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Gill, K. S., E. L. Lubbers, B. S. Gill, W. J. Raupp, and T. S. Cox. "A genetic linkage map of Triticum tauschii (DD) and its relationship to the D genome of bread wheat (AABBDD)." Genome 34, no. 3 (June 1, 1991): 362–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-058.
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One hundred and seventy-eight loci have been mapped in Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. (2n = 14, DD) and Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. (2n = 42, AABBDD). Thirty-five loci were mapped by aneuploid analysis in T. aestivum. One hundred and fifty-two loci, including 143 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), 8 proteins, and 1 leaf rust resistance gene, were mapped in an F2 population (60 plants) of T. tauschii. One hundred and twenty-seven loci were placed in linkage groups belonging to seven D-genome chromosomes of T. tauschii. The source of the probes was a PstI genomic library of T. tauschii, which gave 13% single-low copy clones. Four restriction endonucleases (DraI, EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII) gave 75% polymorphism between the two parents. Nineteen clones detected multiloci ranging from two to nine in number. Deletions–insertions and point mutations were equally important for generating RFLPs. A hypervariable sequence was identified, which may have potential use in varietal fingerprinting. One marker was found to be linked to a rust-resistance gene. The map will be useful for determining genetic relationships in the Triticeae and for tagging genes of economic importance.Key words: restriction fragment length polymorphism, Triticum aestivum, leaf rust, isozymes, Aegilops squarrosa.
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Vanniasegaram, Sithparran. "Le Her with s Suits and d Denominations." Journal of Applied Probability 43, no. 01 (March 2006): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200001327.
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In 2002, Benjamin and Goldman gave a complete solution to a variant of the two-player card game Le Her. We extend their result by giving optimal strategies for the authentic version played with a deck consisting of arbitrary numbers of suits and denominations. Additionally, we show that the player who has the advantage in the game when one standard deck is used does not have the advantage if nineteen or more standard decks are used.
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Vanniasegaram, Sithparran. "Le Her with s Suits and d Denominations." Journal of Applied Probability 43, no. 1 (March 2006): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1143936239.
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In 2002, Benjamin and Goldman gave a complete solution to a variant of the two-player card game Le Her. We extend their result by giving optimal strategies for the authentic version played with a deck consisting of arbitrary numbers of suits and denominations. Additionally, we show that the player who has the advantage in the game when one standard deck is used does not have the advantage if nineteen or more standard decks are used.
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Chang, Sue-Joan, Li-Ju Hsiao, Yi-Chun Lee, and Shou-Ying Hsuen. "Vitamin B6 status assessment in relation to dietary intake in high school students aged 16–18 years." British Journal of Nutrition 97, no. 4 (March 9, 2007): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507665167.
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The vitamin B6 status of high school students and its relationship with dietary intake were investigated in this cross-sectional study by face-to-face interview. A total of 157 healthy students aged 16–18 years (eighty-three boys and seventy-four girls) were randomly recruited from two out of nineteen senior high schools in Tainan, Taiwan. Vitamin B6 intakes were calculated from three 24-h dietary records. Direct and indirect vitamin B6 status indicators were measured in plasma, erythrocytes and urine. The anthropometric data, being similar to those of the first Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (1993–1996), showed the normal growth and development of these students. All students except one girl (28·7 nmol/l) had plasma pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) levels >35 nmol/l, indicating an adequate vitamin B6 status. The mean dietary vitamin B6 intakes of boys and girls were 1·04 (sd 0·29) and 0·96 (sd 0·27) mg/d, respectively. Vitamin B6 status indicators, including plasma PLP, erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activity coefficient (EALT-AC), aspartate aminotransferase activity coefficient (EAST-AC) and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA), were correlated with vitamin B6 intake. Students with adequate values of plasma PLP (>35 nmol/l), EALT-AC ( < 1·25), EAST-AC ( < 1·8) and urinary 4-PA (>3·0 μmol/d) had median intakes of 1·08 and 1·01 mg/d, respectively, for boys and girls. This study suggests that vitamin B6 requirements for boys and girls aged 16–18 years were approximately 1·1 and 1·0 mg/d, respectively.
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Szopik-Depczyńska, Katarzyna. "THE OBJECTIVES, EFFECTS AND BARRIERS OF USER-DRIVEN INNOVATION IMPLEMENTATION IN R&D DEPARTMENTS OF SMES." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 20, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0322.
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One of the newest concepts of creating innovations is “user ‒ driven innovation” (UDI) – a concept that is based on “lead user” concept by E. von Hippel. The paper introduces the results of research carried out in nineteen R&D departments in Poland functioning within companies belonging to SMEs sector. The main purpose of the research was to find the basic goals of implementing UDI to R&D departments, as well as effects and barriers of those actions. The findings may be interesting to both scientific audience, as well as companies’ management who is concentrated to develop innovations that are based in R&D.
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Hartwell, Dorthe, Christian Hassager, Kirsten Overgaard, Bente Juel Riis, Jan Pødenphant, and Claus Christiansen. "Vitamin D metabolism in osteoporotic women during treatment with estrogen, an anabolic steroid, or calcitonin." Acta Endocrinologica 122, no. 6 (June 1990): 715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1220715.
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Abstract. We assessed the effects of a continuous oral combination of estradiol and norethisterone acetate, nandrolone decanoate, or salmon calcitonin on the vitamin D endocrine system. One hundred and nineteen postmenopausal women, aged 55-75 years, with at least one osteoporotic fracture, were randomly allocated to one year of treatment with estradiol and norethisterone acetate, nandrolone decanoate, or calcitonin, all drugs with a beneficial effect on bone. All three trials were double-blind and placebo-controlled; 104 women (87%) completed the study. We measured the total serum concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and vitamin D-binding protein, and estimated the free 1,25(OH)2D index and the "24-hydroxylase activity" initially, and at 6 and 12 months. Furthermore, the 24-h urinary excretions of calcium, phosphate, and adenosine 3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate were assessed initially and at 12 months. The serum concentration of vitamin D-binding protein and 1,25(OH)2D increased transiently during estradiol and norethisterone acetate treatment and vitamin D-binding protein decreased transiently during nandrolone decanoate treatment. None of the other parameters were significantly affected by any of the three treatments. The risk of type II errors was below 10 per cent for all vitamin D measurements. We conclude that the vitamin D metabolites are unlikely to be of major importance for the mechanism by which these drugs exert their positive skeletal effects.
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Zhao, Yun L., Xin Y. Wang, Li X. Sun, Rong H. Fan, Kai S. Bi, and Zhi G. Yu. "Cytotoxic Constituents of Viscum coloratum." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 67, no. 3-4 (April 1, 2012): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2012-3-404.
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4Phytochemical studies on Viscum coloratum have resulted in the isolation of nineteen compounds. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. Pachypodol () and ombuine (6) were characterized in the family Loranthaceae for the first time. 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-heptadien-3-one (8) and 5-hydroxy-3,7,3’-trimethoxyfl avone-4’-O-β-D-glucoside (13) were two new natural compounds, which exhibited cytotoxic activities against four human tumour cell lines (HeLa, SGC-7901, MCF-7, and U251)
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Rangelov, Natalie, L. Suzanne Suggs, and Pedro Marques-Vidal. "I did eat my vegetables. Agreement between parent and child food intake diaries." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 17 (July 5, 2016): 3106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016001488.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the level of agreement between children and their parents when reporting a child’s food consumption.DesignCross-sectional study in which children and parents independently completed 7 d food diaries describing the foods and drinks the child consumed at every meal and snack. The association between child and parent reporting was assessed for nineteen food groups using Kendall’s tau-b non-parametric correlations, Spearman’s rank correlations, kappa coefficients and Lin’s concordance measure of agreement. Results were also stratified by gender of the child and his/her grade at school.SettingHouseholds in Ticino, Switzerland, April–June 2014.SubjectsTwo hundred and ninety-nine children aged 6–12 years and one of their parents participated, with 264 providing complete data (35 % completion rate).ResultsResults showed a high level of agreement between child and parent reporting. Spearman correlations ranged from 0·55 (sauces) and 0·57 (fatty meat) to 0·80 (fruit), 0·83 (starchy foods) and 0·84 (pastries). All nineteen Spearman correlations were significant at the 0·001 level. Kendall’s tau-b correlations ranged from 0·44 (fat meat) to 0·81 (puff pastry). Kappa values showed low to high levels of agreement, ranging from 0·15 (sweets) to 0·77 (puff pastry). Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients ranged from 0·39 (whole grains) to 0·86 (puff pastry).ConclusionsWhen assessing the eating behaviour of children using a 7 d food diary, children’s reports might be as reliable as their parents’.
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Pawar, Manohar. "Askari Rashid, Nineteen Seventy One: Short Stories." International Journal of Community and Social Development 1, no. 4 (December 2019): 357–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516602619889245.
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Mbegbu, Edmund C., Ikechukwu R. Obidike, and Ali A. Fouladi-Nashta. "Immunohistochemical Detection of Vasa Antigen and Apoptosis-Related DNA Fragmentation in Ovaries of Sheep Fetuses Prenatally Exposed to Vitamin D Deficiency." Acta Veterinaria 69, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 262–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2019-0022.
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Abstract The primordial germ cells (PGCs) in female animals are comprised of diplotene oocytes arrested in the first meiotic prophase. Expression of Vasa is one of the key factors required for subsequent resumption of development and recruitment of PGCs into the growing follicle class. Since vitamin D regulates recruitment of PGCs and developmental competence of ovarian follicles, this study was designed to investigate the expression of Vasa and rate of apoptosis in foetal ovaries prenatally restricted from dietary vitamin D. Nineteen sexually mature Welsh mountain ewes were randomly assigned to vitamin D deficient (VDD) and vitamin D control (VDC) diets from 17d before mating, up to 125d of gestation, when fetal ovaries were collected and fixed in formalin for immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay. VDD ovaries had fewer healthy oocytes that could stain positive for Vasa as well as a lower integrated density value for DAB staining intensity. Conversely, TUNNEL staining in VDD animals showed a higher integrated density value and percentage of affected area (P<0.05). The present findings indicate that Vasa expression is decreased, while the rate of apoptosis increased in VDD fetal ovaries, and this may adversely affect resumption of growth and development of PGCs reserve.
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Hone, Liana S. E., John E. Scofield, Bruce D. Bartholow, and David C. Geary. "Frequency of Recent Binge Drinking Is Associated With Sex-Specific Cognitive Deficits: Evidence for Condition-Dependent Trait Expression in Humans." Evolutionary Psychology 18, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 147470492095444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704920954445.
