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1

Bird-David, Nurit. "The Nilgiri Tribal Systems: A View From Below." Modern Asian Studies 28, no. 2 (May 1994): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00012439.

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In 1980, the Nilgiris of Tamil Nadu were chosen to be India's first biosphere reserve under the Man and the Environment program launched by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) in an attempt to conserve for study examples of characteristic eco-systems from each of the world's natural regions. Scholastic interest from a broad spectrum of disciplines has turned, therefore, to the Nilgiris, and it has become apparent that although the Nilgiris have been studied extensively, anthropological attention has been uneven and parts of the region have been grossly understudied. The present paper intends to provide a foundation for filling this gap in the Nilgiri scholarship.
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2

KELLY, GWENDOLYN I. O. "Not Isolated, Actively Isolationist: Towards a subaltern history of the Nilgiri hills before British imperialism*." Modern Asian Studies 51, no. 4 (May 3, 2017): 1035–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x16000299.

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AbstractThe Nilgiri hill communities have for a long time been the focus of anthropological inquiry, though they have rarely been the focus of historical inquiry that delves more deeply into the past than the colonial period. And, while the fields of history and anthropology have moved beyond tropes of primitive and timeless, our studies of those formerly so-called ‘timeless primitives’ have remained stuck in time. I argue, therefore, for an interdisciplinary modified Subaltern Studies approach, integrating data from anthropology, archaeology, linguistics, and genetics, to develop alongue duréesocial history of the Nilgiri hills. For the Nilgiri communities, as with other tribal communities, narratives about their past have tended to emphasize their isolation until the modern period. In this article, drawing together data from several disciplines, I argue that the communities of the Nilgiris, especially the Toda, so frequently held up as examples of cultural isolation, were not truly isolated, neither from neighbouring tribal communities, nor from the states and empires of the plains below. I argue that the maintenance of distinctive religious, subsistence, and linguistic practices, despite contact with a wider world, is evidence of an active process of isolationist group formation/maintenance and resistance to other ways of being.
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3

KARTHIK, B., M. MURUGESAN, V. ANUSUBA, M. PREMKUMAR, and R. THARANI. "Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India." Phytotaxa 589, no. 1 (March 21, 2023): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.8.

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Symplocos sisparensis, a new species of Symplocaceae has been collected from Mukurthi National Park in Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR). The new species is morphologically similar to Symplocos foliosa Wight, however it is differing from by its habit, branchlets, leaves, calyx lobes, style and fruit characters. Therefore, the new species is described with detailed description, phenology, distribution (including map) along with photographic plates and illustration to facilitate easy identification of this species in the field.
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4

Sujitha, P. C., G. Prasad, R. Nitin, Dipendra Nath Basu, Krushnamegh Kunte, and Kalesh Sadasivan. "Current distribution of Nilgiri grass yellow Eurema nilgiriensis Yata (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), with an updated taxonomic key to Eurema of Western Ghats, India." ENTOMON 44, no. 1 (April 7, 2019): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v44i1.423.

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Eurema nilgiriensis Yata, 1990, the Nilgiri grass yellow, was described from Nilgiris in southern India. There are not many published records of this species since its original description, and it was presumed to be a high-elevation endemic species restricted to its type locality. Based on the external morphology (wing patterns) as well as the male genitalia, the first confirmed records of the species from Agasthyamalais and Kodagu in the southern Western Ghats, is provided here. This report is a significant range extension for the species outside the Nilgiris, its type locality. Ecological data pertaining to this species as well as the field identification key to all known Eurema of Western Ghats are also presented.
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5

Samson, Arockianathan, Palanisamy Santhoshkumar, Balasundaram Ramakrishnan, Sivaraj Karthick, and Chandrashekaruni Gnaneswar. "New distribution record of Nagarjunasagar Racer Platyceps bholanathi (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae) in Sigur, Nilgiris landscape, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 3 (March 26, 2017): 10014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3175.9.3.10014-10017.

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On 3 September 2016 at 15.30hr, we came across a dead snake on a rock in the Sigur (11.5312700N & 76.7697310E, elevation 945m) a rain-shadow area in the Nilgiris landscape, Tamil Nadu, India. This specimen is confirmed to be Platyceps bholanathi following major key characters with available literature. Our record is important because it not only significantly extends the range from earlier records but it is also the first report of this species from the Nilgiri Landscape. We believe that our present note will encourage further studies on this group.
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6

Jamison, Stephanie W., K. V. Zvelebil, Jaroslav Vachek, and Jan Dvorak. "Nilgiri Areal Studies." Journal of the American Oriental Society 123, no. 2 (April 2003): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3217733.

