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Journal articles on the topic 'NIR-II biological window'

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1

Zhu, Shoujun, Qinglai Yang, Alexander L. Antaris, et al. "Molecular imaging of biological systems with a clickable dye in the broad 800- to 1,700-nm near-infrared window." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 5 (2017): 962–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1617990114.

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Fluorescence imaging multiplicity of biological systems is an area of intense focus, currently limited to fluorescence channels in the visible and first near-infrared (NIR-I; ∼700–900 nm) spectral regions. The development of conjugatable fluorophores with longer wavelength emission is highly desired to afford more targeting channels, reduce background autofluorescence, and achieve deeper tissue imaging depths. We have developed NIR-II (1,000–1,700 nm) molecular imaging agents with a bright NIR-II fluorophore through high-efficiency click chemistry to specific molecular antibodies. Relying on b
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Zhou, Rui, Zheng Wei Wu, Zhan Hui Sun, and Xiao Fei Su. "Synthesis of Long Gold Nanorods as an Efficient Photothermal Agent in the Second Near-Infrared Window." Journal of Nano Research 40 (March 2016): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.40.180.

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To date, intensive efforts have been devoted in the synthesis of various nanomaterials as photothermal agent in the first near-infrared (NIR) window (650-950 nm). Although the NIR-II window (1000-1350 nm) is recognized to offer more efficient tissue penetration and higher permissible exposure to excitation light, the corresponding photothermal agents have been scant. Here, we report a binary surfactant seeded growth method for high yield synthesis of long AuNRs (LAuNRs) as an efficient NIR-II photothermal agent. The as-synthesized LAuNRs with aspect ratio of 6.7 shows strong surface plasmon re
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Yu, Zhen-feng, Jun-peng Shi, Jin-lei Li, Peng-hui Li, and Hong-wu Zhang. "Luminescence enhancement of CaF2:Nd3+nanoparticles in the second near-infrared window forin vivoimaging through Y3+doping." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 6, no. 8 (2018): 1238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb03052e.

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Shi, Yifeng, Shiyi Peng, Zhongyu Huang, et al. "Gold-Nanorod-Assisted Live Cell Nuclear Imaging Based on Near-Infrared II Dark-Field Microscopy." Biology 12, no. 11 (2023): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12111391.

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Dark-field microscopy offers several advantages, including high image contrast, minimal cell damage, and the absence of photobleaching of nanoprobes, which make it highly advantageous for cell imaging. The NIR-II window has emerged as a prominent research focus in optical imaging in recent years, with its low autofluorescence background in biological samples and high imaging SBR. In this study, we initially compared dark-field imaging results of colorectal cancer cells in both visible and NIR-II wavelengths, confirming the superior performance of NIR-II imaging. Subsequently, we synthesized go
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Sakiyama, Makoto, Hiroshi Sugimoto, and Minoru Fujii. "Long-lived luminescence of colloidal silicon quantum dots for time-gated fluorescence imaging in the second near infrared window in biological tissue." Nanoscale 10, no. 29 (2018): 13902–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr03571g.

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Ma, Dongling, and Ruiqi Yang. "(Invited) Multifunctional Nanohybrids for Biomedical Applications." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 60 (2025): 2901. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-01602901mtgabs.

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Combination of different nanomaterials into a single architecture can lead to improved properties/performance or, even better, multifunctional nanoplatforms. In this talk, I will present some of our work on the rational design and realization of multifunctional nanohybrid materials for biomedical applications. Our research interest mainly consists in the combination of two functions: superparamagnetism and luminescence. A recent example is about a multifunctional NaGdF4:Nd3+@mSiO2 nanoplatform prepared by loading ultrasmall NaGdF4:Nd3+ nanoparticles into large-channel mesoporous SiO2 (mSiO2) n
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He, Shuqing, Jun Song, Junle Qu, and Zhen Cheng. "Crucial breakthrough of second near-infrared biological window fluorophores: design and synthesis toward multimodal imaging and theranostics." Chemical Society Reviews 47, no. 12 (2018): 4258–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00234g.