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Evolutionary theory suggests that commonly found sex differences are largest in healthy populations and smaller in populations that have been exposed to stressors. We tested this idea in the context of men’s typical advantage (vs. women) in visuospatial abilities (e.g., mental rotation) and women’s typical advantage (vs. men) in social-cognitive (e.g., facial-expression decoding) abilities, as related to frequent binge drinking. Four hundred nineteen undergraduates classified as frequent or infrequent binge drinkers were assessed in these domains. Trial-level multilevel models were used to test a priori Sex × Group (binge drinking) interactions for visuospatial and social-cognitive tasks. Among infrequent binge drinkers, men’s typical advantage in visuospatial abilities and women’s typical advantage in social-cognitive abilities was confirmed. Among frequent binge drinkers, men’s advantage was reduced for one visuospatial task (Δ d = 0.29) and eliminated for another (Δ d = 0.75), and women’s advantage on the social-cognitive task was eliminated (Δ d = 0.12). Males who frequently engaged in extreme binges had exaggerated deficits on one of the visuospatial tasks, as did their female counterparts on the social-cognitive task. The results suggest sex-specific vulnerabilities associated with recent, frequent binge drinking, and support an evolutionary approach to the study of these vulnerabilities.
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Meeks, Lisa M., Nichole Taylor, Ben Case, Erene Stergiopoulos, Philip Zazove, Lisa Graves, Michael McKee, et al. "The Unexamined Diversity: Disability Policies and Practices in US Graduate Medical Education Programs." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-19-00940.1.
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ABSTRACT Background Graduate medical education (GME) institutions must ensure equal access for trainees with disabilities through appropriate and reasonable accommodations and policies. To date, no comprehensive review of the availability and inclusiveness of GME policies for residents with disabilities exists. Objective We examined institutions' compliance with Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirements and alignment with Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) policy considerations. Methods Between June and August 2019, we conducted a directed content analysis of GME institutional policies using the AAMC report on disability considerations and the ACGME institutional requirements as a framework. Results Of the 47 GME handbooks available for review, 32 (68%) included a disability policy. Forty-one of the 47 (87%) handbooks maintained a nondiscrimination statement that included disability. Twelve of the 32 (38%) handbooks included a specific disability policy and language that encouraged disclosure, and 17 (53%) included a statement about the confidential documentation used to determine reasonable accommodations. Nineteen of the 32 (59%) maintained a clear procedure for disclosing disabilities and requesting accommodations. Conclusions While disability policies are present in many of the largest GME institutions, it is not yet a standardized practice. For institutions maintaining a disability policy, many lack key elements identified as best practices in the AAMC considerations.
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Agamy, Emad Mohamed Tolba Mahmoud, and Wilhelm Niedermeier. "Indirect Sinus Floor Elevation for Osseointegrated Prostheses. A 10-Year Prospective Study." Journal of Oral Implantology 36, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00085.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the indirect/closed maxillary floor elevation technique for the insertion of osseointegrated implants to support fixed prostheses clinically. Thirty-one patients (19 female, 12 male) with a mean age of 62 ± 9 years were selected for this study. All patients needed implants in the posterior maxillary region to support osseointegrated prosthesis. Forty-seven implants were inserted using the indirect/closed sinus floor elevation method, and another 31 implants were placed in the same individuals as intra-individual control. No augmentation material was used along with implantation. The mean bone height before sinus lift was 9.78 ± 1.68 mm (minimum 5.6 mm), and for controls it was 15.62 ± 3.44 mm. The average length of the implants used was 12.00 ± 1.70 mm, whereas for controls it was 13.39 ± 1.60 mm. The patients were recalled for periodic checkups every 6 months, and the radiographic controls were made every 12 months. One control fixture failed after uncovering; 77 implants were loaded, and 5 of them failed (2 controls and 3 of the sinus lift group) between 3 and 59 months following loading. One hundred nineteen months after surgery (112 months following loading), the censored survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) was 93.6% for sinus lift implants and 90.3% for controls. The crestal bone level changes were not significant either before loading or after loading for both sinus lift and control implants. None of the remaining implants showed any signs of mobility or peri-implant disease, and none of the patients exhibited sinus problems during the entire observation period.
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Khorsand, A., S. Graf, G. Dobrozemsky, S. Oezer, K. Kletter, R. Dudczak, C. Pirich, and M. Beheshti. "FDG gamma camera PET equipped with one inch crystal and XCT." Nuklearmedizin 45, no. 04 (2006): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1625114.
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SummaryMetabolic imaging with 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) is actually considered as the best method to detect and quantitatively assess myocardial tissue viability. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of FDG gamma camera positron emission tomography (GCPET) imaging equipped with one inch NaI crystals in comparison to FDG dedicated PET (dPET) imaging as a „gold standard“ in phantom and clinical studies. Patients, methods: Nineteen patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent both imaging modalities. Phantom and clinical GCPET imaging were performed with a dual-headed, coincidence based gamma camera equipped with 1 inch thick NaI crystals and an x-ray tube (XCT) for attenuation correction (AC), as well as with a dedicated PET scanner with AC. 99mTc tetrofosmin single-photon emission tomography (SPET) studies were performed for assessment of myocardial perfusion, with AC. Results: Phantom studies showed a significant relation in segmental activity between FDG imaging with AC using GCPET and dPET (r = 0.91, p <0.001). In clinical studies with AC correlation coefficients of mean segmental FDG uptake and regional defect size were r = 0.87 (p <0.0001) and r = 0.83 (p <0.0001), respectively. In regional analysis close agreement was even found in the most attenuated regions of the heart if AC was used in GCPET imaging. The overall agreement for detection of viable myocardium was 81% between FDG-dPET (AC) and FDG-GCPET (AC) and 74% between FDG-dPET (AC) and FDG-GCPET (NC). Conclusion: This study suggests that the assessment of myocardial metabolism by means of FDG is feasible with a coincidence based gamma camera equipped with 1 inch thick NaI crystals if AC is performed. The results reveal a close concordance and agreement between FDG-dPET (AC) and FDG-GCPET (AC) as compared to FDG-GCPET (NC).
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Booth, Alison O., Catherine E. Huggins, Naiyana Wattanapenpaiboon, and Caryl A. Nowson. "Effect of increasing dietary calcium through supplements and dairy food on body weight and body composition: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 7 (August 3, 2015): 1013–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515001518.
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This meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials assessed the effect of Ca on body weight and body composition through supplementation or increasing dairy food intake. Forty-one studies met the inclusion criteria (including fifty-one trial arms; thirty-one with dairy foods (n 2091), twenty with Ca supplements (n 2711). Ca intake was approximately 900 mg/d higher in the supplement groups compared with control. In the dairy group, Ca intake was approximately 1300 mg/d. Ca supplementation did not significantly affect body weight (mean change ( − 0·17, 95 % CI − 0·70, 0·37) kg) or body fat (mean change ( − 0·19, 95 % CI − 0·51, 0·13) kg) compared to control. Similarly, increased dairy food intake did not affect body weight ( − 0·06, 95 % CI − 0·54, 0·43) kg or body fat change ( − 0·36, 95 % CI − 0·80, 0·09) kg compared to control. Sub-analyses revealed that dairy supplementation resulted in no change in body weight (nineteen studies, n 1010) ( − 0·32, 95 % CI − 0·93, 0·30 kg, P= 0·31), but a greater reduction in body fat (thirteen studies, n 564) ( − 0·96, 95 % CI − 1·46, − 0·46 kg, P < 0·001) in the presence of energy restriction over a mean of 4 months compared to control. Increasing dietary Ca intake by 900 mg/d as supplements or increasing dairy intake to approximately 3 servings daily (approximately 1300 mg of Ca/d) is not an effective weight reduction strategy in adults. There is, however, an indication that approximately 3 servings of dairy may facilitate fat loss on weight reduction diets in the short term.
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Gipson, Terry A., Roger C. Merkel, Abner Rodriguez, and John Fernandez. "Knowledge Transfer in Online Meat and Dairy Goat Certification Programs in English and Spanish." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab096.013.
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Abstract In 2020, on-line courses in Spanish (SP) for dairy (D) and meat (M) goat producers were unveiled (http://certification.goats.langston.edu). These courses complemented the existing courses in English (EN) for D and M. Thirty-one undergraduate and one graduate animal science students at the University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Mayagüez enrolled in the SP courses for beta-testing. Nineteen students completed D-SP, 9 completed M-SP, and 4 completed both. Participants take a pre-test (PRE) and if the PRE score < 85%, a post-test (POST) is required. To complete D, passing scores are required on 18 required modules and 7 of 10 electives. To complete M, passing scores are required on 21 required modules and 9 of 12 electives. A random sample of previous participants (23 D-EN and 13 M-EN) in the same time length (86 ± 18.2 d) was added to the UPR dataset. The objective of this study is to evaluate the difference (DIFF) between PRE and POST scores as a measure of knowledge transfer. Mixed model analysis was conducted with the dependent variable of DIFF, the independent variables of course (D or M), language (EN or SP), the two-way interaction, and participant as the random effect. There were significant course (P > 0.01) and language (P > 0.05) effects on DIFF. M had lower DIFF than D (29.0% vs 34.1%) and EN had lower DIFF than SP (29.2% vs 34.0%). When required module within course (18 for D and 21 for M) was added to the model to examine specific module differences, there was a significant course(module)*language interaction (P > 0.01) with values ranging from 15.6% for Preventive Herd Health in EN M to 45.1% for Milking Systems in SP D. Participant background and language may play a role in knowledge transfer for online courses; however, a larger sample would be needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Clemente, Filipe Manuel, Rui Silva, Yung-Sheng Chen, Rodrigo Aquino, Gibson Moreira Praça, Julen Castellano, Hadi Nobari, Bruno Mendes, Thomas Rosemann, and Beat Knechtle. "Accelerometry-Workload Indices Concerning Different Levels of Participation during Congested Fixture Periods in Professional Soccer: A Pilot Study Conducted over a Full Season." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031137.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the variations of acute load (AL), acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR), training monotony (TM), and training strain (TS) of accelerometry-based GPS measures in players who started in three matches (S3M), two matches (S2M), and one match (S1M) during congested weeks. Nineteen elite professional male players from a Portuguese team (age: 26.5 ± 4.3 years) were monitored daily using global positioning systems (GPSs) over a full season (45 weeks). Accelerometry-derived measures of high metabolic load distance (HMLD), high accelerations (HA), and high decelerations (HD) were collected during each training session and match. Seven congested weeks were classified throughout the season, and the participation of each player in matches played during these weeks was codified. The workload indices of AL (classified as ACWR, TM, and TS) were calculated weekly for each player. The AL of HMLD was significantly greater for S2M than S1M (difference = 42%; p = 0.002; d = 0.977) and for S3M than S1M (difference = 44%; p = 0.001; d = 1.231). Similarly, the AL of HA was significantly greater for S2M than S1M (difference = 25%; p = 0.023; d = 0.735). The TM of HD was significantly greater for S2M than S3M (difference = 25%; p = 0.002; d = 0.774). Accelerometry-based measures were dependent on congested fixtures. S2M had the greatest TS values, while S3M had the greatest TM.
