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Eslami, Aida. "Analyse factorielle de données structurées en groupes d'individus : application en biologie." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S091.
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Ce travail concerne les analyses visant à étudier les données où les individus sont structurés en différents groupes (données multi-groupes). La thèse aborde la question des données multi-groupes ayant une structure en un seul tableau, plusieurs tableaux, trois voies et deux blocs (régression). Cette thèse présente plusieurs méthodes d'analyse de données multi-groupes dans le cadre de l'analyse factorielle. Notre travail comporte trois parties. La première partie traite de l'analyse de données multi-groupes (un bloc de variables divisé en sous-groupes d'individus). Le but est soit descriptif (analyse intra-groupes) ou prédictif (analyse discriminante ou analyse inter-groupe). Nous commençons par une description exhaustive des méthodes multi-groupes. En outre, nous proposons deux méthodes : l'Analyse Procrustéenne duale et l'Analyse en Composantes Communes et Poids Spécifiques duale. Nous exposons également de nouvelles propriétés et algorithmes pour l'Analyse en Composantes Principales multi-groupes. La deuxième partie concerne l'analyse multi-blocs et multi-groupes et l'analyse trois voies et multi-groupes. Nous présentons les méthodes existantes. Par ailleurs, nous proposons deux méthodes, l'ACP multi-blocs et multi-groupes et l'ACP multi-blocs et multi-groupes pondérée, vues comme des extensions d'Analyse en Composantes Principales multi-groupes. L'analyse en deux blocs et multi-groupes est prise en compte dans la troisième partie. Tout d'abord, nous présentons des méthodes appropriées pour trouver la relation entre un ensemble de données explicatives et un ensemble de données à expliquer, les deux tableaux présentant une structure de groupe entre les individus. Par la suite, nous proposons quatre méthodes pouvant être vues comme des extensions de la régression PLS au cas multi-groupes, et parmi eux, nous en sélectionnons une et la développons dans une stratégie de régression. Les méthodes proposées sont illustrées sur la base de plusieurs jeux de données réels dans le domaine de la biologie. Toutes les stratégies d'analyse sont programmées sur le logiciel libre R<br>This work deals with multi-group analysis, to study multi-group data where individuals are a priori structured into different groups. The thesis tackles the issue of multi-group data in a multivariate, multi-block, three-way and two-block (regression) setting. It presents several methods of multi-group data analysis in the framework of factorial analysis. It includes three sections. The first section concerns the case of multivariate multi-group data. The aim is either descriptive (within-group analysis) or predictive (discriminant analysis, between-group analysis). We start with a comprehensive review of multi-group methods. Furthermore, we propose two methods namely Dual Generalized Procrustes Analysis and Dual Common Component and Specific Weights Analysis. We also exhibit new properties and algorithms for multi-group Principal Component Analysis. The second section deals with multiblock multi-group and three-way multi-group data analysis. We give a general review of multiblock multi-group methods. In addition, we propose two methods, namely multiblock and multi-group PCA and Weighted-multiblock and multi-group PCA, as extensions of multi-group Principal Component Analysis. The two-block multi-group analysis is taken into account in the third section. Firstly, we give a presentation of appropriate methods to investigate the relationship between an explanatory dataset and a dependent dataset where there is a group structure among individuals. Thereafter, we propose four methods, namely multi-group PLS, in the PLS approach, and among them we select one and develop it into a regression strategy. The proposed methods are illustrated on the basis of several real datasets in the field of biology. All the strategies of analysis are implemented within the framework of R
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Majid, Nazia Abdul. "Investigating the Functions of the NIPBL Protein." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506605.
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Mathieu, Cyrille. "Pathogenèse de l’infection par le virus Nipah." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10287.
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Le virus Nipah (NiV) est un Paramyxovirus zoonotique hautement pathogène, porté par les chauves-souris frugivores, qui a émergé en 1998 en Malaisie. Les épidémies liées à ce virus encéphalitogène continuent de se succéder en Inde et au Bangladesh avec une mortalité pouvant dépasser les 90%. Devant l’absence de traitement et de vaccin, le NiV a été placé parmi les pathogènes de classe 4 requérant le plus haut niveau de biosécurité pour sa manipulation. L’étude des interactions entre le virus et les cellules du sang nous a permis de montrer que le NiV utilise les héparanes sulfates présents sur les leucocytes pour s’accrocher et se disséminer dans l’organisme et atteindre les cellules endothéliales. L’héparine inhibe ce processus ainsi que l’infection in vitro et in vivo mettant en avant une perspective de traitement applicable dans les pays émergents. Par ailleurs, l’analyse transcriptomique des cellules endothéliales infectées par le NiV a révélé l’implication de chimiokines dans la pathogenèse. CXCL10 apparaît en effet comme un marqueur voir une cible dans le cadre du développement de l’encéphalite virale, et l’interféron type 1 comme l’un des facteurs essentiels de la résistance des souris au NiV. Enfin, j’ai montré que la protéine non structurale C du NiV joue un rôle essentiel dans sa virulence, en atténuant la réponse interféron, en perturbant la réponse chimiokine lors de l’infection et en intervenant dans le maintien de la balance génome / antigénome lors du cycle réplicatif viral. Ces résultats permettent une meilleure compréhension de la pathogenèse du NiV et ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives de traitement contre ce virus zoonotique très dangereux pour l’homme<br>Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic Paramyxovirus that emerged in 1998 in Malaysia from frugivorous bats. The outbreaks of this encephalitic virus still occur annually in India and Bangladesh with the mortality rate reaching up to 90%. The lack of an effective vaccine or treatment limits experimentation with live virus to specially equipped BioSafety Level 4 laboratories. Studies of the interaction between the virus and blood cells revealed that NiV uses Heparan sulfates to stick on the surface of leukocytes for its dissemination within the host and reach endothelial cells. Heparin provided de possibility to inhibit this mechanism of transinfection, such as the infection in vitro and in vivo, opening new perspectives of low cost treatment for emerging countries. Then, transcriptomic analysis of NiV infected endothelial cells revealed the importance of cytokine in the pathogenesis. While CXCL10 appears as a good marker of encephalitis, interferon type 1 explains why mice are resistant to the infection with NiV. Finally, we show the essential role of the non structural C protein of NiV in its virulence, by limiting the interferon response, unbalancing the chemokine response during the infection and through the regulation of the genomic/antigenomic balance during the viral replication cycle. These results shed new light on NiV related pathogenesis and open new perspectives of treatment against this highly lethal zoonotic virus
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Vanbiervliet, Élise. "Synthèses originales de polyuréthanes sans isocyanate (NIPUs)." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S142.
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Actuellement, les polyuréthanes (PUs) sont produits industriellement par polyaddition entre un diisocyanate et un polyol. Le caractère fortement sensibilisant des isocyanates, mettent ces composés sous forte pression réglementaire au niveau européen (REACH) et ont créé le besoin d'obtenir des PUs ne provenant pas d'isocyanates, lesquels sont plus communément appelés Non-Isocyanate PolyUréthanes (NIPUs). Les travaux de cette thèse visent ainsi à établir de nouvelles voies d'accès à des NIPUs. Des pré-polymères téléchéliques ont été synthétisés via la réaction de métathèse. Plusieurs groupements terminaux (jusqu'à 16), réagissant à température ambiante avec une amine primaire, ont été greffés avec succès à ces pré-polymères. La réaction avec plusieurs diamines a conduit à la synthèse de nouveaux matériaux NIPUs entièrement caractérisés. Les stratégies de synthèses développées au cours de ces travaux de thèse ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives quant à l'industrialisation de NIPUs<br>Conventional polyurethanes (PUs) involve the use of isocyanates, which are considerably toxic and require phosgene for their manufacture. To tackle environmental issues, it is necessary to elaborate different routes to PUs. In this context, two isocyanate-free strategies towards the preparation of polythiourethanes (PTUs), i.e. non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs), have being developed. The first way involves the synthesis of α,ω-di(dithiocyclocarbonate) telechelic poly(propylene glycol) (bis(5DTCC)-PPG), poly(tetrahydrofurane diglycidyl ether) (bis(5DTCC)-PTG), upon chemical modification of the corresponding α,ω-diepoxide telechelic polymers (PPG, PTG, respectively) through cycloaddition of carbon disulfide. The second approach involves the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), using Grubbs’ 2nd generation ruthenium catalyst, of cycloolefins using 16 differents chain-transfer agents. Bis(5DTCC) telechelic copolyolefins are thus synthesized. Reaction of the end-capping 5DTCC moieties with a diamine by ring-opening polyaddition ultimately affords at room temperature the corresponding NIPTU
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Dobke, Dirk. "Melancholischer Nippes Dieter Roths frühe Objekte und Materialbilder (1960-75) /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://www.sub.uni-hamburg.de/disse/40/inhalt.html.
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Boczkowska, Beata. "Aspects of porcine immunological response to Nipah virus." PLoS One, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30139.
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Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic and zoonotic paramyxovirus in the subfamily Paramyxovirinae, genus Henipavirus. The virus causes outbreaks of severe febrile encephalitis with a high mortality rate in humans, and of encephalitic and respiratory disease but with a low mortality rate in pigs.