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Recent advances in the chemical design and synthesis of fluorophores in the second near-infrared biological window (NIR-II) for multimodal imaging and theranostics are summarized and highlighted in this review article.
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Ren, Feng, Tuanwei Li, Tingfeng Yao, Guangcun Chen, Chunyan Li, and Qiangbin Wang. "Near-Infrared-II Fluorophores for In Vivo Multichannel Biosensing." Chemosensors 11, no. 8 (2023): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11080433.

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The pathological process involves a range of intrinsic biochemical markers. The detection of multiple biological parameters is imperative for providing precise diagnostic information on diseases. In vivo multichannel fluorescence biosensing facilitates the acquisition of biochemical information at different levels, such as tissue, cellular, and molecular, with rapid feedback, high sensitivity, and high spatiotemporal resolution. Notably, fluorescence imaging in the near-infrared-II (NIR-II) window (950–1700 nm) promises deeper optical penetration depth and diminished interferential autofluores
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Dang, Xiangnan, Li Gu, Jifa Qi, et al. "Layer-by-layer assembled fluorescent probes in the second near-infrared window for systemic delivery and detection of ovarian cancer." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 19 (2016): 5179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521175113.

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Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1,000–1,700 nm) features deep tissue penetration, reduced tissue scattering, and diminishing tissue autofluorescence. Here, NIR-II fluorescent probes, including down-conversion nanoparticles, quantum dots, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and organic dyes, are constructed into biocompatible nanoparticles using the layer-by-layer (LbL) platform due to its modular and versatile nature. The LbL platform has previously been demonstrated to enable incorporation of diagnostic agents, drugs, and nucleic acids such as siRNA while providin
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Ji, Shengjiao, Yuying Du, Jiancai Leng, Yujin Zhang, and Wei Hu. "Planar-Twisted Molecular Engineering for Modulating the Fluorescence Brightness of NIR-II Fluorophores with a Donor–Acceptor–Donor Skeleton." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 22 (2024): 12365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212365.

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Organic molecular fluorophores have been extensively utilized for biological imaging in the visible and the first near-infrared windows. However, their applications in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window remain constrained, primarily due to the insufficient fluorescence brightness. Herein, we employ a theoretical protocol combining the thermal vibration correlation function with the time-dependent density functional theory method to investigate the mechanism of the planar-twisted strategy for developing fluorophores with balanced NIR-II emission and fluorescence brightness. Based on a pla
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Yang, Qinglai, Zhuoran Ma, Huasen Wang, et al. "Rational Design of Molecular Fluorophores for Biological Imaging in the NIR-II Window." Advanced Materials 29, no. 12 (2017): 1605497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201605497.

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12

Du, Jiangfeng, Xin Wang, Xinghua Dong, et al. "Enhanced radiosensitization of ternary Cu3BiSe3 nanoparticles by photo-induced hyperthermia in the second near-infrared biological window." Nanoscale 11, no. 15 (2019): 7157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr09618j.

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Xu, Feiya, Yiming Zhao, Min Hu, et al. "Lanthanide-doped core–shell nanoparticles as a multimodality platform for imaging and photodynamic therapy." Chemical Communications 54, no. 68 (2018): 9525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc05057k.

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We report a novel lanthanide-doped core–shell nanostructure NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb,Er@NaGdF<sub>4</sub>:Nd@SiO<sub>2</sub>-RB with a unique design feature that integrates luminescence imaging in biological window II, magnetic resonance imaging, and NIR-excited photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy, in a single nanoscale entity.
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Yin, Wenyan, Tao Bao, Xiao Zhang, et al. "Biodegradable MoOx nanoparticles with efficient near-infrared photothermal and photodynamic synergetic cancer therapy at the second biological window." Nanoscale 10, no. 3 (2018): 1517–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr07927c.