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Yoo, Seon Pil, Myunggi Baik, Hyeok Joong Kang, Seung Ju Park, Da Jin Sol Jung, Beak Seok-Hyeon, and Inhyuk Jeong. "312 Effects of castration stress on behaviors and leukocyte cytokine gene expression in Korean cattle bull calves." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.015.
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Abstract This study investigated behavioral, physiological, and inflammatory responses, as well as leukocyte cytokine gene expression, of Korean cattle calves following surgical castration. Nineteen Korean cattle bull calves (average body weight, 254.5 kg; average age, 8.2 months) were assigned to one of two treatment groups: control (n = 9) and surgical castration (n = 10). Castration was performed surgically using Newberry knives and a Henderson castrating tool. Blood was collected immediately before castration and at 0.5 h, 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, and 14 d after castration, and analyzed cortisol and substance P concentrations and leukocyte cytokine gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR. Behaviors were observed for 3 h, from 0.5 to 3.5 h after castration. Feed intake was recorded daily, and body weight was measured 1 d prior to the experiment and 14 d after castration. Castration decreased average daily gain (P = 0.005) and gain-to-feed ratio (P = 0.003). Castration reduced the time spent eating (P < 0.001) and the frequency of eating (P = 0.003) and increased (P < 0.001) the frequency of lying during the 3 h after castration. Castration temporarily increased circulating plasma cortisol (P < 0.001) and salivary cortisol concentrations (P = 0.03) at 0.5 h after castration. Castration temporarily increased (P < 0.05) plasma substance P concentration at 1 d after castration. Castration increased plasma haptoglobin concentration at 1 d and 3 d after castration. With regard to leukocytes, castration increased (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1-beta and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RA) genes at 6 h after castration, and increased (P < 0.05) IL1RA, interleukin-1-alpha, and interleukin-6 mRNA levels at 1 d after castration. In conclusion, castration of Korean cattle bull calves temporarily induced stress, retarded growth, and affected behaviors and inflammatory cytokine gene expression.
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Mahoney, D. H., D. Strother, B. Camitta, T. Bowen, T. Ghim, T. Pick, D. Wall, L. Yu, J. J. Shuster, and H. Friedman. "High-dose melphalan and cyclophosphamide with autologous bone marrow rescue for recurrent/progressive malignant brain tumors in children: a pilot pediatric oncology group study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 14, no. 2 (February 1996): 382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1996.14.2.382.
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PURPOSE To determine the maximum-tolerated dose of cyclophosphamide (CTX) when administered sequentially with melphalan 60 mg/m2/d for 3 days, followed by autologous bone marrow rescue (ABMR), in children with recurrent or progressive malignant brain tumors, and to make preliminary observations on efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nineteen patients between the ages of 2 and 21 years were enrolled and 18 were assessable for effects of therapy. CTX was administered to seven patients at 750 mg/m2/d for 4 days, to five patients at 975 mg/m2/d, to three patients at 1,200 mg/m2/d, and to three patients at 1,500 mg/m2/d. All patients received ABMR. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was used in 15 patients. Toxicity, response to therapy, time to progression, and survival and monitored. RESULTS The median time to a granulocyte count more than 500/dL was 19 days (range, 11 to 39), and for a platelet count more than 50,000/dL was 33 days (range, 16 to 60). Four heavily pretreated patients (22%) died of transplant-related complications. No dose-limiting, non-hematologic toxicities were defined for the study. Seven of 18 patients (39%) had a complete response (CR) or a partial response (PR). These included four patients with medulloblastoma (CR and three PRs), two with germinomas (two CRs), and one with ependymoma (one CR). The estimated 1-year survival rate was 39% (SE 12%). CONCLUSION CTX, at a maximum total dose of 6,000 mg/m2, administered sequentially with melphalan and followed by ABMR was tolerable in children with recurrent brain tumors who had not been heavily pretreated. Responses were seen in patients with medulloblastoma and germinomas. Further trials in children with chemosensitive tumors, with minimal residual disease, are planned.
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Sarto, Fabio, Giorgia Cona, Francesco Chiossi, Antonio Paoli, Patrizia Bisiacchi, Elisabetta Patron, and Giuseppe Marcolin. "Dual-tasking effects on static and dynamic postural balance performance: a comparison between endurance and team sport athletes." PeerJ 8 (September 16, 2020): e9765. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9765.
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In sports, postural balance control has been demonstrated to be one of the limiting factors of performance and a necessary component to achieve any sport technique. Team players (TP) must process and react to multiple external stimuli while executing at the same time the skills of the game. By contrast, endurance athletes (END) must perform the same gesture repetitively without a concurrent coordination of continuous stimuli-related actions. However, END are used to facilitate their physical performance by adopting cognitive strategies while performing their sport gesture. Therefore, we aimed to investigate static and dynamic balance performance in these two types of athletes, both in single and dual-task conditions. Nineteen END and sixteen TP underwent a static and a dynamic balance assessment on a dynamometric platform and an instrumented oscillating board, respectively. Among TP static but not dynamic postural balance performance was negatively affected by dual-tasking considering the area of the confidence ellipse (p < 0.001; d = 0.52) and the sway path mean speed (p < 0.001; d = 0.93). Conversely, END unaltered static balance performance but showed an overall improvement in the dynamic one when dual-tasking occurred. The limited human processing capacity accounted the worsening of the cognitive performance in both TP (p < 0.05; d = 0.22) and END (p < 0.001; d = 0.37). Although TP are more used coping dual tasking, the better performance of END could be accounted for by the employment of the external attentive focus (i.e. counting backward aloud) that called into play a strategy close to those adopted during training and competitions. These surprising results should be considered when driving and developing new trainings for team players in dual-tasking conditions.
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Thulien, Naomi S., Andrea Wang, Caitlin Mathewson, Ri Wang, and Stephen W. Hwang. "Tackling exclusion: A pilot mixed method quasi-experimental identity capital intervention for young people exiting homelessness." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): e0256288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256288.
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Background Longitudinal studies examining the life trajectories of young people after they have exited homelessness have identified concerns with persistent social and economic exclusion, struggles to shake off identities of homelessness, and housing instability. This pilot study sought to explore the feasibility of improving socioeconomic inclusion outcomes by bolstering identity capital (sense of purpose and control, self-efficacy and self-esteem) among young people who had experienced homelessness. Methods Nineteen individuals (aged 18–26) who had transitioned out of homelessness within the past three years participated in a six-week, six-session program focused on building identity capital. The study employed a mixed method prospective cohort hybrid design with an intervention group (Group One) and a delayed intervention comparison group (Group Two). Participants were interviewed every three months until nine months post-intervention. Results None of the youth who began the intervention dropped out of the program, with the exception of one participant who moved across the country and was unable to continue. Immediately after participating in the intervention, Group One had statistically significant improvements (p < .05) and large to very large effect sizes in self-esteem (d = 1.16) and physical community integration (d = 1.79) compared to changes in Group Two over the same period, which had not yet begun the intervention. In the pooled analysis, small to moderate effect sizes in hopelessness, physical community integration, and self-esteem were observed at all post-intervention time points. Notably, at six- and nine-months post-intervention, statistically significant improvements (p < .05) and moderate effect sizes in hopelessness (d = -0.73 and d = -0.60 respectively) and self-esteem (d = 0.71 and d = 0.53 respectively) were observed. Youth shared they appreciated the normalizing (vs. pathologizing) of strategies they needed to learn and spoke of the importance of framing new skills as something one needs “to have a better life” vs. “to get better.” Conclusions These early findings signal that targeting identity capital is feasible and may be a promising approach to incorporate into a more complex intervention that includes housing, education, and employment supports to help youth transition out of homelessness. Future research could build on these findings through a sufficiently powered randomized controlled trial.
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Aubertin-Leheudre, Mylène, and Herman Adlercreutz. "Relationship between animal protein intake and muscle mass index in healthy women." British Journal of Nutrition 102, no. 12 (August 14, 2009): 1803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509991310.
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The amount and the type of dietary protein could play a role in determining the quantity of skeletal muscle mass. The aim was to examine the relationship between the type of protein intake and the level of muscle mass in healthy omnivorous and vegetarian Caucasian women. The design of the present study was an observational and cross-sectional study. Twenty-one omnivores (Om) and nineteen vegetarians (Ve) were recruited. Muscle mass index (urinary creatinine), dietary intake (5 d dietary records) and biochemical analyses (hormone, phyto-oestrogen and lipid profiles) were obtained. We found differences between groups for muscle mass (Ve: 18 kg v. Om: 23 kg; P = 0·010), muscle mass index (Ve: 6·7 kg/m2v. Om: 8·3 kg/m2; P = 0·002), animal protein intake in g/d (P = 0·001) and in g/kg body weight per d (P = 0·003), plant protein intake in g/d (P = 0·015) and in g/kg body weight per d (P = 0·007), the animal:plant protein intake ratio (P = 0·001) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (P = 0·001). Muscle mass index still correlated with animal protein intake in g/d (P = 0·001) and in g/kg body weight per d (P = 0·008), and the animal:plant protein intake ratio (P = 0·007) even after controlling for SHBG and plant protein intake. Finally, animal protein intake (g/d) was the independent predictor of muscle mass index (adjusted r2 0·42). Thus, a vegetarian diet is associated with a lower muscle mass index than is an omnivorous diet at the same protein intake. A good indicator of muscle mass index in women seems to be animal protein intake.
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Goodman, G. E., I. Hellström, L. Brodzinsky, C. Nicaise, B. Kulander, D. Hummel, and K. E. Hellström. "Phase I trial of murine monoclonal antibody L6 in breast, colon, ovarian, and lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 8, no. 6 (June 1990): 1083–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1990.8.6.1083.
