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Jonsson, Patrik. "Surface Status Classification, Utilizing Image Sensor Technology and Computer Models." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-24828.
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There is a great need to develop systems that can continuously provide correct information about road surface status depending on the prevailing weather conditions. This will minimize accidents and optimize transportation. In this thesis different methods for the determination of the road surface status have been studied and analyzed, and suggestions of new technology are proposed. Information about the road surface status is obtained traditionally from various sensors mounted directly in the road surface. This information must then be analyzed to create automated warning systems for road users and road maintenance personnel. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how existing technologies can be used to obtain a more accurate description of the current road conditions. Another purpose is also to investigate how existing technologies can be used to obtain a more accurate description of the current road conditions. Furthermore, the aim is to develop non-contact technologies able to determine and classify road conditions over a larger area, since there is no system available today that can identify differences in road surface status in the wheel tracks and between the wheel tracks. Literature studies have been carried out to find the latest state of the art research and technology, and the research work is mainly based on empirical studies. A large part of the research has involved planning and setting up laboratory experiments to test and verify hypotheses that have emerged from the literature studies. Initially a few traditional road-mounted sensors were analyzed regarding their ability to determine the road conditions and the impact on their measured values when the sensors were exposed to contamination agents such as glycol and oil. Furthermore, non-contact methods for determining the status of the road surface have been studied. Images from cameras working in the visible range, together data from the Swedish Transportation Administration road weather stations, have been used to develop computerized road status classification models that can distinguish between a dry, wet, icy and snowy surface. Field observations have also been performed to get the ground truth for developing these models. In order to improve the ability to accurately distinguish between different surface statuses, measurement systems involving sensors working in the Near-Infrared (NIR) range have been utilized. In this thesis a new imaging method for determining road conditions with NIR camera technology is developed and described. This method was tested in a field study performed during the winter 2013-2014 with successful results. The results show that some traditional sensors could be used even with future user-friendly de-icing chemicals. The findings from using visual camera systems and meteorological parameters to determine the road status showed that they provide previously unknown information about road conditions. It was discovered that certain road conditions such as black ice is not always detectable using this technology. Therefore, research was performed that utilized the NIR region where it proved to be possible to detect and distinguish different road conditions, such as black ice. NIR camera technology was introduced in the research since the aim of the thesis was to find a method that provides information on the status of the road over a larger area. The results show that if several images taken in different spectral bands are analyzed with the support of advanced computer models, it is possible to distinguish between a dry, wet, icy and snowy surface. This resulted in the development of a NIR camera system that can distinguish between different surface statuses. Finally, two of these prototype systems for road condition classification were evaluated. These systems were installed at E14 on both sides of the border between Sweden and Norway. The results of these field tests show that this new road status classification, based on NIR imaging spectral analysis, provides new information about the status of the road surface, compared to what can be obtained from existing measurement systems, particularly for detecting differences in and between the wheel tracks.
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Manso, Jalice Y. "Sensor fusion of IR, NIR, and Raman spectroscopic data for polymorph quantitation of an agrochemical compound." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 37 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1694432951&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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da, Silva Albuquerque Jackson. "Desenvolvimento de um sensor óptico para a determinação de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos em águas empregando a espectroscopia no infravermalho próximo (NIR)." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2004. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/6771.
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Previous issue date: 2004<br>A contaminação de águas subterrâneas e superficiais com poluentes orgânicos,
como os hidrocarbonetos presentes nos derivados de petróleo, causa um perigo
potencial à saúde das populações, tornando-se necessário à avaliação contínua dos
níveis de concentração destas substâncias. Para isso, é importante o desenvolvimento de
técnicas analíticas de baixo custo para o monitoramento contínuo e remoto de águas de
drenagem contaminadas e para o controle de efluentes industriais. Os hidrocarbonetos
aromáticos, como o benzeno, o tolueno, o etilbenzeno e os xilenos (BTEX), são os
constituintes da gasolina mais solúveis em água e, assim, podem se difundir com
facilidade no lençol freático. A espectroscopia na região do Infravermelho Próximo
(NIR) vem sendo adotada em várias áreas, como na agricultura, nas indústrias
alimentícias, farmacêuticas, químicas e petroquímicas, por ser uma técnica simples,
rápida, não-destrutiva e de baixo custo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento
de um sensor óptico à base de uma fase sensora de silicona acoplada a um
espectrofotômetro NIR (Infravermelho Próximo) para a determinação de BTEX em
amostras aquosas. Inicialmente foram avaliados diferentes tipos de silicona com
características apropriadas para construção do sensor, como transparência e
plasticidade, tendo-se selecionado a silicona à base de Polidimetilsiloxano (PDMS). Um
estudo dinâmico foi efetuado para avaliação do tempo de resposta da sonda para cada
constituinte dos BTEX, adotando-se a resposta da sonda como sendo de um sistema de
primeira ordem. Com este estudo, comprovou-se que o sistema tem um comportamento
de primeira ordem, tornando válido o modelo proposto para a difusão de
hidrocarbonetos aromáticos em silicona à base de PDMS. Os tempos de resposta para o
benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e m-xileno foram de 0,48 h, 1,34 h, 2,00 h e 1,97 h,
respectivamente. Realizando-se uma análise por componentes principais dos dados
espectrais obtidos para cada composto individualmente, misturas contendo BTEX e
amostras contaminadas por gasolina e diesel, verificou-se que é possível distinguir se
uma amostra aquosa tem um dos aromáticos em estudo e se a mesma foi contaminada
por gasolina ou óleo diesel. Diante disso, pode-se concluir que o sistema sensor-NIR
pode ser utilizado para determinação qualitativa de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos em
águas superficiais e subterrâneas
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Dai, Bin. "SIMULATIONS-GUIDED DESIGN OF PROCESS ANALYTICAL SENSOR USING MOLECULAR FACTOR COMPUTING." UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/483.
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Many areas of science now generate huge volumes of data that present visualization, modeling, and interpretation challenges. Methods for effectively representing the original data in a reduced coordinate space are therefore receiving much attention. The purpose of this research is to test the hypothesis that molecular computing of vectors for transformation matrices enables spectra to be represented in any arbitrary coordinate system. New coordinate systems are selected to reduce the dimensionality of the spectral hyperspace and simplify the mechanical/electrical/computational construction of a spectrometer. A novel integrated sensing and processing system, termed Molecular Factor Computing (MFC) based near infrared (NIR) spectrometer, is proposed in this dissertation. In an MFC -based NIR spectrometer, spectral features are encoded by the transmission spectrum of MFC filters which effectively compute the calibration function or the discriminant functions by weighing the signals received from a broad wavelength band. Compared with the conventional spectrometers, the novel NIR analyzer proposed in this work is orders of magnitude faster and more rugged than traditional spectroscopy instruments without sacrificing the accuracy that makes it an ideal analytical tool for process analysis. Two different MFC filter-generating algorithms are developed and tested for searching a near-infrared spectral library to select molecular filters for MFC-based spectroscopy. One using genetic algorithms coupled with predictive modeling methods to select MFC filters from a spectral library for quantitative prediction is firstly described. The second filter-generating algorithm designed to select MFC filters for qualitative classification purpose is then presented. The concept of molecular factor computing (MFC)-based predictive spectroscopy is demonstrated with quantitative analysis of ethanol-in-water mixtures in a MFC-based prototype instrument.
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Al-Asadi, Raed. "Combined sensor of dielectric constant and visible and near infrared spectroscopy to measure soil compaction using artificial neural networks." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9334.
