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Oczkowski, Autumn Jean. "Fertilizing the land, lagoons, and sea : a first look at human impacts on the Nile Delta fishery, Egypt /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2009. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3368003.
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Hibbs, Vivian A. "The Mendes maze a libation table for the inundation of the Nile (II-III A.D.) /." New York : Garland, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12216064.html.
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Aly, Mohamed Hassan. "Radar interferometry for monitoring land subsidence and coastal change in the Nile Delta, Egypt." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1022.
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Cagle, Anthony J. "The spatial structure of Kom el-Hisn : an Old Kingdom town in the western Nile Delta, Egypt /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6478.
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Echtaie, Rawad S. "An investigation into land-use change in two contrasting areas in the Nile Delta, Egypt." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/386.
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Understanding land-use change in developing countries, particularly those situated in environmentally vulnerable and and semi-arid zones, is crucial given the considerable pressures arising due to rapid population growth, climate change and desertification. The purpose of this research was to investigate the main drivers affecting land-use change in the eastern part of the Nile Delta, Egypt in the last two decades. Two contrasting cities in the region were selected for detailed analysis. Almansourah is an ancient settlement relatively close to the Damietta branch of the Nile whereas Alzaqazig is a recent development and the surrounding area was reclaimed from the desert. The DPSIR (driving forces, pressures, state, impacts and responses) model was adopted as the conceptual framework for organising and categorising the factors affecting landuse change in these two areas. It is a linear, `formulaic' approach, based on the concept of causality chains which connect human activities with environmental information. The case study approach was used as the main methodology, although both qualitative and quantitative techniques were employed throughout. A range of sources were consulted throughout the investigation to ensure that the evidence was internally consistent: remote sensing data, questionnaire data, interviews, participant observation and census data. More than 180 farmers were interviewed in the two study areas and the majority of these (71%) farmed less than 2ha. Using remote sensing data it was found that crop patterns had changed considerably in the two areas both with regard to their geographical distribution and extent. In the Almansourah study area, the key changes during the past two decades were the increase of cotton area and the decrease in rice, maize and other crops. In contrast, the Alzagazig study area experienced an increase in cotton and rice area with minor increase in maize fields. There was also an expansion of urban and rural-urban settlements into agricultural land in both the study areas.One of the critical physical factors for land-use change was found to be the need for irrigation water. Regarding the two study areas, Almansourah currently enjoys greater availability of irrigation water because of its proximity to the Nile compared to Alzagazig which facilitated land-use change in Almansourah. On a more general level the aridity of the Nile Delta region makes water a limiting factor in agricultural production. Analysis of the driving forces showed that land-use change was highly dependent on economic factors such as transportation availability and cost as well as the contribution of women. Land-use change was significantly influenced by transportation availability in Almansourah but not in Alzaqazig possibly because of the greater need to transport agricultural produce to market. Social drivers were also found to be significant. One significant pressure was caused by population growth; in Almansourah the lack of alternative sources of land led to the expansion of urban and rural urban settlements onto fertile agricultural fields. The study confirmed that a farmer's educational level plays an important role in agricultural production. Almost 25% of farmers in Almansourah and 30% in Alzaqaziq had no formal education and this difference led to variations in land-use change between the areas. Education level was found to have a considerable influence on crop rotation and manure use in the Almansourah study area. Conversely, subsidies from private financial sources and rural women's contribution to agricultural production were among the key drivers for land-use change in the Alzaqazig study area. One of the innovative aspects of this study was the application of the DPSIR framework. Although it has been used to advantage in the developed world, it has not been applied to study land-use change in an arid, developing country. The study confirmed that the framework worked well in such a context. Notable strengths included its comprehensive nature, ability to deal with uncertainty and handle different types of data. A further advantage was that it could incorporate sub-models to investigate individual driving forces, for example, the need for irrigation water. Overall the use of DPSIR was flexible enough to highlight the major causative drivers affecting land-use and also to take account of the action of more subtle and complex factors.
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Kaiser, Mona Fouad Mohamed. "Monitoring and modelling the impact of engineering structures on the coastline change, Nile Delta, Egypt." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402628.
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Elmetwalli, Adel M. H. "Remote sensing as a precision farming tool in the Nile Valley, Egypt." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/844.