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Murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) L6 binds to an antigen expressed on the surface of breast, colon, ovary, and nonsmall-cell lung cancer. This antibody effects antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) with human mononuclear cells and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) with human complement. Because of these activities, we conducted a phase I trial of MAb L6 in patients with advanced cancer. Nineteen patients whose tumors highly expressed antigen were selected for this trial. Eighteen were evaluable. MAb L6 was administered at dose levels ranging from 5 mg/m2/d to 400 mg/m2/d for 7 days and was well tolerated. The only side effects detected were fever and headaches at the highest dose levels. The serum half-life of L6 was directly related to dose and ranged from a mean of 7.7 hours at 5 mg/m2/d to 29.1 hours at 400 mg/m2/d. Peak serum concentrations ranged from 0.22 micrograms/mL to 362 micrograms/mL. Biopsies at the end of treatment showed L6 to localize well to tumor cells with apparent in vivo saturation occurring at dose levels above 100 mg/m2/d. Thirteen patients formed human antimouse antibodies (HAMA), some as early as day 13. One patient with recurrent breast cancer on the chest wall achieved a complete remission. The response was first noted at 5 weeks and a pathologic complete remission occurred at 14 weeks. Because of its favorable binding properties and the encouraging clinical effect observed, future evaluation of this MAb appears warranted.
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Baselga, J., D. Rischin, M. Ranson, H. Calvert, E. Raymond, D. G. Kieback, S. B. Kaye, et al. "Phase I Safety, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Trial of ZD1839, a Selective Oral Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Five Selected Solid Tumor Types." Journal of Clinical Oncology 20, no. 21 (November 1, 2002): 4292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2002.03.100.
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PURPOSE: To establish the safety and tolerability of ZD1839 (Iressa), a selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and to explore its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects in patients with selected solid tumor types. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a phase I dose-escalating trial of oral ZD1839 150 mg/d to a maximum of 1,000 mg/d given once daily for at least 28 days. Patients with either advanced non–small-cell lung, ovarian, head and neck, prostate, or colorectal cancer were recruited. RESULTS: Eighty-eight patients received ZD1839 (150 to 1,000 mg/d). At 1,000 mg/d, five of 12 patients experienced dose-limiting toxicity (grade 3 diarrhea [four patients] and grade 3 somnolence [one patient]). The most frequent drug-related adverse events (AEs) were acne-like rash (64%) and diarrhea (47%), which were generally mild (grade 1/2) and reversible on cessation of treatment. No change in ZD1839 safety profile was observed with prolonged administration. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed steady-state exposure to ZD1839 in 98% of patients by day 7. Nineteen patients had stable disease and received ZD1839 for ≥ 3 months; seven of these patients remained on study drug for ≥ 6 months. Serial skin biopsies taken before treatment and at approximately day 28 revealed changes indicative of inhibition of the EGFR signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: ZD1839 was generally well tolerated, with manageable and reversible AEs at doses up to 600 mg/d and dose-limiting toxicity observed at 1,000 mg/d. ZD1839 treatment resulted in clinically meaningful disease stabilization across a range of tumor types and doses. Pharmacodynamic changes in skin confirmed inhibition of EGFR signaling, which was predicted from the mode of action of ZD1839.
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BOUTRA, A., K. RAGUI, N. LABSI, Y. K. BENKAHLA, and R. BENNACER. "Progress on numerical simulation of nanofluids: impact of an isothermal spherical partition on the mixed convection of nanofluids within cubic enclosures." MATEC Web of Conferences 307 (2020): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030701016.
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The main objective of our work is to light out the three-dimensional flow of an Ag-water nanofluid within a lid-driven cubical space which equipped with a spherical heater into its center. Due to its crucial role in the characterization of the main transfer within such configurations, impact of some parameters is widely inspected. It consists the Richardson value (0,05 to 50), the solid volume fraction (0% to 10%), as well as the heater geometry (10% ≤ d ≤ 25%). To do so, a numerical code based on the Lattice-Boltzmann method, coupled with a finite difference one, is used. The latter has been validated after comparison between the present results and those of the literature. It is to note that the three dimensions D3Q19 model is adopted based on a cubic Lattice, where each pattern of the latter is characterized by nineteen discrete speeds.
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Vestøl, Irene, Jonas Debesay, and Astrid Bergland. "Mobility—A Bridge to Sense of Coherence in Everyday Life: Older Patients’ Experiences of Participation in an Exercise Program During the First 3 Weeks After Hip Fracture Surgery." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 10 (April 30, 2021): 1823–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10497323211008848.
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Our aim with this article was to explore the experiences of older people who participated in the evidence-based High-Intensity Functional Exercise (HIFE) Program during the first 3 weeks of rehabilitation after hip fracture surgery. Nineteen older people participated in the study. Data were analyzed using systematic text condensation. One overarching theme “Exercise is the key for regaining mobility and a sense of coherence (SOC) in everyday life” emerged from the analysis in addition to these five themes: (a) understanding the existential importance of mobility; (b) maintaining a positive self-image by regaining mobility; (c) regaining one’s old life and independence in everyday living; (d) maintaining interpersonal relationships through mobility; and (e) creating positive emotions by being able to move. The findings highlight the importance of exercise as a strategy for regaining mobility, illustrated by the essential role it played in the participants’ lives after suffering a hip fracture.
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Sanchez-Castillo, Claudia P., David Grubb, Maria De Lourdes Solano, Michael F. Franklin, and W. Philip T. James. "Non-starch polysaccharide intakes in Mexican villagers and residents of Mexico City." British Journal of Nutrition 77, no. 3 (March 1997): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19970037.
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A study was performed in a rural Mexican community and in Mexico City to investigate possible differences in non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) intakes. One hundred and fourteen women (fifty-five rural and fitty-nine urban) and forty-three men (twenty-four rural and nineteen urban) completed 24 h recall questionnaires for three consecutive days with NSP intakes being estimated from a specially prepared set of new food composition tables. Potential underestimation of intakes was assessed by estimating individual BMR and dividing the estimated energy intakes by BMR to give a ratio. Excluding severe underrecording (ratio < 1·01) suggested NSP intakes of 21·8 and 17·3 g/d in rural men and women and 17·7 and 15·6 g/d in urban men and women respectively. NSP sources differed, with a marked fall in intake from pulses in the urban areas but a compensatory increase of tortilla intakes and a rise in NSP-rich fruit consumption. Both soluble- and insoluble-NSP intakes were higher in rural areas. NSP intakes scaled by probable energy intakes of moderately active adults in developing countries suggest that NSP intakes in Mexico are similar to adjusted values in Africa, i.e. 26·9 g/d in Mexico v. 28·5 g/d in Africa in rural men and 22·9 v. 21·0 g/d respectively in rural women. The NSP: energy density ratio (g/MJ) of the rural diet conformed with the World Health Organization (1990) goal. Data available on urban and rural communities for three countries showed that in each case the intake of NSP was lowest in the urban community.
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Gidenne, Thierry Noël, Carole Bannelier, Mélanie Gallois, M. Segura, and Vincent Lambrecht. "Milk digestion in the young rabbit: methodology and first results." World Rabbit Science 26, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2018.10061.
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This study aims to determine the digestibility of milk by the young rabbit (21-25 d old), taking into account the increment of digesta content and urine excretion. Nineteen litters of 9 young rabbits 21 to 25 d old were used: 12 litters (S group) fed exclusively with milk using controlled suckling, and 7 litters (Control group) with free suckling and access to the pelleted feed of the doe. The faecal digestibility of milk dry matter (DM) was measured between 21 and 25 d of age, for S litters housed from 15 d of age in a metabolism cage separately from their mother. Between 21 and 25 d, the milk intake, faeces and urine excretion were controlled daily, and the mean increment in digesta content was measured by comparing digesta weight of the whole tract at 21 and 25 d of age (one kit per litter). The increment in digesta content from 21 to 25 d averaged 77% (+8.5 g), sourcing mainly from stomach and caecum contents increase (+57 and +120% respectively). The mean increase for the dry content of the gut (from 21 to 25 d) was 1.75 g DM/kit, and was considered as non-digested to calculate the digestibility coefficient of the milk. The milk intake averaged 30 g/d/kit (7.9 g DM/d kit). No faecal excretion was recorded between 21 and 25 d. From the milk intake and increment in digesta content, the corrected digestibility of the milk dry matter reached 94% (minimum=92.9%, maximum=95.6%). The daily urine excretion averaged 5.1 mL/kit, corresponding to 1.2 g DM/kit. Therefore, the corrected DM retention coefficient of the milk was 79.5%. The quantity of nitrogen excreted in urine was low (0.06 g/d kits), thus the corrected nitrogen retention coefficient for milk reached 82% and the nitrogen retained (corrected) reached 0.44 g/d kit. Accordingly, the amount in metabolisable protein for the milk was 90 g/kg (fresh). The corrected energy retention coefficient was estimated to 95.8%, for a crude energy concentration estimated at 28.14 MJ/kg DM for the milk. Thus, the energy retained (corrected) reached 223 kJ/d kit and the content in metabolisable energy for the milk was 26.94 MJ/kg DM.
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Graham, M. L., J. E. Herndon, J. R. Casey, S. Chaffee, G. H. Ciocci, J. P. Krischer, J. Kurtzberg, et al. "High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue in patients with recurrent and high-risk pediatric brain tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 15, no. 5 (May 1997): 1814–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1997.15.5.1814.
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PURPOSE We treated 49 patients with recurrent or poor-prognosis CNS malignancies with high-dose chemotherapy regimens followed by autologous marrow rescue with or without peripheral-blood stem-cell augmentation to determine the toxicity of and event-free survival after these regimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nineteen patients had medulloblastomas, 12 had glial tumors, seven had pineoblastomas, five had ependymomas, three had primitive neuroectodermal tumors, two had germ cell tumors, and one had fibrosarcoma. Thirty-seven received chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide 1.5 g/m2 daily x 4 and melphalan 25 to 60 mg/m2 daily x 3. Nine received busulfan 37.5 mg/m2 every 6 hours x 16 and melphalan 180 mg/m2 (n = 7) or 140 mg/m2 (n = 2). Three received carboplatin 700 mg/m2/d on days -7, -5, and -3 and etoposide 500 mg/m2/d on days -6, -4, and -2. All patients received standard supportive care. RESULTS Eighteen of 49 patients survive event-free 22+ to 55+ months (median, 33+) after transplantation, including nine of 16 treated before recurrence and nine of 33 treated after recurrence. There was one transplant-related death from pulmonary aspergillosis. Of five patients assessable for disease response, one had a partial remission (2 months), one has had stable disease (55+ months), and three showed progression 2, 5, and 8 months after transplantation. CONCLUSION The toxicity of these regimens was tolerable. Certain patients with high-risk CNS malignancies may benefit from such a treatment approach. Subsequent trials should attempt to determine which patients are most likely to benefit from high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue.
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López-Argumedo, G., G. López-Vivanco, R. Fernández, I. Díaz de Corcuera, A. Sancho, I. Rubio, A. Martínez-Bueno, J. Mañé, A. Muñoz, and R. Barceló. "Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (crt) with weekly docetaxel (d) for advanced head and neck cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 15516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.15516.