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Soil compaction is a widely spread problem in agricultural soils that has negative agronomic and environmental impacts. The former may lead to poor crop growth and yield, whereas the latter may lead to poor hydraulic properties of soils, and high risk to flooding, soil erosion and degradation. Therefore, the elimination of soil compaction must be done on regular bases. One of the main parameters to quantify soil compaction is soil bulk density (BD). Mapping of within field variation in soil BD will be a main requirement for within field management of soil compaction. The aim of this research was to develop a new approach for the measurement of soil BD as an indicator of soil compaction. The research relies on the fusion of data from visible and near infrared spectroscopy (vis-NIRS), to measure soil gravimetric moisture content (ω), with frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) data to measure soil volumetric moisture content (θv). The values of the estimated ω and θv, for the same undisturbed soil samples were collected from selected locations, textures, soil moisture contents and land use systems to derive soil BD. A total of 1013 samples were collected from 32 sites in the England and Wales. Two calibration techniques for vis-NIRS were evaluated, namely, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and artificial neural networks (ANN). ThetaProbe calibration was performed using the general formula (GF), soil specific calibration (SSC), the output voltage (OV) and artificial neural networks (ANN). ANN analyses for both ω and θv properties were based either on a single input variable or multiple input variables (data fusion). Effects of texture, moisture content, and land use on the prediction accuracy on ω, θv and BD were evaluated to arrive at the best experimental conditions for the measurement of BD with the proposed new system. A prototype was developed and tested under laboratory conditions and implemented in-situ for mapping of ω, θv and BD. When using the entire dataset (general data set), results proved that high measurement accuracy can be obtained for ω and θv with PLSR and the best performing traditional calibration method of the ThetaProbe with R2 values of 0.91 and 0.97, and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEp) of 0.027 g g-1 and 0.019 cm3 cm-3, respectively. However, the ANN – data fusion method resulted in improved accuracy (R2 = 0.98 and RMSEp = 0.014 g g-1 and 0.015 cm3 cm-3, respectively). This data fusion approach gave the best accuracy for BD assessment when only vis-NIRS spectra and ThetaProbe V were used as an input data (R2 = 0.81 and RMSEp = 0.095 g cm-3). The moisture level (L) impact on BD prediction revealed that the accuracy improved with soil moisture increasing, with RMSEp values of 0.081, 0.068 and 0.061 g cm-3, for average ω of 0.11, 0.20 and 0.28 g g-1, respectively. The influence of soil texture was discussed in relation with the clay content in %. It was found that clay positively affected vis-NIRS accuracy for ω measurement and no obvious impact on the dielectric sensor readings was observed, hence, no clear influence of the soil textures on the accuracy of BD prediction. But, RMSEp values of BD assessment ranged from 0.046 to 0.115 g cm-3. The land use effect of BD prediction showed measurement of grassland soils are more accurate compared to arable land soils, with RMSEp values of 0.083 and 0.097 g cm-3, respectively. The prototype measuring system showed moderate accuracy during the laboratory test and encouraging precision of measuring soil BD in the field test, with RMSEp of 0.077 and 0.104 g cm-3 of measurement for arable land and grassland soils, respectively. Further development of the prototype measuring system expected to improve prediction accuracy of soil BD. It can be concluded that BD can be measured accurately by combining the vis-NIRS and FDR techniques based on an ANN-data fusion approach.
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Giachero, Eduardo Alberto. "Construção e avaliação de um espectrofotometro infravermelho proximo (NIR) baseado em arranjo de sensores de PbS." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249952.
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: Este trabalho propõe o projeto e construção de um espectrofotômetro infravermelho próximo (NIR), compacto e de baixo custo, e a avaliação do seu desempenho na determinação de propriedades físico-químicas de combustíveis líquidos derivados do petróleo, visando a utilização do equipamento no controle dos processos de fabricação destes combustíveis. Na fase inicial do trabalho, foram investigados os tipos mais representativos de espectrofotômetros NIR utilizados atualmente pela indústria, analisando vantagens e desvantagens para auxiliar na definição dos componentes básicos do protótipo. Numa segunda etapa do projeto, foi executada a montagem de um protótipo baseado num detector de arranjo de sensores de PbS operando na faixa espectral de 2.100 a 2.500 nm, com a finalidade de determinar os parâmetros básicos do desempenho do equipamento (linearidade, repetibilidade, ruído e estabilidade do sinal). Numa terceira etapa foram introduzidas melhoras significativas no controle de temperatura do detector e optou-se pela mudança da faixa espectral de trabalho para 1600 a 2000 nm. Na última etapa foram construídos modelos PLS multivariados empregando-se espectros de 90 amostras de óleo diesel, visando a determinação de 5 parâmetros de qualidade deste combustível (índice de cetano e temperaturas de destilação de 10, 50, 85 e 90 % do volume do diesel). Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os obtidos por um instrumento FT-NIR comercial, verificando-se desempenho equivalente. Os erros de estimação obtidos no protótipo (RMSECV) foram de 0,41 para o índice de cetano e de 3,1, 2,6, 3,4 e 4,0 °C para as temperaturas de destilação de 10, 50, 85 e 90 % do volume do diesel, respectivamente. Estes valores são inferiores ao erro de reprodutibilidade dos métodos analíticos de referência especificados pelas normas D86 e D4737 da ASTM.<br>Abstract: This work proposes the design and construction of a compact and low cost near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer, and the evaluation of its performance in determination of physico-chemical properties of liquids fuels derived from petroleum with the aim of using the instrument in the process control of production of these fuels. In the initial step of this work, the more representatives NIR spectrophotometers used by the industry were investigated, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages to help in the definition of the basics components of the prototype. In a second step, a prototype was assembled using a PbS array detector, working in a spectral range from 2100 to 2500 nm to determine the basic parameters of system performance (linearity, repeatibility, signal noise, stability). In a third step, a critical improvement was made to better control the detector temperature. The spectral range was changed to 1600 ¿ 2000 nm, too. In the last step, PLS multivariate models were developed using the spectra set obtained for 90 samples of diesel with the objective of determine 5 quality parameters of this fuel (cetane index, distillation temperatures of 10, 50, 85 and 90% volume of diesel). The results were compared with those obtained by an FT-NIR commercial instrument, achieving equivalent performance. The estimated error obtained for the prototype (RMESV) were 0.41 to the cetane index and 3.1, 2.6, 3.4 and 4.0 for the distillation temperatures of 10, 50, 85 and 90% volume of diesel, respectively. These values are under the reproductibility error of the reference analytical methods especified by the D86 and D4737 ASTM standards.<br>Mestrado<br>Quimica Analitica<br>Mestre em Química
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Benselfelt, Tobias. "Flow Cytometry Sensor System Targeting Escherichia Coli as an Indicator of Faecal Contamination of Water Sources." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teknisk biologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108004.
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Poor water quality is a global health concern affecting one billion people around the world. It is important to monitor water sources in order to maintain the quality of our drinking water and to avoid disease outbreaks. Targeting Escherichia coli as a faecal indicator is a widely used procedure, but the current methods are time consuming and not adequate to prevent spreading of faecal influence. This Master thesis demonstrates the development of a near infrared fluorescence flow cytometer sensor system targeting Escherichia coli, using fluorescently labeled chicken IgY antibodies. The near infrared light was chosen to avoid fluorescence from blue-green algae that are present in the water source. The hardware was developed with a 785 nm laser line to detect Alexa Fluor 790 labeled antibodies, using a photomultiplier tube or two different CMOS cameras. The antibodies were labeled using a commercial labeling kit, and evaluated using antibody binding assays and the developed hardware. The IgY antibodies were successfully labeled with Alexa Fluor 790 and the function was maintained after the labeling process. The result demonstrates the principles of the sensor system and how it solved to the problem with fluorescence from blue-green algae. An aperture was used to overcome the suboptimal laser and filter setup, and to increase the sensitivity of the system. However, only a small fraction of the cells could be detected, due to challenges with the focal depth and loss of sensitivity in the photomultiplier tube at near infrared wavelengths. Further development is required to create a working product.
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TUGNOLO, ALESSIO. "FEASIBILITY STUDIES AND ENGINEERING OF OPTICAL SIMPLIFIED AND STAND-ALONE DEVICES FOR AGRI-FOOD APPLICATIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/913669.
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The food industry needs to comply with more strict rules (from regulatory agencies) and meet customers’ demands for higher quality. Emerging technologies for quality and safety inspection are becoming fundamental and needful to fulfil these purposes.
The optical techniques have been using in different fields (agriculture, food, chemistry etc.). During harvest, post-harvest and food processing these techniques are well applied to predict crucial quality parameters. Spectra of intact food samples can be measured in few seconds without any sample preparation and expert personnel trained. Compared to this technology, chemical techniques are time-consuming, require sample preparation and use of chemical reagents which are often not sustainable for the environment.
This PhD project regards different applications of non-destructive optical techniques to evaluate the quality of agri-food products as well as the development of customized optical devices to fulfil the needs of agri-food chain which is going toward a concept of industry 4.0.
