Academic literature on the topic 'Nippon Animation'

AbstractImplant-based breast reconstruction has gained a high and increasing level of importance both nationally and internationally in recent years and covers a wide spectrum of reconstruction techniques. The standard procedure in nipple-sparing subcutaneous mastectomies is currently performed by placing the implant into a subpectoral pocket beneath the pectoralis muscle. The use of implant-based reconstructive techniques with the need for internal support to reconstruct the inframammary fold, to cover the implant at the lower pole and to provide a stable but flexible implant position has become relevant and led to the introduction of heterologous materials such as acellular dermal matrices and synthetic meshes. Although the safety and aesthetics of this approach have produced good results, prepectoral techniques add a whole new dimension with the development of the next generation of acellular dermal matrices and, especially, titanised implant pockets created specifically for prepectoral implant placement 1 have brought about a renaissance in muscle-sparing reconstructive techniques. These preserve the natural anatomy, thereby avoiding the adverse effects associated with submuscular reconstruction, including preservation of full shoulder function, minimising postoperative pain and the risk of bleeding and haematoma, and animation deformities such as “jumping breast phenomenon”. A new method of implant-based breast reconstruction is therefore available and must be analysed regarding indications and benefits.

Abstract Background: Breast reconstruction with implants is the most common method of immediate reconstruction after mastectomy in patients with breast cancer. Currently, implants with different characteristics are used for this. The choice of implant is most often determined by the thickness of the subcutaneous fat, anatomy, physiology, the patient's wishes and the surgeon's experience with various manufacturers. This directly affects most of the studies conducted, which as a result do not reveal a significant difference between the implants. This study we compare the results of immediate breast reconstruction using smooth implants with textured and polyurethane surface. Methods: This retrospective review was performed using a database from two medical centers. The study included patients who underwent skin-sparing/nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction in the period from February 2020 to March 2024. Complications (early and late), rehabilitation period, patient satisfaction were analyzed. Early complications included hematoma, seroma, infection, skin redness, extrusion. Late complications included: capsular contracture, rippling, rotation and malposition. In all cases, lymph node dissection was performed through a separate incision, and the lymph node dissection and mastectomy zones were drained separately. The authors of the study do not use additional coverage of endoprostheses using special meshes or ADM. Results: A total of 681 breasts in 426 patients underwent one-stage reconstruction with smooth (n=401), textured (n=176), and polyurethane (n=104) implants. Early complications were much less common with smooth implants: seroma lasting 2 weeks or more 0.5% with smooth round implants, 4% and 3.5% with textured and polyurethane implants, respectively; skin hyperemia occurred only with the use of polyurethane implants (5.2%). The incidence of capsular contracture, regardless of adjuvant radiation therapy, was significantly lower with the use of smooth round implants and polyurethane implants than with the use of textured implants. There was no statistically significant difference in complication rates (hematoma, infectious complications, extrusion of the endoprosthesis) between patients with different implants. Skin rippling occurred only with the use of textured implants (8.9%), which in most cases required either lipofilling procedures or repeat surgery. Implant rotation occurred 3 times more often with textured implants (2.7%) compared to smooth implants (0.8%). However, malposition of smooth implants occurred significantly more often (7%) in the long term, compared to textured (1.7%) and polyurethane (0.8%) implants. In all cases of polyurethane reconstruction, vertical malposition was observed, with equal frequency of vertical and horizontal malposition with the placement of textured and smooth implants. Animation with the same frequency for textured and smooth implants placed under the muscle. Patients with smooth round implants were hospitalized for an average of 5±1 days, with textured implants 10±1 and with polyurethane implants 9±1 days. Conclusion: Smooth round implants have demonstrated a reduced risk of complications, capsular contracture, and accelerated rehabilitation period compared to other implants in immediate breast reconstruction. However, patients more often sought care for displacement of smooth implants, which required more repeat surgical interventions for implant replacement and pocket correction, which is likely due to the features of placement (requires a tighter muscle pocket with complete muscle coverage) and the formation of a thin capsule. The advantages of smooth round implants make them the method of choice in immediate breast reconstruction with a small thickness of subcutaneous fat. Citation Format: Sardor Abdugafforov, Vorotnikov V.V., Pakhomova R.A., Mchedlidze T.G., Gugnina A.S., Soynov A.V., Voronov M.V., Kopytich I.V., Sharavina M.V., Mukueva M.I., Tsalko S.E., Andreeva V.A., Tkachenko A.V. Immediate breast reconstruction using smooth round implants: a retrospective analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2024; 2024 Dec 10-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-10-11.