The innate immune response has a critical role in limiting viral infection by activating antiviral state and adaptive immune response. As pigs are able to overcome the infection with NiV, the working hypothesis was that IFN induced signaling pathways are not completely inhibited by NiV in infected porcine cells enabling an antiviral state to be established. Indeed, there was no block of eIF2α phosphorylation in porcine fibroblast (ST) and monocytic-like (IPAM) cells, and human fibroblast (MRC5) cells. To address the potential activation of an alternative IFN induced pathway, the MAPK signaling pathways were examined. The findings revealed that NiV infection triggers different kinetics of phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK in the selected cell types. The data also indicates that p38 MAPK to be indispensable for NiV replication in vitro especially in immune cells.
As the involvement of immune cells in viral spread and in immune modulation of porcine adaptive immune response were reported. The next hypothesis stated that NiV infects immune cells and affects the population frequencies of PBMC in pigs. In vitro, productive viral replication was detected in monocytes, CD6+CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells, by recovery of infectious virus, anti-genomic RNA and detection of structural N and non-structural C proteins. B lymphocytes, CD4-CD8-, as well as CD4+CD8- T lymphocytes were not permissive to NiV. In NiV infected piglets, the expansion of the CD4+CD8- T cells early post infection was consistent with a functional humoral response. In contrast, significant drop in CD4+CD8- T cell frequency was observed in piglets which succumbed to the experimental infection, supporting vaccine studies that antibody development is a critical component of protective immune response. Thus, both aspects of innate and adaptive immune response are affected and contribute to NiV pathogenesis. These findings will help researchers to design and establish vaccination programs that would be more effective in pigs.
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Negrete, Oscar Alfredo. "Identification of the Nipah virus receptors insight into the pathogenesis of Henipavirus infection /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1472152061&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Kuo, Yu-i. "Entre le monde céleste et le monde souterrain : Les nipas, femmes chamanes chez les Akha de Chine." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0355.
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Cette thèse est une première approche des femmes chamanes Akha en Chine. Les Akha forment le sous-ensemble le plus importat en nombre de la nationalité Hani, qui est elle même l'une des cinquante-six minorités nationales officiellemnent reconnues en Chine. La fonction "nipa" est en majorité assumée par des femmes, seul possibilité pour elles de figurer parmi les officiants. Dans un milieu où les femmes sont victimes de l'inégalité, les nipas ont longtimps zouffert d'être traitées avec néagligence. Le passage de femme à femme chamane exige trois étapes à franchir à la suite desquelles elles peuvent acquérir un rôle, celui de guérisseuses. Les niaps possèdent leurs propores esprits mîtres. Ce qu'il est possible d'apprendre sur le nombre d'esprits ma^tres et sur chacun : nationalité, caractère, cituation et occasions de leurs rencontres peut éclairer la connaissance même de la nipa. Entre ces deux-là, une relation étroite s'établit, tout comme la réciprocité d'un reflet dans un miroir. Saisies par l'état de transe, ces guérisseuses ont le droit de faire mouvoir leur corps devant le public en toute indépendance dans un style grotesque. Leurs mélodies psalmodiées révèlent la délicatesse dont sont nimbés ces esprits féminins. Mediums entre Ciel et Terre, elles font se rencontrer ces deux mondes disjoints par leur danse accompagnée de chants<br>This thesis is a priliminary approach to the Akha female shaman in China. The Akha constitutes the most important part of the national minority, Hani which is officially recognized as one of the fifty-six minorities in China. The function of Nipa is mostly performed by women and which gives them the only opportunity to participate religious activity. In the society where women are victims of inequalitiy, the Nipa has always been treated negligently. For a woman who wants to become a female shaman, she must go through three steps, and only after those steps can she become a healer. Every Nipa has her own "Spirit Master". Understanding the information about "Spirit Master", such as identity, nationality, character and the encounter situation of Nipa and Spirit master is the way for us to get into the world of Nipa deeper. Between Nipa and her Spirit Master, there is always a solid relationship, like an object and its reflection of mirror. In the state of trance, the Nipa healiers are granted privilege to move their body freely in a grotesque way. The melodies of Nipa reveal a delicacy haloed by feminine spirits. Performing as a medium between Heaven and Twilight, their chants with dance make these two separate zones encounter
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Gruneberg, Keith Nigel. "Abraham, blessing and the nations : a philological and exegetical study of Genesis 12:3 in its narrative context." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3820/.
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The meaning of Genesis 12:3 is much controverted. This study, considering the final form of Genesis, argues that it is in the first place a promise of security and greatness to Abraham and Israel, but that in its context, following Genesis 1-11, it also indicates a divine plan to extend blessing to all the earth's peoples. In receiving God's blessing, Abraham/ Israel act as models and/ or pioneers of blessing for others. God's actions remain free, but also invite appropriate human response. Examination of the near-parallels to Genesis 12:3a in Genesis 27:29b and Numbers 24:9b shows that they are concerned more with the security of the person blessed than with the possibility of others gaining blessing. Detailed discussion of the Hebrew niphal concludes that it normally has either passive or 'middle' force (and is very rarely reflexive). No 'middle' sense found elsewhere for the niphal plausibly fits and hence the niphal in Genesis 12:3 (and 18:18 and 28:14) ispassive: analysis of these passages in their contexts supports this grammatical conclusion. The hithpael in general this study argues to be usually 'middle' in force, though sometimes passive and occasionally reflexive. The hithpael of V"[n2 when used outside Genesis is probably a 'speech action middle', meaning 'utter blessing', and this sense fits Genesis 22:18 and 26:4: this is argued to be compatible with understanding the niphal as a passive. The semantics of are also discussed. 'Blessing' in the Old Testament essentially relates to divine bestowal of prosperity onto humans, though God grants humans in certain circumstances the privilege of invoking his blessing on others. (The sense of also extends to, for example, greeting and to praising God.)
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Dean, Nicola Ruth. "Pigmentation of the nipple-areolar complex and its reconstitution in breast reconstruction." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd282.pdf.
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"December 2002" Errata and additions inside front cover. Author's previous publications appended. Bibliography: leaves 233-254. This thesis describes research to assess the quality of current methods of nipple-areolar reconstruction on women who have undergone mastectomy for breast cancer. Special attention was paid to pigmentation, and the feasibility of producing an engineered pigmented skin substitute that could be used in this clinical context. Therefore, the research falls into three main parts: a clinical study of patients who have undergone breast reconstruction, a histological study of normal areolar skin and a cell culture study. The study describes a method to grow keratinocytes and melanocytes in vitro from adult surgical discard skin from the breast and abdomen.
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Benediktsson, Kristinn P. "Nipple-sparing subcutaneous mastectomy and immediate reconstruction with implants in breast cancer /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-199-9/.
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Rusby, Jennifer E. "A anatomical study of the skin, nipple and areola of the breast." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.595666.
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Background: Although effective local control of breast cancer is the primary goal of surgery, the long term aesthetic outcome is also important. Nipple-sparing mastectomy aims to address this but there is no consensus on its clinical application. The aim of this thesis is to provide a scientific basis for nipple-sparing mastectomy. Methods: Data were derived from a consecutive series of patients who underwent nipple-sacrificing mastectomy. The anatomical work used histological coronal sections through nipple specimens and three-dimensional reconstructions produced from serial sections. Ductal, vascular and smooth muscle anatomy of the nipple and features of the anatomy of the skin were investigated. Anatomical findings were applied to evaluate surgical and pathological approaches. Results: The incidence of occult nipple involvement in a series of women undergoing therapeutic skin-sparing mastectomy (and therefore potentially eligible for nipplesparing) was 21 %. Nipple involvement was associated with larger tumour diameter and smaller distance from the nipple on multivariate analysis. A predictive model was developed. The median number of ducts in a cross section through the nipple papilla was 23. Three dimensional reconstruction of duct anatomy shows a regular pattern of ducts, several of which may originate from common orifice on the nipple surface. Some ducts do originate on the areola rather than the nipple tip. The central duct bundle narrows to fonn a waist. The average duct diameter at the tip was O.06mm. In a three-dimensional reconstruction of the nipple, blood supply appears to arrive both via deep vessels and a more superficial supply. Small vessels are distributed throughout the nipple cross section. Ex vivo experiments demonstrated opportunities for modification of surgical and pathological technique. Conclusions: This work adds to current knowledge about nipple-sparing mastectomy_ In the therapeutic setting, the risk of occult involvement of the nipple can be predicted. Anatomical findings delineating duct - vascular inter-relationships help inform decisions about surgical technique.
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Guenzel, Carolin Alexandra. "The Characterization of Nipah Virus V and W proteins." kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2009/3762/.
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Unver, Alper. "Plasma Induced Solid State Polymerization Of N-isopropylacrylamide (nipam)." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609242/index.pdf.
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Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is a smart polymer exhibiting an inverse temperature-solubility relationship with a sharp transition at 32°<br>C in its aqueous solution. Due to its reversible thermo-responsive phase transition behavior at around body temperature, PNIPAM promise a potential for a variety of novel applications especially in biotechnology and medicine.
PNIPAM can be produced by conventional polymerization methods, as well as by use of ionizing radiation, primarily by gamma which leads mainly to a residual-free crosslinked polymer. In this study, RF plasma (glow discharge) technique is used as a novel synthesis method in solid state leading to higher proportions of linear polymer. Since plasma method is an additive-/initiator-free process, a residual-free polymer is expected.
To obtain a better understanding of the plasma induced solid state polymerization mechanism of NIPAM, X-ray data are used. It is found that crystalline structures of Acrylamide (AAm) and NIPAM are isomorphous. Plasma and post plasma aging effects on crystalline structure of NIPAM are followed.