This thesis starts with a focus on optical sensing in terms of concept, data management and general applications in agri-food chains highlighting the attitude to be a green technology. Then, in two chapters were set the stage for models' development using commercial benchtop and portable optical devices to enhance the advantages of this technique in terms of performance (compared to other analytical instruments) and versatility in coffee industry and in the olive supply chain. Moreover, thanks to the need of the winemaking industry to improve the production of high-quality wines, another chapter was developed to show the latest frontiers in terms of data collection for maturation control of wine grapes. Therefore, optical hand-held and stand-alone prototypes were designed, built, and tested in order to shift the current paradigm of grape maturation monitoring (based on lab analysis) with a new one that allows a low-cost non-destructive real-time monitoring providing information with temporal and spatial resolution.
Finally, a last chapter has been introduced as an initial step for future developments in the field of hyperspectral imaging sensors. Therefore, a cost-effective hyperspectral device was developed to drastically reduce the cost of these instruments comparing it with those present on the market. To clarify, for these instruments the cost limitations are not strictly related to the device itself but for the specific applications. Indeed, even though the hyperspectral imaging technique can collect a large amount of data, the application of only one device (in some cases) is not enough to cover all the critical points the industry has to face. The production process in a firm or the monitoring in field require distributed systems to collect data and provide information. In these circumstances, considering the application of several hyperspectral devices, the costs become prohibitive for the majority of the companies and the research is going toward the development of hyperspectral sensors taking into account a considerable cost reduction.
To conclude, this PhD project has proved advantages and frontiers of optical sensing as one of the most efficient and advanced tools for safety and quality evaluation in the food industry throughout the entire production process.
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Rivera, Sarrate Laia. "Desarrollo de sensores optoquímicos miniaturizados basados en medidas de fluorescencia y el uso de fluoroionóforos VIS-NIR." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3320.
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En el presente trabajo se han diseñado, construido y evaluado dos fluorosensores miniaturizados y portátiles, que pueden representar una alternativa a la instrumentación analítica clásica de elevado coste, gran tamaño y elevado consumo de reactivos, que necesita de mantenimiento y de personal especializado para su utilización. El empleo de fluorescencia representa intrínsecamente una ventaja en términos de sensibilidad y minimización de interferencias, ya que existen muy pocas moléculas que sean fluorescentes, y menos aún en la zona vis-NIR del espectro electromagnético. Asimismo, los dos dispositivos desarrollados presentan una gran versatilidad para su posible uso en la detección de diversos analitos en función del optodo seleccionado. Los optodos empleados en los dispositivos desarrollados incluyen cromo(fluoro)ionóforos que han sido diseñados, sintetizados y caracterizados en el presente trabajo para operar con la instrumentación miniaturizada y de bajo coste disponible. Se han diseñado, sintetizado y caracterizado nuevos colorantes cianina (croconinas, cetocianinas y (nor)cianinas-anilinas) para su utilización como cromo(fluoro)ionóforos en optodos, tanto en medidas basadas en absorbancia como en fluorescencia.<br/>El primer dispositivo opera integrado como detector en un sistema de análisis por inyección de flujo continuo (FIA), y tanto con un optodo selectivo a potasio, como con uno selectivo a plomo, ha mostrado unas apropiadas características analíticas. Su utilización en la determinación de potasio en muestras dopadas de agua potable de red y de plomo en extractos de suelos contaminados ha demostrado su aplicabilidad en muestras reales. <br/>El segundo dispositivo consiste en una sonda más portátil y manejable y en la que la intercambiabilidad de la membrana es más fácil, para realizar medidas in-situ y en discontinuo. Ésta se ha activado químicamente con un optodo selectivo a plomo y ha mostrado adecuadas propiedades analíticas de respuesta. Finalmente, se ha aplicado a la determinación de plomo en muestras naturales, verificándose su buen funcionamiento.<br>In this study two miniaturized and portable fluorosensors were designed, constructed and evaluated. These sensors represent an alternative to classical analytical instrumentation which can be expensive, bulky and reagent dependent, not to mention the need for specialized technicians for its use and maintenance. <br/>The use of fluorescence represents an intrinsic advantage with regard to sensibility and interference minimization, since few fluorescent molecules exist in the vis-NIR region of the electromagnetic spectrum. These devices are also versatile; depending on the selected optode they can be used in the detection of diverse analytes. The optodes employed in these devices include chromo(fluoro)iononophores and were designed, synthesized and characterized in this study to operate with miniaturized and low-cost instrumentation. New cyanine dyes (croconines, ketocyanines and (nor)cyanine-anilines) were designed, synthesized and characterized for use as chromo(fluoro)iononophores in optodes for absorbance-based measurements as well as for fluorescence-based measurements. <br/>The first device operates as an integrated detector in a continuous flow injection analysis (FIA) system and showed excellent analytical performance with a potassium-selective optode, as well as with a lead-selective one. Its use in the determination of potassium in doped potable water samples, and of lead in contaminated soil extracts, demonstrates its applicability to natural samples. <br/>The second device consists of a more portable and user-friendly dip-probe which facilitates the interchangeability of the membrane when in-situ and continuous measurements are carried out. The dip-probe device was chemically activated with a lead-selective optode and also demonstrated good analytical response properties.<br/>Finally, this second device was applied to lead determination in natural samples, resulting in positive verifiable performance.
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Barros, Sergio Bitencourt Araújo 1982. "Síntese e caracterização de material cerâmico condutor SiO2/C modificado com ftalocianina de níquel (II) e do compósito cerâmico SiO2-NiO : aplicação na construção de sensores eletroquímicos." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249706.
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Orientador: Yoshitaka Gushikem<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T21:51:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2013<br>Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta a síntese, caracterização e aplicação de matrizes cerâmicas condutoras SiO2/C morfologicamente e texturalmente diferentes e do compósito cerâmico microporoso SiO2-NiO não modificado e modificado com hidróxido de níquel. Assim, três materiais carbono cerâmicos SiO2/C com diferentes porosidades foram preparados pelo método sol-gel, usando como catalisador HNO3, HF e HNO3/HF, sendo as áreas superficiais (SBET) dos produtos obtidos determinadas como 246, 201 e 356 m g, respectivamente. Os materiais foram caracterizados usando isotermas de adsorção-dessorção de N2, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e medidas de condutividade. As matrizes SiO2/C foram usadas como suporte para imobilização in situ de ftalocianina de Ni(II) (NiPc) em suas superfícies. Medidas de XPS foram usadas para determinar as razões atômicas Ni/Si dos materiais modificados com NiPc. Eletrodos de disco rígido preparados a partir das matrizes SiO2/C modificadas com NiPc foram testados como sensores para dopamina. O eletrodo modificado preparado usando HNO3 mostrou excelente atividade catalítica para determinação simultânea de ácido ascórbico (H2AA) e dopamina (DA), com sensibilidade de 53,02 e 104,17 mA mmol dm, respectivamente. Numa segunda etapa, um composito SiO2-NiO preparado pelo método sol-gel foi calcinado a 673 K e caracterizado por infravermelho, difração de raios X, isotermas de adsorção-dessorção de N2, MEV, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, XPS e condutividade. O material obtido mostrou-se microporoso e microestruturalmente caracterizado pela formação de nanopartículas de NiO, na fase cristalina cúbica, bem distribuídas na matriz de sílica amorfa. Eletrodos do compósito microporoso SiO2-NiO apresentaram um bom desempenho na oxidação eletrocatalítica de H2AA, exibindo alta sensibilida(61,57 mA mmol dm), baixo limite de detecção (8,54 mmol dm) e longo tempo de estabilidade. Um sensor não enzimático sensível e seletivo para detecção de glicose foi preparado a partir do eletrodo SiO2-NiO modificado com hidróxido de níquel na fase estrutural a-Ni(OH)2. Os resultados obtidos para o eletrodo SiO2-NiO modificado com hidróxido mostraram a viabilidade da aplicação do material no desenvolvimento de um sensor amperométrico altamente sensível a glicose<br>Abstract: This work presents the synthesis, characterization an application of SiO2/C conductive ceramic matrices morphologically and texturally different and of microporous SiO2-NiO ceramic composite unmodified and modified with nickel hydroxide. Thus three SiO2/C carbon ceramic materials with different porosities were prepared by the sol-gel method, using HNO3, HF, and HNO3/HF as catalyst and the surface areas (SBET) of products were determined as 246, 201, and 356 m g, respectively. The materials were characterized using N2 adsorption¿desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and conductivity measurements. The SiO2/C matrices were used as supports for the in situ immobilization of Ni(II) phthalocyanine (NiPc) on their surfaces. XPS was used to determine the Ni/Si atomic ratios of the NiPc-modified materials. Pressed disk electrodes were prepared with the NiPc-modified matrices, and tested as sensors for dopamine. The electrode prepared using HNO3 showed excellent catalytic activity for the simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid (H2AA) and dopamine (DA), with sensitivities of 5.02 and 104.17 mA mmol dm, respectively. In a second step, a SiO2-NiO composite prepared by the sol-gel method was calcined at 673 K and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption¿desorption isotherms, SEM, transmission electron microscopy, XPS, and conductivity. The material obtained was found to be microporous and microstructurally characterized by the formation of NiO nanoparticles in the cubic crystalline phase, well distributed in the amorphous silica matrix. Electrodes of the microporous SiO2-NiO composite showed a good performance in the electrocatalytic oxidation of H2AA, exhibiting high sensitivity (61.57 mA mmol dm), low detection limit (8.54 mmol dm), and long term stability. A sensitive and selective nonenzymatic glucose sensor was prepared from the SiO2-NiO electrode modified with nickel hydroxide in the structural phase a-Ni(OH)2. The results obtained for the SiO2-NiO modified electrode showed the viability of applying the material in developing a highly sensitive amperometric glucose sensor<br>Doutorado<br>Quimica Inorganica<br>Doutor em Ciências
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Nygård, Skalman Jonas. "CO2 Sensor Core on FPGA : ASIC prototyping and cost estimates." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-35963.