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7

D.P.H. "The Nilgiri Hills." Indian Forester 148, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.36808/if/2022/v148i8/169600.

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8

Viswanathan, P., and D. Rameshkumar. "Work, Life and Protest of Indico Tea Estate Workers." Research and Review: Human Resource and Labour Management 4, no. 1 (April 25, 2023): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/rrhrlm.2023.v04i01.002.

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Nilgiri tea is a mysterious, extremely pungent, fragrant, and flavoured tea grown in the southern portion of Southern India's Western Ghats. It is grown in the hills of Tamil Nadu's Nilgiri district, but there are numerous other tea-growing districts in South India, such as Munnar and Central Travancore in Kerala. In Nilgiri, many tea estates cultivate tea leaves with their employees. Most of the people in Nilgiri work as employees and workers in tea estates and indico factories. They pick tea daily, and the workers are happy in the estate. This study will determine how satisfied they are. This is a small attempt to know the welfare of the estate employees.
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9

Nag, Chetan. "A new report on mixed species association between Nilgiri Langurs Semnopithecus johnii and Tufted Grey Langurs S. priam (Primates: Cercopithecidae) in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 9 (June 26, 2020): 15975–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5615.12.9.15975-15984.

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Phylogenetic conservatism or rapid anthropogenic habitat modifications could increase the incidences of interspecific associations of Hanuman and Nilgiri langurs (Family: Cercopithecidae, subfamily: Colobinae) in the southern Western Ghats. Opportunistic surveys were conducted at the Silent Valley National Park, Kerala and around Devimalai Ghats, Tamil Nadu for Tufted Grey-Nilgiri Langur association. Based on the observations from Researchers, field assistants, forest staff, and local people, the data in terms of the time of the sighting, number of individuals, phenotypes of individuals, and the time the interaction lasted, were recorded. The study reports data on a troop of Nilgiri Langurs (N=13) around O Valley tea estate at Devimalai Ghat, Gudalur, Tamil Nadu with some hybrid looking individuals and a Tufted female Grey Langur amongst them. A total of six and two uni-male troops of Nilgiri Langurs and grey langurs respectively with Tufted female Grey Langurs, and aberrant coat colored infants observed at the Neelikkal section of Silent Valley National Park are also reported. The study reasonably speculates that there could be more such locations in the southern western ghats and emphasizes the need for more systematic surveys to understand and explore the ecology, behavior, molecular, and other likely factors contributing to the conservation of vulnerable Nilgiri langur (Semnopithecus johnii) populations.
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10

Bharathi, R. Divya, K. Chandran, and D. Suresh Kumar. "Tribal community dependence on Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu." International Journal of Farm Sciences 8, no. 3 (2018): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2250-0499.2018.00094.0.

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11

Verma, Praveen Kumar, Afroz Alam, and K. K. Rawat. "Assessment of liverwort and hornwort flora of Nilgiri Hills, Western Ghats (India)." Polish Botanical Journal 58, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pbj-2013-0038.

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Abstract Bryophytes are an important part of the flora of the Nilgiri Hills of Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot. This paper gives an updated catalogue of the Hepaticae of the Nilgiri Hills. The list includes all available records, based on the authors’ collections and those in LWU and other renowned herbaria. The catalogue of liverworts indicates their substrate and occurrence, and includes several records new for the Nilgiri bryoflora as well as for Western Ghats. The list of Hepaticae contains 29 families, 55 genera and 164 taxa. The list of Anthocerotae comprises 2 families, 3 genera and 5 taxa belonging to almost all life form types.
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12

Alam, Afroz. "Morphotaxonomy of three rare Terricolous taxa of Jungermanniales occurring in Nilgiri hills (Western Ghats) India." International Journal of Environment 3, no. 2 (June 21, 2014): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10640.