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Detecting stress in plants resulting from different stressors including nitrogen deficiency, salinity, moisture, contamination and diseases, is crucial in crop production. In the Nile Valley, crop production is hindered perhaps more fundamentally by issues of water supply and salinity. Predicting stress in crops by conventional methods is tedious, laborious and costly and is perhaps unreliable in providing a spatial context of stress patterns. Accurate and quick monitoring techniques for crop status to detect stress in crops at early growth stages are needed to maximize crop productivity. In this context, remotely sensed data may provide a useful tool in precision farming. This research aims to evaluate the role of in situ hyperspectral and high spatial resolution satellite remote sensing data to detect stress in wheat and maize crops and assess whether moisture induced stress can be distinguished from salinity induced stress spectrally. A series of five greenhouse based experiments on wheat and maize were undertaken subjecting both crops to a range of salinity and moisture stress levels. Spectroradiometry measurements were collected at different growth stages of each crop to assess the relationship between crop biophysical and biochemical properties and reflectance measurements from plant canopies. Additionally, high spatial resolution satellite images including two QuickBird, one ASTER and two SPOT HRV were acquired in south-west Alexandria, Egypt to assess the potential of high spectral and spatial resolution satellite imagery to detect stress in wheat and maize at local and regional scales. Two field work visits were conducted in Egypt to collect ground reference data and coupled with Hyperion imagery acquisition, during winter and summer seasons of 2007 in March (8-30: wheat) and July (12-17: maize). Despite efforts, Hyperion imagery was not acquired due to factors out with the control of this research. Strong significant correlations between crop properties and different vegetation indices derived from both ground based and satellite platforms were observed. RDVI showed a sensitive index to different wheat properties (r > 0.90 with different biophysical properties). In maize, GNDVIbr and Cgreen had strong significant correlations with maize biophysical properties (r > 0.80). PCA showed the possibility to distinguish between moisture and salinity induced stress at the grain filling stages. The results further showed that a combined approach of high (2-5 m) and moderate (15-20) spatial resolution satellite imagery can provide a better mechanistic interpretation of the distribution and sources of stress, despite the typical small size of fields (20-50 m scale). QuickBird imagery successfully detects stress within field and local scales, whereas SPOT HRV imagery is useful in detecting stress at a regional scale, and therefore, can be a robust tool in identifying issues of crop management at a regional scale. Due to the limited spectral capabilities of high spatial resolution images, distinguishing different sources of stress is not directly possible, and therefore, hyperspectral satellite imagery (e.g. Hyperion or HyspIRI) is required to distinguish between moisture and salinity induced stress. It is evident from the results that remotely sensed data acquired by both in situ hyperspectral and high spatial resolution satellite remote sensing can be used as a useful tool in precision farming in the Nile Valley, Egypt. A combined approach of using reliable high spatial and spectral satellite remote sensing data could provide better insight about stress at local and regional scales. Using this technique as a precision farming and management tool will lead to improved crop productivity by limiting stress and consequently provide a valuable tool in combating issues of food supply at a time of rapid population growth.
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Buck, Paul E. "Structure and content of Old Kingdom archaeological deposits in the western Nile delta, Egypt : a geoarchaeological example /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6543.
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Shacks, Vincent. "Habitat vulnerability for the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1651.
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Belal, Abdelaziz Belal Abdel Elmontalbe. "Precision farming in the small farmland in the eastern Nile Delta Egypt using remote sensing and GIS." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980583543.
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Fugate, Joseph M. "Measurements of Land Subsidence Rates on the North-western Portion of the Nile Delta Using Radar Interferometry Techniques." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1407516924.
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Abdulaziz, Adbulaziz Mohamed. "Applications of remote sensing, GIS, and groundwater flow modeling in evaluating groundwater resources two case studies; east Nile Delta, Egypt and Gold Valley, California, USA /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Gerhardsen, S. "Play with water and you'll get burned : how scarce natural resources may internationalise internal wars : the case of Sudan, Egypt, and the Nile." Thesis, Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5348.