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Demand of CO2 gas sensors is expected to continue to increase in the foreseeable future, due to an increasing awareness of air pollution and fossil fuel emissions. A truly low cost and accurate NDIR sensor has the potential of greatly benefiting the environment by an increased human awareness due to CO2 measurements. In the objective to reach these goals, a CO2 sensor core on an ASIC needs to be investigated. In this study an ASIC prototype design is tested on an FPGA and evaluated towards logic resource requirements, power analysis and estimated cost impacts towards a full ASIC. The results show that a potential ASIC implementation would have a very small cost impact on a full system design if the use of a preexisting ASIC design is utilized. Using a manufacturing process of 180 nm, the total logic implementation would require between 0.54-0.76 mm2. The cost impact of such a logic area would be around $0.025 USD per chip. The power consumption of the logical part would also be very small when compared to the various analog components of a full system design.
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Passeraub, Philippe Alfons. "An integrated inductive proximity sensor /." Lausanne, 1999. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1939.
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Flores, Douglas William Menezes. "Sistemas não invasivos para classificação de laranjas por meio de parâmetros físico-químicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-28092015-124148/.
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O controle de qualidade de laranjas desde a colheita até a comercialização é realizado com base em análises físico-químicas. Todavia, estas análises são destrutivas. Neste cenário, sistemas não invasivos para aferir a qualidade, são alternativas promissoras. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os métodos de análises não destrutivas como a Ressonância Magnética em baixo campo (RMN) e espectroscopias de infravermelho médio (MIR) e próximo (NIR), associadas à quimiometria, para analisar parâmetros de qualidade de laranjas de forma não invasiva. O experimento ocorreu na unidade da Embrapa Instrumentação em São Carlos, SP. Foram coletadas 470 laranjas, obtidas em cultivos comerciais no interior do estado de São Paulo. As frutas passaram pelas etapas de seleção, higienização e sanitização. Em seguida, foram submetidas à análise não invasiva pelos equipamentos de RMN, NIR e MIR. Os parâmetros de qualidade avaliados foram, massa fresca, diâmetros longitudinal e transversal do fruto, teor de sólidos solúveis (SST), pH, acidez total titulável (ATT), índice de maturação (ratio) e rendimento de suco. Para os sinais de RMN foi aplicada a suavização de Savitzky-Golay com largura de janela de 21 pontos. Para os sinais de NIR foi aplicado a variação normal padrão (SNV) e para os sinais de MIR foi aplicada a normalização (0-1), seguido da segunda derivada. O modelo de predição foi construído utilizando a regressão por mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS) para cada parâmetro de qualidade. Os modelos desenvolvidos por RMN-PLS validados para predição foram: massa fresca; coeficiente de Pearson da predição (r) = 0,97, erro padrão da predição (SEP) = 13,57. Diâmetro longitudinal; r = 0,91 e SEP = 3,37. Diâmetro transversal; r = 0,92 e SEP = 2,73. SST; r = 0,81 e SEP = 0,88. Rendimento de suco; r = 0,78 e SEP = 3,26 e pH r = 0,74 e SEP = 0,17. Os parâmetros de índice de maturação e ATT não puderam ser validados utilizando RMN-PLS. Os modelos de NIR-PLS validados foram: SST; r = 0,92 e SEP = 0,71. ATT; r = 0,92 e SEP = 0,30. Os demais parâmetros não puderam ser validados por NIR-PLS. Para os modelos de MIR-PLS, o melhor resultado encontrado foi para validação interna do modelo de pH, r Validação = 0,80 e erro padrão da validação (SEV) de 0,16. A classificação desenvolvida utilizando os modelos de parâmetros físicos de RMN-PLS apresentaram acurácia para diâmetro transversal de 80,00%. As classificações por parâmetros químicos, como teor de sólidos solúveis revelou acurácia de 81,10% e para pH de 61,11%. Para as classificações por PLS-NIR para o ratio a acurácia foi igual a 87,95%. Os frutos classificados de forma não invasiva para a análise sensorial no teste de comparação pareada, apresentaram respostas significativas para sucos classificados pelos modelos de RMN-PLS a nível de p=0,05. Para os frutos classificados pelo NIR-PLS de forma não invasiva, a resposta ao segundo teste sensorial foi significativa a nível de p=0,05. Estes resultados comprovam a aplicabilidade destas técnicas como análises não invasivas para mensurar a qualidade de laranjas e classifica-las por parâmetros físico-químicos percebidos por provadores.<br>The quality control for oranges, after the harvest until commercialization are carried based on physical-chemical parameters. However, these analyzes are invasive. In this scenario, non-invasive systems to measure quality are promising options. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) at low field and infrared spectroscopy (mid-infrared - MIR and near-infrared - NIR) were associated with chemometrics to analyze quality parameters in intact oranges. The experiment was carried at Embrapa São Carlos, SP. Four hundred and seventy oranges were obtained from commercial crops in the state of São Paulo. Samples were selected, cleaned and sanitized and then were submitted to non-invasive analysis by NMR, NIR and MIR equipment\'s. The evaluated reference quality parameters were fresh weight, longitudinal and transversal diameter, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titratable acidity (TA), maturation index (ratio) and juice yield (%). For the non-invasive methods was applied pre-processing techniques on the signal. In NMR signal was applied Savitzky-Golay smoothing with 21 points width of window. For NIR signal was applied standard normal variant (SNV) and on the MIR signal normalization was applied (0-1), followed by the second derivative. The prediction model was constructed using partial least squares regression (PLS) for each quality reference parameter. The models developed by NMR-PLS validated by prediction were: fresh weight; Pearson coefficient prediction (r) = 0.97, standard error of prediction (SEP) = 13.57. Longitudinal diameter; r = 0.91 and SEP = 3.37. Transverse diameter; r = 0.92 and SEP = 2.73. SST; r = 0.81 and SEP = 0.88. Juice yield; r = 0.78 and SEP = 3.26. pH r = 0.74 and SEP = 0.17. The maturation index and titratable acidity parameters could not be validated using PLS-NMR. The validated NIR-PLS models were: SST; r = 0.92 and SEP = 0.71. ATT; r = 0.92 and SEP = 0.30. The others reference quality parameters were not validated by NIR-PLS. For models using MIR-PLS, the best result was found for internal validation of the pH model, r = 0.80 and standard validation error (SEV) 0.16. The classification models developed using NMR-PLS physical parameters showed accuracy in transverse diameter of 80.00%. The classifications by chemical parameters such as soluble solids revealed accuracy of 81.10% and 61.11% for pH. For classifications by PLS-NIR for the accuracy ratio was equal to 87.95%. Fruit classified noninvasively for sensory analysis in paired comparison test, showed significant responses to juices classified by NMR-PLS models at the level of p = 0.05. For fruit classified by NIR-PLS noninvasively, the answer to the second sensory test was significant at the level of p = 0.05. These results demonstrate the applicability of these techniques as non-invasive tests to measure the quality of oranges and sorts them by physicochemical parameters perceived by tasters.