Abstract Background Several studies show how submuscular breast reconstruction is linked to animation deformity, shoulder disfunction and increased postoperative chest pain, when compared to prepectoral breast reconstruction. In solving all these life-impairing side effects, prepectoral implant pocket conversion has shown encouraging results. Objectives The aim of our study is to propose a refinement of the prepectoral implant pocket conversion applied to previously irradiated patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective study on 42 patients who underwent previous nipple or skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate submuscular reconstruction, followed by radiotherapy. We performed fat grafting sessions as regenerative pretreatment. Six months after the last fat graft, we performed the conversion with prepectoral placement of micropolyurethane foam coated implants. We investigated the pre-conversion and post-conversion differences in upper limb Range of Motions, Upper Extremity Functional Index, Satisfaction with Breast and Physical Well-Being Chest. Results We reported a resolution of animation deformity in 100% of cases. The Range of Motions and the Upper Extremity Functional Index scores were statistically improved after prepectoral implant pocket conversion. Q-scores for Satisfaction with Breast and Physical Well-Being Chest were also increased. Conclusions The prepectoral implant pocket conversion refined is a reliable technique to solve animation deformity and improve quality of life in patients previously treated with submuscular reconstruction and radiotherapy.

Introduction: Breast reconstruction with prosthesis after mastectomy is currently the main reconstruction technique used in the world. The pre-pectoral prosthesis is progressively being more used, and has advantages in relation to the submuscular prosthesis, such as less pain in the postoperative period, decreased muscular deficit, breast animation, better aesthetic result, besides reducing the time of surgical morbidity, for being easier to execute. Objectives: To review the results and complications of patients submitted to breast reconstruction with definitive prosthesis without using an acellular matrix (ADM). Methods: Retrospective study including patients who underwent immediate reconstruction with pre-pectoral definitive prosthesis after nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM), with incision through the inframammary fold (IMD), without using ADM, between January, 2018, and July, 2019. We collected demographic data, types of therapy and surgical data. The complications and secondary surgical interventions were also assessed. The Fisher’s Exact Test was used for statistical analysis (p lower than 0.05). Results: During the study period, 130 reconstructions were performed in 87 patients. Mean age was 43 years. Thirty two mastectomy procedures (24.6%) presented at least one complication, and the most common ones were: flap necrosis (N=13), persistent seroma (N=10), and prosthesis exposure (N=9). Of this total, 21 were submitted to a new surgical procedure, and 12 (9.2%) evolved with loss of prosthesis in an average of 64 days (12 to 180 days) after the first surgery. The main risk factors associated with loss of prosthesis were smoking (OR 4; 1.48‒10.8) and BMI higher than 25 (OR 4.4; 1.24‒15.6), both with statistical significance (p<0.05). The presence of previous radiotherapy (42.8% x 21.5%) or adjuvant therapy (37.5% x 21.5%) and diabetes mellitus (42.9% x 23.6%) show a tendency to higher chances of complications, however, these were not statistically significant. The other assessed factors did not present correlation with the complications. Regarding the late aesthetic result, we only assessed the patients who were followed up for more than 6 months. Of the 52 breasts, 69.3% did not present capsular contracture, and 28.8% presented contracture in Grades I or II of the Baker scale. Rippling was identified in only 13 breasts (25%). There was no prosthesis dislocation or breast animation. Conclusion: Breast reconstruction with definitive pre-pectoral prosthesis after NSM using IMD is a promising, safe and economically advantageous technique, presenting results and complications similar to the cases that use ADM or place the retromuscular prosthesis.