le refus du nihilisme." Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30032.
Full textAs a former student of Husserl and Heidegger, Günther Anders (1902-1992) wrote a philosophical work which characteristic is to examine the situation of man facing the darkest events of the 20th century. Our thesis developed with a reading of the edited work supplemented by the Nachlass, aims to synthesize the unity consistency and uniqueness of his thoughts by asking a specific question : how a technical world, a world without men, could be compatible with any ethic for men without world ? To describe the shadows of the world left by a technical one, is meant to identify idealities which cover everything with an artificial obviousness. To observe the world made by men, who themselves became shadows, is like to perceive thet they are living in a environment whose they are the products. This artificail world, instead of relieving man about the nature hostility, adds other difficulties, which the technology is only sometimes able to cope with. To theorize the shadows of the world is meant to seek the specific negativity of nihilism, which is produced by technology. Our task is to show that we can refuse the nihilism as an attitude. The philosophical hypothesis defended here is metaphysical nihilism designed as prerequisite for the refusal of any other nihilistic praxis. The philosophical work of Anders allows us to conceive an occasional philosophy as a theoretical practice, pointed out as a tragic sobriety. If to break any metaphysical idea leads to disenchant the naïve victims of generalities, this theory however does not refrain us from doing metaphysics
Goffi, Jean-Yves. "Esquisses d'une éthique pour la société technologique." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100166.
Full textAccording to some philosophers, modern technologies are out of control. They tend to establish an order of their own, of no relevance to ethical considerations. This is a technophobic stance. On the contrary, it can be argued that modern technologies, although risky enterprises, are open to ethical control. An examination of some problems from the field of bioethics (prenatal diagnosis, "animal’s rights") shows that the bounds of the moral community are to be expanded if a model of ethics is to be established in a technological society. Such a model can be broadly characterized as a kind of objective utilitarianism
Kabakdjian, Patrick. "La pensée en souffrance." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2010_in_kabakdjian_p.pdf.
Full text“Angst in the face of Questioning weighs upon the whole Western thought. ” The time has now come when Being is to be thought out starting from Itself: we are at the Turn, we are the Turn. What thought is there to take over from Metaphysics? Thinking today can only be held up, awaiting, in pain, for the other thinking, and paving the way to it. It must meet the need for renewal felt by an exhausted mankind that the all-powerful Plan has worn out. It is Thinking in labour, attempting to surpass itself, by reconsidering all its fundaments. To think out Being is to consider the use of language with great care. Priority is to be given to working oneself into such a state as to feel distress as being distress. To start with, we have to take stock of the situation of Western thought: Nihilism as the last offspring of Metaphysics. At a time when Nihilism has been accomplished, we have to look around and see what is around the world. An existential analysis opens up the possibility of a correct use of the world, which means a correct use of thinking: to think out the Opening and the Openness, the Clearing – Lichtung; to radicalize the finiteness, such horizon beyond which, by essence, man cannot go; to radicalize the Being. Poetry- poetic speech- alone can give the Earth compensation for experiencing the hold of the Plan. Speech proves to be the inner substance of the Event. In Speech does the awaiting thinking find its soothing regime. Heidegger’s thought is an endless discussion between itself and its own capacity of surpassing itself. Heidegger is aware, to the utmost, of the inner unrestlessness of Existing, as well as he is extremely sensitive to the general uneasiness of our time in the face of its destiny. It is necessary to be aware of the adversative quality of the essence of Being which deploys today as a Plan, in order to reintegrate its own truth. The Promise may remain unkept – today the haunting pain of thinking. The utilitarian circularity of the exploitation of Being may definitely become a permanent process of producing the un-world. What springs from language- provided man takes care of it- illuminates the Lichtung/ the bright interval of his time in the midst of the beauty of the world
Siret, Thomas. "L'Action directe ou la confrontation de la violence extra légale à la violence légale en France (1871-1914)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG036.
Full textThe direct action appeared from 1870, under the feather of Bakounine. Bakounine compared it with the “miracles of 1793”. In 1870-1871, the direct action was clearly associated with the terror and directly applied during the Commune of Paris. The anarchists of the Jurassian Federation, strongly inspired by Bakounine, gived birth to the propaganda by the fact in 1877. The anarchists of the Jurassian Federation had been strongly inspired by Bakounine. Even if the definition which gived Brousse was rather wide, because it goes of the armed uprising, in the violent demonstration. It is because has to leave 1890’s, that the propaganda by the fact was almost exclusively associated with terrorist attacks. However, the propaganda by the fact would not stop in 1894, with the end of attacks, but on the contrary would gon on under another shape. Besides the direct action continues in way as civil disobedience, passive resistance or still non-violence
Audran, Jérôme. "L'"époque " de la finitude après l'achèvement de la métaphysique selon Nietzsche et Heidegger." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040191.