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15

Du, Zhengying, Denghao Li, Lei Lei, et al. "Fluoride nanocrystals and quantum dots nanocomposite for efficient luminescence nanothermometer in NIR-II biological window." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 989 (June 2024): 174336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2024.174336.

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Yang, Guang-Hui, Shao-Zhen Yi, Shu-Rong Du, Jia-Lin Gao, and Xue-Juan Wan. "Highly temperature-sensitive, photothermal, and robust intelligent hydrogels tailored for the NIR-II biological window." Materials Express 14, no. 8 (2024): 1113–25. https://doi.org/10.1166/mex.2024.2722.

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Combining PNIPAM with a biocompatible NIR-II photothermal agent to prepare near-infrared-responsive hydrogels holds significant importance in the field of biomedical applications. In this study, PNIPAM/Bacterial cellulose (BC)/MXene composite hydrogels were prepared by in-situ polymerization, where Nb2C MXene serving as a near-infrared photothermal agent and BC acting as enhancing filler. The composite hydrogels possess a semi-interpenetrating network structure, where PNIPAM serves as the crosslinking network backbone, and BC act as a semi-interpenetrating network, which significantly enhances
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17

Gao, Tingting, Siqi Gao, Yaling Li, Ruijing Zhang, and Honglin Dong. "The Down-Shifting Luminescence of Rare-Earth Nanoparticles for Multimodal Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Breast Cancer." Biology 13, no. 3 (2024): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13030156.

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Nanotheranostic agents capable of simultaneously enabling real-time tracking and precise treatment at tumor sites play an increasingly pivotal role in the field of medicine. In this article, we report a novel near-infrared-II window (NIR-II) emitting downconversion rare-earth nanoparticles (RENPs) to improve image-guided therapy for breast cancer. The developed α-NaErF4@NaYF4 nanoparticles (α-Er NPs) have a diameter of approximately 24.1 nm and exhibit superior biocompatibility and negligible toxicity. RENPs exhibit superior imaging quality and photothermal conversion efficiency in the NIR-II
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Cabana, Sonia, Alberto Curcio, Aude Michel, Claire Wilhelm, and Ali Abou-Hassan. "Iron Oxide Mediated Photothermal Therapy in the Second Biological Window: A Comparative Study between Magnetite/Maghemite Nanospheres and Nanoflowers." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (2020): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081548.

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The photothermal use of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) is becoming more and more popular and documented. Herein, we compared the photothermal (PT) therapy potential versus magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) modality of magnetic nanospheres, largely used in the biomedical field and magnetic multicore nanoflowers known among the best nanoheaters. The NPs were imaged using transmission electron microscopy and their optical properties characterized by UV-Vis-NIR-I-II before oxidation (magnetite) and after oxidation to maghemite. The efficiency of all NPs in MHT and PT in the preferred second nea
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19

Gargioni, Chiara, Mykola Borzenkov, Laura D’Alfonso, et al. "Self-Assembled Monolayers of Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles on Glass as Antibacterial Coatings." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (2020): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020352.

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We developed an easy and reproducible synthetic method to graft a monolayer of copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NP) on glass and exploited their particular antibacterial features. Samples were fully characterized showing a good stability, a neat photo-thermal effect when irradiated in the Near InfraRed (NIR) region (in the so called “biological window”), and the ability to release controlled quantities of copper in water. The desired antibacterial activity is thus based on two different mechanisms: (i) slow and sustained copper release from CuS NP-glass samples, (ii) local temperature increas
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20

Kamimura, Masao, Taiki Matsumoto, Satoru Suyari, Masakazu Umezawa та Kohei Soga. "Ratiometric near-infrared fluorescence nanothermometry in the OTN-NIR (NIR II/III) biological window based on rare-earth doped β-NaYF4 nanoparticles". Journal of Materials Chemistry B 5, № 10 (2017): 1917–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb00070g.