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15516 Background: Concomitant CRT has become a standard treatment for advanced head and neck cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of concurrent CRT with D in patients (pts) with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). Methods: Patients with untreated and unresectable stage III or IV (M0) squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck were included. Treatment consisted of D 20 mg/m2 weekly with concomitant radiotherapy 70 Gy (2 Gy per day, 7 weeks). Results: From September 03 to October 05, sixty-four pts with advanced SCCHN, were recruited. Gender: 61 male, 3 female. Mean age: 56.5 years old (range 42–77). ECOG PS 0/1/2: 0/57/7. Primary sites of disease: oral cavity 8, oropharynx 26, hypopharynx 15 and larynx 15. Stage III 16 pts and stage IV 48 pts. Compliance: 393 administrations of D were given, median 6, mean 6 (range 1–8). Fifty-five pts (86%) completed the radiotherapy dose planned (mean dose of RT was 66 Gy). One refused more treatment with D after first administration. Nineteen pts required supportive percutaneous gastrostomy or nasogastric tubes previously or during therapy. Grade 2/3/4 toxicity per patient: anemia 4/2/0, mucositis 21/24/0, dermatitis 21/20/0. Neither thrombopenia nor neutropenia were observed. Four pts died of aspiration pneumonia during treatment, one of gastric perforation and two of unknown causes. Fifty-six pts were evaluable for response: CR 28 (44%), PR 23 (36%), SD 2 (3%), PD 3 (5%), with an overall response rate of 80%. Median overall survival was 74.86 weeks (95% CI: 40.40–109.32) and median progression free survival was 48 weeks (95% CI: 18.80–77.20). With a median follow up of 40 weeks 34 pts (53%) were alive and 21 of them (33%) remained free of disease. Conclusions: Concurrent weekly D with conventional radiotherapy showed a high response rate. Toxicity was manageable and allowed maintaining radiotherapy administration. Taking into account poor prognostic factors of our series, survival results seem promising. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Henry, C. Jeya K., Helen J. Lightowler, and Jonathan Marchini. "Intra-individual variation in resting metabolic rate during the menstrual cycle." British Journal of Nutrition 89, no. 6 (June 2003): 811–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2003839.
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Little information exists on the extent of day-to-day intra-individual variation in resting metabolic rate (RMR) in women. The present study has investigated the intra-individual variation in RMR of women during the menstrual cycle. Nineteen women (naturally cycling non-pill users) were recruited to the study. Anthropometric and RMR measurements were taken at least three times per week for the duration of one complete menstrual cycle; measurements were taken for a second, consecutive cycle in eight of the nineteen subjects. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry using a ventilated hood system under standardized conditions. The measurements made throughout each complete menstrual cycle were averaged and the levels of inter- and intra-individual variation in RMR were assessed by determining the CV (%). Mean RMR of the group was 5686 (SD 674) kJ/d; inter-individual variation in RMR was 11·8 %. There were wide differences in the intra-individual variation in RMR of women (CV range 1·7–10·4 %). The CV in ten subjects was small (2–4 %), while the CV in nine women was high (5–10 %), indicating a significant variation in RMR during the menstrual cycle in certain subjects. Using statistical models, it has been shown that there was a significant effect on RMR due to a subject-specific level of variability; this was the case even when accounting for a possible training effect. In conclusion, the findings from our present study show that RMR cannot be assumed to be ‘stable’ in all women. The implications of intra-individual variation in RMR and its impact on energy balance needs further research.
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Rosenthal, David I., Jason H. Lee, Robert Sinard, Denise A. Yardley, Mitchell Machtay, D. Marc Rosen, Merrill J. Egorin, et al. "Phase I Study of Paclitaxel Given by Seven-Week Continuous Infusion Concurrent With Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck." Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 1363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2001.19.5.1363.
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PURPOSE: Paclitaxel is one of the most active agents for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and an in vitro radiosensitizer. The dose-response relationship for paclitaxel may depend more on exposure duration than on peak concentration. This National Cancer Institute–sponsored phase I trial was designed to determine the feasibility of combining continuous-infusion (CI) paclitaxel with concurrent radiation therapy (RT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with previously untreated stage IVA/B SCCHN were eligible. Primary end points were determination of the maximum-tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicity, and pharmacokinetics for paclitaxel given by CI (24 hours a day, 7 days a week for 7 weeks) during RT (70 Gy/7 weeks). RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were enrolled and assessable for toxicity. Nineteen of the patients who completed ≥ 70 Gy were assessable for response. Grade 3 skin and mucosal acute reactions occurred at 10.5 mg/m2/d, but uninterrupted treatment was possible in five of six patients. At 17 mg/m2/d, skin toxicity required a 2-week treatment break for all three patients. The mean paclitaxel serum concentration at dose levels ≥ 6.5 mg/m2/d exceeded that reported to achieve in vitro radiosensitization. Initial locoregional control was achieved in 14 (58%) of 24 of patients treated to 70 Gy, and control persisted in nine (38%). CONCLUSION: CI paclitaxel with concurrent RT is a feasible and tolerable regimen for patients with advanced SCCHN and good performance status. Preliminary response and survival data are encouraging and suggest that further study is indicated. The recommended phase II dose of paclitaxel by CI is 10.5 mg/m2/d with RT for SCCHN.
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Mota-Gutierrez, Jatziri, and Gerard Michael O’Brien. "Cassava consumption and the occurrence of cyanide in cassava in Vietnam, Indonesia and Philippines." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 13 (May 22, 2020): 2410–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001900524x.
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AbstractObjective:To make a tentative assessment of the consumption of cassava in three countries in South-east Asia and the cyanogenic potential (CNp) of the crop as a possible food safety issue.Design:We used data from the Ministry of Health in Vietnam and Statistics Authorities in Indonesia and Philippines (mean household consumption per province) to assess cassava consumption. Conversions of units were needed to facilitate the comparison of cassava consumption between countries. The most up-to-date data available regarding both cassava consumption and the CNp of cassava grown in the respective countries were assessed.Settings:Vietnam, Indonesia and Philippines.Participants:Respondents from provinces in Vietnam (nineteen), Indonesia (thirty-three) and Philippines (eighty-one) were asked to complete a recall questionnaire detailing either the previous 24-h’ or the 7-d’ cassava consumption.Results:Among the three countries, available data indicated that the highest median cassava-consumption figures percapita were from Indonesia and the Philippines (9·01 and 7·28 g/capita per d, respectively), with Vietnam having the least (1·14 g/capita per d). Published information regarding the CNp of cassava in the three countries was limited.Conclusions:While the findings of the present study are somewhat limited by a lack of available information regarding both the extent of cassava consumption and the CNp of cassava consumed in the three countries, it appears likely that cyanogen intake arising from cassava consumption among the three countries exceeds the FAO/WHO Provisional Maximum Tolerable Daily Intake, although any risk to public health appears limited to a minority of provinces in each country.
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IBRAHIM, GEORGE F., MARY J. LYONS, RETA A. WALKER, and GRAHAM H. FLEET. "Rapid Detection of Salmonellae in Foods Using Immunoassay Systems." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.2.92.
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A standard cultural method, radioimmunometric (RIMA) and enzyme immunometric (EIMA) assays were compared for detection of salmonellae in 235 food samples. The immunoassays used titanous hydroxide as the solid-phase, commercial Spicer-Edwards salmonella polyvalent H antisera (SEA) or pooled antisera produced against 10 salmonella flagellins (PFA). Nineteen food samples were positive for Salmonella by the standard cultural method. These as well as one additional sample were also positive for Salmonella by RIMA and EIMA. No false-negative results were obtained from the immunoassays using PFA, whereas two false-negative results were observed when SEA was used. The incidence of false-positive results when SEA and PFA were used were, respectively, 3.0 and 0.9% with RIMA and 2.6 and 0.9% with EIMA. The immunoassays were also able to detect 77 Salmonella serotypes when grown alone or in association with other species of Enterobacteriaceae, in mannitol selenite cystine broth. Both immunoassays performed reliably on enrichment cultures stored under refrigeration for up to 9 d. Also, of 6 non-motile salmonellae, 5 were detectable by the immunoassays. The immunoassays were simple, rapid and cost-efficient.
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Cardin, Dana Backlund, Laura Williams Goff, Emily Chan, Jennifer Whisenant, Lori R. Arlinghaus, Thomas Yankeelov, Tatsuki Koyama, Jordan Berlin, and Nipun B. Merchant. "Phase I study of gemcitabine (G), dasatinib (D), and erlotinib (E) in advanced pancreatic carcinoma (PC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2017): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.315.
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315 Background: The combination of E with G remains the only approved targeted therapy for PC based on significant, yet modest, improved overall survival when compared to G alone in a phase III clinical trial. We have shown previously that adding the Src inhibitor D with E and G resulted in synergistic attenuation of tumor growth in vivo. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety of D given with E and G. Methods: This investigator-initiated study used 3+3 dose-escalation to determine the maximum tolerated dose in advanced PC patients (pts). Dose escalation started at 70 mg daily of D, 100 mg daily of E, and G on days 1, 8, and 15 (800 mg/m2) of a 28-day cycle. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) measurements (ADC) were collected prior to and at four weeks in a subset of pts (n=3). Results: Nineteen pts were enrolled. One pt experienced a DLT at the starting dose (L0); however, given the side effects observed in the first two pts, D was reduced to 50 mg (L-1). At L-1, one DLT was observed in 1/6 pts and the dose was re-escalated to L0. Zero DLTs were observed in the next four pts at L0 thus D was escalated to 100 mg (L1). Seven pts were treated at L1 as one pt was not evaluable for safety. In this cohort, 1/6 pts experienced a DLT. Although L1 was tolerable, dose escalation was stopped as it was felt L1was within the therapeutic window and escalation would enhance toxicity with minimal benefit. Most frequent toxicities (%) were anemia (89), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (79), fatigue (79), nausea (79), elevated alanine aminotransferase (74), lymphopenia (74), leukopenia (74), neutropenia (63), and thrombocytopenia (63), most Gr1/2. Zero responses were observed, but disease stabilization (SD) occurred in 9/13 (69%). Median duration of SD was 4 months, and median OS was 7.7 mos. At the time of data cutoff, two pts are still alive and in follow-up. Increase in ADC on MRI reflected a decrease in tumor cellularity suggesting therapeutic benefit; disease assessment at 8 weeks was SD. Conclusions: The most tolerable dose was determined to be 70 mg of D, 100 mg of E, and 800 mg/m2 of G. Clinical activity of this combination was observed as SD occurred in 69% of pts. DW-MRI could be a promising technique to assess clinical benefit early during the course of therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT01660971.