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Nilgiri hills being a part of biodiversity hot spot, is a home of colossal life forms including bryophytes. Bryophytes have a great diversity in Nilgiri hills which includes both terricolous and corticolous forms. This study deals with morphotaxonomy of three extremely infrequent terricolous taxa of order Jungermanniales, viz., Gottschelia schizopleura (Spruce) Grolle, Lethocolea javanica (Schiffn.) Grolle and Jackiella javanica var. cordifolia Schiffn, occurring in Nilgiri hills. These taxa were located to a few restricted pockets and facing high risk of habitat loss which need urgent/immediate conservation management. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10640 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 263-275
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13

Anil, G., Navaneeth Kishor, Naseef Gafoor, Naseer Ommer, and P. O. Nameer. "Observations on the Nilgiri Marten Martes gwatkinsii (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mustelidae) from Pampadum Shola National Park, the southern Western Ghats, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 11226. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3446.10.1.11226-11230.

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We present herewith some natural history information such as social behavior, aggressive behavior, vocalization, food and feeing, basking and allo-grooming, time activity pattern etc. on the Nilgiri Marten Martes gwatkinsii, the endemic and threatened mustelid of Western Ghats. The conservation recommendations were also suggested for the long-term conservation of the Nilgiri Marten.
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14

C. Maria Sheeba and K. Sarojini. "Optimal feature selection and detection of sickle cell anemia detection using enhanced whale optimization with clustering based boosted C5.0 algorithm for tribes of Nilgiris." Journal of Current Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (July 13, 2023): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.59796/jcst.v13n2.2023.1737.

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Degradation of red blood cells (RBC) causes many diseases, like sickle cell anemia. Diagnosing this disease takes more time because peripheral blood samples must be examined under the microscope. Since the isolated RBC observation is subjective and high error rate leads to reduce the accuracy, the technology is needed to perform this approach. To fulfil these requirements, optimal feature selection and detection of sickle cell anemia using enhanced whale optimization with clustering based boosted C5.0 algorithm in tribes of Nilgiris is proposed in this manuscript. The input dataset is taken from real data set via non-government organization named NAWA (situated in Kotagiri). The reason behind of Nilgiri region is considered in this work is a collection of sickle cell anemia test results of the tribe people who lives in different areas of Nilgiri region. These images are pre-processed using wavelet packet transform cochlear filter bank method to eradicate the noises and to improve the superiority of image. After that, the features are extracted using force-invariant improved feature extraction method. To select the optimal features, enhanced whale optimization (EWO) algorithm is used. These optimal features are classified utilizing clustering based boosted C5.0 algorithm. The proposed method is activated on PYTHON. The proposed method shows 52.32%, 43.78%, 32.78% and 45.90% higher accuracy compared with the existing methods, such as RGSA-MLP-SCA, CRFA-SVM-SCA, AO-LSTM-SCA and BOA-CNN-SCA.
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15

Alam, Afroz, and S. Srivastava. "Current status of genus Plagiochasma in Nilgiri and Palni hills with SEM details of spores." Indian Journal of Forestry 32, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2009-816q0b.

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Out of 35 species of Plagiochasma described from Asia and Oceania 7 are validly reported from the Indian subcontinent. Six species are known from Nilgiri and Palni hills (South India). Current status of genus Plagiochasma in Nilgiri and Palni hills along with addition of a new species, P. udarii sp. nov., has been described. It also provides the SEM details of sporoderm architecture in species under study area.
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16

Bird, Nurit. "The Kurumbas of the Nilgiris: An Ethnographic Myth?" Modern Asian Studies 21, no. 1 (February 1987): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00008027.

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The paper is divided into three parts. In the first part I discuss ethnographic accounts from the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries which concern the tribal Kurumbas of the Nilgiri Hills in South India. In the second part I present a brief profile of the Naiken, one of the Kurumba sub-groups with whom I conducted anthropological fieldwork between September 1978 and October 1979. The name Naiken is used by the people themselves and their immediate neighbours. In the literature they are often referred to as Jenu Kurumbas. In the final part of the paper, I critically re-examine the literature in the light of my field material and experience. Prior to my work none of the Nilgiri Kurumba groups have been subjected to intensive anthropological studies, although there are references to them, and in particular to their role visà-vis the other Nilgiri tribes in numerous accounts, including such seminal works as The Toda by W. H. R. Rivers (1906) and ‘Culture Change among the Nilgiri Tribes’ by Mandelbaum (1941). I suggest that the much-criticized early accounts by ‘amateur’ travellers, administrators, and planters may be more accurate than has been thought and perhaps even more revealing than the subsequent references up to the present offered by ‘professional’ anthropologists.
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17

M, Lekeshmanaswamy. "STUDIES ON THE PRESENT STATUS OF ENDANGERED NILGIRI TAHR (HEMITRAGUS HYLOCRIUS) IN MUKURTHI NATIONAL PARK, NILGIRIS, TAMILNADU, INDIA." Kongunadu Research Journal 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj19.