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Dutoit, Bertrand Michel. "Flat electromagnetic force-feedback pressure sensor /." Lausanne, 2001. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=2437.
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Pauchard, Alexandre. "Silicon sensor microsystem for ultraviolet detection /." Lausanne, 2000. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=2152.
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Stamm, Christoph Georg. "Integrated-optical difference interferometer as direct bio-chemical sensor, refractometer, and humidity sensor /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10943.
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Nováková, Vendula. "Specifika marketingové komunikace cílené na seniory a nekalé praktiky vůči nim." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-196545.
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This master thesis "Specifics of Marketing Communication Targeted on Seniors and Unfair Practices Against Them" aims to familiarize the reader with the ways and coercive methods by which traders force seniors to buy overpriced goods or services during the selling events or doorstep sales. Another aim is to identify the reasons that lead elderly to attend sales events, or use the services of door-to-door seller. Next, I will try to make recommendations to public authorities and elderly how to prevent unfair trade practices. The thesis also deals with legal regulations, the demographic situation and development, and manipulation.
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Amiri, Parian Jafar Parian Jafar Amiri. "Sensor modeling, calibration and point positioning with terrestrial panoramic cameras /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17094.
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Li, Jun. "VM-based event-processing in sensor networks." Zurich : ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Systems Group, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=380.
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Guggenbühl, Gasser Barbara Elisabeth. "Sensory and non-sensory assessment of consumer quality of apples /." Zürich : ETH, 2006. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17014.
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Boltshauser, Thomas. "CMOS humidity sensors /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10320.
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Nascimento, Luciana Ara?jo. "Estudo sobre a forma??o de filmes automontados de quitosana com complexos de ferro e rut?nio nitrosil." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM QU?MICA, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/21605.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-24<br>O objetivo do trabalho ? observar o efeito da purifica??o da quitosana (Qt) sobre a forma??o de filmes automontados utilizando complexos inorg?nicos: Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] (NPS) e cis-[Ru(bpy)2ImN(NO)](PF6)3 (RubpyNO), caracteriz?-los pelas t?cnicas de Uv-V?s, Infravermelho e voltametria c?clica. A Quitosana comercial foi purificada em tr?s diferentes formas: neutra, cloridrato e acetato. A caracteriza??o dessas apresentaram diferen?as significativas com rela??o as suas caracter?sticas como umidade, grau de desacetila??o, viscosidade e massa molar. Foi realizado o monitoramento pela t?cnica de Uv-vis do crescimento dos filmes de QtNeutra/NPS; QtAcetato/NPS; QtCloridrato/NPS; QtNeutra/ RubpyNO; QtAcetato/ RubpyNO e QtCloridrato/ RubpyNO. Dentre eles, a quitosana purificada na forma acetato mostrou melhor intera??o com os complexos, formando filmes com melhores ?ndices de correla??o R e deposi??o homog?nea dos materiais a cada bicamada formada. Essa intera??o foi confirmada pela an?lise do espectro do infravermelho dos filmes que apresentou bandas de ambos os compostos. Os estudos eletroqu?micos mostraram que os filmes formados possuem grande estabilidade, melhor resolu??o quando analisados a uma taxa de varredura de 50 mV.s-1 e que as amostras QtNeutra e QtAcetato com NPS apresentam os potenciais de pico melhores definidos sofrendo processos quase revers?veis de degrada??o. Os testes de rea??o de ?cido asc?rbico com os filmes de QtAcetato/NPS e QtAcetato/ RubpyNO mostraram que o primeiro apresentou uma melhor resposta eletroqu?mica.<br>Chitosan (Qt) has great technological application due to present atoxic features, biodegradable
and renewable. The fact that a cationic polymer makes it capable of forming films by selfassembly
technique, allowing its interaction with various compounds. In this context, this study
aimed to evaluate the influence of purification of Qt in the neutral, acetate and hydrochloride
forms in building self-assembled films by their interaction with nitrosyl complex (SNP and
RubpyNO). Analysis of the degree of deacetylation, viscometry, infrared and thermal analysis
showed that the purified Qt have different characteristics. The formation of the films was
monitored by spectroscopy in the Uv-Vis region and characterized through spectroscopic
techniques infrared (FTIR), thermal analysis (TG/DTG), cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS). The results showed that Qt
neutral and acetate forming films linear and homogeneous growth, with the interaction of both
materials confirmed by FTIR technique. The results show that cyclic voltammetry of the neutral
and acetate Qt films and the complex behave as semi-reversible processes, except the film
QtAcetato/RubpyNO, which presents itself as an irreversible process. It was observed that chitosan
affects the purification method presented in the redox process for the films due to the shape of
weaker or stronger interaction of the particles according to the load presented by polycations and
polyanions in solution during the formation of automounted film. The images obtained by SEM
and EDS confirmed the presence of layers arranged with uniform coverage and homogeneous
distribution of the elements in the film surface. The TG/DTG analysis confirmed thermal
stability of the films before and after being subjected to VC. Reaction rolls of film with ascorbic
acid (AA) and cysteine showed that the film QtNeutra/RubpyNO showed the best response to both
substances. A straight line equation has been suggested for the determination of AA by
QtNeutra/RubpyNO film and for the determination of cysteine, additional studies are required.
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Júnior, Carlos Augusto Escanhoela. "Síntese e caracterização do sistema nanoestruturado Sr1-XLaxTi1-yFeyO3: Aplicação como sensor de gás." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-17072015-153332/.