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21

Wortmann, L., S. Suyari, T. Ube, M. Kamimura та K. Soga. "Tuning the thermal sensitivity of β-NaYF4: Yb3+, Ho3+, Er3+ nanothermometers for optimal temperature sensing in OTN-NIR (NIR II/III) biological window". Journal of Luminescence 198 (червень 2018): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.01.049.

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22

Akhigbe, Joshua, Michael Luciano, Adewole O. Atoyebi, Steffen Jockusch, and Christian Brückner. "Quinoline-annulated porphyrin platinum complexes as NIR emitters." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 24, no. 01n03 (2020): 386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424619501256.

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The platinum(II) complexes of known quinoline-annulated porphyrins were prepared and spectroscopically characterized. Their optical properties (UV-vis absorption and phosphorescence spectra and phosphorescence lifetimes) were recorded and contrasted against their 2,3-dioxoporphyrin precursor platinum(II) complex. The absorbance and emission spectra (in EtOH glass at 77 K) of the quinoline-annulated porphyrins fall within the NIR optical window of tissue, ranging, depending on the derivative, between [Formula: see text]950 and 1200 nm. The much red-shifted optical spectra, when compared to thei
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23

Silva, J. F., A. C. C. Soares, T. O. Sales, U. Rocha, W. F. Silva, and C. Jacinto. "Optical nanothermometer of CaF2:Yb3+/Er3+ nanocrystals under excitation at the minimum of the NIR-II biological window." Journal of Luminescence 263 (November 2023): 120143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2023.120143.

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López-Peña, Gabriel, Silvia Simón-Fuente, Dirk H. Ortgies, et al. "Eosin Y-Functionalized Upconverting Nanoparticles: Nanophotosensitizers and Deep Tissue Bioimaging Agents for Simultaneous Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications." Cancers 15, no. 1 (2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010102.

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Functionalized upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are promising theragnostic nanomaterials for simultaneous therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. We present two types of non-toxic eosin Y (EY) nanoconjugates derived from UCNPs as novel nanophotosensitizers (nano-PS) and deep-tissue bioimaging agents employing light at 800 nm. This excitation wavelength ensures minimum cell damage, since the absorption of water is negligible, and increases tissue penetration, enhancing the specificity of the photodynamic treatment (PDT). These UCNPs are uniquely qualified to fulfil three important roles: as nano
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Kondratenko, T. S., M. S. Smirnov, O. V. Ovchinnikov, I. G. Grevtseva, and A. N. Latyshev. "IR Luminescence of Polyfunctional Associates of Indocianine Green and Ag-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-S Quantum Dots-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-." Журнал технической физики 128, no. 8 (2020): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2020.08.49731.1007-20.

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In this work, manifestations of IR luminescence sensitization of Indocyanine Green during conjugation with colloidal Ag2S quantum dots with average size of 2.2 and 3.7 nm, passivated with thioglycolic acid molecules (Ag2S/TGA QDs) are studied using absorption and luminescence techniques. The possibility of enhancing luminescence in the dye monomer band (820 nm) under excitation of 660 nm by a factor of 6 in the presence of Ag2S/TGA QDs (2.2 nm) due to a decrease in the dye polymethine chain due movement via coordination interaction with quantum dots was demonstrated. The way to switch-over fro
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Nandi, Somen, Juan Estaun-Panzano, Benjamin Paul Lambert, et al. "Single Molecule Imaging of Sp3 Functionalized Ultrashort Carbon Nanotubes for Deep Brain Tissue Investigation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 8 (2024): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-018824mtgabs.

