Academic literature on the topic 'Niklosamid'

Belum ada informasi terkait analisis penetapan kadar dari niklosamid dalam sediaan farmasi untuk hewan dengan metode menggunakan Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis. Metode tersebut digunakan dengan pertimbangan prinsif kerja lebih sederhana, spesifik, akurat dan tepat dikembangkan dan divalidasi untuk estimasi simultan. Penelitia ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memvalidasi metode analisis pada penetapan kadar niklosamid monohidrat dalam sediaan obat hewan dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Serapan maksimum pada niklosamid monohidrat yaitu pada panjang gelombang 237,5 nm. Diperoleh hubungan yang linier antara konsentrasi dan serapan, dengan koefisien korelasi (r) = 0,9998 dan persamaan garis regresi Y= 0,0628 X - 0,00543. Pada penentuan kadar niklosamid dalam sampel obat hewan di dapat kadar sebesar 96,94%. Uji presisi, didapat nilai RSD adalah 1,03%; 1,52 % dan 0,58%. Uji validasi dapat memenuhi persyaratan, dengan nilai persentase recovery akurasi sebesar 94,435 % dan nilai RSD untuk presisi sebesar 1,515%. Dengan LOD dan LOQ sebesar 0,458 dan 1,5270. Kata kunci: LOD, LOQ, Niklosamide, RSD, Validation

Penggunaan moluskisida untuk menanggulangi hama dalam budidaya tanaman padi yang semakin meningkat berpotensi mencemari lingkungan perairan, karena mengandung residu dari bahan aktifnya. Moluskisida niklosamida (C13H8Cl2N2O4) merupakan bahan aktif pestisida yang digunakan untuk memberantas hama keong mas atau siput murbei (Pomacea sp.) di sawah. Dengan demikian, bahan tersebut memiliki potensi untuk mencemari lahan tempat usaha budidaya ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi toksisitas akut niklosamida terhadap benih ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) 24, 48, dan 96 jam. Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Riset Lingkungan Perikanan Budidaya dan Toksikologi, Cibalagung-Bogor. Menggunakan ikan mas dengan bobot individu 2,47 ± 0,13 g. Moluskisida yang digunakan mengandung bahan aktif niklosamida 250g/L. Wadah pengujian berupa 21 unit akuarium kaca berukuran 40 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm yang dilengkapi aerasi serta saluran pemasukan dan pengeluaran. Jumlah ikan uji setiap wadah 10 ekor dengan peubah yang diukur adalah mortalitas ikan. Selama penelitian ikan tidak diberi makan. Tahapan penelitian terdiri atas penentuan nilai ambang atas-bawah, nilai lethal time dan LC50 -24, 48, 72, dan 96 jam. Data diolah dengan analisis probit program LC50. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai LC50-24, 48, 72, dan 96 jam terhadap benih ikan mas adalah 0,8012 (0,7140—0,8990); 0,5999 (0,5356—0,6719); 0,4511 (0,4067—0,5004); dan 0,3849 mg/L (0,3684—0,4061). Hal ini menunjukkan niklosamida termasuk pestisida yang memiliki toksisitas sangat tinggi (golongan A).The use of molluscicide in aquatic as well as in terresterial agro ecosystem without properly controlled may produce detrimental effects on freshwater fisheries. Molluscicide utilization for golden apple snail (Pomacea sp.) control in rice field has increased. The ingredient potencially has a possibility to pollute aquaculture water. The experiment aimed to determine potency of lethal toxicity (LC50) 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours of niclosamide on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry. This research was conducted at Research Station for Enviroment and Toxicology, Cibalagung-Bogor by using molluscicide containing niclosamide of 250 EC. Twenty one glass aquaria of 40 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm in size filled with 10 L of water were used in this experiment equipped with water circulation system and stockted with 10 fry per aquarium. Parameter observed was the mortality of fry and water quality. The tested fish were not fed during the treatment. Preliminary research was performed by finding concentration range, lethal time dan LC50 of 24, 48, 72, dan 96 hours. Data obtained was analyzed using LC50 probit analysis program. Result of the experiments indicated that the lethal toxicity (LC50) of niclosamide on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry were as follows: 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours which were 0.8012 (0.7140—0.8990), 0.5999 (0.5356—0.6719), 0.4511(0.4067—0.5004), and 0,3849 mg/L (0.3684—0.4061). The niclosamide is extremely toxic (classification A).

Golden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculata L.) is one of important pests in rice cultivation that could making damage up to 90%. Some attempt to control that often done among them is mechanical control and chemical control by using molluscicide. One of type of molluscicide that is have predominence to control golden apple snail is molluscicide with active ingredient of niclosamide with character contact pesticide. The purpose of this research to know the effectivity of molluscicide niclosamide to control golden apple snail pest by treatment of various concentration. This research was conducted in the Lampeji Village, Jember using Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatment and 4 replication with concentration of molluscicide each of which is 0 ml/l, 1 ml/l, 2 ml/l, 3 ml/l, 4 ml/l, and 5 ml/l. The observed variables is mortality of golden apple snail, crops damage intensity, and total eggs group produced by golden apple snail. The result show that treatments of molluscicide with active ingredient of niclosamide could control golden apple snail with value 61,75% until 89,06%. The effective and efficient treatment is application treatment with value of concentration is 3ml/l with value 84,68%. Application of molluscicide with active ingredient of niclosamide also affected in crops damage intensity. The result of crops damage intensity is coming up with score from 8,28% until 23,03%. Treatments of molluscicide with active ingredient of niclosamide overall could reduce potention of spawn eggs from golden apple snail pest. Eggs only found in control found 1 to 3 eggs group, whereas in P1-P5 no.