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Os materiais de estrutura perovskita compreendem um vasto grupo de compostos cuja estrutura na sua forma mais simples pode ser representada pela fórmula química ABO3. Uma das principais vantagens que a estrutura perovskita apresenta é o alto grau de flexibilidade em acomodar uma grande variedade de átomos nos sítios A e B, permitindo um maior controle de suas propriedades físicas e químicas bem como a manutenção de sua estrutura básica, mesmo para altas concentrações de átomos substituintes. Devido estas propriedades, estes materiais têm sido aplicados com sucesso como capacitores, varistores, fotoeletrodos, memóriasferroelétricas e sensores de gases. Nas últimas décadas, tem sido reportada a utilização do titanato de estrôncio (SrTiO3, ST) na forma de filmes finos e espessos como sensor de gás oxigênio em altas temperaturas (>500 °C). Recentemente, foi mostrado que o titanato de estrôncio dopado com Fe apresentava uma excelente sensibilidade ao gás ozônio. Entretanto, neste trabalho, somente uma composição foi caracterizada e nem todas as propriedades importantes em relação a esta aplicação foram completamente exploradas. Neste contexto, esta tese de doutorado teve como objetivo verificar o efeito da substituição do átomo de estrôncio pelo lantânio e do titânio pelo Ferro no composto SrTiO3 na forma de pó e filmes finos nanoestruturados com a finalidade de verificar o efeito destas substituições nas propriedades sensoras do material. Inicialmente, com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da adição de La na estrutura do composto ST, amostras na forma de pó do sistema Sr1-xLaxTiO3.(SLT) foram preparadas através do método dos precursores poliméricos. Posteriormente, pelo mesmo método, foram sintetizadas amostras do sistema SrTi1-xFexO3 (STF) e Sr1-XLaxTi1-yFeyO3 (SLTF). A partir das amostras na forma de pó e na forma de solução, filmes finos e espessos foram respectivamente obtidos através das técnicas de deposição por feixe de elétrons (EBD) e spin-coating (SC). As amostras nanoestruturadas na forma de pó e na forma de filmes foram caracterizadas por difração de raios X, espectroscopia de absorção de raios X (XANES) na borda K do Ti e do Fe e espectroscopia de fotoelétrons excitados por raios X (XPS). A análise morfológica foi realizada através das técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia de força atômica (MFA). As amostras do sistema STF e SLTF na forma de filmes finos foram avaliadas em relação à sensibilidade aos gases O3, NO2, NH3 e CO. Os resultados indicaram que os filmes do sistema SLTF depositados pela técnica de deposição por feixe de elétrons apresentam uma maior sensibilidade ao gás ozônio, enquanto o filme de mesma composição depositado pelo método de spin-coating apresentou uma melhor estabilidade e tempo de recuperação em relação a este mesmo gás.<br>The perovskite structure materials comprise a large group of compounds with the structure in simple form can be represented by the ABO3. chemical formula. The main advantage that the perovskite structure presents is the high degree of flexibility to accommodate a wide variety of atoms in sites A and B, allowing a greater control of physical and chemical properties of the material, maintaining its structure even for a high concentrations of substituent\'s. Due to these properties, these materials have been successfully applied as capacitors, varistors, photoelectrodes, ferroelectric memories and gas sensors. In the last decade, strontium titanate (SrTiO3, ST) in the form of thin and thick films have been reported as oxygen gas sensor at higher temperatures (> 500 °C). Recently, strontium titanate doped with Fe was used as the first ozone sensor. However, the work was carried out only with a certain composition and some important properties for this application have not been fully exploited. In this context, this PhD thesis aimed to the synthesis of strontium titanate system in powder form and nanostructured thin films with the substitution of Sr for La and Ti for Fe. In order to verify the effect of these substitutions in material properties initially Sr1-xLaxTiO3 (SLT) samples were prepared in powder form by the polymeric precursor method in order to evaluate the influence of the addition of La in the structure of the compound ST. Subsequently, samples were synthesized from SrTi1-x Fex O3 (STF) and Sr1-XLaxTi1-yFeyO3 (SLTF) systems through the polymeric precursors, which were used for the deposition of thin and thick films, which were respectively obtained through electron beam deposition techniques (EBD) and spin-coating (SC). Samples in the form of nanostructured powder and thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES) at Ti and Fe K-edges and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Morphological analysis was performed using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The STF and SLTF samples in a thin film form were evaluated towards their sensitivity to O3, NO2, NH3 and CO gases. The results indicated that SLTF films deposited by electron beam deposition technique exhibit higher sensitivity to ozone gas. However the same composition deposited by spin-coating showed a better stability and recovery time relative to the same gas.
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Meyer, Jan. "Textile pressure sensor : design, error modeling and evaluation /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18050.
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Vogt, Harald. "Protocols for secure communication in wireless sensor networks /." Zürich : ETH, 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18174.
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Rossini, Karina. "Seleção de variáveis no desenvolvimento, classificação e predição de produtos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/37395.
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O presente trabalho apresenta proposições para seleção de variáveis em avaliações sensoriais descritivas e de espectro infravermelho que contribuam com a indústria de alimentos e química através da utilização de métodos de análise multivariada. Desta forma, os objetivos desta tese são: (i) Estudar as principais técnicas de análise multivariada de dados, como são comumente organizadas e como podem contribuir no processo de seleção de variáveis; (ii) Identificar e estruturar técnicas de análise multivariada de dados de forma a construir um método que reduza o número de variáveis necessárias para fins de caracterização, classificação e predição dos produtos; (iii) Reduzir a lista de variáveis/atributos, selecionando aqueles relevantes e não redundantes, reduzindo o tempo de execução e a fadiga imposta aos membros de um painel em avaliações sensoriais; (iv) Validar o método proposto utilizando dados reais; e (v) Comparar diferentes abordagens de análise sensorial voltadas ao desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Os métodos desenvolvidos foram avaliados através da aplicação de estudos de caso, em exemplos com dados reais. Os métodos sugeridos variam com as características dos dados analisados, dados altamente multicolineares ou não e, com e sem variável dependente (variável de resposta). Os métodos apresentam bom desempenho, conduzindo a uma redução significativa no número de variáveis e apresentando índices de adequação de ajuste dos modelos ou acurácia satisfatórios quando comparados aos obtidos mediante retenção da totalidade das variáveis ou comparados a outros métodos dispostos na literatura. Conclui-se que os métodos propostos são adequados para a seleção de variáveis sensoriais e de espectro infravermelho.<br>This dissertation presents propositions for variable selection in data from descriptive sensory evaluations and near-infrared (NIR) spectrum analyses, based on multivariate analysis methods. There are five objectives here: (i) review the main multivariate analysis techniques, their relationships and potential use in variable selection procedures; (ii) propose a variable selection method based on the techniques in (i) that allows product prediction, classification, and description; (iii) reduce the list of variables/attributes to be analyzed in sensory panels identifying those relevant and non-redundant, such that the time to collect panel data and the fatigue imposed on panelists is minimized; (iv) validate methodological propositions using real life data; and (v) compare different sensory analysis approaches used in new product development. Proposed methods were evaluated through case studies, and vary according to characteristics in the datasets analyzed (data with different degrees of multicollinearity, presenting or not dependent variables). All methods presented good performance leading to significant reduction in the number of variables in the datasets, and leading to models with better adequacy of fit. We conclude that the methods are suitable for datasets from descriptive sensory evaluations and NIR analyses.
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Cianci, Christopher Michael. "Distributed intelligent algorithms for robotic sensor networks monitoring discontinuous anisotropic environmental fields /." Lausanne : EPFL, 2009. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=4247.
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Thèse Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, no 4247 (2009), Faculté informatique et communications IC, Programme doctoral Informatique, Communications et Information, Institut des sciences et technologies de l'environnement ISTE (Laboratoire de systèmes et algorithmes intelligents distribués DISAL). Dir.: Alcherio Martinoli.
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Lenggenhager, René. "CMOS thermoelectric infrared sensors /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10744.
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Ferreira, Francisco Carlos. "A coloniza??o de terras e a a??o da Igreja Cat?lica em Rond?nia nos anos 1980 : estudo de caso sobre a forma??o da comunidade de Nossa Senhora Aparecida da Cachoeirinha." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6588.
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-30<br>In the context of the military regime, the president's speech Garrastazu Medici (1975) reinforced the idea of sending "men without land to land without men". The Amazon was seen as breadbasket of the world and had a demographic void, and thus can become the solution to the problems of drought and migration from the Northeast. One of the priorities of the National Security Doctrine was to occupy the territory of the Amazon. The creation of the Land Statute in 1963, the Brazilian Agrarian Reform Institute (IBRA), Agrarian Development National Institute (INDA), created in 1964, the Superintendent of the Amazon Development (SUDAM), established in 1966, would helped that speech became a reality and the construction of the Trans-Amazonian highway and the Cuiab?-Santar?m in 1968. on the other hand, in the midst of so many families who arrived from various corners of the country and having to face the difficulties Rond?nia, in particular offering is the Catholic Church began work in the formation of Base Communities having as guidelines the conclusions of the Second Vatican Council and the Episcopal Conferences in Latin America that emerged from it. It was in this context that was created the Community Nossa Senhora Aparecida da Cachoeirinha in 1982 and is located on Line 605, thirty five kilometers from the Parish S?o Jo?o Batista in the municipality of Jaru, Rondonia, Roman Catholic Diocese of Ji-Paran?, as a model that performance.<br>No contexto do Regime Militar, o discurso do presidente Garrastazu M?dici (1975) refor?ava a ideia de mandar ?homens sem terra para terra sem homens?. A Amaz?nia era vista como celeiro do mundo e possu?a um vazio demogr?fico, podendo assim transformar-se na solu??o para os problemas da seca e da migra??o do Nordeste. Uma das prioridades da Doutrina de Seguran?a Nacional era ocupar o territ?rio da Amaz?nia. A cria??o do Estatuto da Terra, em 1963, do Instituto Brasileiro de Reforma Agr?ria (IBRA), do Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento Agr?rio (INDA), criados em 1964, da Superintend?ncia de Desenvolvimento da Amaz?nia (SUDAM), criada em 1966, faria com que esse discurso se concretizasse, al?m da constru??o das rodovias Transamaz?nica e a Cuiab?-Santar?m em 1968. Por outro lado, em meio a tantas fam?lias que chegavam de v?rios cantos do pa?s e tendo que enfrentar as dificuldades que Rond?nia, em particular oferecia, ? que a Igreja Cat?lica passou atuar na forma??o de Comunidades Eclesiais de Base tendo como diretrizes as conclus?es do Conc?lio Vaticano II e as Confer?ncias Episcopais na Am?rica Latina que surgiram a partir dele. Foi nesse contexto, que foi criada a Comunidade Nossa Senhora Aparecida da Cachoeirinha no ano de 1982 e que est? localizada na Linha 605, trinta e cinco quil?metros da Par?quia S?o Jo?o Batista no Munic?pio de Jaru, Rond?nia, Diocese de Ji-Paran?, como modelo dessa atua??o.
