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Journal articles on the topic 'NISR'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Mazzotta, Alejandro S., and Thomas J. Montville. "Characterization of Fatty Acid Composition, Spore Germination, and Thermal Resistance in a Nisin-Resistant Mutant of Clostridium botulinum 169B and in the Wild-Type Strain." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 2 (1999): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.2.659-664.1999.

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ABSTRACT The membrane fatty acids, thermal resistance, and germination of a nisin-resistant (Nisr) mutant of Clostridium botulinum 169B were compared with those of the wild-type (WT) strain. In the membranes of WT cells, almost 50% of the total fatty acids were unsaturated, but in those of Nisr cells, only 23% of the fatty acids were unsaturated. WT and Nisrspores contained similar amounts (approximately 23%) of unsaturated fatty acids, but the saturated straight-chain/branched-chain ratio was significantly higher in Nisr spores than in WT spores. These fatty acid differences suggest that Nisr

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2

Eichenbaum, Zehava, Michael J. Federle, Diana Marra, et al. "Use of the Lactococcal nisA Promoter To Regulate Gene Expression in Gram-Positive Bacteria: Comparison of Induction Level and Promoter Strength." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 8 (1998): 2763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.8.2763-2769.1998.

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ABSTRACT We characterized the regulated activity of the lactococcalnisA promoter in strains of the gram-positive species Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae,Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis. nisA promoter activity was dependent on the proteins NisR and NisK, which constitute a two-component signal transduction system that responds to the extracellular inducer nisin. The nisin sensitivity and inducer concentration required for maximal induction varied among the strains. Significant induction of the nisApromoter (10- to 60-fold induction) was ob

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3

Reunanen, J., and P. E. J. Saris. "Microplate Bioassay for Nisin in Foods, Based on Nisin-Induced Green Fluorescent Protein Fluorescence." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 7 (2003): 4214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.7.4214-4218.2003.

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ABSTRACT A plasmid coding for the nisin two-component regulatory proteins, NisK and NisR, was constructed; in this plasmid a gfp gene (encoding the green fluorescent protein) was placed under control of the nisin-inducible nisF promoter. The plasmid was transformed into non-nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strain MG1614. The new strain could sense extracellular nisin and transduce it to green fluorescent protein fluorescence. The amount of fluorescence was dependent on the nisin concentration, and it could be measured easily. By using this strain, an assay for quantification of nisin was dev

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Suzuki, Akihiko, and Miwa Suzuki. "Antimicrobial Activity of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Isolated from a Stranded Cuvier’s Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris) against Gram-Positive and -Negative Bacteria." Microorganisms 9, no. 2 (2021): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020243.

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In the present study, we isolated and characterized Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) subsp. lactis from a female Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) stranded in Shizuoka, Japan. Only five isolates (CBW1-5), grown on Lactobacilli de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar plates prepared using 50% artificial seawater, were positive in L. lactis species-specific primer PCR. Their 16S rRNA sequences were highly similar to those of L. lactis subsp. lactis JCM 5805T. The Gram reaction, motility, gas production from glucose, catalase production, and growth conditions were consistent with those of the typ

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Hakovirta, J., J. Reunanen, and P. E. J. Saris. "Bioassay for Nisin in Milk, Processed Cheese, Salad Dressings, Canned Tomatoes, and Liquid Egg Products." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 2 (2006): 1001–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.2.1001-1005.2006.

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ABSTRACT A sensitive nisin quantification bioassay was constructed, based on Lactococcus lactis chromosomally encoding the nisin regulatory proteins NisK and NisR and a plasmid with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) variant gfpuv gene under the control of the nisin-inducible nisA promoter. This strain, LAC275, was capable of transducing the signal from extracellular nisin into measurable GFPuv fluorescence through the NisRK signal transduction system. The LAC275 cells detected nisin concentrations of 10 pg/ml in culture supernatant, 0.2 ng/ml in milk, 3.6 ng/g in processed cheese, 1 ng/g in sa

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6

Hill, Colin. "Poles Apart: Where and How Cells Construct Nisin." mBio 11, no. 6 (2020): e02991-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02991-20.

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ABSTRACTNisin is a 34-amino-acid lantibiotic that has been used commercially for almost a century as a food preservative. In order to produce active nisin, Lactococcus lactis requires an 11-gene operon that encodes proteins involved in modification, processing, transport, immunity, and regulation. While the role of each of the 11 proteins is well understood, the location and spatial organization of the biosynthetic machinery that involves NisA, NisB, NisC, NisT, and NisP remain to be determined. In this elegant paper (J. Chen, A. J. van Heel, and O. P. Kuipers, mBio 11:e02825-20, 2020, https:/

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Ganjali, Shiva, Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari, Željko Reiner, and Amirhossein Sahebkar. "Differential Expression of miRNA-223 in Coronary In-Stent Restenosis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 3 (2022): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030849.