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18

Samuel, Vinod O., Daniel E. Harlov, Sanghoon Kwon, and K. Sajeev. "Silicate, Oxide and Sulphide Trends in Neo-Archean Rocks from the Nilgiri Block, Southern India: the Role of Fluids During High-grade Metamorphism." Journal of Petrology 60, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 1027–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egz023.

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Abstract The Nilgiri Block, southern India represents an exhumed section of lower, late Archean (2500 Ma) crust. The northern highlands of the Nilgiri Block are characterized by metagabbros with pyroxenite inlayers. A two-pyroxene granulite zone acts as a transition between the metagabbros and charnockites, which are exposed in the central and southern part of the Nilgiri highlands. Thermobarometry results indicate a SW–NE regional trend both in temperature (∼650–800°C) and in pressure (700–1100 MPa) over the Nilgiri highlands. In the charnockites, composite rutile–ilmenite grains are the dominant oxide assemblage. In the two-pyroxene granulites, hemo-ilmenite–magnetite is dominant with coexisting rutile–ilmenite composite grains in a few samples in the vicinity of the boundary with the charnockites. In the metagabbros, hemo-ilmenite–magnetite is the dominant oxide assemblage. The principal sulphide mineral in the charnockite is pyrrhotite with minor pyrite–chalcopyrite exsolution lamellae or blebs. In the two-pyroxene granulites and the metagabbros, the principal sulphide assemblage consists of discrete pyrite grains with magnetite rims and pyrite–pyrrhotite–chalcocopyrite associations. From these observations, a specific oxidation trend is seen. The northern granulite-facies metagabbros and two-pyroxene granulites of the Nilgiri highlands are highly oxidized compared with the charnockites from the central and southern regions. This higher oxidation state is proposed to be the result of highly oxidizing agents (probably as SO3) in low H2O activity grain boundary NaCl saline fluids with a dissolved CaSO4 component present during granulite-facies metamorphism of the metagabbros and two-pyroxene granulites. Eventually these agents became more reducing, owing to the inherent buffering of the original tonalite–granodiorite granitoids at the graphite–CO2 buffer, such that S took the form of H2S during the granulite-facies metamorphism of the charnockites. At the same time, these saline fluids were also responsible the solid-state conversion of biotite and amphibole to orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in the metagabbro, two-pyroxene granulite, and charnockite.
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19

Hopeland, Ponniah, Jean-Philippe Puyravaud, and Priya Davidar. "The Nilgiri Tahr (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Bovidae: Nilgiritragus hylocrius Ogilby, 1838) in the Agastyamalai range, Western Ghats, India: population status and threats." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 6 (June 26, 2016): 8877. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2542.8.6.8877-8882.

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The Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius Ogilby, 1838) has not been comprehensively surveyed in the southern Western Ghats, India. Here we present results of a survey conducted in 2012 and 2013 in 25 sites where Nilgiri Tahr was reported in Agastyamalai range south of the Shencottah gap. The objectives of the survey were to assess population status; evaluate threats and propose conservation measures. In each site the geographical coordinates were noted. If Nilgiri Tahr (=Tahr) were sighted, the number and herd structure were recorded. Indirect signs of Tahr presence such as faecal pellets and feedback from local informants were noted in sites with no direct sightings of Tahr. The total sightings were 247 Tahr in 10 sites, and indication of Tahr presence in seven sites. Only two populations viz. Kalamalai-Varraiattumudi and Muthukulivayal-Balamore were large (>30 individuals). Tahr were not present in eight sites: of which four had earlier records of Tahr presence, and the other four had no prior data. There was a significant positive association between percentage of young (kids and yearlings) and number of Tahr sighted. Illegal hunting was widespread in the past, and continues to be a serious threat. Loss of Tahr grazing habitat to successional processes resulting in increased tree cover, is a long term threat that could increase with climate change. A landscape level management plan to reconnect small populations, rehabilitate Tahr in sites where they have disappeared, use fire to restore short grass habitats, and stringent curb on illegal hunting is required for the long term viability of the Nilgiri Tahr in this region.
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20

Zvelebil, Kamil V., Paul Hockings, and Christiane Pilot-Raichoor. "Another Nilgiri Language Treated in Depth." Journal of the American Oriental Society 117, no. 1 (January 1997): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/605628.