From the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) investigations it is observed that post plasma polymerization of NIPAM in solid state proceed by radicalic mechanism. After determination of temperature range in which the radical formed by plasma treatment of NIPAM is highly stable, decay kinetics of the propagating radical in solid state after plasma treatment has been studied in detail.
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Tsang, Hiu Tung Hilda. "The molecular pathology of NIPA1 associated hereditary spastic paraplegia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611474.
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Duffy, Elizabeth P. "The effect of a prenatal teaching intervention on postpartum nipple pain and trauma." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1996. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/933.
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The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate whether a prenatal teaching intervention on position and attachment of the baby on the breast had any effect on postpartum nipple pain and trauma, and breastfeeding rates at six weeks. Many mothers who Initiate breastfeeding, discontinue because they experience nipple pain and trauma. Correct position and attachment of the baby on the breast for feeding Is paramount in preventing these problems. Using Orem's supportive-educative nursing system, i was hypothesised that the teaching Intervention would result in significantly less nipple pain and trauma, and would Increase breastfeeding rates at six weeks. The teaching in this intervention was given by a qualified midwife, who was also a lactation consultant, and who was not involved In any date collection. Seventy primiparae at a suburban hospital In Perth, Western Australia were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 36), who received the teaching Intervention as well as the usual prenatal education, or the control group (n=35) who received the usual prenatal education. During the first four postpartum days the LATCH Instrument was used to measure position and attachment of the baby on the breast; the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) measured nipple pain, and tho Nipple Trauma Severity Index (NTSI) was developed to measure nipple trauma. A questionnaire measured demographic data, breastfeeding progress and breastfeeding rates at six weeks postpartum. The researcher was observer blind to group allocation unlit all observations were completed on day four postpartum. A significance level of 0.05 was set for all statistical procedures. There was no difference between groups for other variables which have the potential to influence breastfeeding success. All hypotheses were supported. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant difference between groups, with the experimental group having less nipple pain and trauma. Breastfeeding rates were analysed by Chi-Square (y²) and showed 92% of mothers in the experimental group and 29% In the control group still breastfeeding at six weeks postpartum. The findings of this study will have Implications for health professionals educating mothers on breastfeeding. It is anticipated that such an intervention has the potential to increase breastfeeding rates and encourage the continuation of breastfeeding up to at least six weeks postpartum.
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Harrison, Rebecca. "Glycobiology of the Nipah virus and dystroglycanopathies : Mass spectrometric studies." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535013.
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Levroney, III Ernest Lee. "The glycobiology of the Nipah virus fusion and attachment proteins." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1188874701&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Beltrandi, Matilde. "Characterization of the intrinsically disordered and multimerization regions of the Henipavirus P proteins." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4115.
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Le objectif de ma thèse était la caractérisation moléculaire de la P des virus Nipah et Hendra (BL4) du genre Henipavirus. Le génome est encapsidé par la N qui sert de substrat pour la transcription et la réplication. La polymérase est composée par la L e son cofacteur la P. La P est composée d’un domaine N-terminal (PNT) désordonné et un domaine C-terminal (PCT) constitué d’une alternance de régions désordonnés et ordonnés (PMD domaine de multimerization). J'ai étudié PMD, PCT et PNT utilisant le «cross-linking», le CD, le SAXS, la RMN et la modélisation moléculaire. J'ai montré que le PMD du Hendra et Nipah sont un coiled-coil triméreric. La région PCT, est également un trimère en solution. Les protéines P des henipavirus constituent à ce jour le seul exemple de protéines P paramyxovirales ayant une organisation trimérique. En utilisant le SAXS, j'ai obtenu une description de Hendra PNT en tant qu’ensemble conformationnel. J'ai entrepris la caractérisation de la PNT par RMN. J’ai divisée la PNT avec l’approche divide et impera (PNT1,2,3,4). J’ai pu réaliser des expériences permettant l’attribution de PNT1, et j’ai également effectué des mesures de relaxation (R1, R2 et NOE) sur les fragments PNT1, PNT2 et PNT3. Les résultats issus des travaux effectués ont ouvert la voie vers l’obtention d’une description atomistique de la PNT en tant qu'ensemble conformationnel. Ces informations avec les informations structurales que j’ai sur PCT, PMD et XD, devraient conduire à une description atomistique de la P entière en tant qu’ensemble conformationnel. Ces informations structurales détaillées constitueront aussi un socle pour des approches antivirales rationnelles<br>The objective of my PhD project was the molecular characterization of the P protein from the Nipah and Hendra viruses (BL4) belonging to the Henipavirus genus. The genome is encapsidated by the N that is the substrate for transcription and replication. The polymerase is made up the L and its cofactor the P. The P protein consists of an intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain (PNT), and a C-terminal domain (PCT) made of alternating disordered and ordered domain (PMD or P multimerization domain). I investigated the PMD, PCT and PNT regions, using cross-linking, AUC, CD, SAXS, NMR and molecular modeling. I showed that Hendra and Nipah PMD are a trimeric coiled-coil in solution. The Henipavirus proteins constitute so far the unique examples of a trimeric organization in paramyxoviral P proteins. The PCT is a trimer as well. Using SAXS, I obtained an ensemble description of PNT. To obtain site-specific information that improve SAXS-based models, I undertook the characterization of Hendra PNT by NMR. The latter was divided using the “divide et impera” approach to get four fragments (PNT1,2,3,4). Experiments for the assignment have been performed for PNT1. R1, R2 and NOE were carried out on PNT1,2,3. Altogether the results laid the basis for achieving an atomic-resolution conformational ensemble description of Hendra PNT. This information, combined with structural information that I collected on PCT, PMD and XD, is expected to lead an atomistic ensemble description of the full-length P, which would represent the first, such a description of a paramyxoviral P protein. This detailed structural information will also constitute an asset for rational antiviral approaches
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Dutta, Priyanka. "Computational Modeling of Allosteric Stimulation of Nipah Virus Host Binding Protein." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6227.
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Nipah belongs to the family of paramyxoviruses that cause numerous fatal diseases in humans and farm animals. There are no FDA approved drugs for Nipah or any of the paramyxoviruses. Designing antiviral therapies that are more resistant to viral mutations require understanding of molecular details underlying infection. This dissertation focuses on obtaining molecular insights into the very first step of infection by Nipah. Such details, in fact, remain unknown for all paramyxoviruses. Infection begins with the allosteric stimulation of Nipah virus host binding protein by host cell receptors. Understanding molecular details of this stimulation process have been challenging mainly because, just as in many eukaryotic proteins, including GPCRs, PDZ domains and T-cell receptors, host receptors induce only minor structural changes (< 2 Å) and, consequently, thermal fluctuations or dynamics play a key role. This work utilizes a powerful molecular dynamics based approach, which yields information on both structure and dynamics, laying the foundation for its future applications to other paramyxoviruses. It proposes a new model for the initial phase of stimulation of Nipah’s host binding protein, and in general, highlights that (a) interfacial waters can play a crucial role in the inception and propagation of allosteric signals; (b) extensive inter-domain rearrangements can be triggered by minor changes in the structures of individual domains; and (c) mutations in dynamically stimulated proteins can induce non-local changes that spread across entire domains.
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Muluneh, Melaku. "Soft Colloids from p(NIPAm-co-AAc): Packing Dynamics and Structure." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10454.
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Traditionally, the experimental model of choice for studying the structure and dynamics of glasses or crystals are hard-sphere colloids. An analogy with molecular or atomic materials is often drawn, in which each colloidal particle represents an atom or a molecule. Making the individual particles deformable allows an even wider range of phenomena to be observed. In this thesis, I report the three-dimensional confocal microscopic study of the structure and dynamics of aqueous suspensions of fluorescently labeled poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)-co-(Acrylic Acid), or p(NIPAm-co-AAc), microgel particles of hydrodynamic diameter 1.0 - 1.5 μm. Image analysis techniques and particle tracking algorithms are used to quantify the particle dynamics and the suspension structure. The phase behavior of the suspensions is dependent on a number of factors including pH, temperature, and concentration. By adjusting the pH, the interactions between the microgel particles can be tuned from purely repulsive near neutral pH, to weakly attractive at low pH. At low pH and low concentration, dynamic arrest results mainly from crystallization driven by the attraction between particles; crystal nucleation occurs homogeneously throughout the sample. The dynamics is nucleation limited where fast crystallization follows a delay time. At low pH and high concentration, relaxation of the suspension is constrained and it evolves only slightly to form disordered solid. At neutral pH, the dynamics are a function of the particle number concentration only; a high concentration leads to the formation of a disordered soft glassy solid. Additionally, the three-dimensional image stacks are studied to determine crystal structure by calculating pair correlation functions, g(r), bond order parameters, and structure factors, s(q). The results show that crystal structure is independent of concentration, charge, size, and stiffness of particles remaining FCC under all conditions. At low concentrations and low pH, the structures formed are polycrystalline solids. Moreover, the ability of the particles to compress enables the suspensions to maintain their crystal structure when subjected to external stress. The results help us better understand the relationship between dynamics and structure in soft colloidal suspensions, enhance our ability to use the colloids to model materials, and improve applications of the colloids in industrial products.<br>Physics
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Chan, Mine Emeric. "La protéine C du virus Nipah : mécanismes d'expression et implications virales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0002.