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Kasten, Oliver. "A state-based programming model for wireless sensor networks /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17397.
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Oderstad, Hampus, and William Heikinaho. "Skyddande enhet till kontaktlös alkoholmätare för utomhusbruk : Fallstudie och konstruktion av skyddande enhet." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Innovation och produktrealisering, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-32618.
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Topalian, Zareh. "Nanostructured Transition Metal Oxides in Cleantech Application : Gas Sensors, Photocatalysis, Self-cleaning Surfaces Based on TiO2, WO3 and NiO." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-148872.
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This thesis focuses on the application of nanocrystalline transition metal oxide TiO2, WO3 and NiO thin films in new “green” building technologies. Specifically, their physicochemical properties in photocatalytic, self-cleaning and gas sensing applications are studied. There is an intimate connection between comfort issues, health, with connections to energy efficiency, leading to a need for intelligent building materials and green architecture. The importance of good indoor environment is augmented by the fact that modern man in developed countries spends some 90 % of his time inside buildings and vehicles. Poor air quality may lead to discomfort of the person inhabiting a building and in ultimately cause adverse health effects. Thin films of nanocrystalline TiO2 were prepared using reactive DC magnetron sputtering. Crystalline mesoporous films of WO3 and NiO were prepared using advanced gas deposition technique (AGD). The crystal structure, morphology, optical and chemical properties of the films were characterized by using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV/Vis spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The photocatalytic properties and adsorption of both organic and inorganic molecules on pure and functionalized films were probed by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The gas sensing properties of sensors based on TiO2, WO3 and NiO were investigated by conductivity measurements and noise spectroscopy. It was found for the first time that NiO based thin film sensors can be used to detect H2S and NO2 at low temperatures – down to room temperature. Hybrid WO3 sensors functionalized with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used to detect NO2, CO and NH3 gases. These hybrid gas sensors show improved recovery properties compared to unmodified WO3 sensors. TiO2 based gas sensors were able to detect low concentrations of H2S by noise spectroscopy provided that the sensors were irradiated by UV light. Furthermore we show that sulphur is photo-fixated in crystalline TiO2 films upon simultaneous SO2 gas exposure and UV irradiation. Studies of the kinetics and identity of the photo-fixated sulphur complexes show that these are formed by photo-induced reactions between oxygen and SO2 at oxygen surface vacancy sites in TiO2. The sulphur modified TiO2 films show interesting self-cleaning properties compared to the pure films.<br>Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 739
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Knecht, Wolfgang. "On nonlinear filtering for noise reduction using a sensor array /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1995. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11052.
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Müller, Thomas. "An industrial CMOS process family for integrated silicon sensors /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13463.
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Schott, Christian. "Accurate magnetic field transducers based on silicon hall sensors /." Lausanne, 1999. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1985.
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Thèse, Sciences techniques, EPF Lausanne, no 1985, 1999, Département de microtechnique. Rapporteur: R. S. Popovic ; co-rapporteur: M. Ilegems ; co-rapporteur: J. Korvink ; co-rapporteur: S. Middelhoek.
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Gassmann, Felix. "Elektrooptischer Sensor für die isotrope Messung des elektrischen und magnetischen Feldes /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1995. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11190.
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Frey, Urs. "High-density neural interface and microhotplate gas sensor in CMOS technology /." Zürich : Physical Electronics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17460.
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Kocaman, Sultan Aksakal. "Sensor modeling and validation for Linear Array aerial and satellite imagery /." Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18120.
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Schneider, Michael Schneider Michael. "CMOS magnetotransistor and fluxgate vector sensors /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=12746.
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Glisic, Branko. "Fibre optic sensors and behaviour in concrete at ealry age /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=2186.
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Carpintieri, Ciro Luís Teixeira. "Uma aplicação de redes neurais na instrumentação virtual do grau acoólico no processo industrial de produção do etanol." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18153/tde-13052014-110105/.
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A busca por eficiência e qualidade esta presente nas usinas de produção de etanol. A demanda por novas tecnologias e soluções para problemas conhecidos é dinâmica e contínua. No processo de produção do etanol há a necessidade de se quantificar a qualidade do etanol produzido. Esta análise demanda procedimentos laboratoriais que impõe um tempo entre a coleta da amostra e o resultado das análises laboratoriais. Este tempo afeta a velocidade de reação do sistema de controle de produção a uma variação na qualidade do etanol. Quanto antes se atue na produção, menor é o retrabalho sobre o que foi produzido fora da especificação desejada e maior o rendimento e a produtividade do processo. Um dos indicadores de rendimento do processo de produção de etanol é a porcentagem de massa de etanol em relação à massa de água contida na solução. Este indicador é representado por \"m/m\", e significa grau alcoólico do etanol. Tabelas alcoométricas são utilizadas para determinar o valor do grau alcoólico, tendo como variáveis de entrada a temperatura e a densidade. O intervalo de temperatura onde as tabelas alcoométricas são válidas não é o mesmo que o processo industrial necessita. O processo industrial trabalha com temperaturas próximas a 90°C. Este fato impõe que as análises do grau alcoólico sejam feitas em laboratório, prejudicando o tempo de resposta ao processo industrial. Objetivando resolver este problema, este trabalho busca por meio da utilização de redes neurais determinar uma função matemática que possa ser capaz de indicar o valor do grau alcoólico do etanol de maneira precisa e sem que seja necessário o uso de consultas e aproximações por tabelas de referência.<br>The search for efficiency and quality is present in ethanol plants. The demand for new technologies and solutions to known problems is dynamic and continuous. In the process of producing ethanol is necessary to quantify the quality of the produced ethanol. This analysis requires laboratory procedures it takes a time between sample collection and results of laboratory analysis. This time affects the reaction speed of the system production control to a variation in the quality of ethanol. The sooner they are acting in the production, lower rework on what was produced outside the desired specification and higher efficiency and productivity of the process. One of the indicators of process performance ethanol is the percentage mass of ethanol relative to water diluted solution. This indicator is represented by \"m/m\" and means a degree alcoholic of ethanol. Alcohol tables are used to determine the amount of degree alcohol having as input variables the temperature and density. The temperature range where the alcohol tables are valid is not the same as the industrial process needs. The industrial process works at temperatures around 90°C. This fact requires the analysis of the degree of alcoholic of the ethanol are made in the laboratory, hampering the response time to the industrial process. Aiming to solve this fact, this paper aims through the use of neural networks for universal approximation theorem, find a mathematical function that can be implemented in a virtual sensor capable of indicating the value of the alcoholic content of ethanol.
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Knüsel, Philipp. "Dynamic neuronal representations of static sensory stimuli /." Zürich : ETH, 2006. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16660.
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Colpo, Fabiano. "Residual stress characterization in a single fibre composite specimen by using FBG sensor and the OLCR technique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=3533.
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Ringwald, Matthias. "Reducing uncertainty in wireless sensor networks : network inspection and collision-free medium access /." Zürich : ETH, 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18209.
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Hejdedal, Martina, and Vanessa Westerlind. "Effekten av intra- och extraoralsensorisk intensivbehandling med eltandborste : Hos nio barn med Down syndrom." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57119.
