Journal articles on the topic 'Niska Indians'

Iron deficiency is the most usual dietary deficiency worldwide, approximately 25% of the world’s population suffering from iron deficiency anemia according to the World Health Organization. A Neonate has total body iron of 250 mg (80 mg/kg), obtained from maternal sources. In the first 6 months of life, during the period when the infant gets an iron-deficient milk diet, this amount decreases to 60 mg/kg. Infants fed with cow’s milk are at greater risk to develop iron deficiency anemia because calcium from cow’s milk is competing with iron for absorption. There are a large number of formulations (like Navayas Louha Syrup, Nisha Louha Syrup etc.) that are mentioned to prevent iron deficiency anemia in Indian children. Despite lack of scientific data regarding the clinical efficacy of Navayas Louha Syrup and Nisha Louha Syrup, an effort has been done to present the current scenario. 60 anemic patients of either sex age between 1-15 years were randomly selected from Kaumarabhritya O.P.D. and I.P.D. of Rani Dullaiya Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Bhopal (M.P), India. Overall, in the study Navayas Louha is 74.53% and Nisha Louha is 69.34% having clinical efficacy. The study was showed in clinical trial efficacy of Navayas Louha syrup is better than Nisha Louha syrup in the management of iron deficiency anemia in Indian children.

Background: Prehypertension is classified as elevated blood pressure above normal by American medical classification. JNC 7 suggested systolic between 120 to 139 mmHg or diastolic 80 to 89 mmHg should be consider as Pre-hypertension. Oxidative stress develops due to stress and anxiety is recognized as main risk factor for initiation of hypertension. The Nada Yoga (sound based yoga) practices has been reported to decreases stress and anxiety. Nisha Amalaki Churna the combination of Amalaki (Indian gooseberry) and Haridra (turmeric) powder also reported to effectively reduces oxidative stress. Aim - To assess the combined effect of Indian Classical Raga Ahirbhairav and Hindol along with Nisha Amalaki Churna on Prehypertension. Material and method- It was clinical study. Total 48 patients selected by purposive sample technique and then divided into 2 groups (n = 24 each) randomly. Assessment was done by criteria of pre hypertension given by JNC 7. Result - In present study group A (Raga Ahirbhairav, Raga Hindol and Nisha Amalki Churna) patients the mean score of Systolic B.P. had decreased from 135.50 to 120.76 (Mean difference 14.74) with extremely significance (p <0.0001) compare to group B (only Nisha Amalki Churna orally) and mean score of Diastolic B.P. had decreased from 88.61 to 79.706 (Mean difference 8.904) with extremely significant (p <0.0001) compare to group B. Relief in mild headache 31.94% (p<0.01), relief in Anxiety 52.67% (p<0.0001) and relief on stress was reported 34.56% (p<0.0001) in Group A were reported, compare to Group B. Conclusion- result of study indicating that Raga therapy with Nisha Amalaki Churna had potential in the management of pre hypertension.

The research article emphasizes multidimensional themes of family issues considering the emergence of the independent identity of Nisha, a young daughter in the joint family. Her pretense as a self-standing woman turns down all the cultured family values inevitable for a daughter. Manju Kapur, as a proficient writer of the Indian family system, indicates her honest text in depicting the motif of woman’s freedom and restoration in the patriarchal based society. Manju Kapur emerges as a new prodigy in Indian writing. She emerges as a noteworthy writer in the progression of Indian fiction.

Manju Kapur is an Indian novelist. She was born on 25th October 1948. She is an archetypal representative of the postcolonial women novelists. She was a professor of English Literature at her alma mater at Miranda House College, Delhi. But she is retired from there. She joined the growing number of Indian women novelists, who have contributed to the progression of Indian fiction i.e. Shashi Deshpande, Arundhati Roy, Kamla Das, Geetha Hariharan, Anita Nair, Shobha De. Her novels reflect the position of women in the patriarchal society and the problems of women for their longing struggle in establishing their identity as an autonomous being. Her works not only gives voice to the society’s effort to improve its women population but it is for every woman’s self–consciousness in order to improve the society. She has written five novels, Difficult Daughters (1998), A Married Woman (2002), Home (2006), The Immigrant (2008), and Custody (2011). Kapur’s most memorable female characters are Virmati, Astha, Nisha, Nina, Shagun and so many others. All of them strive to assert themselves. These characters give us a rare glimpse of modernized Indian women who are in their aggression may enter into a scandalous relationship with her married neighbor, the professor or develop lesbian relationship as Virmati does in Difficult Daughters and Astha in A Married Woman. But Nisha in Home is different from her predecessors.