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Objective: In-stent restenosis (ISR) is an unfavorable complication that occurs in patients after coronary stenting. Despite the progress with advent of modern DES and new antiplatelet agents, restenosis still hampers PCI short- and long-term results. The aim of this study was to investigate whether circulating miRNA-223, which is associated with HDL particles and involved in cholesterol efflux pathway, have diagnostic capability for determining ISR. Methods: This case–control study comprised 21 ISR and 26 NISR patients. The level of miRNA-223 expression was evaluated by TaqMan Real-Time PCR,

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8

MAZZOTTA, A. S., K. MODI, and T. J. MONTVILLE. "Nisin-resistant (Nisr) Listeria monocytogenes and Nisr Clostridium botulinum Are Not Resistant to Common Food Preservatives." Journal of Food Science 65, no. 5 (2000): 888–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb13606.x.

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9

Xu, Juan, Shulin Fu, Manli Liu, et al. "The two-component system NisK/NisR contributes to the virulence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2." Microbiological Research 169, no. 7-8 (2014): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2013.11.002.

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10

Agoro, Mojeed A., and Edson L. Meyer. "Roles of TOPO Coordinating Solvent on Prepared Nano-Flower/Star and Nano-Rods Nickel Sulphides for Solar Cells Applications." Nanomaterials 12, no. 19 (2022): 3409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12193409.

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The present study describes a cheap, safe, and stable chemical process for the formation of nickel sulphide (NiS) with the use of mixed and single molecular precursors. The production pathway is uncomplicated, energy-efficient, quick, and toxic-free, with large-scale commercialization potential. The obtained results show the effect of tri-N-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as a coordinating solvent on the reaction chemistry, size distributions, morphology, and optical properties of both precursors. Ni[N,N-benz-N-p-anisldtc] as NiSa, Ni[N,N-benzldtc] as NiSb, and Ni[N-p-anisldtc] as NiSc thermally d

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11

Crandall, Allison D., and Thomas J. Montville. "Nisin Resistance in Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 700302 Is a Complex Phenotype." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 1 (1998): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.1.231-237.1998.

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ABSTRACT Nisin resistance in Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 700302 is a complex phenotype involving alterations in both the cytoplasmic membrane and the cell wall and a requirement for divalent cations. In addition to a lower ratio of C15 to C17 fatty acids than in the wild-type strain (A. S. Mazzotta and T. J. Montville, J. Appl. Microbiol. 82:32–38, 1997), this nisin-resistant (Nisr) strain contained significantly more zwitterionic phosphatidylethanolamine and less anionic phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. The extraction of cardiolipin was enhanced by a penicillin-lysozyme step to disrupt t

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Gatera, Etienne. "The Demographic Transition: Analysis of Nuptiality Component on Change of Fertility in Rwanda." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica 16 (December 26, 2021): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20845456.16.6.

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This study is an assessment of the impact of the nuptiality component on the change in the fertility process, which is part of the demographic transition in Rwanda. It focusses on indicators such as age of first marriage, rates of divorce, separation, marriage dissolution, widowhood, polygamy, and number of unmarried people, for their impact on the change in total fertility rate (TFR) in Rwanda. Further, the study examines nuptiality level and behaviour in Rwanda. It is based on the investigation and interpretation of data from various reports of the National Institute Statistics of Rwanda (NI

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13

Gao, Jing, Yin Liu, Rang-zhuang Cui, et al. "Relationship of interleukin-6-572C/G promoter polymorphism and serum levels to post-percutaneous coronary intervention restenosis." Chinese Medical Journal 126, no. 6 (2013): 1019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20122254.

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Background It has been recently reported that inflammatory mechanisms play an important role in in-stent restenosis (ISR) processes. Inflammatory factors after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for dynamic monitoring can probably predict ISR. Functional polymorphisms in the promoter region of genes coding for inflammatory factors might be important for determining the magnitude of the inflammatory response. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the serial changes in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels before and after PCI and the relationship between the -572C/G polymorphism

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14

Kuipers, Anneke, Jenny Wierenga, Rick Rink, et al. "Sec-Mediated Transport of Posttranslationally Dehydrated Peptides in Lactococcus lactis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 12 (2006): 7626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01802-06.