This study aims to determine the level of toxicity of the active ingredient based niclosamide on the value LC50- 24h against crustaceans and the duration of the residual effect of niclosamide in water. Methods This study used a completely randomized design with 4 different concentration levels and 0 ppm as a control. Toxicity tests using a concentration of 1.7783; 3.1623; 5.6235 and 10.0002 ppm. To determine the duration of the test using the residual effects of detoxification. In the detoxification test stick with a concentration in the toxicity test. Probit analysis results in test animals showed values (LC50) - 24 hours amounted to 3.6282 ppm, while the length of the residual effects of niclosamide in water for 96 hours. Kata kunci : Crustacea, niclosamide, and toxicity

S100A4 spielt eine zentrale Rolle für die Metastasierung des Dickdarmkrebses. Die Hemmung der S100A4 Expression stellt damit einen vielversprechenden therapeutischen Ansatz dar. Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert Niklosamid und Calcimycin als neue Inhibitoren der S100A4 Transkription. In Kolonkarzinomzellen, die mit einem der beiden Inhibitoren behandelt wurden, wurde die S100A4 Expression konzentrations- und zeitabhängig unterdrückt. Des Weiteren war die Zellmigration und -invasion in Abhängigkeit von S100A4 in behandelten Zellen vermindert. Niklosamid und Calcimycin Behandlung verhinderten die Zellproliferation und die Koloniebildung von Kolonkarzinomzellen. Beide Inhibitoren hemmten den konstitutiv aktiven Wnt Pathway von Kolonkarzinomzellen. Calcimycin Behandlung verminderte die Expression von beta-catenin. Niklosamid hemmte die Bildung des beta-catenin/TCF Komplexes und unterband damit die Expression von Wnt Pathway Genen, wie z.B. S100A4. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein in vivo Tiermodell entwickelt, mit dem die S100A4-induzierte Metastasierung mit Hilfe von nicht-invasivem Biolumineszenz Imaging visualisiert werden konnte. In diesem Model konnte gezeigt werden, dass Niklosamid signifikant die S100A4 Expression im Tumor vermindert und damit die Metastasierung hemmt. Des Weiteren zeigt diese Arbeit, dass S100A4 die Expression des Wnt Pathway Antagonisten DKK-1 in Kolonkarzinomzellen hemmt. DKK-1 selbst konnte als endogener Inhibitor der S100A4 Expression identifiziert werden. Zusammenfassend beschreibt die vorliegende Arbeit einen neuen regulativen Mechanismus im Wnt Pathway, der die S100A4 Expression im Kolonkarzinom fördert. Diese Beobachtung verdeutlicht die Notwendigkeit für wirksame S100A4 Inhibitoren, wie Niklosamid und Calcimycin, die das Potenzial haben, in einer klinischen Anwendung die Metastasierung von Kolonkarzinompatienten mit erhöhter S100A4 Expression zu hemmen und damit deren Überlebenschance wesentlich zu verbessern.
S100A4 promotes metastasis in colon cancer patients thereby reducing their five-year survival chances to less than 10%. Consequently, inhibition of S100A4 expression is a promising strategy for anti-metastatic treatment of colon cancer patients. The present study characterizes the small molecules niclosamide and calcimycin as transcriptional inhibitors of S100A4 which reduced S100A4 expression concentration- and time-dependently. Niclosamide and calcimycin treatment restricted cell migration, invasion and wound healing capabilities in a S100A4-specific manner, and inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation of colon cancer cells. Both small molecule inhibitors interfere with the constitutively active Wnt pathway. Targeting β-catenin expression by calcimycin or interfering with the β-catenin/TCF transcription activating complex by niclosamide resulted in reduced Wnt target gene transcription, among them S100A4. The study further presents a human colon cancer xenograft mouse model for monitoring S100A4-induced metastasis formation via non-invasive bioluminescence imaging. Treatment of xenograft mice with niclosamide resulted in a significant reduction of the S100A4 mRNA level in the tumor accompanied by inhibition of metastasis formation. Moreover, this study presents evidence that S100A4 is an inhibitor of DKK-1 expression. In colon cancer cells DKK-1 and S100A4 expression was negatively correlated. Ectopic S100A4 overexpression inhibited DKK-1 expression. Targeting S100A4 via shRNA recovered the repressed DKK-1 expression and vice versa. In summary, the study describes a novel positive feedback loop in the Wnt pathway regulation formed by S100A4 repressing its antagonist DKK-1. This novel mechanism further strengthens the need for S100A4 inhibitors such as niclosamide or calcimycin. Consequently, such small molecules provide immense potential for the treatment of colon cancer patients who are at high risk for S100A4-induced colon cancer metastasis.