The paper aims to research the search for self-identity and feminism in Manju Kapur's Home. Home is a masterful novel of the acts of kindness, compromise, and secrecy that lies at the center of each family. The novel, narrate of Indian family life spans three generations whose destiny and dreams are pasted to the Banwarilal cloth shop. Nisha the protagonist has got to struggle for establishing her identity and to survive during this male-dominated world. In Indian society, women have never been acknowledged as a person outside their pre-destined roles of a woman, daughter, and mother. The female hero of Home tries to free herself of ‘dependence syndrome' thrust upon her by the agents of social organization. The paper focuses on the journey of the feminine protagonist, Nisha towards individuality and self-identity and don't wish to be seen as a self-sacrificing rubber-doll. She had to struggle for her existence as, like different heroines of Manju Kapur, she is within the transformation to innovate the search of autonomy and feminine identity.

It is impossible to overestimate the significance of Indian English Writing in the commitments made by its female pupils. ManjuKapur is one of many who strive to speak to the realities of Indian women, who endure a variety of hardships and tribulations as a result of the city's tradition and modernization have opposing weights. She illustrates the difficult decision-making of middle-class females who transform from quiet victims to ultimate agitators, challenging the male-dominated society's age-old customs, morals, and constraints. ManjuKapur's Home is a great example of self-assurance. ManjuKapur's Home exemplifies this type of self-assertion. The work is situated in a downtown neighborhood, and the key hero Nisha is shown as a lady who fearlessly confronts and overcomes the limits of being a woman. She ultimately achieves her determined journey towards becoming herself. ManjuKapur acknowledges illiterate intellectual Indian women's ability to recognize their impulses for self-discovery in their adolescence as a ‘new woman.'

Anemia is a major health problem in India. Yet, a comprehensive plan of action to combat this public health problem has been still missing. There are few existing plans for the control of Iron Deficiency Anemia regarding children and pregnant women and lactating mothers. Iron deficiency is the result of long-term negative iron balance. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) should be regarded as a subset of iron deficiency, that is, it represents the extreme lower end of the distribution of iron deficiency. Treatment options include oral and intravenous iron therapy; however, the efficacy of oral iron is limited in certain gastrointestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and autoimmune gastritis. So that ameliorate comparative clinical trial was taken with Ayurveda formulation for the diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with special reference to Pandu Roga. Overall, in the study Navayas Louha was found to have 76.53% and of Nisha Louha was found to have 69.33% clinical efficacy. The study showed that trial clinical efficacy of Navayas Louha syrup is better than Nisha Louha syrup in the management of iron deficiency anemia in Indian children.

Indian woman since ancient days had played an important role in the socio-cultural and philosophical development of the country. Especially in Medieval India, the royal ladies of the Mughal court were almost as remarkable as their male counterparts. Royal Mughal ladies like Hamida Banu Begam, Haji Begam, Nurjahan Begam, Jahanara Begam, Roshanara Begam, Zeb-un-Nisa Begum etc. not only played a dominant role in contemporary politics but also contributed a lot to artistic field. The present article is an attempt to highlight the contribution of Royal Mughal ladies especially in Artistic field.

Le rapatriement des objets autochtones est régulièrement invoqué quant à son importance pour les nouvelles générations. Cet article explore la manière dont les institutions culturelles et scolaires des communautés collaborent pour engager les jeunes dans les processus de rapatriement et de transmission culturelle. Il se concentre sur des projets menés entre les institutions des communautés ilnu de Mashteuiatsh et anishinabe de Kitigan Zibi, le projet de recherche Nika-Nishk sur le rapatriement des patrimoines autochtones et le National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI) de Washington. Les auteures et auteur présentent d’abord les communautés et la manière dont celles-ci contribuent à rapatrier les moyens et le contenu de leur transmission culturelle, pour revenir ensuite plus spécifiquement sur l’engagement des jeunes au sein du projet de recherche Nika-Nishk ainsi que sur le potentiel de ces activités tant pour les jeunes concernés et pour les cochercheurs que pour les musées. Comment des objets peuvent-ils être vecteurs de liens intergénérationnels et interculturels ? Quels rôles les jeunes peuvent-ils jouer au sein des processus de transfert des connaissances ? Quelles connaissances les communautés et les musées peuvent-ils tirer des échanges suscités par les démarches de rapatriement ?