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Hanke, Nora. "East Africa’s growing power : challenging Egypt’s hydropolitical position on the Nile." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80202.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.Bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This case study on East Africa analyses the impact of changing power relations over the last decade on Egypt’s hydro-hegemony on the Nile River Basin. Covering one-tenth of Africa’s landmass and providing resources for the 340 million people and countless species, the Nile is exemplary of Africa’s geographic, cultural and ecological diversity, as well as its political complexity. Eleven riparian states lie in its basin area and compete for dwindling water resources as demand rises in a highly asymmetrical power relationship between upstream and downstream states. Egypt, although geographically disadvantaged due to its downstream position, has established hydro-hegemony by combining material capabilities, legal and institutional mechanisms, as well as knowledge production. Its relative wealth is contingent upon the supply of Nile water, as it makes up 95% of Egypt’s freshwater. Egypt has legally secured its claim through the 1959 Treaty on the Full Utilisation of the Nile Waters which divides the Nile water flow between Egypt and Sudan. Egypt further established consolidated control by using its downstream position in the World Bank to de facto veto upstream hydro-electric power projects throughout the 1990s. In contrast, the East African Community Partner States only started to lay claim to the water over the last decade due to its history of colonialism, proxy wars and political instability. In 2002, the EAC decided to manage the Lake Victoria Basin jointly. Paired with growing stability and economic growth in the region, this management has attracted Chinese investment in hydro-electric power projects, notably dams, giving East Africa financial independence from both the World Bank and Egypt to build hydro-infrastructure projects. East African states use the influx of Chinese investments to increase their respective defence budgets while Egypt’s military spending, as a share of GDP, has been decreasing over the last decade. Under the Nyerere Doctrine, East African states refuse to honour the 1959 Treaty and have asked for re-negotiation. The first step was taken in 2011, when six upstream states under EAC leadership signed the Cooperative Framework Agreement paving the way for renegotiation, in the face of Egypt’s explicit refusal. Domestic factors in Egypt, coupled with East Africa’s growing self-confidence, are slowly changing the power relations in the Nile basin. Using the London Water Research Group’s Hydro-Hegemony framework in a triangular diachronic single-case study research design, this study traces the processes of counter-hegemony and hydropolitical power shifts. Understanding these political processes is the first step towards the sustainable distribution of the Nile water resources on the basin level.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie gevallestudie oor Oos-Afrika ontleed die impak van veranderende magsverhoudinge op Egipte se beheer oor die loop van die Nylwater gedurende die laaste dekade. Die Nyl, wat vloei oor een tiende van die landmassa van Afrika en lewensmiddele verskaf aan die 340 miljoen mense en ontelbare spesies wat daar ´n bestaan voer, dien as voorbeeld vir Afrika se geografiese, kulturele en ekologiese diversiteit sowel as die politieke kompleksiteit daarvan. Elf oewerstate lê in die Nylopvanggebied en wedywer vir waterbronne wat afneem, terwyl die aanvraag styg in ‘n hoogs asimmetriese magsverhouding tussen die lande wat stroomop en stroomaf geleë is. Alhoewel Egipte geografies benadeel is deur stroomaf geleë te wees, het die land hidrohegemonie verkry deur middel van sy materiële vermoëns, wets- en institutêre meganismes, en kennisproduksie. Die relatiewe rykdom van Egipte is afhanklik van die beskikbaarheid van Nylwater, wat 95% van die land se varswater verskaf. Egipte het sy aanspraak daarop wetlik vasgelê deur middel van die 1959 Verdrag oor die Volle Gebruik van die Nylwater, wat die Nyl se vloei verdeel tussen Egipte en die Soedan. Gedurende die 1990s het die land sy beheer verder versterk deur sy stroomafposisie by die Wêreldbank te gebruik om hidroelktriesekragprojekte stroomop de facto te veto. As gevolg van ‘n geskiedenis van kolonialisme en politieke onrus, het die lidstate van die Oos-Afrikaanse Gemeenskap (OAG) egter eers gedurende die laaste dekade begin om die Nylwater te eis. In 2002 het die OAG besluit om die Victoriameer-opvanggebied gesamentlik te beheer. Hierdie beheer, saam met toenemende bestendigheid en ekonomiese groei in die gebied, het aanleiding gegee tot Chinese beleggings in hidroelektriesekragprojekte, veral damme, sodat Oos-Afrika finansiële onafhanklikheid verkry het van beide die Wêreldbank en Egipte om sy eie hidro-infrastuktuurprojekte te bou. Terwyl die Oos-Afrikaanse lande die invloei van Chinese beleggings gebruik om hulle onderskeie verdedigingsbegrotings te vergroot, het Egipte se militêre uitgawes afgeneem as ‘n deel van die BBP oor die laaste dekade. Die Oos-Afrikaanse lande beroep hulle op die Nyerere Dokrine deur te weier om die 1959 Verdrag na te kom, en het versoek dat dit heronderhandel word. Die eerste treë is in 2011, geneem toe ses stroomoplande onder die leierskap van die OAG die Koöperatiewe Raamwerk Verdrag onderteken het, wat die pad voorberei vir heronderhandeling ten spyte van Egipte se onomwonde weiering daartoe.