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21

Rajan, S., M. Sethuraman, and Pulok K. Mukherjee. "Ethnobiology of the Nilgiri Hills, India." Phytotherapy Research 16, no. 2 (2002): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1098.

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22

Roy, Debahutee. "GROUP-SIZE AND AGE-SEX COMPOSITION OF NILGIRI LANGUR Trachypithecus johnii (PRIMATES: CERCOPITHECIDAE) IN INDIA." Taprobanica 4, no. 2 (November 14, 2012): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v4i2.74.

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Group size and group composition of Nilgiri langur (Trachypithecus johnii) was studied in two habitats of Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, Kerala, India. Group size and age-sex composition data was collected during scan sampling, 18 monitoring transect lines, road-strip count, and direct encounter of the groups. Mean group size value significantly differ between moist deciduous forest and evergreen forest. Group size was varied from 2 to 22. The maximum group size, 22 was recorded in evergreen forest habitat. The mean group size of Nilgiri langur is less in moist deciduous forest and higher in evergreen forest.
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23

Ramakrishnan, Padma, and Kannan Rangiah. "A UHPLC-MS/SRM method for analysis of phenolics from Camellia sinensis leaves from Nilgiri hills." Analytical Methods 8, no. 45 (2016): 8033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay02329k.

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24

J Newport, Keny. "Nilgiri Marten - On the Brink of Extinction." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 7, no. 2 (2022): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000226.

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25

Erinjery, Joseph J., Honnavalli N. Kumara, T. S. Kavana, and Mewa Singh. "Are interspecific associations of primates in the Western Ghats a matter of chance? A case study of the lion-tailed macaque." Journal of Tropical Ecology 32, no. 1 (October 7, 2015): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467415000528.

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Abstract:When animals or groups of animals in their wild habitats come close to each other within a defined distance, it is termed as an association. Observing two groups of the lion-tailed macaque at Nelliyampathy and Andiparai forests of the Western Ghats of India, we asked whether the lion-tailed macaque associations with the sympatric Nilgiri langur and bonnet macaque were by chance or had any biological significance. Employing ‘all occurrences’ sampling, we recorded an association if a group of another primate species came within 30 m of the focal group of the lion-tailed macaque. Date, time, associating species, activity of the study species and of the associating species, type of interaction, aggressor and the recipient, species displaced and duration of the association were recorded. We used the Waser gas model to calculate the expected frequency and duration of associations and compared them with the observed associations. The lion-tailed macaque spent less time in associations than expected. The lion-tailed macaque and the Nilgiri langur initiated associations less often, and remained in association for less time, than expected by chance. Whereas the expected and observed initiation of associations between the lion-tailed macaque and the Nilgiri langur in Nelliyampathy was significantly different (expected rate = 153; observed rate = 64), in Andiparai, it was not (expected rate = 55.5; observed rate = 61). The expected and observed association duration was significantly different in Nelliyampathy (expected duration = 54 min; observed duration = 15 min) and Andiparai (expected duration = 48 min; observed duration = 19 min). In contrast, we detected few differences between observed and expected association frequency for the lion-tailed macaque and the bonnet macaque. Aggressive interactions were common in areas where density of the Nilgiri langur groups was high. This is the first study on Asian primates using the ideal gas approach to show that primates do not form active associations with each other.
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Ramachandran, V. S., A. Joney John, T. Baluprakash, and C. Udhayavani. "Piper zeylanicum Miq. (Piperaceae) - Endemic Species New Record for India." International Letters of Natural Sciences 26 (September 2014): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.26.32.

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Ramachandran, V. S., A. Joney John, T. Baluprakash, and C. Udhayavani. "<i>Piper zeylanicum</i> Miq. (Piperaceae) - Endemic Species New Record for India." International Letters of Natural Sciences 26 (September 29, 2014): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-8c5zi0.