Through a review of the 2012 documentary film The World before Her directed by Nisha Pahuja, this article provides a critical reflection on how neoliberal governmentality appropriates women’s bodies and subjectivities in two women’s boot camps in India: the Miss India contest and the Hindu militant Durga Vahini camp. Studies on appropriation of women’s bodies in the neoliberal ideology of the market and in varied religious ideologies have generated rich feminist insights into the structures of women’s oppression across the world. Feminist academic research has traditionally looked at market- and religion-based oppressions separately. In this critical reflection we articulate how women’s bodies get incorporated into the service of varied ideologies, namely neoliberal capitalism and religious fundamentalism, through processes of ritualisation, responsibilisation and subjectivation. Drawing on the shared elements of neoliberal (capitalism) and Hindutwa (Hindu fundamentalism) ideological projects, this article proposes a renewed analysis of the location of women in various ideological projects and the nature of women’s negotiation of these power structures or women’s agency within these structures.

The territory of the home is not only regarded in terms of physical space but also in terms of human affection and influence. The status of women within the social structure of their families and/or communities is paralleled as well as informed by their position in the physical structure of their houses and homes. An Indian woman is yet to seek an identity as a human being with equal status in the family in which she is born and in the family to which she is given in marriage. This research attempts to make a study of Manju Kapur’s novel Home to reveal many issues deeply rooted within a family and explore the dynamics of relationships that prevail in an Indian home. Nisha, the protagonist in the novel, tries to subvert age-old traditional norms and values of her home, which is symbolic of Indian society in microcosm, that threatens to subvert her existence as an individual. Manju Kapur’s women contest and defend their domestic territories because they are contesting not only for power, but for their self-esteem, identity and individuality. The home obviously is a gendered living space of an everyday life, and that young Indian women are not accepting traditional roles conferred by ‘home’ onto them passively; instead, they seem to be (re)traditionaliszing their strategies of housework and childcare responsibilities. Through this paper we wish to highlight that change in the traditional roles played by women in homes reproduces dynamics of politics of home thereby enhancing dynamics of poetics of home. The study of politics and poetics of home further analyses how the relationship between women and men as well as ideas about masculinity and femininity are shaped by the intersection of tradition and modernity. The study explores a dialogue between tradition and modernity with an aim to project yearning for autonomy and separate identity. Kapur poignantly shows the evolution of an Indian woman in the midst of the repressive patriarchal structure of an Indian home.

As urdu translations are personal struggles of different scholars, so each translator has chosen Urdu words in his own way. And because of different mindsets and preferences of every translator, we find different Urdu words and phrases for one particular word of the Qur'an . They have written according to their intellect, so every translation seems different. These words seem to determine the divine meaning and the understanding of the Qur'an. The following is a comparative study of the Qur'anic translations of the Indian subcontinent, in which the selection of Urdu words is examined in the light of hadiths, relics, lexicons and sayings of commentators, giving preference to words closer to the divine purpose. And for this, representative translations of well-known sects of the subcontinent have been selected, including Kunzalaiman, Ahsan al-Bayyan and Ma'arif al-Quran. It contains selected verses from Surah Al-Baqarah, Al-Imran, Al-Nisa 'and Al-Ma'ida for commentary on translations.

Zina is an illegal sexual relationship carried out by a man and a woman outside the marriage bond. The prohibition of adultery, both contained in the Qur'an and hadith, in addition to enjoining good and evil, is also intended to maintain offspring and/or honor. Humans were created by Allah SWT as cultural creatures (civilized). As a cultured creature, the biological impulses of humans are arranged in such a way with various living institutions. Even though humans are biological creatures, human sex life is different from animal sex behavior. The definition of adultery according to Islamic law is different from the meaning of adultery (overspel/adultery) in the Indonesian Criminal Code, or adultery in the Pakistan Criminal Code and the Indian Criminal Code. One of the primary objectives of Islamic law, (maqosid al-Shariah) is to protect offspring, human honor and human existence. It is not easy to prove the occurrence of adultery. To accuse someone of adultery requires at least four witnesses who saw the act. (Surat an-Nuur verse 4). In order to impose sanctions/criminal stoning (Sura An-Nuur verse 2-3) and (Sura An-Nissa verse 15) according to the principle of Legi a posterior derogat legi a priori, the punishment for stoning in the hadith has been included by Surah An-Nuur verse 2-3 and Surah An-Nissa verse 15. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method, with the aim of providing an overview and knowledge to the Muslim community in the village of Bandar Sinembah, Tanjung Morawa. Before the research was conducted, it was found that the people in the village of Bandar Sinembah, Tanjung Morawa, which consisted of multi-ethnic groups did not fully understand the meaning of adultery according to Islamic teachings due to their low and lack of knowledge about the religion of Islam. After doing research and approaches, the village of Bandar Sinembah has begun to understand the meaning of adultery according to Islamic teachings, and now slowly they have left this bad habit.