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Le virus Nipah (NiV) est un virus à ARN à polarité négative non segmenté appartenant à la famille des Paramyxoviridae. Le génome de NiV ne comporte que 6 gènes, mais code pour 9 protéines différentes. Plusieurs protéines sont exprimées à partir du gène P dont la phosphoprotéine P et la protéine C. La protéine C est exprimée à partir d'un cadre de lecture ouvert alternatif par un mécanisme du balayage fuyant ribosomique. La protéine C joue un rôle encore mal compris dans la réplication virale. Pour étudier sa fonction, de nombreuses recherches ont été réalisées en caractérisant un virus recombinant déficient dans l’expression de C (rNiV CKO) où les codons initiateurs de C ont été supprimés, sans toutefois altérer les autres cadres de lecture des protéines issues du gène P. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que l’absence du site d’initiation de la traduction de C n’empêche pas le mécanisme de balayage ribosomal déficient mais que ces mutations entraînent une désorganisation de l’expression des protéines exprimées à partir du gène P. Nous avons confirmé cette hypothèse en démontrant que le virus rNiV CKO, exprime des formes tronquées des protéines C et P, nommées C’ et P’ respectivement. Par ailleurs, notre évaluation comparative des virus rNiV CKO et NiV sauvage (WT) a révélé que le rNiV CKO produit des particules virales moins infectieuses supposant ainsi un impact des protéines C, C’ et P’ sur la réplication virale. Nous avons développé un système de minigénome NiV et étudié l’effet de ces protéines sur l’activité de la polymérase virale de ce système. C et C' ont montré une régulation négative de l'activité de la polymérase, avec une régulation plus marquée par C'. De plus, nous avons observé des différences de localisation cellulaire entre C et C', cette dernière se localisant dans les corps d'inclusion en présence de protéines virales impliquées dans la synthèse de l'ARN. Concernant la protéine P’, bien qu'elle ait perdu sa fonction principale de liaison aux nucléoprotéines monomériques, aucun effet dominant négatif n'a été observé sur l'activité de la polymérase NiV. De surcroît, un mélange de P’ et de P dépourvues de leur domaine C-terminal Px peut efficacement substituer la P sauvage dans le système de minigénome, offrant ainsi de nouvelles clés de compréhension sur le mécanisme de réplication du NiV. En conclusion, nos résultats suggèrent que l'organisation de l'expression du gène P est complexe, notamment en raison de deux exigences interdépendantes : la synthèse de C dépend d'une initiation faible de la traduction de P, et l’initiation de la traduction de la protéine C est nécessaire pour prévenir une expression potentiellement aberrante de formes tronquées de C et de P<br>The Nipah virus (NiV) is a non-segmented negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. The NiV genome contains only 6 genes but codes for 9 different proteins. Several proteins are expressed from the P gene, including the phosphoprotein P and the C protein. The C protein, expressed from an alternative open reading frame through a ribosomal leaky scanning mechanism, plays a yet poorly understood role in viral replication. To study its function, numerous studies have been conducted on a recombinant NiV deficient in C expression (rNiV CKO), where the initiator codons of C have been removed, without altering other reading frames of the proteins derived from the P gene. We hypothesized that the absence of the C translation initiation site does not prevent the ribosomal leaky scanning mechanism but that these mutations lead to a disorganization of the expression of proteins derived from the P gene. We confirmed this hypothesis by demonstrating that rNiV CKO expresses truncated forms of the C and P proteins, named respectively C’ and P’. Furthermore, our comparative evaluation of rNiV CKO and wild-type NiV (WT) revealed that rNiV CKO produces less infectious viral particles, which directed our research towards the impact of C, C', and P' proteins on viral replication. We developed a NiV minigenome system and studied the effect of these proteins on the viral polymerase activity in this system. C and C' showed negative regulation of polymerase activity, with a more pronounced regulation by C'. Additionally, we observed differences in cellular localization between C and C', with the latter localizing in inclusion bodies in the presence of viral proteins involved in RNA synthesis. Regarding the P' protein, although it lost its primary function of binding to monomeric nucleoproteins, no dominant negative effect was observed on NiV polymerase activity. Moreover, a mixture of P’ and P lacking their C-terminal Px domain can effectively substitute for wild-type P in the minigenome system, providing new insights into the NiV replication mechanism. In conclusion, our results collectively suggest that the organization of P gene expression is complex, likely due to two interdependent requirements: the synthesis of C depends on weak initiation of P translation, and the translation initiation of C protein is necessary to prevent potentially aberrant expression of truncated forms of C and P
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Civil, Blanc Edna. "Évaluation économique des systèmes agroforestiers en Haïti : étude de cas de Petite Rivière de Nippes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24636/24636.pdf.
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Chede, Sneha A. "Fouling Control Using Temperature Responsive Membranes composed of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1449426051.
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Xu, Weizhen. "The cohesin protein NIPBL recruits histone deacetylases to mediate local chromatin modifications." Lübeck Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2010. http://d-nb.info/99943571X/34.
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Kairytė, Ieva. "Monokloninių antikūnų prieš Hendra ir Nipah virusų nukleokapsidės baltymus gavimas ir charakterizavimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080625_122938-82635.
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Šio darbo tikslas buvo gauti monokloninius antikūnus prieš Hendra ir Nipah virusų nukleokapsidės baltymus. Dėl didelės Henipavirus genties virusų nukleokapsidės baltym�� homologijos sunku gauti monokloninius antikūnus, specifiškus konkretaus viruso nukleokapsidės baltymui. Siekiant išspręsti šią problemą, buvo panaudoti chimeriniai rekombinantiniai baltymai, sukonstruoti pelės poliomos viruso pagrindinio kapsidės baltymo VP1 pagrindu, į kurį buvo įterptos nehomologiškos Nipah ir Hendra virusų nukleokapsidės baltymų sekos. Imunizacijoms panaudojus tokius chimerinius baltymus, buvo nustatyta, kad jie sukelia stiprų imuninį atsaką. Buvo sukurti nauji monokloniniai antikūnai, specifiški tik Nipah viruso nukleokapsidės baltymui ir nereaguojantys su Hendra viruso nukleokapsidės baltymu. Taip pat buvo sukurti monokloniniai antikūnai prieš baltymą-nešiklį – pelės poliomos viruso pagrindinį kapsidės baltymą VP1. Naujai sukurtų antikūnų specifiškumas buvo patvirtintas imunofermentinės analizės ir imunoblotingo metodais. Monokloninių antikūnų prieš Hendra viruso nukleokapsidės baltymą gauti nepavyko.<br>The aim of this study was to generate monoclonal antibodies against Hendra and Nipah virus nucleocapsid proteins. There is high homology between nucleocapsid proteins of Henipavirus genus members, therefore it is difficult to generate monoclonal antibodies that do not show any cross-reactivity with both antigens. This problem was solved by using recombinant chimeric proteins designed by insertion of non-homological segments of Hendra and Nipah virus nucleocapsid proteins into the mouse polyomavirus capsid protein VP1. Mice were immunized with these chimeric proteins and it was determined that they induce a strong immune response. Monoclonal antibodies against Nipah virus nucleocapsid protein as well as carrier protein – mouse polyomavirus capsid protein VP1 – were generated. The specificities of newly developed monoclonal antibodies were confirmed by ELISA and immunoblot. The generation of specific monoclonal antibodies against Hendra virus nucleocapsid protein failed.
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Aborode, A. T., A. A. Wireko, A. Mehta, et al. "Concern over Nipah virus cases amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in India." Thesis, Willey, 2022. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/87807.
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Nipah virus, a member of the paramyxoviridae family, is classified as a“virus of concern” by the World Health Organization (WHO).1,2 Nipahvirus is usually reported in Southeast Asia due to the geographicalprevalence of its natural host, thePteropusfruit bat.1,3It is a zoonoticinfection transmitted by direct contact with infected animals or viabodily secretions such as bat blood, saliva, and urine. The virus alsodemonstrates human–human transmission.4Nipah virus infectiongenerally affects the central nervous system in human hosts, causinginflammation of brain parenchyma (encephalitis) and can also causerespiratory symptoms.3Initial symptoms include fever, headache, later progressing to drowsiness, altered mental status, coma, andeven death.5As reported by Kenmoe et al. Nipah virus encephalitishas a pooled case fatality rate of 61%.6The current managementincludes symptomatic treatment due to lack of specific pharmaco-logical treatment for Nipah virus.
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Özyürek, Zeynep. "Thermoresponsive Glycopolymers via Controlled Radical Polymerization (RAFT) for Biomolecular Recognition." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1190291104620-73670.
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Stimuli responsive polymers (SRP) have attracted a lot of attention, due to their potential and promising applications in many fields, as protein-ligand recognition, on-off switches for modulated drug delivery or artificial organs. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is one of the most widely studied polymers due to its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at ~ 32° C in aqueous solution. Additionally, glycopolymers, where free sugar units are present, have potentially interesting applications especially in bio-recognition where sugars play an important role. In this work, our interest was focused on the synthesis of glycomonomers and its block- and random- copolymers with NIPAM. NIPAM homopolymers with an active chain transfer unit at the chain end could be prepared by RAFT. They were used as macro-chain transfer agents to prepare a variety of sugar containing responsive block copolymers from new glycomonomers by the monomer addition concept. The LCSTs of the aqueous solutions of the copolymers are affected strongly by the comonomer content, spacer chain length of the glycomonomer and the chain architecture of the copolymers. These polymers were coated on a solid substrate by spin coating and crosslinked by plasma immobilization. Characterization of the polymers was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), ultraviolet (UV), dynamic light scattering (DLS, detection of aggregation behaviour) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Polymer films were investigated by ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) regarding their surface properties. Afterwards sulfation of sugar – OH groups was performed in order to obtain heparin like structure, as heparin exhibits numerous important biological activities, like good interaction with diverse proteins. Finally, affinity of the polymers (sulfated and non sulfated form) on a solid support to the endothelial cells was investigated.