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28

Murty, Krishna, and H. M. Maralusiddaiah. "Tribal Situation in The Nilgiri Biosphere Area." International Journal of Sociology, Social Anthropology and Social Policy 1, no. 2 (2015): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2454-4833.2015.00019.4.

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29

Hebbar, Ritambhara. "Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve: Reflections from the Field." Sociological Bulletin 67, no. 3 (September 26, 2018): 302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022918796941.

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Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) was established in 1986 and since then various environmental projects have been introduced in the region, across the three southern states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Local tribal communities have been protesting against these projects, both for its vision and politics that disregard their traditional association with forests. The article substantiates on both these protestations. There have been significant shifts in the governance of forest areas following the establishment of the NBR. Environmental projects have initiated host of actors and interest groups who, along with state departments, play a critical role in the management of forest resources. The focus would be on enunciating the ensuing politics and its implications on the lives of local tribal communities.
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30

Hohmann, G. "Group fission in Nilgiri langurs (Presbytis johnii)." International Journal of Primatology 10, no. 5 (October 1989): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02736370.

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31

Venkitachalam, R., and S. Senthilnathan. "Status and population of vultures in Moyar Valley, southern India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 1 (January 26, 2016): 8358. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2522.8.1.8358-8364.

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<p>Four species of vultures were surveyed using road transects in two parts of the Moyar Valley, three of these are Critically Endangered by IUCN criteria and one is Endangered. The vulture study was done for the first time in Nilgiri North Forest Division and Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve of Moyar Valley to determine the flock size in the three species of vultures and also to get a rough estimation of vultures. The results show higher flock size and higher densities in Nilgiri North Forest Division than in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve and the most numerous of these was the White-rumped Vulture. There is also evidence of seasonal movements in Nilgiri North Forest Division. These data represent the first systematic survey results from the area and demonstrate the significance of the Moyar Valley for all four Endangered vulture species, probably the main stronghold remaining in southern India. They are White-rumped Vulture <em>Gyps bengalensis</em>, Indian Vulture <em>Gyps indicus</em>, Red-headed Vulture <em>Sarcogyps calvus</em> and Egyptian Vulture <em>Neophron percnopterus</em>. The study recommends that immediate long-term conservation efforts should be taken to save the Critically Endangered vultures in the Moyar Valley.</p><div> </div>
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32

Kamath, Vignesh, and Kadaba Shamanna Seshadri. "Observations of Brown Mongoose Herpestes fuscus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Herpestidae) in the wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 12 (September 26, 2019): 14587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5143.11.12.14587-14592.

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Brown Mongoose Herpestes fuscus is crepuscular in habit and rarely encountered. Information on its natural history and ecology is limited and consequently its conservation requirements are not well understood. We report observations of a Brown Mongoose feeding on a Nilgiri Langur Semnopithecus johnii carcass in the Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, southern India. A camera trap was deployed over the Nilgiri Langur carcass over 10 nights during which, the mongoose visited the carcass on eight nights. Based on the images captured, the mongoose behaviour was broadly categorized as vigilance, feeding, walking and grooming. The mongoose was most active between 03.30–06.00 h and 19.00–00.00 h. Additionally, we report observations of a pair of Brown Mongoose foraging, and an incident of road mortality. These observations will add to the limited current understanding of the species, necessary for assessing its conservation status and identifying interventions.
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33

KULANDAIVELU, E., and M. V. GUHAN. "RECORD RAINFALL OVER KETTY VALLEY, NILGIRI, TAMIL NADU." MAUSAM 63, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v63i1.1468.

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34

Chhabra, Tarun. "Coelogyne mossiae Rolfe in the upper Nilgiri Plateau." Zoos' Print Journal 16, no. 1 (December 21, 2000): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.16.1.409.

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35

Mohan, Mahesh, M. S. Shylesh Chandra ., and E. V. Ramasamy . "Vulnerable Earthworm Species Identified from Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve." International Journal of Zoological Research 7, no. 6 (October 15, 2011): 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijzr.2011.410.413.

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36

Bleyer, Martina, Tina Risch, Christian Roos, Franz-Josef Kaup, and Kerstin Mätz-Rensing. "TAENIA CRASSICEPSCYSTICERCOSIS IN A NILGIRI LANGUR (SEMNOPITHECUS JOHNII)." Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 49, no. 2 (June 2018): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1638/2017-0156.1.