This research explores Manju Kapur's Home from the perspective of modernity. Tensions between tradition and modernity, represented in the novel can be viewed against the influence of a western culture that has taken place in the 21st century within the lives of people in India. Ideological stance on the notions of tradition vs. modernity in respect to the conflicting issue, through the characters as Nisha, Rupa, Yashpal, Ajay, Vijaya, and Raju, where they almost abandoned their parental business style, traditional thinking and moves ahead of their way either in their business or in the family life. Characters in the novel are deviated from their social norms and values due to the influences of western values on Indian society is a sign of modernity. This research is qualitative in nature. This research approaches Kapur's Home from the theoretical perspectives of modernity that have appeared in the studies of Jurgen Habermas, Immanuel Kant, Michel Foucault, Peter Wagner, Dilip Parmeshwar Gaonkar, and Ziauddin Saradar. This research finds that joint family divides into a single settlement, characters start to adopt modernity, forgetting their traditional norms and values for their benefit.

Con este artículo, su autora inicia sus estudios sobre la interculturalidad entre los niños miskitos de Corn Island, basados en las investigaciones etnográficas y antropológica-lingüísticas que realizó en 2002 y 2003. Las interacciones transcritas cuidadosamente demuestran cómo los niños miskitos combinan el conocimiento tradicional, el conocimiento mediático, el multilingüismo y el juego imaginativo en su discurso cotidiano en Corn Island. Se sugiere que la interculturalidad no sólo es una pedagogía promovida por las instituciones regionales y transnacionales sino, también, una práctica cotidiana de la comunicación basada en las historias de interacción e intercambio. El discurso oficial de la interculturalidad ha sido un medio de negociar la diferencia cultural en las instituciones educativas en la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua y en otros lugares. Sin embargo, la práctica de la interculturalidad surge en la interacción cotidiana que provee recursos autóctonos para el diálogo y la identidad. Corn Island ra miskitu luhpia naniba aisi banghwan iwanka ailal tilara iwaia ba dukiara Naha ulbanka wal, ulbi sakan dawanka na ta krikisa iwanka ailal ba stadi muni laki kaikaia dukiara, Corn Island ra miskitu tuktika naniba tilara, witin mani 2002 bara 2003 ra, stadi muni laki kaikan kan, indian daknika sirpi nani iwanka laka ba, bara witin nani ai bila aisinka laka nani basin, bara naha lainkara ai wark ka ba daukbia. Diara nani aisanka bara daukanka nani dukiara nahara ulban na pain aisi kaikuma bara mahrikisa, nahki miskitu luhpia naniba mixmunisa Blasi pyuara iwanka tanka nani, diara pain lan takras munan laka, bila ailal aisanka laka nani bara Corn Island ra yu bani sturi aisanka laka nani luki kaiki ba. Kupia kraukisa tawan kum satka ailal iwanka laka ba sika, upla iwanka bara natka nani dukiara baman stadi munaia dukiara wan tasbaia bilara apis nani ta briba bara tawan wala wina apiska nani buisin tabaikan ai taura waras, sakuna, baku sin, yu banira pana pana sturi aisanka laka kumsa, blasi pyua wina wan almuka nani sturka, nahki witin nani pana pana aitabaiki kan laka bara diara nani pana pana sinsmuni bara yui banghwi kanba dukiara sin. Iwanka satka ailal ba tanka pali rait aisi sakan bawal, Nikarawa Karibi kuska ra bara tawan wala nanira sin kul sinska laka smalki apiska nanira naha dukiara trabil nani takisa, baku sakuna, iwanka satka ailal lakara iwaia ba taki aulasa, nitka kum tara baku yawan wan bila kat aisaia nitka bara wan natka kat aikuki wan uplika nani wal iwaia nitka nani sut. Corn Island kau wayah walanibis balna yuyulwi alas yalahnin lani satni mahni pas kau bang atnin lani. Ulna adika karak, ulwi yakna daniwan adika tunan bahwi alas yalahnin lani satni mahni kidika tadi munwi laihwi talnin yulni, Corn Island kau wayah walanibis balna pas yakat, witin kurih 2002 dawak 2003 yakat, tadi munwi laihwi talna dai, indian balna aslah kalududuhna dibin balna ampat yalalahwa kidi lani, dawak witingna ampat yulbabauwa kidi yulni bik, dawak adika warkni yamna dai kapat nawatwi yamwarangki. Witingna ampat yulbabauwa kidi dawak ampat bang kidi yulni adika ulna akat ma nikinkawi. Ampat wayah walanibis balna kidi mixmumunwa kidi sara puyuni kau ampat bang dai lani balna, di yamni lan kalalahwas dai yulni, tuni mahni yuyulwa kidi yulni dawak Corn Island kau ma bani tuni uk uk yuyulwa kidi bitik kulwi laihwi tatalwi. Isnin pakwi tawan askau alas yalahnin lani satni mahni duduwa kidika kuduh, muih balna ampat yalalahwa kidi dawak ampat bang kidi yulni kamanah tadi munnin yulni ma sauki paskau apis balna tunan duduwa kidi dawak sau uk kaupak dawak sau uk kaupak anipis balna yaklauiwi bik kalparaswak tanit kau kiwaski, kaunah, kaput bik, ma bani kau biri biri yulbauda kidi lani aski, sara puyuni kaupak ma sulaki balna yulnina, witingna ampat biri biri kalparaswa dai kidi yulni dawak witingna biri biri di sinsmumunwa dai kidi dawak di prisant yuwada kakaswa dai kidi yulni bik. Ampat muih balna yalalahwa dai kidi lani balna ramh laih palni yulwi yakna yulni, Nikarawa Karibi kusni kau dawak tawan uk balna kau bik kul sinsni lani sumamalwa anipis balna kau adika yulni trabail balna kalahwi, kaput kaunah, alas lani kat yalahnin lani satni mahni balna kidika kaikalahwa sak ki, nitni as nuhni kapat mayang ma tuki kat yulnin nitni dawak mayang ma laki kat ma muihki balna karak kalpakdi yalahnin lani nitni balna DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v59i0.257Wani No.59 2009 pp.31-49