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Ahmed, Mohamed Saber Mohamed Sayed. "Hydrological Approaches of Wadi System Considering Flash Floods in Arid Regions." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/126791.
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Flaux, Clément. "Paléo-environnements littoraux Holocène du lac Maryut, nord-ouest du delta du Nil, Egypte." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3011/document.
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La cité d'Alexandrie s'est développée sur un cordon littoral étroit, baigné au sud par le Maryut, lagune du delta du Nil qui s'est trouvée ainsi au coeur de l'économie industrielle et commerciale de la cité et de son arrière-pays depuis l'antiquité jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Dans ce riche contexte géo-archéologique, l'objectif de cette thèse de géomorphologie littorale a été de proposer une clef de lecture environnementale de l'histoire de l'occupation de la région du Maryut. L'analyse bio-sédimentologique des archives sédimentaires datées au radiocarbone, ainsi que la mesure du rapport isotopique du strontium dans des coquilles d'ostracode ont été utilisées pour reconstituer l'évolution hydrologique et géographique de la lagune à l'Holocène. La dépression du Maryut est transgressée par la mer vers 7,5 ka cal. BP. Les apports du Nil deviennent ensuite progressivement dominant dans le budget hydrologique, parallèlement à la progradation du littorale deltaïque. A partir de 5,5 ka cal. BP, nos données décrivent le retour progressif de conditions marines dominantes, associées à la réduction des débits du Nil, dans le contexte de la terminaison de la Période Africaine Humide. Cette lagune marine apparaît pérenne jusque 3ka cal BP, puis, dans le courant du 3ème millénaire BP, les intrants nilotiques redeviennent prépondérant. Ensuite, les archives sédimentaires et les données historiques disponibles décrivent une histoire environnementale contrastée est apparue corrélée à des phases de dynamisme et de récession agricole et met en évidence, selon nous, l'impact croissant des pratiques d'irrigation sur le fonctionnement du Maryut, situé en terminaison de la chaîne hydrauliqueThe ancient city of Alexandria was founded upon a narrow beach ridge, washed by the Maryut to the south. This Nile delta lagoon has been at the heart of the industrial and commercial economies of the city from Antiquity through to present day. Against the backdrop of this rich geoarchaeological context, the aim of this coastal geomorphology thesis is to elucidate the environmental history of the Maryut region.We have reconstructed the hydrological and geographical evolution of the lagoon during the Holocene using: (1) bio-sedimentology of radiocarbon-dated sediment archives; and (2) strontium isotopes in ostracod shells. The Maryut basin was transgressed by the sea around 7.5 ka cal. BP. Progressively, Nile inputs became dominant in the lagoon's hydrological budget, concomitant with the coastal progradation of the delta. After 5.5 ka cal. BP, our data attest to a gradual return to dominant marine conditions, which we link to a reduction in Nile flow in the context of the end of the African Humid Period. This marine lagoon seems to have been perennial until 3 ka cal. BP before Nile inflow became dominant, from the 3rd millennium BP until 0.8-0.9 ka cal. BP. The sediment archives and the historical data support an important retraction of the waterbody around 1 ka cal. BP, recorded by evaporite deposits. This was followed by a new highstand around 0.7 ka cal. BP before a retraction centred on 0.3-0.2 ka cal. BP. Since around 2000 years, this contrasting environmental history is correlated with phases of agriculture peaks and recessions and shows the increasing impact of irrigation practices on the functioning of the Maryut, located at the end of the hydrological conveyor
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Abu, Khatita Atef Mohamady [Verfasser], and Roman [Akademischer Betreuer] Koch. "Assessment of soil and sediment contamination in the Middle Nile Delta area (Egypt)[[Elektronische Ressource]] : Geo-Environmental study using combined sedimentological, geophysical and geochemical methods = Bewertung der Kontamination von Böden und Sediment im Mittleren Nil Delta Gebiet (Ägypten) / Atef Abu Khatita. Betreuer: Roman Koch." Erlangen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015475221/34.