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Devisetti, Suresh K. "Pressure Distribution and Transfer in Rolling Nips." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DevisettiSK2004.pdf.
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Banton, Nicole E. "Nipple matters a Black feminist analysis of the politics of infant feeding among African-American mothers /." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/39/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2009.<br>Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed July 20, 2010) Wendy Simonds, committee chair; Dawn Baunach, Denise Donnelly, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 146-147).
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Banton, Nicole Elaine. "Nipple Matters: A Black Feminist Analysis of the Politics of Infant Feeding among African American Mothers." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/39.
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During this unique moment of feminist inquiry wherein breastfeeding has been a focal point of interdisciplinary research, little sociological scholarship has been presented which has centered on the various meanings that African American mothers, as a diverse group, attach to their experiences with breastfeeding and/or infant formula use. While patterns of behavior have been explored in a cross-racial context, most social science studies have not focused on how the choice between breastfeeding, using infant formula, or using a combination of the two has impacted (or has been shaped by) African American mothers’ constructs of self, motherhood/mothering, their birth experiences, and their sexuality. In order to understand the interplay of the decision-making process and these constructs, I conducted a qualitative study in which I participated in face-to-face interviews with a diverse group of thirty African-American mothers. They ranged in age from 18 years-old to 50-years-old. At the time of her interview, each mother had at least one child who was three-years-old or younger. Through our discussions, we explored how pre-pregnancy perceptions, lived experiences as a mother, familial influences, and the discourses surrounding motherhood within an African-American context affected the perceptions and experiences that the mothers in the study had with their infant feeding practice(s). Findings suggest that while African Americans mothers know that “breast is best,” that knowledge is not the only reason for their decisions. The first step in understanding why African-American mothers choose the feeding method(s) that they choose is embracing the reality that choosing is an ongoing and dynamic process which is often informed by what she does versus “is supposed to do” versus how she is portrayed weighed with the consequences of her choice(s) for herself and her family. Further, African American mothers are in the active process of negotiating an evolving definition of themselves within this post-Civil Rights, Affirmative Action context wherein choices appear abundant, but the choosing always comes with a price.
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Dahlström, Kajsa. "Fria bröst - progressivt eller provokativt? : En kvalitativ frameanalys av feministiska attityder gentemot ”free the nipple” rörelsen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352744.
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Alexander, Joanne Mary. "The prevalence and management of inverted and non-protractile nipples in antenatal women who intend to breastfeed." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/421963/.
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Offutt, Carlos. "The cellular and hormonal control of morphogenesis and expansion of the specialized epidermis of the murine nipple." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3342190.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Medical Sciences, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Oct. 6, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: B, page: 0789. Adviser: John Foley.
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Habchi, Johnny. "Flexibilité au sein de la nucléoprotéine et de la phosphoprotéine des Paramyxovirus : prédiction, caractérisation expérimentale et repliement induit." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4091.
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Les virus Nipah (NiV) et Hendra (HeV) appartiennent au genre Henipavirus au sein de la famille des Paramyxoviridae. Cette famille comporte de nombreux pathogènes tel que le virus de la rougeole (MeV). Les paramyxovirus possèdent un génome de type ARN simple brin encapsidé par la nucléoprotéine (N) au sein d'une nucléocapside hélicoïdale. N interagit avec la phosphoprotéine (P) et cette dernière recrute la polymérase (L) qui assure la transcription et la réplication du génome viral. L'objectif de mon projet de thèse était de caractériser les protéines N et P ainsi que les interactions qui existent entre elles chez les trois virus, NiV, HeV et MeV. A la différence du MeV, qui a été intensivement étudié au cours des dernières années, les données moléculaires et structurales sur les Henipavirus étaient très limitées. A l'aide d'analyses computationnelles, nous avons pu déchiffrer l'organisation modulaire de N et de P, et nous avons montré que les régions, C-terminale de N (NTAIL) et N-terminale de P (PNT), sont prédites comme intrinsèquement désordonnées (RIDs). Les RIDs sont des régions fonctionnelles dépourvues de structures secondaires et tertiaires stables dans des conditions physiologiques. En utilisant des approches biochimiques et biophysiques, nous avons confirmé que NTAIL et PNT sont désordonnées. Elles conservent toutefois des structures secondaires transitoires qui pourraient correspondre à des éléments de reconnaissance moléculaire (ou MoREs) impliqués dans de transitions structurales en présence d'un partenaire<br>The Paramyxoviridae family includes many important human and animal pathogens, such as measles virus (MeV), a morbillivirus, and the emerging Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses, members of the Henipavirus genus. Paramyxoviruses possess a negative-strand RNA genome that is encapsidated by the nucleoprotein (N) into a helical nucleocapsid. N interacts with the phosphoprotein (P), and this latter recruits the polymerase that ensures genome replication and transcription. My PhD project has mainly focused on the characterization of the N and P proteins and on the interactions between these two proteins from the three cognate viruses, namely NiV, HeV and MeV. While MeV has been extensively studied through the past years, structural and molecular information on Henipavirus N and P proteins were rather scarce. Using computational analyses, we deciphered the modular organization of Henipavirus N and P. Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) were predicted within these proteins, notably at the C-terminus of N (referred to as NTAIL), and at the N-terminus of P (referred to as PNT). IDRs are functional despite they lack of a well-defined 3-D structure under physiological conditions. Biochemical and biophysical approaches pointed out a mostly disordered state for both NTAIL and PNT, although they were shown to contain short-order prone segments (i.e. molecular recognition elements, MoREs). These latter are involved in partner recognition and in disorder-to-order transitions. The C-terminal domains of the P proteins (referred to as PXD) were found to bind to NTAIL and to induce an α-helical transition thereof
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Aurine, Noémie. "Etude de l'interaction entre le virus Nipah et son hôte réservoir la chauve-souris frugivore : établissement du modèle expérimental." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN019.
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Le virus Nipah (NiV) est un virus hautement pathogène responsable d’encéphalites et de syndromes respiratoires sévères chez l’humain. Les chauves-souris appartenant au genre Pteropus sont le réservoir naturel du NiV et ne développent pas de symptômes cliniques d’infection. Comprendre les relations entre l’hôte réservoir et le pathogène requiert la disponibilité de modèles pertinents pour l’étude des interactions. Les études portent à la fois sur le virus et son hôte. Ainsi, nous avons caractérisé phylogénétiquement la souche cambodgienne du NiV isolée de chauves-souris Pteropus et nous l’avons comparée avec les souches isolées chez l’homme. De plus, en absence du génome de référence pour l’espèce de chauve-souris Pteropus giganteus, nous avons séquencé et assemblé le génome de cette espèce, hôte réservoir de la souche NiV-Bangladesh, qui est en circulation actuellement. Enfin, afin d’obtenir des phénotypes cellulaires plus pertinents que des cellules immortalisées pour l’étude des interactions entre le NiV et les chauves-souris du genre Pteropus – les seules disponibles actuellement - nous avons utilisé la reprogrammation somatique sur des cellules primaires de chauve-souris Pteropus. Cette technique permet d’obtenir des cellules souches présentant la capacité d’autorenouvellement et de différenciation. En utilisant une combinaison originale de trois facteurs de transcription, nous avons généré les premières cellules reprogrammées de chauves-souris Pteropus exprimant des caractéristiques de cellules souches. Nous avons démontré que ces cellules sont très susceptibles à l’infection par le NiV mais incapables de produire de l’interféron et d’activer les cascades de signalisations antivirales en réponse à une stimulation avec de l’ARN double brin, contrairement aux cellules primaires. Le développement de ce modèle original ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour l’étude des interactions entre l’hôte réservoir et le pathogène et pour l’identification de facteurs contrôlant la susceptibilité à l’infection par le NiV, et potentiellement par d’autres virus hébergés par des chauves-souris<br>Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic virus that causes encephalitis and severe respiratory syndromes in humans. Pteropus bats are the reservoir of NiV and do not show any clinical symptoms. In order to understand the host reservoir - pathogen interactions, the relevant models are needed. Such studies focus on both the virus and its host. A phylogenetically characterization of the NiV Cambodian strain obtained from Pteropus bats was performed and this virus was compared with human ones. In addition, we sequenced and assembled the genome of Pteropus giganteus bat, the natural host of the NiV-Bangladesh strain, which is currently circulating. Up to date, most studies have used immortalized primary cells that are not natural target of the virus. In order to get reprogrammed stem cells, a somatic reprogramming approach was applied to various Pteropus primary cells. The reprogrammed cells are capable of self-renew and differente in different cell lineages. Using an original mix of transcription factors, we derived reprogrammed cells exhibiting stem cells features. We demonstrated the high susceptibly of these cells to henipavirus infections compared with the very low level of infection of the initial primary cells. Generated bat reprogrammed cells do not induce interferon production and signalisation in response to dsRNA. The development of this original model opens new perspectives on virus-host interaction studies, especially that of cellular anti-viral response by identifying factors controlling either susceptibility or restriction to the NiV infection, and possibly other viruses hosted by bats
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Boudaoud, Imène. "NIPBL et le complexe cohésine lient l'organisation 3D des gènes à la régulation transcriptionnelle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28379.