Abstract Spanning across the equator with a northwest–southeast orientation, the island of Sumatra can exert significant influences on low-level flow. Under northeasterly flow, in particular, lee vortices can form and some of them may subsequently develop into tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Indian Ocean (IO). Building upon the recent work of Fine et al., this study investigates the roles of the Sumatra topography and other common features on the formation of selected cases for analysis and numerical experiments. Four cases in northern IO were selected for analysis and two of them [Nisha (2008) and Ward 2009)] for simulation at a grid size of 4 km. Sensitivity tests without the Sumatra topography were also performed. Our results indicate that during the lee stage, most pre-TC vortices tend to be stronger with a clearer circulation when the topography is present. However, the island’s terrain is a helpful but not a deciding factor in TC formation. Specifically, the vortices in the no-terrain tests also reach TC status, but just at a later time. Some common ingredients contributing to a favorable environment for TC genesis are identified. They include northeasterly winds near northern Sumatra, westerly wind bursts along the equator, and migratory disturbances (TC remnants or Borneo vortices) to provide additional vorticity/moisture from the South China Sea. These factors also appear in most of the 22 vortices in northern IO during October–December in 2008 and 2009. For the sole case (Cleo) examined in southern IO, the deflection of equatorial westerlies into northwesterlies by Sumatra (on the windward side) is also helpful to TC formation.

Salvador ra patitara uplika kyamka kaia tanka Naha ulbanka ra, ulbanka dauki waiknika ba trai kaikisa makabanka kum ra ansa munaia. Baha ba naha sa: ¿Salvador uplika nani ba dia maplika wal patitara uplika kyamka nani kulkanka alkaia sip sa ? Baha makabi walan ka ansa munaia tanira rul satka 8 nani bapi marikisa nahki Salvador ra patitara uplika wina takan kyamka nani ba maplika sakaia. Naha muna daukaia lukanka sakan ba sika nitka laka barasa rul nani bapanka plaika baku ridi dauki bri kaia Salvador ra patitara uplika kyamka nani ba nahki maplika sakaia sip kabia sapa sakaia. Trabilka taki ba sika, naha uplika nani Salvador ra ai iwanka natka nani sut tiki luwan, wibia kaka yapti bila aisanka, kwalka dimra wihta, ai Dawan ra pura sunra laka bara ai natka wala nani sut tiki luwan. Bbaha taka naiwa pyuwara Salvador ra ba campesino kum, apiakra Salvador uplika wala nani kum wihki patitara uplika kyamka kun ba wal sut sim sat kaikisa. Naha ulbanka ra alki ba pat baha muna rulka tara nani bapan ba, Salvador kuntrika ra Pipiles kyamka nani laka bapan nani ba baku sin warkka daukan wainika tauwan nani bilara ai warkka nani dauki tauki tilara uplika iwanka nani tanka kaikkan dukia nani brih wina daukan sa.Salvador innidianbalnayulni Adika yulni parahni rawaswi yakna akat warkni yamyang adika kulnin lani duwi yulwi dakana balna as kidi yak nangnit lana atnin¿salvador innidianbalnakidiaisyaklauwilaihdiyakwi? Kidi yak nangnit lanin kat kulnin lani tiaskau bas yakwi salvador innidian kapat amang lanin yulni. Adika kulnin lani adika laih kalahna ki amput dawi Salvador innidian balna yulni amang lanin yulni. Kat adika sulani balna kidi yalahwa lani balna laih palni awaski yulnin kat witingna yalalahwa lani didisna palniki, yulnin kat tuni yulwa, asnina kakawa, sutslainni yak dawak lanina balna bik laih palni yuldarang kat witingna kidi indian kapat taldaski indian as dawi salvador isnipayul karak. Adika yulni wauhnitaya akat laih yakwi yulwi sulani as tannika yulni, pipil muihni balna tannika yulwa kaupak laihwi talwi kaput bik kulwi talna as munah adika amanglanin kulnin yamwi muihni balna yalahwa lani pas yak kawi dawak amput lalah lainni munah satuk kalahwa kidi. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v62i0.858 Wani No.62 2010 pp.48-61