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Rosenow, Daniela. "Das Tempelhaus des Großen Bastet-Tempels in Bubastis." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17087.
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Die hier vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die architektonischen Überreste des von Nektanebos II. um die Mitte des vierten Jahrhunderts v. Chr. in Bubastis (östliches Nildelta) errichteten Tempelkomplexes. Das Gebäude wurde vor etwa 2000 Jahren, vermutlich durch ein Erdbeben, zerstört und die heute an der Oberfläche liegenden ca. 1500 Blöcke (zumeist Rosengranit) bilden die materielle Grundlage dieser Arbeit. Mittels einer Analyse der dekorierten und/oder architektonisch relevanten Blöcke wird versucht, den ursprüngliche Grundriss des Tempels sowie sein Dekorationsprogramm zu rekonstruieren. Darüberhinaus sollen grundsätz¬lichere Fragen nach der Funktion der Baustruktur und der Bedeutung der Ikonographie dieser Anlage im Lichte spätzeitlicher Sakralarchitektur, geklärt werden. Der Grundriss des Tempels läßt bereits den in der folgenden Ptolemäerzeit kanonischen Bauplan erahnen, der den Schutz des Götterbildes in den Vordergrund stellt. Das zentrale Kapitel der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Rekonstruktion der mindestens 11 Naoi, die im Tempelhaus untergebracht waren. Die Wände des Tempels und der Naoi geben ikonograhische Elemente, wie bspw. eine Inventarliste, eine kulttopograpjhische Liste, kryptographische Kartuschen, eine monographische Inschrift oder kosmologische Abbildungen, wieder. Hier wird eine der wesentlichen Grundtendenzen spätzeitlichen Tempelbaus greifbar, nämlich das scheinbar starke Bedürfnis, geographisch, kosmologisch, theologisch und mythologisch relevantes Wissen zu kodifizieren. Letztenendes scheinen diese Entwicklungen im spätzeitlichen Tempelbau- und dekor die politische Realität der 30. Dynastie widerzuspiegeln, in der Ägypten permanent von Angriffen der Perser bedroht war und die Tempel, v.a. im Ostdelta, zu einer architektonischen, zugleich aber auch rituell-magischen Festung des Göttlichen wurden.This work analyses the architectural remains of the temple erected in Tell Basta/Bubastis (Eastern Nile delta) by Nekhthorheb/Nectanebo II around the middle of the 4th century BC. It collapsed, probably due to an earthquake, about 2000 years ago and today ca. 1500 (mainly granite) blocks cover the surface of the ancient temple area. Based on the analysis of decorated and/ or architecturally diagnostic blocks (ca. 300) this study aims at retracing the original layout of the temple, its decoration and inscriptions and tries to contextualise the building within broader themes of Late Period sacred architecture. The layout of the temple already foreshadows the canonic temple layout for the later Ptolemaic temples where the protection of the cult image of a god inside the temple became paramount. The core chapter of the book deals with the reconstruction of the altogether at least eleven naoi that were housed in the building. The walls of the temple and the shrines feature iconographic elements such as an inventory lists, a culttopographical list, cryptographic cartouches, a monographic inscription or cosmological depictions, reflecting an apparently strong need to codify theologically, cultic and mythologically relevant knowledge and might be interpreted in the light of daily cult activities and the annual festival in honour of the goddess Bastet. Ultimately, the developments in Late Period temple architecture and decoration seem to reflect the political reality of the 30th dynasty – a time where Egypt was under the constant threat of a(nother) Persian invasion which shaped Egyptian identity and self-awareness, and the country’s temples, especially in the Eastern Nile delta, became not only an architectural, but more so a religious fortresses for the protection of Ancient Egyptian beliefs.
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Jammal, Mirna. "La question de l’eau au Proche-Orient : enjeux géopolitiques et perspectives." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020012.