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En réponse à des signaux environnementaux, la cellule module son programme transcriptionnel afin de mener à une expression spatio-temporelle adéquate des gènes. L’orchestration d’une telle adaptation repose entre autres sur la séquence primaire du génome, son organisation au sein de la chromatine, ainsi que sa structure tridimensionnelle au sein du noyau. De plus, de nombreux régulateurs permettent d’intégrer ces différents niveaux de régulation afin de contrôler l’activité de l’ARN polymérase II. Dans ce contexte, le complexe cohésine et son facteur de charge sur l’ADN, NIPBL, jouent un rôle clé dans l’interconnexion fonctionnelle entre l’organisation 3D du génome et la transcription. En effet, ces facteurs modulent l’activation de la transcription en rapprochant des régions enhancers de promoteurs et participent à la formation de domaines d’interactions chromosomiques. Par ailleurs, des mutations de NIPBL et du complexe cohésine sont associées au Syndrome de Cornelia de Lange (CdLS), une pathologie caractérisée par une altération de l’expression des gènes. Toutefois, les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la régulation de la transcription par NIPBL et cohésine sont encore méconnus. L’objectif général de mon projet de doctorat est de définir le rôle de NIPBL et du complexe cohésine dans la régulation du lien entre la topologie du génome et le contrôle de l’expression des gènes. Dans un premier temps, nous montrons que les gènes dérégulés dans le CdLS sont préférentiellement organisés au sein de communautés de gènes, des structures formées par des interactions d’éléments régulateurs non codants ainsi que de gènes dans l’espace chromosomique tridimensionnel. Au sein de cette organisation, les gènes affectés par des mutations de NIPBL ou de la sous-unité SMC1A du complexe cohésine sont retrouvés positionnés à portée de régions occupées par cohésine et NIPBL et interagissent par l’intermédiaire de contacts promoteur-promoteur. Dans un second temps, nous présentons des données suggérant un rôle de cohésine dans la régulation de l’initiation de la transcription et un rôle de NIPBL dans le contrôle de la relâche de la pause. Enfin, nous apportons des évidences d’une fonction de NIPBL et cohésine dans la régulation du niveau basal et de l’activation des gènes dont l’expression est stimulée par des hormones. Dans leur ensemble, ces travaux contribuent à l’amélioration des connaissances sur la contribution de l’architecture des chromosomes aux mécanismes généraux de la régulation de la transcription.<br>In response to environmental signals, the cell modulates its transcriptional program in order to carry out appropriate spatiotemporal gene expression. The orchestration of this adaptation relies on the primary sequence of the genome, its organization into chromatin, and its tridimensional structure inside the nucleus. Moreover, multiple regulators integrate these different regulation levels in order to control the activity of RNA polymerase II. In this context, the cohesin complex and its DNA loader, NIPBL, play a pivotal role in the functional interconnection between the 3D organization of the genome and transcription. Indeed, these factors modulate the activation of transcription by bringing enhancers and promoters into close proximity and participate in the formation of chromosome interaction domains. Moreover, mutations in NIPBL and the cohesin complex are associated with the Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), a pathology characterized by gene expression changes. However, the exact molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of transcription by NIPBL and cohesin are still not understood. The general aim of my doctoral research is to define the role of the cohesin complex and NIPBL in the regulation of the connection between genome topology and gene expression control. First, we show that genes deregulated in CdLS are preferentially organized into connected gene communities, structures emerging from the interactions of noncoding regulatory elements and genes in the three-dimensional chromosomal space. Within this organization, genes affected by mutations in NIPBL and the SMC1A subunit of the cohesin complex are positioned within reach of NIPBL- and cohesin-occupied regions through promoter- promoter interactions. In addition, we present data suggesting a role of the cohesin complex in the initiation of transcription and a role of NIPBL in the control of pause release. Finally, we show evidence of a function of NIPBL and cohesin in the regulation of the basal level and the activation of genes stimulated by hormones. Ultimately, this work aims to gain insight into the contribution of the architecture of chromosomes to the general mechanisms of transcriptional regulation.
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Xu, Weizhen [Verfasser]. "The cohesin protein NIPBL recruits histone deacetylases to mediate local chromatin modifications / Weizhen Xu." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2010. http://d-nb.info/99943571X/34.
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Gonzalez, Claudia. "Étude des mécanismes immunitaires impliqués dans le contrôle de l'infection par le virus Nipah." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0035.
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Le virus Nipah (NiV) est un paramyxovirus hautement pathogène pour les humains faisant partie de la liste prioritaire pour la recherche et le développement de l’OMS. Les chauves-souris Pteropus sont le réservoir naturel asymptomatique du NiV et nous nous sommes intéressés aux mécanismes leur permettant de contrôler l’infection. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé une analyse transcriptomique comparative entre des cellules de chauves-souris et des cellules humaines. Nous avons tout d’abord observé des profils immunitaires innés distincts à l’état basal. Les cellules de chauves-souris présentent des niveaux élevés de récepteurs aux pathogènes comme TLR-3 et TLR-8, pouvant expliquer une détection rapide du virus. De plus, la cinétique d’activation des gènes a montré une différence entre les deux espèces, avec une activation précoce chez les chauves-souris alors que plus tardive et de plus grande amplitude chez les humains. L’activation précoce de la voie NF-kB a été observée chez les chauves-souris et parmi ces facteurs, c-Rel faisait partie des gènes les plus exprimés. L’analyse fonctionnelle a révélé que les protéines c-Rel humaine et de chauve-souris induisent l’activation de la voie NF-kB et sont inhibées par la protéine virale non structurale NiV-W. Nous avons aussi montré la capacité du c-Rel de chauve-souris, contrairement au c-Rel humain, de moduler l’activité du promoteur de réponse aux IFN (ISRE) après stimulation par l’IFN. Cette étude suggère que la réponse rapide et transitoire des Pteropus pourrait favoriser une meilleure régulation des réponses pro-inflammatoires et contribuer à leur capacité de contrôler l’infection NiV. Étant donné que nous ne disposons ni de traitement ni de vaccin pour ce virus, le travail a aussi porté sur l’évaluation d’un inhibiteur de fusion agissant sur l’entrée du virus, et un essai vaccinal chez un modèle primate. Ce dernier, combinant le récepteur CD40 à l’ectodomaine de la protéine NiV-G a été validé in vivo, démontrant une protection complète chez les singes immunisés. L’ensemble de ces résultats ouvre de nouvelles perspectives vers des approches antivirales innovantes<br>Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus for humans, listed as a priority for research and development by the WHO. Pteropus bats are the natural asymptomatic reservoir of NiV and we investigated on the mechanisms allowing them to control the infection. For this, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic analysis between bat and human cells. We observed distinct immune profiles at the basal state. Bat cells show high levels of receptors like TLR-3 and TLR-8, which may explain the rapid viral detection. Additionally, the kinetics of gene expression resulted to be different among the two species, as we detected early gene activation in bats, while the response in humans was delayed. Early activation of the NF-kB pathway was observed in bats, and among these factors, c-Rel was one of the most expressed genes. Functional analysis revealed that both human and bat c-Rel proteins induce NF-kB pathway activation and are inhibited by the non-structural protein NiV-W. We also demonstrated the ability of bat c-Rel, unlike human c-Rel, to modulate IFN response promoter (ISRE) activity after IFN stimulation. This study suggests that the rapid and transient response of Pteropus may promote better regulation of pro-inflammatory responses and contribute to their ability to control NiV infection. Since no treatment or vaccine is available for this virus, the work also focused on evaluating a fusion inhibitor acting on virus entry and a vaccine. The latter, combining the CD40 receptor with the ectodomain of the G protein, was validated in vivo, demonstrating complete protection Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus for humans, listed as a priority for research and development by the WHO. Pteropus bats are the natural asymptomatic reservoir of NiV and we investigated on the mechanisms allowing them to control the infection. For this, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic analysis between bat and human cells. We observed distinct immune profiles at the basal state. Bat cells show high levels of receptors like TLR-3 and TLR-8, which may explain the rapid viral detection. Additionally, the kinetics of gene expression resulted to be different among the two species, as we detected early gene activation in bats, while the response in humans was delayed. Early activation of the NF-kB pathway was observed in bats, and among these factors, c-Rel was one of the most expressed genes. Functional analysis revealed that both human and bat c-Rel proteins induce NF-kB pathway activation and are inhibited by the non-structural protein NiV-W. We also demonstrated the ability of bat c-Rel, unlike human c-Rel, to modulate IFN response promoter (ISRE) activity after IFN stimulation. This study suggests that the rapid and transient response of Pteropus may promote better regulation of pro-inflammatory responses and contribute to their ability to control NiV infection. Since no treatment or vaccine is available for this virus, the work also focused on evaluating a fusion inhibitor acting on virus entry and a vaccine. The latter, combining the CD40 receptor with the ectodomain of the G protein, was validated in vivo, demonstrating complete protection in immunized monkeys. These results open new perspectives for innovative antiviral approaches
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Pernet, Olivier. "Mise en évidence de l'entrée cellulaire du virus Nipah par macropinocytose : bases moléculaires et inhibition." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448339.