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Dann, E. J., J. Anastasi, and R. A. Larson. "High-dose cladribine therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia in the accelerated or blast phase." Journal of Clinical Oncology 16, no. 4 (April 1998): 1498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1998.16.4.1498.
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PURPOSE A phase II clinical trial was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of high-dose cladribine (2CDA) for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in the accelerated or blast phase. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nineteen patients were treated. The median age was 55 years (range, 30 to 73). Six were older than 60 years. Eight had progressed after intensive combination chemotherapy and three after allogeneic or autologous transplantation. For the first course, 16 patients received 2CDA at 15 mg/m2/d intravenously (i.v.) over 1 hour for 5 days. Two received 18 mg/m2 and one received 21.5 mg/m2 daily. The second course was escalated to 20 mg/m2/d in five patients. RESULTS Rapid cytoreduction of leukemia occurred in the blood, with the nadir at 10 to 12 days. The median WBC count decreased from 36,900/microL before treatment to 500/microL at the nadir and recovered to 5,200/microL at day 30. The median platelet count changed from 113,000/microL to 24,000/microL at the nadir and 71,000/microL at day 30. The complete remission (CR) plus partial remission (PR) rate was 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23% to 72%). One 64-year-old man with lymphoid blast phase of CML had a morphologic and cytogenetic CR that lasted 9 months. The median survival for all patients was 34 weeks, and the median survival for the eight responders was 56 weeks (range, 11 to 167). The median number of days spent in hospital over the entire treatment period was 19 (range, 4 to 60). CONCLUSION High-dose 2CDA therapy provides effective palliation for CML in accelerated or blast phases, even for heavily pretreated patients.
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Yaya, Kane, Leye Mamadou Mokhtar Mbacké, Zeinabou Maiga Moussa Tondi, Lemrabott Ahmed Tall, Faye Maria, Cisse Mouhamadou Moustapha, Ka El Hadj Fary, and Diouf Boucar. "Décentralisation De La Dialyse Au Sénégal : Expérience D’1 An Du Centre De Tambacounda A l’Est Du Pays." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 36 (December 31, 2016): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n36p164.
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Hemodialysis has made numerous and significant progress in recent decades resulting in life expectancy increase (thirty or forty years). The aim of our study was to assess the treatment of acute and chronic hemodialysis in the reference center of Tambacounda. Patients and methods: This was a prospective study over a one-year period (April 2013 to March 2014) in the hemodialysis center of the regional hospital of Tambacounda, 450km away from Dakar. The study focused on epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and scalable data. Results: Fifty-nine patients were involved in the study. The sex ratio was 0.85 (32F/ 27M). The mean age was 41.3 years [12-72 years old]. Nineteen patients were on dialysis treatment for acute renal failure (ARF) (32.2%) and 40 were chronic hemodialysis patients (67.79%). Fifty patients were under emergency dialysis (84.7%) including 17 in intensive care (28.8%). Most chronic hemodialysis patients had 3 sessions per week (98.3%). Only 9 patients were monitored in nephrology prior to dialysis (22%). Thirty-two patients had a femoral double-lumen catheter (54.23%), 6 patients used ordinary double- lumen jugular catheters (10.17%) and 3 received tunneled jugular catheters (5.09%). Eighteen patients had functional arteriovenous (AV) fistula (18.51%). The mean hemoglobin was 7 g/dl. Only 11 patients had erythropoietin-based therapy. In acute renal impairment there were 8 deaths (42.10%), whereas in chronic renal failure the fatality rate was 18.8% (n = 9). Conclusion: Our study has demonstrated the benefits of decentralizing dialysis treatment in the provinces. However there is a need to implement the accompanying measures, such as the availability of some essential medicines for all hemodialysis patients, and equipment of intensive care units.
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JASCHHOF, MATHIAS, and CATRIN JASCHHOF. "The Porricondylini (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Porricondylinae) of Sweden revisited: descriptions of nineteen new species of ten genera, including a new genus." Zootaxa 4728, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 151–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4728.2.1.
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The taxonomy of the tribe Porricondylini is revisited using male adult specimens from Sweden, whose morphology was studied by transmitted-light microscope. Results communicated here include both descriptions of new taxa (one genus, 19 species) and considerably expanded species distributions (five new Fennoscandian records). New taxa, all to be attributed to both authors, are Cassidoides cornutus sp. nov., Coccopsilis pectinata sp. nov., Cocc. recondita sp. nov., Cocc. scalpta sp. nov., Dendrepidosis lapponica sp. nov., D. upplandica sp. nov., Monepidosis difficilis sp. nov., M. hybrida sp. nov., Neocolpodia ombergensis sp. nov., Oelandyla rostrata gen. et sp. nov., Parepidosis kaltisbackensis sp. nov., Paurodyla serrata sp. nov., Porricondyla bidentula sp. nov., Porr. diversicornis sp. nov., Porr. gemina sp. nov., Porr. ottenbyensis sp. nov., Porr. pallidigenae sp. nov., Spungisomyia carinaolssonae sp. nov., and S. svemapro sp. nov. Species recorded in Fennoscandia for the first time are Bryocrypta angustata Mamaev (previously known from Latvia and European Russia), B. lobata Mamaev (previously Ukraine), Isocolpodia unidentata (Marikovskij) comb. nov. (previously Kazakhstan), Monepidosis duplicis Mamaev (previously Latvia and Far East Russia), and Zaitzeviola dubitabila (Mamaev & Zaitzev) (previously Far East Russia). The morphology of males of the newly recorded species is redescribed. Monepidosis tinnerti Jaschhof & Jaschhof, 2015 syn. nov. is revealed to be a junior synonym of M. duplicis Mamaev, 1998.
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Stephen, Alison M., H. S. Wiggins, H. N. Englyst, T. J. Cole, B. J. Wayman, and J. H. Cummings. "The effect of age, sex and level of intake of dietary fibre from wheat on large-bowel function in thirty healthy subjects." British Journal of Nutrition 56, no. 2 (September 1986): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860116.
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1. To evaluate the effect of age, sex and level of intake on the colonic response to wheat fibre, thirty healthy volunteers aged 17–62 years (nineteen men, eleven women) recruited from a local industry, were divided into four groups and given a controlled diet for two 3-week periods. The diet contained white bread during one period or one of four different amounts of bran-enriched wholemeal bread during the other (30, 60, 110, 170 g/d).2. Wide variation was observed between subjects in stool weight on the basal diet and in response to wheat fibre. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the variation in stool weight was significantly related to sex (t4.0, P <0.001) but not to age, height, weight or energy:fibre intakes on the basal diet. Stool weight in men (162(SE 11) g/d) was approximately double that in women (83(SE 11) g/d). Transit time and stool weight were closely related and the effect of sex on stool weight could be explained entirely by differences in transit.4. Faecal carbohydrate excretion increased with the addition of bran mainly due to increased amounts of cellulose and pentose (arabinose+xylose), whilst digestibility of dietary non-starch polysaccharide fell from 77.6 (SE 2.3)% on the white bread diet to 65.6 (SE 2.4)% with the added bran (t 7.4, P < 0.01, n26).5. Faecal pH was more acid in men than in women and was related to methane production. Methane producers had higher faecal pH than non-producers (7.06 (SE 0.1 1) v. 6.65 (SE O.1)), lower stool weight (g/d; 93 (SE 12) v. 156 (SE 13)) and slower transit times (h; 84.6 (SE 11.7) v. 48.6 (SE 6.6)).6. These studies show that, when on similar diets, women have much lower stool weights and slower transit times than men. Furthermore, within the range of amounts of wheat fibre used in this and other published work, stool weight increases in linear proportion to the dose of fibre added to the diet. Methane excretion in breath is associated in this group of subjects with slow transit time and high faecal pH.
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Soyfer, V., B. Corn, A. Melamud, S. Alani, H. Tempelhof, R. Agai, A. Shmueli, A. Figer, and F. Kovner. "3-D non-coplanar conformal radiotherapy compared to traditional beam arrangements for the adjuvant treatment of gastric cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 15145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.15145.
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15145 Background: The Current standard of adjuvant treatment for gastric cancer following curative resection is concurrent administration of radiation and 5FU-based chemotherapy (INT0116). Radiation fields are often arranged as AP-PA opposed parallel fields with general recommendations for sparing at least two thirds of one kidney. In the current trial we investigated whether a better radiation distribution is achievable with 3-D conformal approaches as opposed to classical AP-PA fields. Methods: Nineteen patients with adenocarcinoma of stomach were treated by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy using a non-coplanar four field arrangement. In each case parallel planning by AP-PA arrangement and four fields “box was carried out and the generated plans were subsequently compared with dose volume histograms (DVH). Adequate coverage of the CTV was the basis for a comparison between other planning parameters. Separate analysis was performed not for right and left kidney but rather for kidneys exposed to higher and lower doses in each patient (since kidney dose is mostly a function of tumor location inside the stomach and respective nodal drainage). Mean dose of irradiation (MD) and percentage of kidney volume receiving radiation over 20 Gy (V20) were registered. Statistical analysis was performed by 2-tailed T-test. Results: The clinical target volume was adequately covered in all three plannings. In the “higher dose” kidneys group all the differences were statistically significant with the benefit of 3-D plan. In the “lower dose” kidneys group MD differences didn’t reach the level of statistical significance, while V20 data showed statistically significant benefit for 3-D plan. These data indicate that even when the mean doses of radiation are similar, 3-D planning can result in better distribution within the organ - thereby reducing the percentage of organ receiving dose above 20 Gy. DVH of spine was significantly better in 3-D planning. The exposure of liver was minimal in AP-PA technique. Conclusion: Noncoplanar 3-D based conformal planning for postoperative radiation therapy of gastric cancer provides the best results regarding kidney and spinal cord exposure with adequate CTV coverage. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Fruchart, Christophe, Josette Briere, Renaud Ciappuccini, Olivier Casasnovas, Herve Tilly, Franck Morschhauser, Catherine Sebban, et al. "Upfront Consolidation Combining Yttrium-90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan and High Dose Therapy with Stem-Cell Transplantation in Poor Risk Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.812.812.