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Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence microscopy has attracted significant attention for in vivo deep tissue imaging due to the combination of low light scattering and absorption by the tissues, resulting in good light penetration depth, especially in the NIR-II window (~1000–1350 nm). In this context, NIR photoluminescence (PL) (λem ~ 900–1400 nm) of single-walled carbon nanotubes overlapping with the so-called “tissue transparency window” laid the foundation for their use in bioimaging and sensing applications. Interestingly, although ultrashort carbon nanotubes (usCNTs) had long been sought for
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Sadowska, Karolina, and JacekM Ariusz Żmojda. "Effect of the temperature on the luminescence profile of photonic materials for biological applications." Photonics Letters of Poland 15, no. 4 (2023): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v15i4.1246.

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Temperature has a significant impact on the luminescence profile of photonic materials for biological applications. This paper presents the effect of temperature on the luminescence profile of three different photonic materials in the range of the second biological window. The effect of temperature on luminescence properties is shown on glass, glass-ceramics, and phosphors co-doped with Eu3+/Nd3+/Yb3+ under UV laser diode excitation. Each sample has been analyzed for temperature effects on optical parameters in biological window ranges. Moreover the effect of temperature on mechanisms of energ
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Salazar Sandoval, Sebastián, Elizabeth Cortés-Adasme, Eduardo Gallardo-Toledo та ін. "β-Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosponges Inclusion Compounds Associated with Gold Nanorods for Potential NIR-II Drug Delivery". Pharmaceutics 14, № 10 (2022): 2206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102206.

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This article describes the synthesis and characterization of two nanocarriers consisting of β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (NSs) inclusion compounds (ICs) and gold nanorods (AuNRs) for potential near-infrared II (NIR-II) drug-delivery systems. These nanosystems sought to improve the stability of two drugs, namely melphalan (MPH) and curcumin (CUR), and to trigger their photothermal release after a laser irradiation stimulus (1064 nm). The inclusion of MPH and CUR inside each NS was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrar
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Yang, Zhicheng, Xiaoxiao Fan, Xianglong Liu, et al. "Aggregation-induced emission fluorophores based on strong electron-acceptor 2,2′-(anthracene-9,10-diylidene) dimalononitrile for biological imaging in the NIR-II window." Chemical Communications 57, no. 25 (2021): 3099–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc00742d.

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The novel second near-infrared AIE fluorophores based on strong electron-acceptor 2,2′-(anthracene-9,10-diylidene) dimalononitrile have been successfully used in mouse vessel imaging with high resolution after capsuling into nanoparticles.
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Jiao, Xiaodan, Lihong Sun, Wei Zhang, et al. "Engineering oxygen-deficient ZrO2-x nanoplatform as therapy-activated “immunogenic cell death (ICD)” inducer to synergize photothermal-augmented sonodynamic tumor elimination in NIR-II biological window." Biomaterials 272 (May 2021): 120787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120787.

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Holca, Alexandru, Vlad Cucuiet, Simion Astilean, Marc Lamy de la Chapelle, and Monica Focsan. "Recent advances in gold nanoparticle-graphene hybrid nanoplatforms with visible to near-infrared response for photodynamic and photothermal therapy and bioimaging." RSC Advances 15, no. 15 (2025): 11902–22. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ra09100k.

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Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) enhance phototherapy, leveraging the NIR-I and NIR-II optical biological windows for improved tissue penetration and targeted cancer treatment.
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Xiong, Jinsong, Qinghuan Bian, Shuijin Lei, et al. "Bi19S27I3 nanorods: a new candidate for photothermal therapy in the first and second biological near-infrared windows." Nanoscale 13, no. 10 (2021): 5369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr09137e.

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Gao, D. Y., X. Ji, J. L. Wang, et al. "Engineering a protein-based nanoplatform as an antibacterial agent for light activated dual-modal photothermal and photodynamic therapy of infection in both the NIR I and II windows." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 6, no. 5 (2018): 732–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb02990j.