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ABSTRACT Nisin is a lanthionine-containing antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis. Its (methyl)lanthionines are introduced by two posttranslational enzymatic steps involving the dehydratase NisB, which dehydrates serine and threonine residues, and the cyclase NisC, which couples these dehydrated residues to cysteines, yielding thioether-bridged amino acids called lanthionines. The prenisin is subsequently exported by the ABC transporter NisT and extracellularly processed by the peptidase NisP. L. lactis expressing the nisBTC genes can modify and secrete a wide range of nonlantibi

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15

Kuipers, Anneke, Jenny Meijer-Wierenga, Rick Rink, Leon D. Kluskens, and Gert N. Moll. "Mechanistic Dissection of the Enzyme Complexes Involved in Biosynthesis of Lacticin 3147 and Nisin." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 21 (2008): 6591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01334-08.

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ABSTRACT The thioether rings in the lantibiotics lacticin 3147 and nisin are posttranslationally introduced by dehydration of serines and threonines, followed by coupling of these dehydrated residues to cysteines. The prepeptides of the two-component lantibiotic lacticin 3147, LtnA1 and LtnA2, are dehydrated and cyclized by two corresponding bifunctional enzymes, LtnM1 and LtnM2, and are subsequently processed and exported via one bifunctional enzyme, LtnT. In the nisin synthetase complex, the enzymes NisB, NisC, NisT, and NisP dehydrate, cyclize, export, and process prenisin, respectively. He

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Hilmi, Hanan T. Abbas, Kari Kylä-Nikkilä, Runar Ra, and Per E. J. Saris. "Nisin induction without nisin secretion." Microbiology 152, no. 5 (2006): 1489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28544-0.

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Nisin Z, a post-translationally modified antimicrobial peptide of Lactococcus lactis, is positively autoregulated by extracellular nisin via the two-component regulatory proteins NisRK. A mutation in the nisin NisT transporter rendered L. lactis incapable of nisin secretion, and nisin accumulated inside the cells. Normally nisin is activated after secretion by the serine protease NisP in the cell wall. This study showed that when secretion of nisin was blocked, intracellular proteolytic activity could cleave the N-terminal leader peptide of nisin precursor, resulting in active nisin. The isola

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17

Caughey, Amy, Pitsiula Kilabuk, Igah Sanguya, et al. "Niqivut Silalu Asijjipalliajuq: Building a Community-Led Food Sovereignty and Climate Change Research Program in Nunavut, Canada." Nutrients 14, no. 8 (2022): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14081572.

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The history of health research in Inuit communities in Canada recounts unethical and colonizing research practices. Recent decades have witnessed profound changes that have advanced ethical and community-driven research, yet much work remains. Inuit have called for research reform in Inuit Nunangat, most recently creating the National Inuit Strategy on Research (NISR) as a framework to support this work. The present study details the process undertaken to create a research program guided by the NISR to address food security, nutrition, and climate change in Inuit Nunangat. Four main elements w

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18

Celestin, Mbonigaba. "Factors Leading Female Labour Force Involvement in Rwanda." Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 1, no. 2 (2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v1i2.33.

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The study evaluates the determinants of female labour force participation in Rwanda. The specific objectives were to establish the determinants of female labour choice to working in different sectors in Rwanda, and investigate the factors which affect female labour force participation in Rwanda. To be able to respond to the research questions and objectives, the Rwanda labor force survey data of year 2018 data collected by National institute of statistics of Rwanda (NISR) was used. As this study, use national coverage data with a representative sample of 8936 households in the second round of

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19

Nilsson, Lilian, Yuhuan Chen, Michael L. Chikindas, Hans Henrik Huss, Lone Gram, and Thomas J. Montville. "Carbon Dioxide and Nisin Act Synergistically onListeria monocytogenes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 2 (2000): 769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.2.769-774.2000.

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ABSTRACT This paper examines the synergistic action of carbon dioxide and nisin on Listeria monocytogenes Scott A wild-type and nisin-resistant (Nisr) cells grown in broth at 4°C. Carbon dioxide extended the lag phase and decreased the specific growth rate of both strains, but to a greater degree in the Nisrcells. Wild-type cells grown in 100% CO2 were two to five times longer than cells grown in air. Nisin (2.5 μg/ml) did not decrease the viability of Nisr cells but for wild-type cells caused an immediate 2-log reduction of viability when they were grown in air and a 4-log reduction when they

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Plat, Annechien, Leon D. Kluskens, Anneke Kuipers, Rick Rink, and Gert N. Moll. "Requirements of the Engineered Leader Peptide of Nisin for Inducing Modification, Export, and Cleavage." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 2 (2010): 604–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01503-10.