Full textMetaphysics remains incapable of incorporating finitude because it primarily considers human existence in the negative in relation to the One who exceeds him infinitely – First Mover, Substance, causa sui, and so on. With Nietzsche and Heidegger, the reverse is true: finitude is brought into a positive light because it becomes the first in order of "things", both ontologically and chronologically. Henceforth finitude and solitude define the ontologically legislative laws of human nature. It is the surrender of the logoV on behalf of a "poe(ma)tical" language which first authorizes the articulation of this "inversion", this "jump", and this "turn" in and of thought in general. With finitude, however, some "sharing experiences" are disclosed, which paradoxically introduces a breaking from finitude. This renewed transcendence imposes a reflection that is situated under the individuation principle, and this Nietzsche and Heidegger respectively recapitulate under the notions of "Sacred" and "Dionysiac"
Grange, David. "L' envie de rien : éléments pour une sociologie de l'autodestruction." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE29002.
Full textHomeless, anorexics, drug addicts… in à little than two decades new characters colonized our media landscape, and the territory of our mental disease. Almost everywhere from now on, in the background of our representation, they spread the image of self-destruction, showing à sinister mirror in front of our ideals of performance, freedom and personal fulfillment. But then, were come from their singular power of obsession? We shall show that the relation of the contemporary French society in the hypothesis of self-destruction get organized essentially under the egis of the principals of exclusion, making of this inclination the exact amount for this time of the fact that had been able to be the immoderation (known as madness) for the eighteen century, or still the fact that had been able to be the blasphemy for the middle age ; what means that is not so much the material of a terror but the one of a temptation. If we are so fascinated by those of our contemporaries which give away and mortify themselves, it’s not so much because we dread their decay that because we find in them something of our deeper desire. In this time of discipline and survey, were it doesn’t seem anyone aloud whether to shy away from action and responsibility, it can be indeed sometime a seduction in ideas of absence, forgetting and nothing
Andrianasoloarijaona, Serge. "Nietzsche et l'Europe." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10116.
Full textThe main theme of this work is that of the “political” aspects of Nietzsche’s philosophy, particularly in terms of its European dimension and the issues at stake. The aim here is not to label Nietzsche as a political philosopher or his philosophy as political philosophy in the academic sense of the term. Rather, the aim is to show, through his philosophy of meaning and value, and his genealogical method, the approaches adopted and proposals made by this philosopher and his “hammer”, as a means of eradicating nihilism in order to work towards “greater politics” and thus encourage the arrival of a “new European” in a “new Europe”. This Europe of which Nietzsche spoke had nothing in common with what is generally perceived as being the West. His Europe, and its Europeans, do not really exist, and, from a geographical and geopolitical point of view, have no easily identifiable borders. In this work, we underline the restrictions of secularisation, and other aspects that go beyond nationalism, which is in itself a concept that goes beyond that of nihilism. It may be said that Nietzsche had the most acerbic contempt for European illusions, showing – and hoping to thus eradicate – the fiction of a “non-contradictory” Europe, a Europe that is blandly conciliatory but also both individualistic and demanding of equal rights. Such behaviour was denounced by Nietzsche because this wind of change, polluted by nationalism and mercantile industrial power to the detriment of vital creation, can only end in catastrophe, suffocating and preventing the resurgence or appearance of the individual creator, the artist. Values have thus already been adopted in a negative, unhealthy sense and denigrating life in this way is not indifferent from a political point of view. It is not a question of simplistic vitalism. Modern Western man is the result of this history. And this history is the result of the inverted “hominisation” produced by the herd effect, and which is also a sort of programmed dehumanisation. The cure for this ill is Dionysus, the Greek god who was the hero that conquered European centricity and chauvinism. It should be stressed that this project, which consists in criticising egalitarianism as a form of “domestication”, favours a return to the text, and not “conceptual construction”. This theme has also been studied by other authors, such as Patrick Wotling, Paolo D’Iorio, Giuliano Campioni, Wolfgang Müller-Lauter and Peter Sloterdijk, to name but a few.To avoid any confusion, and despite the section on the “characteristics of the philosophy of meaning and values” which will identify the “greater politics”, we would like to stress the following points: first of all, the departure from Schopenhauer’s will to live, followed by an evaluation of the transcendence of instinct which shows that Nietzsche moved away from the level of furious irrationalism and, finally, the form taken by the refusal of Darwinism. It is thus possible to speak of a desire for power which is no longer reduced to being a volitional category, but which has become motivated (for example, physical and military oppression, or the accumulation of capital).Nietzsche’s reconquest of values needs to be approached within a context that is better understood, starting with a re-evaluation of our own. This recalls Sloterdijk’s Rules for the Human Zoo, written in response to Heidegger, but which is merely an extension of the domestication/breeding opposition (Zähmung/Züchtung) that Nietzsche conceptualised in favour of what would make “good Europeans”.It is thus that we can understand that the “political” stakes are, in reality, civilisation choices (Kultur), which require a purely anthropological conception of man. Only the metaphysics of culture can thus make it possible to go beyond European nihilism and its many eco-theo-logical versions
Maglione, Erminio. "Albert Camus et la réception de Nietzsche en France de 1877 à 1960." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR2020.