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L’eau douce est une ressource clé à la santé, prospérité et sécurité humaine. Elle est essentielle à l’éradication de la pauvreté, à l’égalité des gens et à la sécurité alimentaire. Néanmoins, des milliards d’êtres humains sont confrontés à de sérieux défis liés à l’eau. Le Proche-Orient est la région du monde où la ressource en eau est la plus susceptible de mener à des guerres. La dislocation de l’Empire ottoman a enlevé aux bassins hydrographiques leur unité politique, les nouvelles frontières les ayant partagés entre plusieurs États, à la suite des événements qui ont marqué la création de l’Irak, de la Transjordanie, du Liban, de la Syrie et de la Palestine. La région du Proche-Orient qui a une histoire mouvementée, vit un stress hydrique. La situation géopolitique influence directement les besoins des populations en eau. En l’absence d’une stratégie de l’eau, cette dernière est devenue un moyen de pression politique pour les États. Certains d’entre eux utilisent l’eau comme une arme hydraulique permettant d’obtenir des concessions de leurs voisins, l’exemple de la Turquie avec la Syrie et l’Irak, et l’Iran avec l’Irak et les tensions régionales relatives au partage de l’eau du Jourdain et les eaux du Nil. L'importance de travailler sur un sujet de ce genre se base sur le fait d'une grande probabilité que la prochaine guerre au Proche-Orient sera une guerre de l'eauFreshwater is a key resource for health, prosperity and human security. It is essential to the eradication of poverty, to the equality of people and to food security. However, billions of human beings face serious water-related challenges. The Middle East is the region of the world where the water resource is most likely to lead to wars. The dislocation of the Ottoman Empire has removed from the watersheds their political unity, the new frontiers having shared them between several states, following the events that marked the creation of Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Palestine.By 2030, nearly half of the world's population will live in areas subject to high water stress. The reason to choose of writing a thesis in this field. The Middle East is at the heart of major geostrategic issues and remains a space of tension and confrontation due to the multiplicity of geopolitical, environmental and security issues. Watersheds are often shared among several countries. This delicate situation worsens as a result of population growth, rising standards of living and climate change. In this thesis, we tried to trace the problems to give a thorough legal and geopolitical visibility on the subject and tried to give solutions that could change at any time depending on the political situation in the region
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Morriss, Veronica Marie. "Islands in the Nile Sea: The Maritime Cultural Landscape of Thmuis, an Ancient Delta City." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-11205.
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In ancient Egypt, the Nile was both a lifeline and a highway. In addition to its crucial role for agriculture and water resources, the river united an area nearly five hundred miles in length. It was an avenue for asserting imperial authority over the vast expanse of the Nile valley River transport along the inland waterways was also an integral aspect of daily life and was employed by virtually every class of society; the king and his officials had ships for commuting, as did the landowner for shipping grain, and the 'marsh men' who lived in the northernmost regions of the Nile Delta. Considering the role of water transport in ancient Egypt we know surprisingly little about the maritime environment along the inland waterways of the Nile Delta. The physical interface between man and river is frequently obscured by the dearth of evidence for Delta waterways and fluvial harbors, and a lack of awareness for ancient hydrological conditions.
This thesis provides a preliminary reconstruction of the maritime cultural landscape of one Egyptian city, Thmuis, located in Egypt's eastern Nile Delta during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. It will demonstrate how the inhabitants of Greco-Roman Thmuis perceived, utilized, and interacted with their maritime environment, by incorporating available archaeological, material, geological, and textual evidence from Tell el- Timai (Thmuis).
These sources indicate that the Egyptians developed numerous ways to harness the dynamic riverine landscape of the eastern Nile Delta. Methods of irrigation were employed to divert and control the fruitful waters of the flood. Canalization enhanced the connectivity of the Nile Delta when the primary branches of the river were not suitable for sailing. Harbors were specially adapted to the shifting riverine conditions. When physical effort would not suffice, gods and goddesses were invoked to assist in the perils associated with life along the Nile, but also to ensure favorable conditions for navigating the inland waterways and the seas. After three thousand years of interaction with the Nilotic landscape, the Delta people developed a rich and complex relationship with their riverine environment that is evident in the Mendesian ideology, infrastructure, and history.
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HUANG, YEN-LING, and 黃嬿凌. "Cooperation and Conflict over Transboundary Water Disputes: The Nile River Dispute Between Egypt and Ethiopia." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75h7kn.