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ABSTRACTNisin A is a pentacyclic peptide antibiotic produced byLactococcus lactis. The leader peptide of prenisin keeps nisin inactive and has a role in inducing NisB- and NisC-catalyzed modifications of the propeptide and NisT-mediated export. The highly specific NisP cleaves off the leader peptide from fully modified and exported prenisin. We present here a detailed mutagenesis analysis of the nisin leader peptide. For alternative cleavage, we successfully introduced a putative NisP autocleavage site and sites for thrombin, enterokinase, Glu-C, and factor Xa in the C-terminal part of the lea

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Zhang, Xiong, Xiao-Ping Xiao, Xu Ai Ren, and Wei Xue. "Circulating microRNA-21 as Stable Blood-Based Markers for Patients With ISR After PCI." Heart Surgery Forum 23, no. 6 (2020): E756—E762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf.3245.

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It recently has been reported that the in-stent restenosis (ISR) of expanded area after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within six months can become a serious postoperative complication. A real-time quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression of serum miR-21 in 33 ISR and 37 non-ISR patients after PCI. Expression of miR-21 was significantly higher in the ISR group compared with that in the NISR group, and a similar trend also occurred in factor- (TNF-α) level, Interleukin -6 (IL-6) level, and plaque area (PLA). However, a contrary trend occurred in the external elastic membran

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Liu, Zhen-Shu, Chuen-Fu Lin, Chung-Pei Lee, et al. "A Single Plasmid of Nisin-Controlled Bovine and Human Lactoferrin Expressing Elevated Antibacterial Activity of Lactoferrin-Resistant Probiotic Strains." Antibiotics 10, no. 2 (2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10020120.

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Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein found in mammals, and it shows broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. To improve the functional properties of specific probiotics in order to provide both the beneficial characteristics of lactic acid bacteria and the biological activity of LF, cDNAs of bovine LF (BLF), human LF (HLF), or porcine LF (PLF) were cloned into a nisin-inducible plasmid. These were then transformed into the selected eight probiotics, which are LF-resistant hosts. Expression of recombinant LFs (rLFs) was analyzed via SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. Although the select

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23

Liu, Zhihui, Tengda Guo, Yongjun Cheng, et al. "Mechanism of Seebeck coefficient variation at the output of NiCr/NiSi thin film thermocouple with different wires." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2724, no. 1 (2024): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2724/1/012001.

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Abstract In this paper, by using magnetron sputtering to prepare NiCr/NiSi thin film thermocouples, the static calibration method is used for NiCr/NiSi thermocouples with rapid temperature calibration experiments. Different temperature calibration curves are obtained. The Seebeck coefficient of NiCr/NiSi thin film thermocouples connected to NiCr/NiSi wires is significantly higher (41.39 μV/°C) than that of NiCr/NiSi wires (0 μV/°C). The Seebeck coefficient (41.39 μV/°C) of the NiCr/NiSi thin-film thermocouple connected to copper wire is significantly higher than that of the thermocouple connec

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Cui, Yun Xian, De Shun Yang, Qi Yong Zeng, and Bao Yuan Sun. "Fabrication and Characterization of NiCr/NiSi Functional Thin Films on Temperature Measurement of Cutter Sensor." Key Engineering Materials 431-432 (March 2010): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.431-432.535.

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NiCr/NiSi functional thin films of temperature measurement of cutter sensor were prepared by means of advanced Twinned microwave ECR plasma source enhanced Radio Frequency (RF) reaction non-balance magnetron sputtering technique. Fabrication technologies of NiCr/NiSi thin films were studied. The Compositions, micro-morphology, general structure and depth of NiCr/NiSi thin films were analyzed by means of Electron Probe, SEM, AFM, step profiler and stereo vision micro operation system. The results showed that NiCr/NiSi thin-films were small depth, uniform compact, smooth and good continuity, com

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Ganjali, Shiva, Atena Mansouri, Mitra Abbasifard, Seyed Adel Moallem, Zahra Tayarani-Najaran, and Amirhossein Sahebkar. "Association between Oxidative Burden and Restenosis: A Case-Control Study." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (June 28, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3577761.

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Background. In-stent restenosis (ISR) is an important clinical complication that occurs following stent implantation. The application of drug-eluting stents (DES) and even consumption of drugs such as antiplatelet agents and statins are not completely effective in reducing ISR risk. Since the number of these patients continues to rise, it is pivotal to detect patients who are at a higher risk of ISR. In addition, identification of biochemical markers of ISR could give the right perspective on choosing the proper strategy to treat these patients. Several pathophysiological pathways including ox

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Muremyi, R., I. Laurianne, and W. Gasafari Mpabuka. "The Impact of Rwanda's Education on Fertility." AFRICAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH 10, no. 1 (2024): 238–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26437/ajar.v10i1.685.