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37

Kumar, Kaushal, N. Balakrishnan, and Abhay Kumar Sharma. "Studies on the Vertical Distribution of Ticks of Domestic Animals and Their Public Health Importance in Nilgiri Hills and Adjoining Areas of Tamil Nadu State (India)." International Journal of Zoology 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/359812.

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The Nilgiri hills and adjoining downhill areas provide favourable ecological conditions for the propagation of haematophagous arthropods owing to richness in vegetation and animal activities. A study has been undertaken during 2008–2010 on the distribution and abundance of ticks of domestic animals in seven different biotopes. A total of 3,008 domestic animals were examined in areas ranging from an altitude of 300 to 2200 meters above mean sea level (MSL) of which 1,335 (44.5%) animals were having tick infestation. A total of 6,012 adult and immature ticks belonging to 12 species (11 ixodid and one argasid) were collected. Eleven tick species were collected from Kallar area situated downhill eastern slopes of the Nilgiris followed by Burliar area (7 species) located at higher altitudes. From Masinagudi area near to dense forests and scrub jungles, five species were recorded. However, at higher elevations on the hills, Udhagamandalam area, only one species was recorded. Among various tick species recorded in the study,Boophilus micropluswas distributed in almost all areas surveyed followed byHaemaphysalis spinigeraandRhipicephalus sanguineus. The factors governing their distribution and epidemiological significance in the transmission of various tick-borne diseases of public health importance are discussed.
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38

Kabeer, K. Althaf, and V. Nair. "Poa stapfiana Bor (Poaceae) - A Himalayan Orophyte discovered from Nilgiri mountains of Tamil Nadu." Indian Journal of Forestry 30, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2007-vdysvz.

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The present study reports Poa stapfiana Bor, a grass species known earlier only from the Himalayas, from Nilgiri mountains of Tamil Nadu. A detailed taxonomic account of the species along with an illustration containing habit and analytical sketches of floral and other relevant parts is given.
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39

Abdul Rahaman, S., and R. Venkatesh. "APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE FOR MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN THE NILGIRI BIOSPHERE RESERVE AND ITS ECOSYSTEM OF WESTERN GHATS, INDIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 933–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-933-2020.

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Abstract. Biosphere Reserves are archetypal parts of natural and cultural landscapes encompassing over large area of different ecosystem, it represents bio-geographic zones of an region. Globally, the areas of biosphere reserve is shrinking and exploiting due to the extreme climatic condition, natural calamities and anthropogenic activities, which leads to environmental and land degradation. In this paper Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBSR) area has been selected and it represents a biodiversity-rich ecosystem in the Western Ghats and includes two of the ten biogeographical provinces of India. Amongst the most insubstantial ecosystems in the world, the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is bearing the substance of climate change evident in increasingly unpredictable rainfall and higher temperatures during recent years. The region was mostly unscathed till two centuries ago, but has witnessed large-scale destruction ever since. In this scenario, a need of application of remote sensing and advance machine learning techniques to monitor environmental degradation and its ecosystem in NBSR is more essential. The objective of the present study is to develop satellite image classification techniques that can reliably to map forest cover and land use, and provide the basis for long-term monitoring. Advanced image classification techniques on the cloud-based platform Google Earth Engine (GEE) for mapping vegetation and land use types, and analyse their spatial distributions. To restore degraded ecosystems to their natural conditions through proper management and conservation practices. In order to understand the nature of environmental degradation and its ecosystem in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve; following thematic criteria’s were grouped in to four major indicators such as Terrain Indicator (TI), Environmental Indicator (EI), Hydro-Meteorological Indicator (HMI) and Socio-Economic Indicator (SEI). The utilisation of remote sensing product of huge datasets and various data product in analysis and advanced machine learning algorithm through Google earth engine are indispensable. After extraction of all the thematic layers by using multi criteria decision and fuzzy linear member based weight and ranks were assigned and overlay in GIS environment at a common pixel size of 30 m. Based on the analysis the resultant layer has been classified into five environmental degraded classes i.e., very high, high, moderate, slight and no degradation. This study is help to identify the degradation and long term monitoring and suggest the appropriate conservation, management and policies, it is a time to implement and protect the Nilgiri biosphere reserves without hindering present stage of natural environment in a sustainable manner.
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40

Jayasimhan, Praveenraj, Moulitharan Nallathambi, and M. P. Goutham-Bharathi. "First report of the catfish Nilgiri Mystus Hemibagrus punctatus (Jerdon, 1849) (Bagridae) from Stanley Reservoir, Tamil Nadu, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 1 (January 26, 2019): 13175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4199.11.1.13175-13179.