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Nunes, L. R. R., H. P. Labaki, F. J. Caixeta, and R. R. Gonçalves. "Yb3+ influence on NIR emission from Pr3+-doped spherical yttria nanoparticles for advances in NIR I and NIR II biological windows." Journal of Luminescence 241 (January 2022): 118485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2021.118485.

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Song, Chunyuan, Fang Li, Xiangyin Guo, et al. "Gold nanostars for cancer cell-targeted SERS-imaging and NIR light-triggered plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) in the first and second biological windows." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 7, no. 12 (2019): 2001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tb00061e.

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Vetrone, Fiorenzo. "(Invited) Rare Earth Doped Nanoparticles." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 36 (2022): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02361319mtgabs.

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Luminescent nanomaterials that can be excited, as well as emit, in the near-infrared (NIR) have been investigated for use in a plethora of applications including nanomedicine, nanoelectronics, biosensing, bioimaging, photovoltaics, photocatalysis, etc. The use of NIR light for excitation mitigates some of the drawbacks associated with high-energy (UV or blue) excitation, for example, little to no background autofluorescence from the specimen under investigation as well as no incurred photodamage. Moreover, one of the biggest limitations is of course, that of penetration. As such, NIR light can
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Vetrone, Fiorenzo. "(Invited) Manipulating Light Emission from Rare Earth Doped Nanoparticles for Applications in Theranostics." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 34 (2023): 1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02341632mtgabs.

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Luminescent nanomaterials that can be excited, as well as emit, in the near-infrared (NIR) have been investigated for use in a plethora of applications including nanomedicine, nanoelectronics, biosensing, bioimaging, photovoltaics, photocatalysis, etc. The use of NIR light for excitation mitigates some of the drawbacks associated with high-energy (UV or blue) excitation, for example, little to no background autofluorescence from the specimen under investigation as well as no incurred photodamage. Moreover, one of the biggest limitations is of course, that of penetration. As such, NIR light can
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Vittadello, Laura, Jan Klenen, Karsten Koempe, Laura Kocsor, Zsuzsanna Szaller та Mirco Imlau. "NIR-to-NIR Imaging: Extended Excitation Up to 2.2 μm Using Harmonic Nanoparticles with a Tunable hIGh EneRgy (TIGER) Widefield Microscope". Nanomaterials 11, № 12 (2021): 3193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123193.

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Near-infrared (NIR) marker-based imaging is of growing importance for deep tissue imaging and is based on a considerable reduction of optical losses at large wavelengths. We aim to extend the range of NIR excitation wavelengths particularly to values beyond 1.6 μm in order to profit from the low loss biological windows NIR-III and NIR-IV. We address this task by studying NIR-excitation to NIR-emission conversion and imaging in the range of 1200 up to 2400 nm at the example of harmonic Mg-doped lithium niobate nanoparticles (i) using a nonlinear diffuse femtosecond-pulse reflectometer and (ii)
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Lyu, Meng, Daoming Zhu, Yanhong Duo, Yang Li, and Hong Quan. "Bimetallic nanodots for tri-modal CT/MRI/PA imaging and hypoxia-resistant thermoradiotherapy in the NIR-II biological windows." Biomaterials 233 (March 2020): 119656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119656.

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Sadowska, Karolina, and Jacek Mariusz Żmojda. "Investigation of the luminescent properties of SiLiZn glass-ceramic phosphor doped Cr3+/Cr4+." Photonics Letters of Poland 17, no. 1 (2025): 23–25. https://doi.org/10.4302/plp.v17i1.1321.

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This study presents the development of Cr2O3 – doped glass-ceramic phosphors with the possibility of obtaining Cr³⁺/Cr⁴⁺ for broadband near – infrared (NIR) emission, targeting for potential applications in NIR phosphor – converted LEDs (pc – LEDs). Optimization of Cr₂O₃ doping and annealing conditions of glass-ceramic, we achieved emission in the range of NIR – I (700 – 950 nm) and NIR – II (1000 – 1700 nm) biological windows. Based on the luminescence measurements performed, in the glass sample, emission bands attributed to Cr³⁺ in an octahedral environment were observed with strong emission
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Gao, Yijian, Ying Liu, Xiliang Li, et al. "A Stable Open-Shell Conjugated Diradical Polymer with Ultra-High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for NIR-II Photo-Immunotherapy of Metastatic Tumor." Nano-Micro Letters 16, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01219-x.