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Les virus Nipah et Hendra sont deux Paramyxovirus émergents zoonotique apparu ces 15 dernières années en Asie du Sud-Est et en Australie. Ils sont responsables chez l'homme d'encéphalites dont le taux de mortalité peut dépasser les 90%. Il n'existe ni traitements, ni vaccins commercialisés. Ces virus sont donc classé P4. En étudiant la régulation négative de leur récepteur éphrineB2, j'ai pu mettre en évidence un mécanisme d'entrée endocytique pour le virus Nipah : la macropinocytose. Les Henipavirus sont les seuls Paramyxovirus connus dont on a pu démontré un tel mode d'entrée. En mimant le ligand naturel d'éphrineB2 (EphB4), les glycoprotéines virales G provoquent la rétractation des filopodes qui forment autour du virus des macropinosomes. De plus, l'entrée de ces virus peut-être bloquée in vitro par des inhibiteur de macropinocytose. Certain de ces inhibiteurs sont déjà utilisé en médecine humaine, ce qui ouvre la voie à un traitement peu onéreux contre ces dangereux pathogènes.
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Tran-Math, Carolyn. "Synthesis of poly(NIPAM-co-vmbpy) microspheres and transition metal monomers for metallopolymeric material construction." Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/271.
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Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) gels grafted to redox-active metal monomers undergo sudden expansion-contraction activity in response to change in environmental conditions, such as temperature, pH, ion concentration, and oxidation states of the metal. The relevance of these conditions to biological systems has garnered attention for PNIPAM-based polymer as potential biomedical materials. Candidate transition metal monomers containing ruthenium and nickel cores were designed and synthesized for copolymerization with NIPAM and cross-linker methylene-bis-acrylamide in order to attain metallopolymer microspheres with a high percentage of metal incorporation. Synthesis of 4-vinyl-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine (vmbpy) was optimized from literature procedures for usage in the metal-containing monomers. Metal-containing monomers were then synthesized, purified, and characterized using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR), X-ray diffraction, Ultraviolet-Visible light (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and spectrofluorometry. While the Ru complex was pure and exhibited interesting photochemical properties, lability of the ligands on the Ni monomers resulted in complication of their synthesis. Polymer microspheres of poly(NIPAM-co-vmbpy), the cross-linked copolymer constructed from NIPAM and vmbpy monomers, were synthesized from modified emulsion polymerization procedures. Experimental setup parameters and conditions—such as the methods of injection of initiator and stirring, the time duration for incubating the emulsion, and the initiation temperature—were varied to assess their influences on the material properties of the final product. The polymers were tested for size and morphological uniformity by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). While varying the method of initiator injection had no measurable effect on the product, strong mechanical stirring and incubation of the polymer emulsion for 15-25 minutes at 71 °C procured similar polymer products. Consistent properties ensured the polymers' suitability for further material development. Preliminary morphological and spectroscopic characterization was conducted of metallopolymers made from Ru and Ni grafted to PNIPAM. Metallopolymers containing polypyridyl Ru cores exhibited desirable spectroscopic properties and spherical morphology.
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Lalande, Alexandre. "Agrégation et fibrillation des facteurs de virulence W et V des virus Hendra et Nipah." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10223.
Full textAbstract:
Les virus Hendra et Nipah sont des pathogènes zoonotiques émergents à potentiel épidémique et pandémique. Leur haute virulence chez l’Homme, leur léthalité, l’absence de traitement et de vaccin, et le danger bioterroriste qu’ils pourraient représenter en font des virus de niveau maximal de biosécurité. Ces paramyxovirus sont responsables de syndromes respiratoires sévères et d’encéphalites pouvant atteindre des taux de létalité supérieures à 90%. Leur pathogénicité est sous-tendue notamment par l’expression de leurs facteurs de virulence W et V, des protéines virales spécialisées pour l’inhibition de et l’évasion à la réponse immunitaire de l’hôte. Ces protéines sont intrinsèquement désordonnées, et agissent en liant et contrecarrant des éléments clefs des cascades de la réponse innée cellulaire. Sur la base d’études in vitro démontrant la capacité de la W et la V à former des fibrilles de type amyloïde, l’objectif de cette thèse a été de caractériser les propriétés d’agrégation et de fibrillation de ces protéines, leurs déterminants moléculaires, et les conséquences fonctionnelles associées, dans un contexte cellulaire. Notre hypothèse de travail est que la formation d’agrégats et de fibrilles est une stratégie virale pour séquestrer des protéines cellulaires de l’immunité et plus largement pour interférer avec les fonctions cellulaires au profit du virus. Nous avons ainsi mis en évidence la formation de filaments nucléaires par la W du virus Hendra, un phénotype dépendant de sa région N-terminale, de ses résidus cystéine, en lien avec des phénomènes redox. Nous avons aussi mis en lumière la colocalisation des filaments avec l'actine filamenteuse nucléaire, suggérant une interaction dont la nature et le rôle restent à investiguer. La W forme également des agrégats globulaires et des agrégats amorphes, propriétés partagées par la W du virus Nipah, qui en revanche ne fibrille pas. Les V, cytosoliques, ne fibrillent a priori pas non plus. L'altération des capacités d'agrégation impacte négativement le rôle inhibiteur de la W du virus Hendra sur la voie de l'immunité innée NF-κB. Ces résultats apportent un nouvel éclairage sur la compréhension des propriétés moléculaires des facteurs de virulence des Henipavirus<br>Hendra and Nipah viruses are emerging zoonotic pathogens with epidemic and pandemic potential. Their high virulence in humans, their lethality, the absence of treatment or vaccine, and the bioterrorist threat they could represent, make them of the highest biosafety level. These paramyxoviruses are responsible for severe respiratory syndromes and encephalitis, with case fatality rates than can be over 90%. Their pathogenicity is underpinned in particular by the expression of their virulence factors W and V, viral proteins specialized for inhibiting and evading the host immune response. These proteins are intrinsically disordered, and act by binding and counteracting key elements of the cellular innate response cascades. Based on in vitro studies demonstrating the ability of the W and V to form amyloid-like fibrils, the aim of this thesis was to characterize the aggregation and fibrillation properties of these proteins, their molecular determinants, and the associated functional consequences, in a cellular context. Our working hypothesis is that the formation of aggregates and fibrils is a viral strategy for sequestering cellular immune proteins and, more broadly, for interfering with cellular functions to the benefit of the virus. We have demonstrated the formation of nuclear filaments by the W of Hendra virus, a phenotype dependent on its N-terminal region and its cysteine residues, and linked to redox phenomena. We also highlighted the colocalization of filaments with nuclear filamentous actin, suggesting an interaction whose nature and role remain to be investigated. The W also forms globular and amorphous aggregates, as does the W of Nipah virus, which however does not fibrillate. The cytosolic V proteins do not fibrillate either. Altering the aggregation capacity negatively impacts the inhibitory role of the W of Hendra virus on the NF-κB innate immunity pathway. These results shed new light on the understanding of the molecular properties of Henipavirus virulence factors, which may contribute to their pathogenesis
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Song, Peng [Verfasser]. "Influence of material and testing parameters on the lifetime of TBC systems with MCrAlY and NiPtAl bondcoats / Peng Song." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1020857609/34.
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Shun, Li. "Studies on 4D printing Thermo-responsive PNIPAM-based materials." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron161969592363207.
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Shaheed, Sadr-ul. "Oncoproteomic applications for detection of breast cancer : proteomic profiling of breast cancer models and biopsies." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14785.
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The heterogeneity of breast cancer (disease stage and phenotype) makes it challenging to differentiate between each subtype; luminal A, luminal B, HER2, basal-like and claudin-low, on the basis of a single gene or protein. Therefore, a collection of markers is required that can serve as a signature for diagnosing different types of breast cancer. New developments in proteomics have provided the opportunity to look at phenotype-specific breast cancer cell lines and stage-specific liquid biopsies (nipple aspirate fluid [NAF], plasma samples) to identify disease and phenotype specific signature. An 8-plex iTRAQ quantification strategy was employed to compare proteomic profiles of a range of breast cancer and ‘normal-like’ cell lines with primary breast epithelial cells. From this, 2467 proteins were identified on Orbitrap Fusion and Ultraflex II, of which 1430 were common. Matched pairs of NAF samples from four patients with different stages of breast cancer, were analysed by SCX-LC-MS and a total of 1990 unique gene products were identified. More than double the number of proteins previously published data, were detected in NAF, including 300 not detected in plasma. The NAF from the diseased patients have 138 potential phenotype biomarkers that were significantly changed compared to the healthy volunteer (7 for luminal A, 9 for luminal B, 11 for HER2, 14 for basal-like and 52 for claudin-low type). The average coefficient of variation for triplicate analyses by multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS), was 9% in cell lines, 17 % in tissue biopsies, 22% in serum samples and 24% in NAF samples. Overall, the results provide a strong paradigm to develop a clinical assay based on proteomic changes in NAF samples for the early detection of breast cancer supplementary to established mammography programmes.
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Kumar, Vinay. "Multi-state PLS based data-driven predictive modeling for continuous process analytics." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-5243.