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The Nilgiri Mystus Hemibagrus punctatus (Jerdon, 1849), a Critically Endangered catfish endemic to the Western Ghats of India, is recorded for the first time from Stanley Reservoir in Tamil Nadu, India. An account of the morphometrics of this species, along with notes on its habitat and threats, is provided.
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41

Arumugam, Senniappan. "Diospyros saldanhae (Ebenaceae): Addition to the flora of Tamil Nadu, India." Indian Journal of Forestry 45, no. 3 (March 10, 2023): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2023-866x22.

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Diospyros saldanhae Kosterm. (Ebenaceae), an endemic species to Western Ghats is being reported here for the first time in the state of Tamil Nadu from Anamalais and Nilgiri hills. A detailed description, and herbarium images of the species are provided to facilitate easy field identification and further research.
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42

Verma, Praveen, and S. Srivastava. "Lejeunea tuberculosa Steph. (Hepaticae) from Nilgiri hills, Western Ghats." Indian Journal of Forestry 34, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 477–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2011-46912s.

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Lejeunea tuberculosa Steph. (Lejeuneaceae) has been recorded for the first time from peninsular India (Devala, Nilgiri hills). The species was earlier reported from Western as well as Eastern Himalayas. The species is easily separable from other 22 known Indian species of the genus in their perianth morphology which is ornamented by mammillose cells (tubercules) on the keel.
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43

Jayaprakash, Subha Babu, and Sabu K. Thomas. "Species composition of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in the coffee plantation of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve of the Western Ghats, India." ENTOMON 47, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v47i1.680.

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Analysis of species composition of dung beetles in the shaded coffee plantations of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve of south Western Ghats revealed a checklist of 38 species. The presence of many endemic species, very primitive rare old world tribe Canthonini represented by the genus Ochicanthon, the first report of Onthophagus lilliputanus and the presence of two (O. truncaticornis and O. discedens) which were deemed as extinct from the natural forests of the Western Ghats) make the dung beetle assemblage in the coffee plantation unusual. Onthophagus lilliputanus and the presence of two species (O. truncaticornis and O. discedens). The study showed species composition of dung beetles in the shaded coffee plantation with a comparatively smaller area had no major differences with the nearby natural forests in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Higher species richness and presence of some unique species in the coffee plantation belt compared to other agricultural habitats highlights the significance of shaded coffee plantations as an important nested habitat in the forest-agriculture land matrix of the moist Western Ghats.
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44

Zvelebil, Kamil V. "The Language of the Shōlegas, Nilgiri Area, South India." Journal of the American Oriental Society 110, no. 3 (July 1990): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603185.

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45

Zvelebil, K. V., and Paul Hockings. "Blue Mountains Revisited: Cultural Studies on the Nilgiri Hills." Journal of the American Oriental Society 120, no. 1 (January 2000): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/604911.

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46

Rice, Clifford G. "Reproductive biology of Nilgiri tahr,Hemitragus hylocrius(Mammalia: Bovidae)." Journal of Zoology 214, no. 2 (February 1988): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1988.tb04721.x.

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47

Rice, Clifford G. "Agonistic and Sexual Behavior of Nilgiri Tahr (Hemitragus hylocrius)." Ethology 78, no. 2 (April 26, 2010): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1988.tb00222.x.

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48

Remya, Jayasree, and M. P. Geethakumary. "Hymenachne panduranganii sp. nov. from Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India." Nordic Journal of Botany 35, no. 2 (July 8, 2016): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/njb.01180.

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49

Karki, Indu, Pratibha Joshi, Devinder Dhingra, and Shenoy Sandhya. "Physiological Assessment of Nilgiri Women Involved in Economic Activities." Journal of Human Ecology 38, no. 1 (April 2012): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2012.11906473.

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50

Shylesh Chandran, M. S., S. Sujatha, Mahesh Mohan, J. M. Julka, and E. V. Ramasamy. "Earthworm diversity at Nilgiri biosphere reserve, Western Ghats, India." Biodiversity and Conservation 21, no. 13 (September 4, 2012): 3343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0365-4.

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