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Purpose: This study examines the relationship between education and fertility in Rwanda. The main objective of this study is to identify the impact of fertility on population growth in Rwanda Design/Methodology/Approach: This research used the secondary data from the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) reported as the Demographic Health Survey (DHS) dataset spanning 2010, 2015, and 2020 from the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda(NISR). Utilising stratified random sampling, as implemented in the DHS datasets, provides a robust and representative sample for investigating t

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Zeng, Qi Yong, Tao Hong, Le Chen, and Yun Xian Cui. "Magnetron Sputtering of NiCr/NiSi Thin-Film Thermocouple Sensor for Temperature Measurement when Machining Chemical Explosive Material." Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (February 2011): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.134.

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Temperature plays a vital role in the machining industry today. A Nickel-Chrome versus Nickel-Silicon thin-film thermocouple system has been established for measuring instantaneous workpiece temperature in chemical explosive material machining. The NiCr/NiSi thin-film thermocouples have been deposited inside high speed steel cutters by magnetron sputtering. The typical deposition conditions are summarized. Static and dynamic calibrations of the NiCr/NiSi thin-film thermocouples are presented. The Seebeck coefficient of the TFTC is 40.4 μV/°C which is almost the same as that of NiCr/NiSi wire t

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Duan, Qianwen, Hongjie Kang, Cuiling Guan, et al. "One-Step Microwave Synthesis of NiSb/NiSe Nanomaterials for High Performance Supercapacitors." Molecules 30, no. 10 (2025): 2168. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30102168.

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This paper investigated the preparation of NiSb/NiSe nanomaterials using a microwave method and explored their electrochemical properties and potential applications in supercapacitors. The NiSb/NiSe nanomaterials were synthesized on nickel foam using microwave radiation, resulting in uniformly distributed flower-like nanostructures. This structure not only provided abundant electrochemical reaction sites, but also improved the electrical conductivity and ion diffusion, contributing to the overall performance of supercapacitors. Electrochemical tests showed that the NiSb/NiSe material exhibited

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Zeng, Qi Yong, Xiao Feng Zheng, Gao Hui Zhang, and Le Chen. "Development of Cutting Tools with Built-in Thin Film Thermocouple for Monitoring Machining Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3170.

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Temperature plays a vital role in the machining industry today. NiCr/NiSi thin-film thermocouples have been deposited on the rake face of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools by magnetron sputtering. The typical deposition conditions are summarized. Static and dynamic calibrations of the NiCr/NiSi thin-film thermocouples are presented. The Seebeck coefficient of the TFTC is 37.3 μV/°C. The response time is about 3.9 ms. The testing results indicate that the developed NiCr/NiSi thin-film thermocouple sensors perform excellently when machining A3 steel in situ.

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Guo, Huijin, Zhihui Liu, Tengda Guo, et al. "Effect of Hot Junction Size on the Temperature Measurement of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Using NiCr/NiSi Thin-Film Thermocouple Sensors." Micromachines 15, no. 11 (2024): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15111375.

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In the process of using thin-film thermocouples for contact measurement of the reaction temperature in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), the impact of thin-film thermocouple volume on the system’s reaction temperature field variation, reaction efficiency, and the lifespan of thermocouples under these conditions is not thoroughly studied. Using magnetron sputtering technology, NiCr/NiSi thin-film thermocouples (NiCr/NiSi TFTCs) with different junction sizes were fabricated on the proton exchange membrane (PEM). These NiCr/NiSi TFTCs exhibit excellent compactness, with thickness and p

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Zhao, Guangyuan, Xin Li, and Zhihui Liu. "Research on Precise Temperature Monitoring and Thermal Management Optimization of Automobile Engines Based on High-Precision Thin-Film Thermocouple Technology." Micromachines 16, no. 3 (2025): 249. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16030249.

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Thin-film thermocouple is widely used in temperature measurement because of its high temperature measurement accuracy and small size. In order to calibrate the temperature accurately with thin-film thermocouple, NiCr/NiSi thin-film thermocouple was prepared by magnetron sputtering according to the Seebeck effect. Through static calibration experiments, the Seebeck coefficient of K-wire thermocouple was found to be 39.23 μV/°C, while that of the NiCr/NiSi thin-film thermocouple was 38.89 μV/°C. Further experiments showed a Seebeck coefficient of 39.092 μV/°C for the NiCr/NiSi thin-film thermoco

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Byishimo, Patrick, Adane Tufa, Mastewal Yami, et al. "The Effect of Land Inheritance on Youth Migration and Employment Decisions in Rwanda." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (2022): 5404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095404.