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AbstractMassive efforts have been concentrated on the advance of eminent near-infrared (NIR) photothermal materials (PTMs) in the NIR-II window (1000–1700 nm), especially organic PTMs because of their intrinsic biological safety compared with inorganic PTMs. However, so far, only a few NIR-II-responsive organic PTMs was explored, and their photothermal conversion efficiencies (PCEs) still remain relatively low. Herein, donor–acceptor conjugated diradical polymers with open-shell characteristics are explored for synergistically photothermal immunotherapy of metastatic tumors in the NIR-II windo
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Zhang, Nan-nan, Chen-ying Lu, Min-jiang Chen, et al. "Recent advances in near-infrared II imaging technology for biological detection." Journal of Nanobiotechnology 19, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-00870-z.

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AbstractMolecular imaging technology enables us to observe the physiological or pathological processes in living tissue at the molecular level to accurately diagnose diseases at an early stage. Optical imaging can be employed to achieve the dynamic monitoring of tissue and pathological processes and has promising applications in biomedicine. The traditional first near-infrared (NIR-I) window (NIR-I, range from 700 to 900 nm) imaging technique has been available for more than two decades and has been extensively utilized in clinical diagnosis, treatment and scientific research. Compared with NI
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43

Jin, Minghui, Tao Zhang, Ji‐Guang Li, and Qi Zhu. "Incorporation of Eu3+ in ZnGa2O4:Ni2+ for improved NIR persistent luminescence located in second transparency window." Journal of the American Ceramic Society, September 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jace.19442.

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AbstractIt is well known that near‐infrared (NIR) persistent phosphors have rather low absorption coefficients of biological tissues for NIR light. However, recent research shows that the phosphors emitting NIR lights in second (NIR‐II, 1000–1350 nm) and third (NIR‐III, 1500–1800 nm) biological window have advantages over that in NIR‐I (650–900 nm). Although ZnGa2O4:Ni2+ outputs near‐infrared (NIR) emission and afterglow located in NIR‐II, the weak signal significant limits its application. In this work, persistent luminescent phosphors of ZnGa2O4:xNi2+, yEu3+ (x = 0–0.013, y = 0.01–0.06) (ter
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Fan, Fang, Keyun Zeng, Yingying Zhu, et al. "Second Near‐Infrared Window Fluorescence Materials for In Vivo Dynamic Multiplexed Imaging." Advanced Functional Materials, April 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202422693.

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AbstractSecond near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescence imaging has emerged as a breakthrough technology for accurately revealing complex mechanisms in vivo owing to its high sensitivity, deeper tissue penetration, high spatiotemporal resolution, and high throughput. This review provides a comprehensive overview of NIR‐II fluorescence imaging, specifically focusing on the materials used, including single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), quantum dots (QDs), rare‐earth nanoparticles (RENPs), and organic fluorophores (OFs). It details their development, application, and advantageous performance in NI
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Shaw, Paige A., Ewan Forsyth, Fizza Haseeb, Shufan Yang, Mark Bradley, and Maxime Klausen. "Two-Photon Absorption: An Open Door to the NIR-II Biological Window?" Frontiers in Chemistry 10 (June 24, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2022.921354.