To eradicate the disease the drugs play a vital role in the treatment management. The Dravya or the drug placed in second prime important place in the Chikitsa Chatushpada (Four limbs of treatment) in Ayurveda viz; Bhishak (Physician), Aushadha (Drug), Upasthata or Paricharaka (Nurse or attender), Rogi (Patient). There are four branches of Dravya as per Ayurvedic classics. Viz; Nama Rupa Jnana (Pharmacognosy), Guna Karma (Pharmacology), Prayoga Jnana (Pharmacotherapeutics), Sanyoga Jnana (Pharmacy). According to Charaka Samhita the Guna (Properties) and Karma (Actions) are present in inseparable relationship called Samavayi Karana. All the drugs in the universe are made up of five proto elements. These proto elements called as Panchamahabhuta. The drug is made up of five factors are called as Karana Dravyas. These are nine in number. Viz; Akasha (Sky element), Vayu (Air element), Teja (Fire element), Prithwi (Earth element), Jala (Water element), Mana (Mind factor), Kala (Time factor), Disha (Direction), and Atma (Soul factor) factors. According to Rasa Vaisheshika (One of the Indian alchemy book) the drugs contain Rasa (Taste), Guna (Qualities), Virya (Active potency), Vipaka (Post digestive effect), Prabhava (Specific effects) five factors. Most of the time the drug is administered in an empty stomach to achieve the larger amount of absorption. But in some cases like Asthama, Hikka (Hiccough), Atisara (Diarrhea), Trishna (Excessive thirst), the drug should be administered on and often to achieve desired effects. There are 11 types of time of administration is mentioned. Viz; Abhakta (Empty stomach), Pragbhakta (Before meal), Madhyabhakta (During meal), Adhobhakta (After meal), Samabhakta (With food), Antarbhakta (Between two meal), Samudga (Before and after meals), Muhurmuhu (On and often), Sagrasa (Mith first morsel of food), Grasantara (Between morsels), Nisha (Bed time). The present work is dealt with the detail information about the drug, the drugs acting on various body systems and the some of the drugs with its classification based on various Ayurvedic texts.