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There is growing mobility of rural youth mainly caused by limited access to land resources and inadequacy of job opportunities. Increased population density coupled with low education rates has increased pressure on natural resources, especially land. This paper assessed the effect of land inheritance on youth migration and employment in Rwanda using the 2010/11 and 2013/14 Integrated Household Living Conditions Surveys (EICVs) data collected from 8160 households by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). In-depth key informant interviews and focus group discussions, at institut

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Ndagijimana, Joseph, Tharcisse Nzasingizimana, and Almas Heshmati. "An Analysis of the Determinants of Youth Employment in Rwanda." UKH Journal of Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v2n2y2018.pp1-10.

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The main objective of this research is to analyze the determinants of youth employment in Rwanda from the point of view of the demand, supply and the general labor market. An analysis of the data shows that a skill gap is most critical for employment creation and a transition from school-to-work seems problematic. Further, questions remain about what factors influence youth employment in Rwanda and how youth employment is related to poverty reduction and distribution of income. The study uses a multinomial logit model to shed light on the determinants of youth employment status in the country

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Rawlings, Samantha, John Lo Verde, and Wayland Dong. "The use and application of pressure-based acoustical metrics adopted within the International Building Code." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (2022): A66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015562.

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The 2021 International Building Code (IBC) includes pressure-based metrics as the field acoustical standards for conformance. These include normalized noise isolation class (NNIC) and normalized impact sound rating (NISR) (ASTM E336-20 and ASTM E1007-21, ASTM International; 2021 International Building Code, Section 1206, International Code Council). Pressure-based metrics were intentionally used in lieu of power based metrics. The authors here address why pressure-based metrics are more appropriate than power-based metrics for field verification, following from previous work [LoVerde and Dong,

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van der Meer, J. R., J. Polman, M. M. Beerthuyzen, R. J. Siezen, O. P. Kuipers, and W. M. De Vos. "Characterization of the Lactococcus lactis nisin A operon genes nisP, encoding a subtilisin-like serine protease involved in precursor processing, and nisR, encoding a regulatory protein involved in nisin biosynthesis." Journal of Bacteriology 175, no. 9 (1993): 2578–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.175.9.2578-2588.1993.

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van den Berg van Saparoea, H. Bart, Patrick J. Bakkes, Gert N. Moll, and Arnold J. M. Driessen. "Distinct Contributions of the Nisin Biosynthesis Enzymes NisB and NisC and Transporter NisT to Prenisin Production by Lactococcus lactis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 17 (2008): 5541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00342-08.

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ABSTRACT Several Lactococcus lactis strains produce the lantibiotic nisin. The dedicated enzymes NisB and NisC and the transporter NisT modify and secrete the ribosomally synthesized nisin precursor peptide. NisB can function in the absence of the cyclase NisC, yielding the dehydrated prenisin that lacks the thioether rings. A kinetic analysis of nisin production by L. lactis NZ9700 demonstrated that the prenisin was released from the cell into the medium before the processing of the leader sequence occurred. Upon the deletion of nisC, the production of prenisin was reduced by 70%, while in th

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Wu, Xiuchao, Jiamin Xu, Zihan Zhu, et al. "Scalable neural indoor scene rendering." ACM Transactions on Graphics 41, no. 4 (2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3528223.3530153.

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We propose a scalable neural scene reconstruction and rendering method to support distributed training and interactive rendering of large indoor scenes. Our representation is based on tiles. Tile appearances are trained in parallel through a background sampling strategy that augments each tile with distant scene information via a proxy global mesh. Each tile has two low-capacity MLPs: one for view-independent appearance (diffuse color and shading) and one for view-dependent appearance (specular highlights, reflections). We leverage the phenomena that complex view-dependent scene reflections ca

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Liu, Zhihui, Tengda Guo, Yongjun Cheng, et al. "Applied to calibrate the new intelligent bearing of NiCr/NiSi film thermocouple." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2784, no. 1 (2024): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2784/1/012020.