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Today’s process control industry, which is extensively automated, generates huge amounts of process data from the sensors used to monitor the processes. These data if effectively analyzed and interpreted can give a clearer picture of the performance of the underlying process and can be used for its proactive monitoring. With the great advancements in computing systems a new genre of process monitoring and fault detection systems are being developed which are essentially data-driven.
The objectives of this research are to explore a set of data-driven methodologies with a motive to provide a predictive modeling framework and to apply it to process control. This project explores some of the data-driven methods being used in the process control industry, compares their performance, and introduces a novel method based on statistical process control techniques.
To evaluate the performance of this novel predictive modeling technique called Multi-state PLS, a patented continuous process analytics technique that is being developed at Emerson Process Management, Austin, some extensive simulations were performed in MATLAB. A MATLAB Graphical User Interface has been developed for implementing the algorithm on the data generated from the simulation of a continuously stirred blending tank. The effects of noise, disturbances, and different excitations on the performance of this algorithm were studied through these simulations. The simulations have been performed first on a steady state system and then applied to a dynamic system .Based on the results obtained for the dynamic system, some modifications have been done in the algorithm to further improve the prediction performance when the system is in dynamic state. Future work includes implementing of the MATLAB based predictive modeling technique to real production data, assessing the performance of the algorithm and to compare with the performance for simulated data.<br>text
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Van, Le Thi Thu, and 梨氏秋芸. "The Effectiveness of Breastfeeding education on short nipples and nipple depression mothers." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3fm554.
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碩士<br>美和科技大學<br>護理系健康照護碩士班<br>106<br>Background:
Study to increase rates of breastfeeding, women with flat or reversed nipples, addressing if mothers receive health education support from health workers in antenatal classes and are effectively counseled from the first days after birth. Supportive counseling and support for the health-care provider's m others will significantly improve the rate of breastfeeding.
Aims:
The aims of this study were to investe effectiveness of breastfeeding education on short nipples and nipple depression among Breastfeeding mothers at the Từ Dũ hospital's postpartum department in Ho Chi Minh City, vietnam.
Methods:
The study design is quite-experimental, cross sectional .Sampling is from February 20, 2018 to .April 20, 2018. Location is the N2 obstetric ward of Tu Du hospital in Ho Chi Minh Vietnam.
Results:
During the study period from 2/2018 to 4/2018, after the breastfeeding counseling for 109 women with flat nipples or reversed to birth at Tu Du hospital, we conclude that: The overall post knowledge score increased by 0.4 points and this difference was significant at p <0.05.The overall post- attitude score increased by 3.3 and this difference was significant at p <0.05.The overall post-intervention scores increased by 11.5 points, and this difference was significant at p <0.05.Increased ability to improve knowledge: Level 3 education increased the total knowledge score to OR = 5 times (95% CI 1.4-10.0).Factors to improve attitudes: a change in knowledge of total change in attitude was 1.9 times (95% CI 1.1-3.1).Increased ability to improve practice: A change in attitude of increasing total practice score 2.5 times (95% CI 1.1-3.0)
Conclusion:
The study "Assessment of knowledge changes and attitudes of women with flat nipples, reversed after breastfeeding counseling". Through a breastfeeding counseling procedure for women with flat nipples, reversal, post-counseling effectiveness assessment. Since efficiency gains have contributed to an increase in the rate of breastfeeding, especially the cost of time spent the economy and work for women, families and health care workers. The research results will be replicated in the community to positively influence knowledge, attitudes and practices breastfeeding for women of reproductive.
Keywords: knowledge, attitudes, behavior, flat nipples, breastfeeding.
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LIN, CHEN-XI, and 林辰禧. "Effects of Olive Oil on Nipple Cracking, Nipple Pain and Maternal Satisfactions." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xg5tr5.
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碩士<br>國立臺北護理健康大學<br>護理研究所<br>106<br>The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of application of olive oil on prevent nipple trauma and reliving nipple pain/soreness. A The study used a randomized controlled trail design with nonprobability sampling. Data of the study were collected at a maternal ward in a teaching hospital in Northern Taiwan. Of 71 participants,36 were randomized to the treatment group and 35 to the comparison group. Participants in the comparison group took expressed breast milk as routine. Participants in the interventional group applied extra virgin olive oil on nipple and areola after each breastfeeding. Following intervention completion, mothers in the interventional group were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews to provide feedback on the olive oil.
Instruments used in the study included maternal demographic information sheet, Visual Analogue Scales for pain, Nipple Soreness Score, Nipple Trauma Score, Maternal Satisfaction Questionnaire, Infant Feeding Categories and Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment tool. Measured variables included knowledge of breastfeeding, breastfeeding positioning, time of breastfeeding, nipple pain, nipple soreness, nipple trauma and maternal satisfaction and experimental. Knowledge of breastfeeding were measured before the first breastfeeding. Breastfeeding positioning, time of breastfeeding, nipple pain, nipple soreness, nipple trauma were measured at the first time of breastfeeding and each day after that during the first 3 days. Maternal satisfaction was measured at 2days since the baseline.
Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 20.0). Independent t test, Chi square, and generalized estimating equation model were used. Results showed that there were no differences on the participants’ demographic, obstetrical characteristics and first time breastfeeding situation between two groups. GEE analysis was used for the two groups before intervention, post-test (1day after first time breastfeeding), post-test (2days after first time breastfeeding) to repeat measurements of nipple pain, nipple sore and nipple trauma. Thematic analysis explored active ingredients of the intervention and experiences of study participation.
The result showed that no statistically significant difference between two groups. However, baseline nipple pain moderated intervention efficacy. The 3-way interaction between group, pain score during the first time breastfeeding, and time was significant. Mothers, experienced pain score more than 3 during the first time breastfeeding, in the interventional group experienced a lower level of nipple pain and nipple sore (p<0.05). Based on semi-structured interview, a total of 7 themes were discovered: (1) No obvious analgesic effect, yet appears to have a protective membrane, (2) Moisturizing skin, (3) Reduce pain, redness and swollen at the initial stage, (4) Different flavor acceptability, (5) Concern for babe’s safety, (6) Not so sticky as lanolin, (7) Suggestions for researchers.
This study suggests that olive oil is effective in reducing nipple pain and soreness. Therefore, olive oil could be considered as an effective alternative treatment in patients willing to use.
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Yang, Tsu-Kai, and 楊祖愷. "Sythesis and environmental – response properties of Poly(NiPAAm-b-VAm-b-NiPAAm) block copolymers." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44007125257883944358.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>淡江大學<br>化學工程與材料工程學系碩士班<br>104<br>In this study, Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of N-isopropylamide (NiPAAm) with two different monomers acrylic acid (AAc) and N-vinylformamide (NVF) were used to synthesize two different copolymers.Then discuss the relationship between light transition ratio and temperature with different chain ratio and different pH environment.
First part, we synthesize PNiPAAm-CMP by RAFT polymerization and observe conversion with different reaction time. Then we use PNiPAAm-CMP as chain transfer agent and synthesize Poly (NiP AAm-b-AAc-b-NiPAAm) by RAFT polymerization and discuss the relationship between light transition ratio and temperature with different chain ratio and different pH environment. We found when reaction for 18 hour, the conversion of NiPAAm almost reach 100% and LCST will going down when chain ratio of NiPAAm/AAc.
Second part, we synthesize Poly(NiPAAm-b-NVF-b-NiPAAm) by RAFT polymerization, then hydrolyze Poly(NiPAAm-b-NVF-b-NiPAAm) with HCl to form Poly(NiPAAm-b-VAm-b-NiPAAm). We control copolymer with same chain length but different chain ratio of NiPAAm/NVF and different chain length but same chain ratio of NiPAAm/NVF. Then observe the relationship between light transition ratio and different pH environment, and also use dynamic light scattering (DLS) to measure the particle size after self-assembly with different temperature. In the same chain length but different chain ratio, we found the light transition ratio will going up when NVF ratio increase but going down when pH decrease; in the different chain length but same chain ratio, the light transition ratio will decrease when chain length increase.
Final, according the result of DLS, poly(NiPAAm-b-VAm-b-NiPAAm) self-assembly in LCST to form microcell then add glutaraldehyde to form nanoparticle.Then we observe the formation of the nanoparticle by Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM),the nanoparticles are solid particle, average size is 271.8±59.3 nm
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Lee, Mei-Yu, and 李美玉. "Inverted nipples women's breastfeedin lived experience." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86942339096564314971.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺北護理健康大學<br>護理研究所<br>101<br>The purpose of this study is to explore the breastfeeding experiences of the primiparous women with bilateral nipple inversion. Data was obtained from four first-time mothers with bilateral nipple inversion and each participant was involved in one semi-structure interview as they breast their babies for about one month. Descriptive phenomenological methodology was used in this study and Colaizzi’s (1978) framework was used for data analysis. Data analysis revealed the mothers’ breasting experiences who have bilateral nipple inversion. Three key themes emerged. They were (1) breastfeeding is not an easy task. (2) I can really do it. (3) I got the key.
The findings from this research study have an important contribution to the advancement of practice, education, management and research concerning the mothers’needs and aspirations when they are with bilateral nipple inversion during breastfeeding their babies. In addition, the findings demonstrated that there is a need to reaffirm the place of caring in nursing if our goal is to provide a quality service, which meets the needs of the clients and their families. It is essential for nurses to champion for the advancement of family centred/family focused care and to advocate on behalf of women with bilateral nipple inversion for high quality services during they breast their babies.