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<p>Barn med Down syndrom (DS) har problem med hypotonus och hyposensitivitet som begränsar rörligheten i ansiktets och munnens muskulatur, vilket därmed försvårar tal och sväljning. Målet med en intra- och extraoralsensorisk behandling är att öka medvetenheten och kontrollen av munnens muskulatur, dess rörelser, spänning och känsel. Syfte med föreliggande studie var att undersöka effekten av en intra- och extraoralsensorisk intensivbehandling med eltandborste hos en grupp barn med DS och hypotonus. Effekten valdes att studeras utifrån områdena orofacial funktion, läppslutning, talproduktion och oralsensorik. Nio barn i åldrarna 6 till 12 år genomgick behandlingen med fyra behandlingstillfällen i veckan under fyra veckor. Före behandlingsstarten gjordes en baseline-mätning och efter utvärderades behandlingseffekten vid tre tillfällen, utspritt på tre veckor. Bedömningsmaterialet som användes bestod av NOT-S och kompletterande intervjufrågor till föräldrar, delar av STORM och SVANTE samt eftersägning. Resultaten visar på att det sker någon form av förbättring för alla deltagare, inom minst ett område. Effekten av behandlingen varierade mellan deltagarna. Det är därför viktigt med individanpassad intervention, då samma metod inte alltid fungerar, är meningsfull och mottas lika bra hos alla patienter.</p><br><p>Children with Down syndrome (DS) have problems with hypotonia and hyposensitivity restricting movement of the face and mouth muscles, thus impeding speaking and swallowing. The goal of intra- and extraoral sensory processing is to increase awareness and control of the oral muscles, its movements, tension and oral sensation. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of an intra- and extraoral sensory intensive treatment with electric toothbrush in a group of children with DS and hypotonia. The effects were studied from the perspectives of orofacial function, lip closure, speech production and oral sensitivity. Nine children aged 6 to 12 years underwent treatment with four sessions per week for four weeks. Before starting treatment, a baseline was performed and afterwards the effects of the treatment were evaluated on three occasions over a period of three weeks. Assessment materials included NOT-S and additional interview questions for the parents, part of STORM and SVANTE, as well as repetition. The results show that there is improvement for all participants in at least one of the studied areas. The outcome of the treatment varied between the participants. Therefore it can be important with individualized intervention, as the same method does not always work or may not be appropriate and not received the same by all patients.</p>
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Littlejohn, Samuel David. "Electrical properties of graphite nanoparticles in silicone : flexible oscillators and electromechanical sensing." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.600642.
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This thesis reports the discovery of a wide negative di↵erential resistance (NDR) region in a graphite-silicone composite that was utilized to create a strain-tuned flexible oscillator. Encoding the strain into frequency mimics the behavior of mechanoreceptor neurons in the skin and demonstrates a flexible and electronically active material suitable for state of the art bio-electronic applications. The NDR was investigated over a range of composite filling fractions and temperatures; alongside theoretical modelling to calculate the tunneling current through a graphite-silicone barrier. This led to the understanding that the NDR is the result of a semi-metal to insulator transition of embedded graphene bilayers within the graphite nanoparticles. The transition, brought about by a transverse bias across specifically orientated particles, opens a partial band-gap at the Fermi level of the bilayer. NDR in a flexible material has not been observed before and has potential for creating a flexible active device. The electromechanical properties of the composite were considered through a bend induced bilayer strain. The piezoresistance was found to be dominated by transient resistance spiking from the breaking of conduction lines, which then reform according to the viscoelasticity of the polymer matrix. The resistance spiking was embraced as a novel method for sensitive di↵erential pressure detection, used in the development of two applications. Firstly, it was employed for the detection of ultrasound waves and found to have an acoustic pressure detection threshold as low as 48 Pa. A commensurability was observed between the composite width and ultrasound wavelength which was shown to be consistent with the formation of standing waves, described by Bragg’s law. Secondly, a differential pressure array of 64 composite pixels was fabricated and demonstrated to image pressures under 3.8 kPa at a resolution of 10 dpi. The NDR active region was incorporated into an LC circuit where it was demonstrated to sustain oscillations of up to 12.5 kHz. The composite was then strained and an intrinsic frequency was observed which had a linear dependence on the strain with a frequency shift of 84 Hz / % strain. Lastly the composite was used in a strain-tuned amplifier circuit and shown to provide a gain of up to 4.5. This thesis provided the groundwork for a completely flexible electronically active device for futuristic bio-electronic skins with resolutions and sensitivities rivalling those of human tactile sensing.
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Ochsner, Mirjam. "Engineering cell behavior : adding dimensionality to the cell sensory toolbox /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18390.
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Dantas, Priscilla Victor. "LWiSSy: uma linguagem espec?fica de dom?nio para modelagem de sistemas de redes de sensores e atuadores sem fio." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18067.
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Previous issue date: 2012-09-28<br>The field of Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSAN) is fast increasing and has attracted the interest of both the research community and the industry because of several factors, such as the applicability of such networks in different application domains (aviation, civil engineering, medicine, and others). Moreover, advances in wireless communication and the reduction of hardware components size also contributed for a fast spread of these networks. However, there are still several challenges and open issues that need to be tackled in order to achieve the full potential of WSAN usage. The development of WSAN systems is one of the most relevant of these challenges considering the number of variables involved in this process. Currently, a broad range of WSAN platforms and low level programming languages are available to build WSAN systems. Thus, developers need to deal with details of different sensor platforms and low-level programming abstractions of sensor operational systems on one hand, and they also need to have specific (high level) knowledge about the distinct application domains, on the other hand. Therefore, in order to decouple the handling of these two different levels of knowledge, making easier the development process of WSAN systems, we propose LWiSSy (Domain Language for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks Systems), a domain specific language (DSL) for WSAN.
The use of DSLs raises the abstraction level during the programming of systems and modularizes the system building in several steps. Thus, LWiSSy allows the domain experts to directly contribute in the development of WSANs without having knowledge on low level sensor platforms, and network experts to program sensor nodes to meet application requirements without having specific knowledge on the application domain. Additionally, LWiSSy enables the system decomposition in different levels of abstraction according to structural and behavioral features and granularities (network, node group and single node level programming)<br>As Redes de Sensores e Atuadores Sem Fio (RSASF) v?m emergindo rapidamente e t?m atra?do o interesse da comunidade de pesquisa e da ind?stria, gra?as a v?rios fatores, dentre eles a aplicabilidade desse tipo de rede nos mais diversos dom?nios de aplica??es (avia??o, engenharia civil, medicina, dentre outros). Al?m disso, avan?os na comunica??o sem fio e miniaturiza??o dos componentes de hardware tamb?m contribu?ram para a r?pida prolifera??o dessas redes. Apesar disso, ainda existem alguns desafios a serem transpostos a fim de se atingir o pleno potencial de utiliza??o das RSASF. Dentre estes, o desenvolvimento de sistemas de RSASF aparece como um dos mais relevantes atualmente, haja vista a quantidade de vari?veis envolvidas no processo de desenvolvimento. Atualmente, uma vasta gama de plataformas de RSASF e diversas linguagens de programa??o de baixo n?vel podem ser empregadas no desenvolvimento desses sistemas. Dessa forma, ? necess?rio que o desenvolvedor possua tanto conhecimento de baixo n?vel relativo ? plataforma da RSASF, quanto conhecimento espec?fico do dom?nio de cada uma das aplica??es presentes no sistema. A fim de efetuar o desacoplamento da utiliza??o destes conhecimentos durante o processo de desenvolvimento, de forma a facilitar tal processo, este trabalho prop?e LWiSSy (Domain Language for Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks Systems), uma linguagem para modelagem de sistemas para RSASF baseada no uso de DSLs (Domain Specific Language). As DSLs, pelo fato de aumentarem o n?vel de abstra??o da programa??o e modularizarem a constru??o de sistemas em v?rias etapas, permitir?o que ambos os especialistas envolvidos (dom?nio e redes) possam contribuir diretamente durante o desenvolvimento do sistema e de maneira mais desacoplada do que ocorre atualmente. Al?m dos benef?cios supracitados, LWiSSy possibilitar? ainda a decomposi??o do sistema em diferentes n?veis de abstra??o, haja vista a necessidade de representar diferentes caracter?sticas (estrutural e comportamental) e granulosidades (programa??o em n?vel de rede, em n?vel de grupos de n?s e em n?vel de n?) em um ?nico sistema
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Seiter, Michael. "Novel pulsed difference-frequency laser sources for compact mid-infrared trace-gas sensors /." Zürich, 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13354.
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Kyburz, Rainer. "Integrated In₀.₅₃Ga₀.₄₇As/InP hall effect devices for highly sensitive megnetic field sensors /." Zürich, 1993. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10420.
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