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The way in which photons travel through biological tissues and subsequently become scattered or absorbed is a key limitation for traditional optical medical imaging techniques using visible light. In contrast, near-infrared wavelengths, in particular those above 1000 nm, penetrate deeper in tissues and undergo less scattering and cause less photo-damage, which describes the so-called “second biological transparency window”. Unfortunately, current dyes and imaging probes have severely limited absorption profiles at such long wavelengths, and molecular engineering of novel NIR-II dyes can be a t
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Chan, Ming-Hsien, and Yu-Chan Chang. "Recent advances in near-infrared I/II persistent luminescent nanoparticles for biosensing and bioimaging in cancer analysis." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, April 9, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05267-z.

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AbstractPhotoluminescent materials (PLNs) are photoluminescent materials that can absorb external excitation light, store it, and slowly release it in the form of light in the dark to achieve long-term luminescence. Developing near-infrared (NIR) PLNs is critical to improving long-afterglow luminescent materials. Because they excite in vitro, NIR-PLNs have the potential to avoid interference from in vivo autofluorescence in biomedical applications. These materials are promising for biosensing and bioimaging applications by exploiting the near-infrared biological window. First, we discuss the b
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Li, Yuan, Siyu Ao, TianYu Zhu, et al. "Near infrared‐II light‐sheet microscopy: Basic principle, intellectualization, and medical application." Journal of Intelligent Medicine, November 28, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jim4.18.

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AbstractFluorescence microscopy has emerged as a pivotal tool in biological and medical research, wherein the assessment of penetration depth and imaging resolution serves as crucial indicators of a microscope's efficacy. However, the intricate interaction between photons and biological tissues gives rise to substantial background noise, presenting a formidable challenge. Fortunately, the near‐infrared window (NIR), particularly the NIR‐II range (1000–1700 nm), has emerged as a viable solution to mitigate these challenges and attain optimal imaging outcomes. This review centers on the progress
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Hu, Xiaoming, Zhuting Fang, Caijun Zhu, Yanling Yang, Zhen Yang, and Wei Huang. "Crucial Breakthrough of BODIPY‐Based NIR‐II Fluorescent Emitters for Advanced Biomedical Theranostics." Advanced Functional Materials, March 29, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202401325.

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AbstractFluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) has aroused immense attention for biomedical applications, offering exceptional advantages such as ultra‐low photon scattering and increased tissue penetration. Among the NIR‐II‐emitted organic dyes, Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY), has emerged as a noteworthy candidate. BODIPY, distinguished by its controllable molecular structure and optical properties, outstanding fluorescence quantum yields, high molar absorption coefficients, and remarkable chemical stability, has undergone comprehensive investigation and
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Hattori, Shingo, and Kazuteru Shinozaki. "Recent Advances in Luminescence of Platinum Complexes in the Near Infrared Second Window." ChemPhotoChem, May 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/cptc.202500041.

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The near infrared (NIR) optical window enables to observe biological tissue noninvasively through photoimaging using luminophores. Particularly, the light in the NIR II region of 1000–1400 nm between strong absorption bands of H2O and tissue chromophores is advantageous for photoimaging and phototherapies of deep tissue. Pt complexes possessing the high emission ability and the luminescence tunability are expected to be luminophores for deep imaging and photosensitizers of photodynamic therapy. Herein, the NIR II emission from Pt complexes designed by the strategy of the extension of ligand π
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Xie, Na, Ya Hou, Shaohui Wang, et al. "Second near-infrared (NIR-II) imaging: a novel diagnostic technique for brain diseases." Reviews in the Neurosciences, September 22, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2021-0088.

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Abstract Imaging in the second near-infrared II (NIR-II) window, a kind of biomedical imaging technology with characteristics of high sensitivity, high resolution, and real-time imaging, is commonly used in the diagnosis of brain diseases. Compared with the conventional visible light (400–750 nm) and NIR-I (750–900 nm) imaging, the NIR-II has a longer wavelength of 1000–1700 nm. Notably, the superiorities of NIR-II can minimize the light scattering and autofluorescence of biological tissue with the depth of brain tissue penetration up to 7.4 mm. Herein, we summarized the main principles of NIR
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