Full textThe present work aims to investigate the reception of Nietzsche in France from 1877 to 1960 starting from the first translation of the german philosopher until the death of one of his most original interpreters, Albert Camus (1913-1960). The considered period is the one that prepares the advent of the "Nietzsche Renaissance" of the 1960s and that will contribute to focus attention on the anti-dialectic Nietzsche. Concerning the methodological level, the analysis will be based on the approaches of the history of ideas, of the philosophy of culture and of the history of philosophy, focusing on what appeared to be the dominating guidelines of french interpretation of Nietzsche. The structure of the subject is outlined in three main historical and cultural sections. The first one investigates Nietzsche's relations with french modernity (Descartes, Pascal, Montaigne) in order to show the great influence that the latter had on the first and how this proximity was the basis of his fruitful reception. The second section traces the main stages of Nietzsche's reception from 1877 to 1960. The third one focuses on the reading of Camus and its elements of originality. Two appendices close the work: an italian translation of a juvenile text by Camus, the Essai sur la musique (testimony of his early Nietzschean readings), and a chronological list of the german thinker's translations from 1877 to 1960
Onfray, Michel. "Les implications éthiques et politiques des pensées négatives de Schopenhauer à Spengler." Caen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CAEN1010.
Full textCatone, Giuseppina. "Vattimo e Severino. Sulle tracce del nichilismo nietzscheano." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399923.
Full textIn agreement to Nietzschean’s genealogy method and to hermeneutics of Heidegger, this research project propose to investigate the phenomenon of the crisis of western philosophical thought trough two contemporary thinkers: Gianni Vattimo and Emanuele Severino. These not only interpret the crisis of modernity with the history of modern sceptical-nichilistic inclination but also as an incontrovertible destiny of the all European metaphysical thought from Plato to the scientific revolution of the centuries XVI-XVII and from the last one to technological end of the modern age. Both Vattimo and Severino agree with Nietsche and Heidegger but they, as representatives of post-modernity philosophy, propose a joint solution; to dissolve the rigidities of epistemic thought and return it to the right balance between scientific certainty and be like becoming. Historicizing the analysis of Nietzsche and Heidegger, Vattimo’s and Severino’s philosophies deliver us back to the real doubt and the paradox of the expression.
Khalatbari, Babak. "L'inspiration orientale dans l’œuvre d’Henri Cazalis." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040064.
Full textThis research has for goal to demonstrate, according to the biographical elements of Henri Cazalis,- exposed in the book of Lawrence A. Joseph, the preface of S. Rocheblave to an anthology of the works of the author, as also the autobiographical notes of H. Cazalis, the reason why this author is, as mentions R. Petitbon in his thesis on the influence of hindu thoughts on the works of Cazalis and those of his contemporaries, the French author of the 19th century who has been the most profoundly inspired by the oriental thoughts and literatures( hindu and Persian). The answer that the author of this thesis tries to develop constitutes a work which studies the convictions as also the evolution of the personal thought of H. Cazalis- known as the only poet-philosopher of Le Parnasse contemporain review- with the thoughts of some classical Persian poets and the hindu religions and philosophies. H. Cazalis, who has studied well these oriental thoughts, adopted with sagacity the elements which suit perfectly his own one. In fact, the freedom of thought is his main trait of character. The last chapter studies briefly the social activities of Dr. H. Cazalis in order to show the outcome of his intellectual proceeding
Aziza, Samy. "Approche philosophique du nihilisme dans l'oeuvre de Stanley Kubrick." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010653.
Full textLanza, Jean-François. "The search for public virtue." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0009/NQ36291.pdf.
Full textLizotte, Danick. "Danser autour d'un Oui: La Volonté de Puissance chez Friedrich Nietzsche." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24864/24864.pdf.
Full textWilliston, Byron. "The problem of nihilism in the philosophy of Nietzsche." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10203.
Full textHernandez, Brian. "Nihilism and the Formulation of a Philosophy of Art." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc67991/.
Full textSonolet, Daglind. "Modernité apocalyptique et engagement anti-nihiliste chez Günther Anders." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040216.
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