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碩士東海大學
政治學系
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Being a basic living condition for human beings, water resources are not only the basis of human civilization, but are also related to national security and economy development. Due to different climate or geographic conditions, the distribution of water resources is usually unevenly among states. Therefore, when states have disputes over the utility of transboundary waters, it may result in conflicts. If we review the history of international relations, it is not unusual to see conflicts happened when there was transboundary water dispute. The Nile River, the most important river located in eastern and northern Africa, mainly starts from Ethiopia and ends in Egypt. In April 2011, Ethiopia constructed the “Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam” in order to improve irrigation and generating electricity. However, because of locating at the downstream of the Nile River, the Dam would inevitably challenge Egypt’s historical rights and interests and therefore Egypt was strongly against this plan. In order to compete privileged positions, both countries employed internal and external resources to gain advantages. As a result, this dispute has intensified the Egypt-Ethiopia relations Concerning water resources of being irreplaceable for human survival, the cooperation among states over transboundary waters is definitely necessary. Accordingly, this thesis reviews the water dispute between Egypt and Ethiopia over the Nile River and analyses the factors behind their confronting positions. In order to understand whether is possible to encourage cooperation among countries over transboundary water disputes, this thesis also discussed and evaluated the roles of regional and international actors in the Nile River dispute.
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CLEMENT, Anne Marie. "Fallahin on Trial in Colonial Egypt: Apprehending the Peasantry through Orality, Writing, and Performance." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/65464.
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This dissertation explores the experiences of Egyptian peasants from the Delta province of Minufiyya who were tried for murder by newly created "native" or "national" courts between 1884 and 1914. Through the study of 2,000 pages of criminal files, I deconstruct how the colonial state used the modern techniques of judicial orality, writing, and performance, both to justify a series of reforms that turned the entire legal process into a parody of justice, and to develop a grand narrative that essentialized peasants as revengeful, greedy, and passionate and ultimately linked their alleged immorality to their illiteracy.
Furthermore, my work sheds light on how peasants reacted to this process of moralization of the law by promoting the "honor of the brigand" through violence and poetry. Finally, by focusing on the many petitions contained in the judicial files, my dissertation provides new insight into the development of a "vernacular" culture of the law that betrays the peasants' awareness of the highly political nature of the legal process.
By presenting and analyzing an untapped wealth of Egyptian archives produced by the native courts, this research not only sheds invaluable light on the workings and hence the very nature of British colonial justice in Egypt, but also represents a significant advance in the knowledge of the origins of Egypt's current legal system. On a more theoretical level, this study also constitutes an important contribution to the reflection on the subaltern subject initiated by Rosalind O'Hanlon and Talal Asad, by showing how the peasants' agency paradoxically lies in their "disempowerment."
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Barakat, Moataz Khairy Ahmad [Verfasser]. "Modern geophysical techniques for constructing a 3D geological model on the Nile Delta, Egypt / vorgelegt von Moataz Khairy Ahmad Barakat." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1010569597/34.
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Belal, Abdelaziz Belal Abdel Elmontalbe [Verfasser]. "Precision farming in the small farmland in the eastern Nile Delta Egypt using remote sensing and GIS / vorgelegt von Abdelaziz Belal Abdel Elmontalbe Belal." 2006. http://d-nb.info/980583543/34.
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Deputy, Emmarie. "Designed to deceive : President Hosni Mubarak's Toshka project." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3121.
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Since the dawn of industrialization, many authoritarian regimes have taken on massive public works projects which seem impressive or farfetched. Few onlookers are surprised when these projects are not completed or are completed at such a high cost that they appear to be an exercise in futility. Usually these failures are written off as dictatorial incompetence and overambition, but the initial motivations for beginning them are rarely addressed. This paper will argue that, rather than being a symptom of precipitant development or front for embezzlement, many of these projects were designed to fail because the regime received the largest benefit by starting them—not by completing them. Empirically this research will focus on the Toshka ‘New River Valley’ project in Egypt, which is Egypt’s largest development project and is designed to create a second Nile River Valley in the South and eventually be home to 20% of the Egypt’s population. In this report I explore the governments’ motivations, their intentions, the resulting symbolism and the repercussions of the Toshka project.text