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Abstract Abstract 812 Background: High dose chemotherapy (HDT) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is considered as a relevant option for upfront consolidation in patients with poor risk aggressive lymphomas (Fitoussi, hematologica 2011; 96(8):1136-1143). Adding Y90-Ibritumomab Tiuxetan to BEAM regimen would improve outcomes in relapse or refractory lymphomas. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of standard-dose Y90-Ibritumomab Tiuxetan combined with high-dose BEAM after first line induction treatment in patients under 65 years of age with poor prognosis diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00689169). Methods and Patients: Pathologically proven CD20+ DLBCL patients, 18–65 years of age, with IPI ≥ 2, in CR, CRu or PR according to the IWG 1999 criteria after rituximab-containing induction therapy were included. Patients received Rituximab 250 mg/m2 on d-21, Rituximab 250 mg/m2 followed by Y90-Ibritumomab Tiuxetan 0.4mCi/kg on d-14, BEAM started on d-7 followed by ASCT. FDG-PET scans evaluated using Juweid criteria were performed before transplant in all patients, but were not decisional. Patients were analyzed by immunochemistry for CD10, BCL6, MUM1 and BCL2 expression. End of treatment assessment was done at day 100 (D100). The primary end point was event-free survival (EFS) at 2 years. Results: Seventy five consecutive patients were enrolled from August 2007 to December 2008. Median age was 49 years (19–64) with 7 pts (9%) older than 60 years. The IPI score was 2 in 28 pts (37%) and >2 in 47 pts (63%), bulky disease ≥ 10 cm in 29 pts (39%) and mediastinal involvement in 20 pts (26%). Thirty six patients received 4 (14 pts) or 6 (22 pts) cycles of R-CHOP and 39 had 4 cycles of R-ACVBP as induction treatment. After induction, 63 patients (84%) were in CR or CRu and 12 (16%) were in PR, 21 pts (28%) presented with positive PET. Four pts progressed before they completed the treatment including 2 with positive PET. Median follow-up was 34 months for the 71 patients eligible for analysis. Median time to reach a neutrophil count > 500/μL and platelet count > 20 000/μL was 11 days. Neutropenic fever (100%) and mucositis (78%) occurred in most patients. Other adverse events (AE) were usually mild to moderate in severity. Twenty three AE were reported as serious, mostly infection (n=9). One of them was fatal due to septic shock. The 2-yr EFS and overall survival (OS) was 79% (95% CI: 67–88%) and 83% (95% CI: 70–88%) respectively. Fourteen pts relapsed including 9 before D100. The Overall Response Rate (CR+CRu+PR) was 83%, 59 patients (81%) achieved a CR/CRu, 2 pts were in PR. The 2-year DFS was 91% (95% CI: 80% – 96%). There were no differences in OS (p=0.9) and EFS (p=0.8) between patients in CR/Cru or in PR. Positive PET imaging before transplant did not predict treatment failure. Nineteen pts with positive PET after induction were consolidated with Y90-Ibritumomab Tiuxetan and BEAM, one died of sepsis, 18 achieved a CR/CRu and 3 relapsed at 9, 14 and 20 month. Mediastinal involvement, non-GCB phenotype and high BCL2 expression did not affect outcome. IPI score (2 v >2) and bulky disease at diagnosis appeared to be prognosis factors for OS: 96% v 75% (p = 0.02) and 91% v 70% (p=0.02) respectively, but not for EFS: 2 years EFS 89% v 73% (p = 0.09) and 84% v 70% (p=0.1) respectively. Conclusions: Adding Y90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan to BEAM is safe without an increase in transplant-related toxicity. First line consolidation with Y90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan and HDT induced high rates of EFS and OS in poor prognosis patients with DLBCL irrespectively of PET status after induction treatment and warrants randomized study. Disclosures: Gisselbrecht: roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; baxter: Research Funding.
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Rousselot, Philippe, Jean Michel Cayuela, Sandrine Hayette, Christian Récher, Thibaut Leguay, Celia Salanoubat, Francis Witz, et al. "Dasatinib (Sprycel®) and Low Intensity Chemotherapy for First-Line Treatment In Elderly Patients with De Novo Philadelphia Positive ALL (EWALL-PH-01): Kinetic of Response, Resistance and Prognostic Significance." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.172.172.
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Abstract Abstract 172 Background. Dasatinib (Sprycel®) is a potent inhibitor of BCR-ABL and SRC family kinases. Based on the rapid and clinically meaningful activity observed when dasatinib was used as a single agent a consensus has been reached by the EWALL (European Working Group for Adult ALL) to conduct an international study evaluating the combination of dasatinib and low-intensity chemotherapy in patients with Ph+ ALL aged 55 years or more. Patients and Methods. After a prephase with dexamethasone 10 mg/m2 d-7 to d-3, dasatinib was administered at 140 mg QD (100 mg in patients over 70y) during the induction period in combination with IV injections of vincristine 1 mg and dexamethasone 40 mg 2 days (20 mg over 70y) repeated weekly for 4 weeks. Consolidation cycles consisted of dasatinib 100 mg/d administered sequentially with methotrexate 1000 mg/m2 IV d1 (500 mg/m2 over 70y) and L-asparaginase 10,000 UI/m2 IM d2 (5,000 UI/m2 over 70y) for cycles 1, 3 and 5 and cytarabine 1,000 mg/m2/12h IV d1, d3, d5 (500 mg/m2 over 70y) for cycles 2, 4 and 6. Maintenance phase consisted of dasatinib alternating with 6-MP and methotrexate orally every other month and dexamethasone/vincristine once every 2 months for up to 24 months. Patients were molecularly monitored by a central laboratory for BCR-ABL RTQ-PCR and T315I resistance mutation ASO RTQ-PCR. Results. Seventy one patients were included from August 2007 to study termination in May 2010. Median age was 69.1 years (range: 58–83). Median follow-up was 16.3 months. At diagnosis, the Ph chromosome was associated with other abnormalities (complex, -7, Ph duplication or others) in 64.5% of cases. The CR rate after induction was 90% and 55.7% of the patients achieved a BCR-ABL/ABL ratio ≤0.1% at the time of CR. Failure to achieve CR was mainly related to death (n=5.7%). Serious adverse events (SAEs) during induction were infections (11%), elevated transaminases (7%), hemorrhage (5.6%), renal failure due to tumor lysis syndrome (4.2%) and cardiovascular events (5.6%). Only 2 pleural effusions were observed. During consolidation and maintenance, most frequent SAEs were infections (33.3%). One pleural effusion was observed. Nineteen patients relapsed after a median response duration of 19.2 weeks and 12 of them died. Thirteen patients presented mutations in the BCR-ABL TK domain at relapse (12 T315I, 1 F317L), no mutation was detected in 3 patients and results are pending in 3 patients. T315I ASO RTQ-PCR analysis during follow-up was predictive for relapse. The rise of the T315I signal over 0.1% was always associated with relapse and occurred 1 to 3 months before relapse in 6 of the 12 T315I cases and concomitantly in the 6 remaining patients. Four patients received RIC allogenic stem cell transplantation and were censored at the time of SCT. Median RFS and OS were 22.1 and 27.1 months, respectively. Cytogenetics findings at diagnosis were good predictors for RFS: the median RFS for patients with isolated Ph was not reached while it was 19.2 months in patients with additional cytogenetic abnormalities (p=0.03)). Molecular BCR-ABL transcript level after induction had no effect on RFS. However, a BCR-ABL ratio ≤0.1% after induction and then confirmed during consolidation was significantly associated with a better RFS (5.1 months versus not reached, p=0.006). Conclusions. Dasatinib combined with low-intensity chemotherapy is highly effective in elderly patients with Ph-positive ALL with a 90% CR rate and a 22.1 months RFS. Cytogenetics at diagnosis is a strong predictive factor for RFS. Most relapses were associated with the T315I mutation. Serial monitoring for T315I allowed us to predict for hematological relapse and may offer an opportunity to adapt therapy before relapse. Disclosures: Rousselot: Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding. Off Label Use: Dasatinib as first line therapy in Ph ALL.
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Schey, S. A., P. Fields, J. B. Bartlett, I. A. Clarke, G. Ashan, R. D. Knight, M. Streetly, and A. G. Dalgleish. "Phase I Study of an Immunomodulatory Thalidomide Analog, CC-4047, in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 16 (August 15, 2004): 3269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.10.052.
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Purpose To assess the safety, efficacy, and immunomodulatory effects of CC-4047 (Actimid; Celgene, San Diego, CA) in patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma. Patients and Methods Twenty-four relapsed or refractory patients were treated with a dose-escalating regimen of oral CC-4047. Clinical responses and adverse effects were identified, and peripheral T-cell subsets, serum cytokines, and proangiogenic factors were evaluated. Results CC-4047 was tolerated with no serious nonhematologic adverse events. All patients were eligible for analysis. Toxicity criteria during the initial 4 weeks of study were used to define the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD). During this period, one patient withdrew with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) probably caused by an undiagnosed primary melanoma with lymphadenopathy in the groin, one patient withdrew because of progressive disease (PD), and three patients discontinued with neutropenia. Nineteen of 24 patients continued on treatment beyond 4 weeks to PD or development of a serious adverse event. Three further patients developed a DVT at 4, 9, and 11 months. Treatment resulted in a greater than 25% reduction in paraprotein in 67% of patients, 13 patients (54%) experienced a greater than 50% reduction in paraprotein, and four (17%) of 24 patients entered complete remission. The MTD was 2 mg/d. All patients showed increased CD45RO expression on CD4+ and CD8+ cells, with a concomitant decrease in CD45RA+ cells. CC-4047 treatment was associated with significantly increased serum interleukin (IL)-2 receptor and IL-12 levels, which is consistent with activation of T cells and monocytes and macrophages. Conclusion This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of CC-4047. The MTD of CC-4047 orally was 2 mg/d. This is the first report demonstrating in vivo T-cell costimulation by this class of compound, supporting a potential role for CC-4047 as an immunostimulatory adjuvant treatment.
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Li, Juan, and Lijin Zeng. "The Clinical Study of Combination of Bortezomib and Dexamethasone in Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 5217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.5217.5217.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: To study retrospectively the response and side effects in two groups of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) receiving bortezomib and dexamethasone regimen (VD) and vincristine combined with pirarubicin and dexamethasone and melphalan regimen (VADM). METHODS: Nineteen patients were enrolled in a group of VD, receiving bortezomib 1.3mg/m2 on days 1,4,8,11 and dexamethasone 20mg on days 1–4 in a 21-day cycle. Blade Standard was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect and NCI-CTC was used to assess the adverse effect. Thirty-one matched patients with newly diagnosed MM who received VADM were used as a historical control group, receiving vincristine 0.4mg/d and pirarubicin 9mg•m−2•d−1 and dexamethasone 20mg/d and melphalan 12mg/d on days 1–4, with 28 days as a cycle. RESULTS: During the median 9 months’ follow-up of patients who received VD, there were 73.7% patients(14/19)responding to the treatment, including 9 cases (47.4%) of complete remission or near complete remission. Light-chain type patients who received VD had a higher overall response rate and CR +nCR rate than that of the VADM (P<0.05). The patients receiving VD who had renal inadequacy had an effective rate of 69.6% (5/6), which was similar to that of the others (69.2%, 9/13), and renal function relieve could be shown in the chemotherapy. The main adverse effects were fatigue, diarrhea, peripheral neuropathy, thrombocytopenia, and infection, with incidences of 73.8%, 68.4%, 63.2%, 31.5% and 26.3% respectively. Most of the adverse effects were mild and could be relieved by symptomatic treatments. The most common adverse event in the control group was neutropenia (83.8%), followed by infection(35.5%), vomiting (35.5%) and loss of hair(32.5%). CONCLUSION: Although there was no significant difference of overall response rate between VD and VADM, VD has higher CR +nCR rate compared with VADM. VD can be tolerant in most patients, and is also safe in patients with renal inadequacy.