Subject area Entrepreneurship, internationalization, family-owned business management, strategic management. Study level/applicability MBA/postgraduate management program courses on family business management. The case can be taught at the beginning of the course to acquaint students with the dynamics of family-owned businesses. MBA/postgraduate/undergraduate courses on entrepreneurship. It can be used in the middle of the course to highlight the challenges presented by an entrepreneur due to change in the business environment and macroeconomic scenario. MBA/postgraduate course on strategic management. It can be used at the beginning of the course to introduce strategies for managing and sustaining growth of a business. MBA/postgraduate course on organizational development. It can be used in the middle of the course to help students understand the importance of designing an optimal organizational structure for a family business. Case overview FragraAroma was an Indian fragrance company. Anil Gupta, the Founder and Managing Director of FragraAroma, and his sister Nisha were equal shareholders of the company. With changes in the Foreign Direct Investment Policy in 2013 in India, Anil and Nisha's husband Tarun had different expansion plans for FragraAroma. While Anil was planning to expand FragraAroma internationally, but his sister and her husband wanted diversification of the company's customer segment in the domestic market itself. The case is poised at the juncture, where Anil was facing a labyrinth of critical decisions. Would he go ahead with Tarun's expansion plan or stick to his plan of internationalization? Would his decision affect the harmony of the family? Was there a way that could enable him sailing his family and family business out of the doldrums? Expected learning outcomes This case is primarily about a family business and the dilemmas faced by the owner of that family business. The case captures the challenges faced by a family business in sustaining growth and competitiveness. The case can be used to understand how decisions are taken in a family-owned business. To understand the challenges faced by a family-owned business while developing and implementing its growth strategies. To understand the opportunities and challenges presented to a family-owned businesses when macroeconomic scenarios change. To understand the spillover effects of business decisions on family relations in a typical family-owned business setup. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Tematem artykułu jest złożony obraz epidemii cholery w noweli Tomasza Manna Śmierć w Wenecji. W części pierwszej, poświęconej symbolice zarazy, indyjska cholera została zinterpretowana jako znak ludzkiej skończoności (śmiertelności) oraz przejaw degeneracji artysty, który – prowadząc wcześniej ascetyczny tryb życia – zakochał się w kilkunastoletnim chłopcu. W ten sposób indyjska cholera staje się symbolem buntu ciała przeciwko duchowi, co znajduje także swoje odzwierciedlenie na płaszczyźnie kultury zachodniej (rozum, dyscyplina), ulegającej wpływom wschodnim (zmysły, żywiołowość). W jakiejś zatem mierze nowelę Manna można odczytywać w duchu dyskursu kolonialnego, zgodnie z którym Wschód jest postrzegany jako zagrożenie dla Europy; w ocenie narratora bowiem źródłami indyjskiej cholery są klimat oraz niski poziom medycyny w Indiach. W części drugiej, poświęconej postawom ludzi wobec epidemii, ukazana została polityka władz miasta wobec zbiorowego zagrożenia; pomimo coraz większej liczby zgonów i zachorowań politycy uspokajają mieszkańców, że sytuacja jest pod kontrolą, a rygory higieniczne wynikają z ostrożności. Powodem takiego kłamstwa (powtarzanego także przez mieszkańców Wenecji) jest groźba bankructwa ludzi żyjących z turystyki. Panująca epidemia jest też okazją do napadów rabunkowych, a nawet morderstw, przestępcy wierzą bowiem, że w zaistniałych okolicznościach pozostaną bezkarni. Obraz ten sugeruje, że człowiek jest istotą egoistyczną, w warunkach zagrożenia bardziej troszczącą się o własny los aniżeli o los innych ludzi. “So There Is No Malady in Venice?” The Image of an Epidemic in Thomas Mann’s Short Story Death in Venice The topic of the paper is the complex image of a cholera epidemic in Thomas Mann’s short story Death in Venice. In the first part of the text, devoted to the symbolism of the disease, Asiatic cholera is interpreted as a symbol of human finitude (mortality) and a manifestation of the degeneration of the artist, who, having previously led an ascetic life, falls in love with a teenage boy. Asiatic cholera becomes a symbol of the body rebelling against the mind, which is also reflected on the level of Western culture (reason, discipline) succumbing to Eastern influences (sense, spontaneity). Therefore, Mann’s story can be interpreted from the perspective of colonial discourse, according to which the East is perceived as a threat to Europe; in the narrator’s view, the source of Asiatic cholera is the climate of India and its poor level of medical knowledge. In the second part, devoted to human attitudes towards the epidemic, the article presents the local government’s policy towards the collective threat; despite the growing number of deaths and infections, the politicians are calming people down, claiming that the situation is completely under control and any sanitary restrictions are introduced as a mere precaution. The reason behind the lie (also repeated by the inhabitants of Venice) is the threat of bankruptcy faced by the people who make their living from tourism. The epidemic is also an opportunity for robberies and even murders, because criminals believe that in these circumstances they will remain unpunished. This pessimistic image suggests that humans are egoistic and care more about their own fate than the fate of others when standing in the face of danger.