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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to study the calibration method of new intelligent bearing applied to NiCr/NiSi film thermocouple. Firstly, the basic principle and characteristics of NiCr/NiSi film thermocouple and intelligent bearing are introduced, and then the design and realization process of intelligent bearing are elaborated, including material selection, structural design, manufacturing process and so on. Then, this paper puts forward the calibration method of intelligent bearing, and verifies its effectiveness through experiments. The experimental results show that the Seebeck co

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Ruhara, Charles Mulindabigwi, and Josue Mbonigaba. "The Role of Economic Factors in the Choice of Medical Providers in Rwanda." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 8, no. 2(J) (2016): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v8i2(j).1255.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of economic factors in choosing alternative service providers and to recommend suitable measures that could be taken to improve the use of health services in Rwanda. The study uses a multinomial logit framework and employs the Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (EICV2) conducted in 2005 by the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). To handle the problem of endogeneity, we estimate a structural model. The results indicate that health insurance is an important factor in the choice of health facilities. User fees are majo

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Kramer, Naomi E., Sacha A. F. T. van Hijum, Jan Knol, Jan Kok, and Oscar P. Kuipers. "Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Mechanisms by Which Lactococcus lactis Acquires Nisin Resistance." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 5 (2006): 1753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.50.5.1753-1761.2006.

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ABSTRACT Nisin, a posttranslationally modified antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis, is widely used as a food preservative. Yet, the mechanisms leading to the development of nisin resistance in bacteria are poorly understood. We used whole-genome DNA microarrays of L. lactis IL1403 to identify the factors underlying acquired nisin resistance mechanisms. The transcriptomes of L. lactis IL1403 and L. lactis IL1403 Nisr, which reached a 75-fold higher nisin resistance level, were compared. Differential expression was observed in genes encoding proteins that are involved in cell wa

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Liu, Zhihui, Bohao Chang, Jinzhe Li, et al. "Preliminary Monitoring and Observation of Fuel Cell Temperature Characteristics by Using NiCr-NiSi Thin-Film Thermocouple." Micromachines 16, no. 6 (2025): 639. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16060639.

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This study presents the calibration methodology of NiCr-NiSi thin-film thermocouples and evaluates their application in real-time temperature monitoring and characterization of fuel cell thermal behavior. Experimental results reveal that the Seebeck coefficients of the NiCr-NiSi thin films remain stable after multiple calibration cycles, indicating good reliability and repeatability. Furthermore, the thermocouples demonstrate an ultrafast response time of less than 15 microseconds and reach thermal equilibrium within 200 microseconds under transient thermal inputs. These characteristics enable

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Li, Haiping, and Daniel J. O'Sullivan. "Identification of a nisI Promoter within the nisABCTIP Operon That May Enable Establishment of Nisin Immunity Prior to Induction of the Operon via Signal Transduction." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 24 (2006): 8496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00946-06.

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ABSTRACT Certain strains of Lactococcus lactis produce the broad-spectrum bacteriocin nisin, which belongs to the lantibiotic class of antimicrobial peptides. The genes encoding nisin are organized in three contiguous operons: nisABTCIP, encoding production and immunity (nisI); nisRK, encoding regulation; and nisFEG, also involved in immunity. Transcription of nisABTCIP and nisFEG requires autoinduction by external nisin via signal transducing by NisRK. This organization poses the intriguing question of how sufficient immunity (NisI) can be expressed when the nisin cluster enters a new cell, b

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CHEN, Y. Z., H. C. JIANG, W. L. ZHANG, X. Z. LIU, and S. W. JIANG. "FILM THICKNESS INFLUENCES ON THE THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF NiCr/NiSi THIN FILM THERMOCOUPLES." Modern Physics Letters B 27, no. 14 (2013): 1350103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984913501030.

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NiCr / NiSi thin film thermocouples (TFTCs) with a multi-layer structure were fabricated on Ni -based superalloy substrates (95 mm × 35 mm × 2 mm) by magnetron sputtering and electron beam evaporation. The five-layer structure is composed of NiCrAlY buffer layer (2 μm), thermally grown Al 2 O 3 bond layer (200 nm), Al 2 O 3 insulating layer (10 μm), NiCr / NiSi TFTCs (1 μm), and Al 2 O 3 protective layer (500 nm). Influences of thermocouple layer thickness on thermoelectric properties were investigated. Seebeck coefficient of the samples with the increase in thermocouple layer thickness from 0

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Nqombolo, Azile, and Peter A. Ajibade. "Synthesis and Spectral Studies of Ni(II) Dithiocarbamate Complexes and Their Use as Precursors for Nickel Sulphides Nanocrystals." Journal of Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1293790.

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Ni(II) dithiocarbamate complexes have been synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopic techniques. Electronic spectra measurements indicate that the complexes are four-coordinate square planar geometry while the FTIR confirmed that the dithiocarbamates act as bidentate chelating ligands. The compounds were used as single source precursors and thermolysed at 220°C to prepare HDA-capped NiS nanocrystals which were characterized by absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra measurements, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning

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Liu, Yuanbing, Hao Liu, Yi Zhang, et al. "A simple way to investigate the temperature of film growth surface during sputtering process." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 29 (2019): 1950359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919503597.