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Keszthelyi, L. "Origin of the homochirality of biomolecules." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 28, no. 4 (November 1995): 473–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583500003309.
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Molecules built up from a given set of atoms may differ in their three-dimensional structure. They may have one or more asymmetric centres that serve as reference points for the steric distribution of the atoms. Carbon atoms, common to all biomolecules, are often such centres. For example, the Cα atom between the carboxyl and amino groups in amino acids is an asymmetric centre: looking ON ward (i.e. from the carbOxyl to the amiNo group, with the Cα oriented so that it is above the carboxyl and amino groups) the radical characterizing the amino acid may be to the right (D-molecules) or to the left (L-molecules). Nineteen of the 20 amino acids occurring in proteins have such a structure (the exception is glycine, where the radical is a hydrogen atom). These pairs of molecules cannot be brought into coincidence with their own mirror image, as is the situation with our hands. The phenomenon has therefore been named handedness, or chirality, from the Greek word cheir, meaning hand. The two forms of the chiral molecules are called enantiomers or antipodes. They differ in rotating the plane of the polarized light either to the right or to the left. The sense of rotation depends on the wavelength of the measuring light, but at a given wavelength it is always opposite for a pair of enantiomers. Chirality may also occur when achiral molecules form chiral substances during crystallization (for example, quartz forms D-quartz or Lquartz). A detailed theoretical treatment of molecular chirality is given by Barron (1991).
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Iglebekk, Wenche, Carsten Tjell, and Peter Borenstein. "Pain and other symptoms in patients with chronic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2013.06.004.
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AbstractBackground and aimA diagnosis of chronic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is based on brief attacks of rotatory vertigo and concomitant nystagmus elicited by rapid changes in head position relative to gravity. However, the clinical course of BPPV may vary considerably from a self-limiting to a persisting and/or recurrent disabling problem. The authors’ experience is that the most common complaints of patients with chronic BPPV are nautical vertigo or dizziness with other symptoms including neck pain, headache, widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and visual disturbances. Trauma is believed to be the major cause of BPPV in individuals younger than fifty years. Chronic BPPV is associated with high morbidity. Since these patients often suffer from pain and do not have rotatory vertigo, their symptoms are often attributed to other conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between these symptoms and chronic BPPV.MethodsDuring 2010 a consecutive prospective cohort observational study was performed. Diagnostic criteria: (A) BPPV diagnosis confirmed by the following: (1) a specific history of vertigo/dizziness evoked by acceleration/deceleration, (2) nystagmus in the first position of otolith repositioning maneuvers, and (3) appearing and disappearing nystagmus during the repositioning maneuvers; (B) the disorder has persisted for at least six months. (C) Normal MRI of the cerebrum. Exclusion criteria: (A) Any disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), (B) migraine, (C) active Ménière’s disease, and (D) severe eye disorders. Symptom questionnaire (‘yes or no’ answers during a personal interview) and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) were used.ResultsWe included 69 patients (20 males and 49 females) with a median age of 45 years (range 21-68 years). The median duration of the disease was five years and three months. The video-oculography confirmed BPPV in more than one semicircular canal in all patients. In 15% there was a latency of more than 1 min before nystagmus occurred. The Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) median score was 55.5 (score >60 indicates a risk of fall). Seventy-five percent were on 50-100% sick leave. Eighty-one percent had a history of head or neck trauma. Nineteen percent could not recall any history of trauma. In our cohort, nautical vertigo and dizziness (81%) was far more common than rotatory vertigo (20%). The majority of patients (87%) reported pain as a major symptom: neck pain (87%), headache (75%) and widespread pain (40%). Fatigue (85%), visual disturbances (84%), and decreased concentration ability (81%) were the most frequently reported symptoms. In addition, unexpected findings such as involuntary movements of the extremities, face, neck or torso were found during otolith repositioning maneuvers (12%). We describe one case, as an example, how treatment of his BPPV also resolved his chronic, severe pain condition.ConclusionThis observational study demonstrates a likely connection between chronic BPPV and the following symptoms: nautical vertigo/dizziness, neck pain, headache, widespread pain, fatigue, visual disturbances, cognitive dysfunctions, nausea, and tinnitus.ImplicationsPatients with complex pain conditions associated with nautical vertigo and dizziness should be evaluated with the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI)-questionnaire which can identify treatable balance disorders in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
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Shao, Xia, and Kang Du. "Biodegradation of 2-methylisoborneol by enzyme separated from Pseudomonas mandelii." Water Supply 20, no. 6 (May 20, 2020): 2096–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.100.
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Abstract As a kind of odorous substance, 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is difficult to be degraded naturally. Some isolated strains of bacteria can degrade 2-MIB effectively. In this study, a strain of bacteria which can remove 2-MIB from drinking water efficiently was obtained from activated carbon in a filter, and was identified to be Pseudomonas mandelii based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Pseudomonas mandelii was not sensitive to the initial concentration of 2-MIB, and could tolerate a rather high concentration of 2-MIB. The best growth conditions for this degrader were 25–35 °C and initial pH of 7. The concentration of 2-MIB in mineral salt medium was reduced from 2 mg/L to 471.9 μg/L by Pseudomonas mandelii in 20 d after incubation. Nineteen bands of degrading enzyme were isolated from Pseudomonas mandelii, one of which was identified as a NAD-dependent dehydratase. It was found that 2-methyl-2-bornene was the metabolite in the presence of both the Pseudomonas mandelii and the isolated enzymes, indicating that NAD-dependent dehydratase might be involved in the biodegradation process or cooperate with other enzymes in the metabolic process to complete the dehydration process of 2-MIB.
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Li, Yuan, Sheng Guo, Yue Zhu, Hui Yan, Da-wei Qian, Han-qing Wang, Jian-qiang Yu, and Jin-ao Duan. "Flowers of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus as a Novel High Potential By-Product: Phytochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Activity." Molecules 24, no. 3 (January 25, 2019): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030434.
Full textAbstract:
The root of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus is one of the most popular herbal medicines worldwide. In order to increase the yield of underground roots of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, its flowers (AMF) have often been removed in their flowering stage, which produces the flowers as waste being discarded. To explore its phytochemicals and potential value for utilization, the antioxidant activities of extracts from AMF were evaluated by a free radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay. The total phenols and flavonoids, as well as the individual compounds, in different extracts of AMF were also investigated. The results showed that the extract ME obtained from AMF through macroporous resins separation exhibited strong antioxidant activities, which were close to those of positive control BHT. ME was rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, and the contents reached 108.42 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and 265.70 mg rutin equivalents/g, respectively. A total of 31 compounds, including four phenolic acids, nineteen flavonoids, three isoflavones, two pterocarpans, and three saponins, were identified using UPLC-QTOF-MS in ME. Quantitative analysis of sixteen components in the extracts of AMF showed that flavonoids were the predominant constituents, especially for the compounds of hyperoside, rutin, and isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside.
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Primrose, W. J., G. D. L. Smyth, A. G. Kerr, and D. S. Gordon. "Vestibular nerve section and saccus decompression: An evaluation of long-term results." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 100, no. 7 (July 1986): 775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100100076.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe 1972 AAOO committee (Alford, 1972) guidelines brought some uniformity into the evaluation of therapy for Meniere's Disease. We have adhered to its recommendations in this long-term follow-up report of 21 saccus decompressions and 29 vestibular nerve sections performed on 46 patients between 1968 and 1977. Comparisons between these and other groups have been possible with regard to: 1. control of vertigo; 2. hearing; 3. tinnitus; and 4. development of hydrops in the contralateral ear. All the vestibular nerve section group have enjoyed sustained relief from vertigo. Class D results (recurrent vertigo) account for 14 per cent of the saccus decompression group at one year and 29 per cent at eight to 10-year follow-up. Hearing levels in both groups deteriorated in parallel as time progressed but tinnitus became less noticeable. Nineteen per cent of the long-term review patients showed evidence of developing cochlear hydrops in the contralateral ear. Conservative surgical procedures should be employed whilst any useful hearing exists, though the emphasis remains on controlling vertigo. Saccus decompression, despite its controversial therapeutic basis, will remain the first-line surgical procedure for many otologists. However, in the fit young Meniere's cripple or saccus decompression failure with serviceable hearing, vestibular nerve section remains the treatment of choice.
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Simmonds, RE, H. Ireland, G. Kunz, and DA Lane. "Identification of 19 protein S gene mutations in patients with phenotypic protein S deficiency and thrombosis. Protein S Study Group." Blood 88, no. 11 (December 1, 1996): 4195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v88.11.4195.4195.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Protein S is a protein C-dependent and independent inhibitor of the coagulation cascade. Deficiency of protein S is an established risk factor for venous thromboembolism. We have used a strategy of specific amplification of the coding regions and intron/exon boundaries of the active protein S gene (PROS1) and direct single-strand solid phase sequencing, to seek mutations in 35 individuals with phenotypic protein S deficiency. Nineteen point mutations (16 novel) in 19 probands (or relatives of probands) with venous thromboembolism are reported here. Fifteen of the 19 mutations were expected to be causal and included 10 missense mutations (Lys9Glu, Glu26Ala, Gly54Glu, Cys145Tyr, Cys200Ser, Ser283Pro, Gly340Asp, Cys408Ser, Ser460Pro, and Cys625Arg). Three of the 15 mutations resulted in premature stop codons (delete T 635 producing a stop codon at position 126, Lys368stop and Tyr595stop) and two were at intron/exon boundaries (+1 G to A in intron d and +3 A to C in intron j). Of the remaining four mutations, three were within intronic sequence and one was a silent mutation within the coding region and did not alter amino acid composition. In two of the 10 missense mutations, reduced plasma protein S activity compared with antigen level suggested the presence of variant (type II) protein S.