This study aimed to examine the implementation pattern of the constructivist theory in limited face-to-face learning (PTMT). The method used was descriptive qualitative with the subject of teachers in the Malang City area. Data was collected by using a survey distributed online through Google Forms. The results showed that the implementation pattern ofconstructivist theory in limited face-to-face learning (PTMT) was carried out through 5 (five) base of learning implementation, namely the application of problem-based learning, the application of project-based learning, the use of digital-based teaching materials and media, the application of psychosocial learning and contextuallearning. Teachers carried out limited face-to-face learning by applying constructivist theory massively and gradually, starting from planning, the process of learning activities, and learning evaluation. In addition to the use of media and 5M learning models in this study, the application of constructivist theory in PTMT learning aimed to help students become more active and teachers as moderators be more innovative. Learning process carried out at the elementary school level was only 50 percent attendance at the maximum. The implementation of student-centered learning showed 45% was very good, 50% was good, 2.5% was good, 2.5% was not good. The results showed that the inhibiting factor for student-centered implementation was the limited duration of time in learning. On the other hand, there were also restrictions on interactions carried out in the classroom so that teachers experienced a decline in exploring the learning process. Keywords: constructivism theory. limited face-to-face learning, elementary school. References: Adiyono, A. 2021. Implementasi Pembelajaran: Peluang dan Tantangan Pembelajaran Tatap Muka Bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Muara Komam. 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The case discusses a pressing problem that a Human Resource (HR) Lead was confronted with. A female colleague in the organization had filed a complaint of sexual harassment against a senior male colleague. The HR Lead had never dealt with such a case before and was worried about how to go about the enquiry process and resolve the matter based on the laws applicable in India. This complaint was received at such a stage in the organizational lifecycle when the organization—Kapoor Housing Finance Limited (KHFL) had acquired another organization—Munich Home Finance Limited (MHFL) which was the Indian subsidiary of a multinational bank. While in the short run, the complaint of sexual harassment was seemingly important, however, in the long run, this complaint could be a sign of deeper issues that might have emerged due to the recent organizational change process of Merger and Acquisition (M&A) that the organization and its employees were witnessing. The employees of both the firms could be under stress because of changing expectations and uncertainties arising from restructuring, reshuffling and fear of relocation and layoffs, etc. How should the managers deal with changing dynamics arising out of the organizational change? The case attempts at finding solutions to the problems to increase the level of co-operation, trust and collaboration among the employees.

The effect of four different cyclones making land fall on four different coastal regions is studied viz., Nisha (2008, Tamil Nadu), Laila (2010, Andhra Pradesh), Sidr (2007, Bangladesh) and land depression BOB 03 (2008, Orissa). Remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) technique are used to detect change in Land use and Land cover (LU/LC). Change in vegetation cover by Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) is also investigated. Further, preparation of slope map, processing of buffer zoning map is exercised. These parameters are analyzed to find the impression of cyclones after hitting the coastal boundaries by considering the images before and after the cyclone has passed. Change detection assessment of LU/LC features provides information for monitoring the trend of change in an area. In almost every considered region, it is found that dense vegetation is changed to sparse vegetation. Also, decrease in the irrigated cropland due to heavy rainfall caused by cyclone is noted. Risk zone is created by buffer ring of cyclone track to spot the area under risk zone. The area calculation suggests the effect of cyclone at the distance of 20–50[Formula: see text]km from the cyclone path which is validated from the slope effect on LU/LC, also. Some of the common features such as dense vegetation, show decrease in the area by 71%, 17%, 67% and 60%, or settlement area also shows decrease by 38%, 15%, 57% and 17% due to Laila, BOB 03, Nisha and Sidr cyclones, respectively. Increase in shrubland mix with rangeland by 18%, 113% and 98% is also seen due to Laila, Nisha and Sidr cyclones. Other LU/LC shows changes such as, water bodies increasing by 6%, 189% due to BOB 03 and Nisha cyclones. Changes are also seen in sparsed vegetation, which is decreased in Orissa and Tamil Nadu and increased in Andhra Pradesh and Bangladesh. It is demonstrated that by preparing risk zonation map, risk assessment can be done.

In this edited interview, psychologists Eric Greene and Nisha Gupta converse with filmmaker and psychologist Suzanne Barnard about her film MAXAMBA. MAXAMBA was created as a sensory ethnographic memory of inhabitants of Lisbon’s Quinta da Vitória neighborhood as they awaited the neighborhood’s final demolition. The film focuses on the daily life of an Indian Portuguese couple who emigrated from Mozambique (a former colony of Portugal) to Lisbon in the 1970s. The husband and wife both work out of their home in the neighborhood. As tailors, they have a close relationship with the other inhabitants, and they are especially integrated into the Hindu community that lives in this neighborhood. In this dialogue, Suzanne describes the film as constructing a virtual or living memory out of coexisting planes of past, present, and future—a memorial process that seeks to honor the everyday life of the couple prior to their traumatic displacement. She also explores how the film attempts to mobilize an intervention in the neighborhood’s representation in the city, and reflects on opportunities and limitations for art activism through the vehicle of filmmaking.