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During the sputtering-deposition process, the temperature of film growth surface is more important than that of the substrate, which could seriously influence the film growth behavior. While, it is difficult to measure the temperature of film growth surface, because of the low space resolution of traditional temperature measurement systems. In this paper, the temperature of TiO2 film growth surface and substrate were monitored by the home-made NiCr/NiSi film thermocouple and standard NiCr/NiSi K type wire thermocouple. With the same sputtering parameters, the temperature of TiO2 film growth su

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Chen, Y. Z., C. R. Wang, Hong Chuan Jiang, Wan Li Zhang, X. Z. Liu, and Yan Rong Li. "K-Type Thin Film Thermocouples Deposited on Ni-Based Superalloy Substrates." Materials Science Forum 687 (June 2011): 684–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.687.684.

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NiCr-NiSi K-type thin film thermocouples with multi-layer structure were fabricated on Ni-based superalloy substrates (95 mm×35 mm×2 mm). The multi-layer structure contains NiCrAlY buffer layer (2 μm)/ thermally grown Al2O3 bond coating (200 nm)/ Al2O3 insulating layer (8 μm)/ NiCr-NiSi thin film thermocouples (1 μm)/ Al2O3 protecting layer (500 nm). The samples were statically calibrated in a tube furnace in the temperature range from 170 °C to 610 °C. The results show that the resistance of Al2O3 insulating layer is about 14.6 kΩ at 800 °C and exceeds 100 MΩ at room temperature. The Seebeck

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Shihab, Ruba Nimer Abu, Fuad M. Kreishan, Mohammad Selim, Shatha Yousef Abdul Khaliq, and Abdulrahman Nimer Abu Shihab. "Evaluating Financial Performance in Jordan’s Insurance Sector: A CARMEL Model Analysis." Journal of Posthumanism 5, no. 5 (2025): 1427–35. https://doi.org/10.63332/joph.v5i5.1504.

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The main objective of the study is evaluation the financial performance of five selected operating Insurance Companies in Jordan(Jordan Insurance (JOIN), Middle East Insurance (MEIN), Al-Nisr Al-Arabi Insurance(AAIN), Gulf Insurance Group - Jordan(GIG), Solidarity First Insurance (FINS)) through the use of CARMEL model indicators by using the analytic descriptive method in collecting and analyzing data for the financial statements of the Jordan insurance sector During The period 2015– 2018. The study reveals strong capital adequacy across all firms, with ratios exceeding benchmarks, underscori

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Zheng, Xiao Feng, Qi Yong Zeng, Zhu Li, Li Zheng Jiang, and Feng Chen. "The Adhesion Testing and Analysis for NiCr/NiSi Thin-Film Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3748–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3748.

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By the method of orthogonal experiment, with different sputtering power, sputtering pressure, sputtering time and substrate bias, 9 NiCr-NiSi thin-film thermocouples with different properties were prepared on the rake face of different cutting tools. With WS-2005 coating adhesion automatic scratch tester, the adhesion between the thin-film and the cutting tools were tested, and the test results was analyzed by range analysis. Analysis results show that, among four sputtering factors, substrate bias is the most important factor which influenced the thin-film adhesion. In a certain range, increa

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Liu, Xiyao, and Kuihua Han. "Design of Temperature Monitoring and Fault Warning System for Lithium Ternary Battery Case." Micromachines 16, no. 3 (2025): 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16030345.

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To enhance the safety of lithium ternary battery cases in new energy vehicles, this study designed a temperature monitoring and fault warning system based on NiCr/NiSi thin-film thermocouples. The system integrates six modules—sensor, amplifier, data acquisition, microprocessor (using the KPCA nonlinear dimensionality reduction algorithm), communication and monitoring, and alarm control—to monitor temperature, voltage, and humidity changes in real time. Multi-level warning thresholds are established (e.g., Level 1: initial temperature 35–55 °C rising to 42–65 °C after 10 min; initial voltage 4

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Fan, Shuang, Zhuopin Xu, Weimin Cheng, et al. "Establishment of Non-Destructive Methods for the Detection of Amylose and Fat Content in Single Rice Kernels Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy." Agriculture 12, no. 8 (2022): 1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081258.

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For the efficient selection of high-quality rice varieties, the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique has been widely applied to detect constituents in single rice kernels. Compared with other constituents, amylose content (AC) and fat content (FC) are the key parameters that can affect the quality of rice. Based on two modified AC and FC trace detection methods, two NIRS methods to detect AC and FC in single rice kernels were developed. Using the proposed methods, the AC and FC in two groups of rice kernel datasets were measured. The datasets were collected on two spectrometers with dif

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