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AlRahabi, Mothanna K., and Hani M. Ghabbani. "Removal of a separated endodontic instrument by using the modified hollow tube–based extractor system: A case report." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 8 (January 2020): 2050313X2090782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x20907822.
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The frequency of separation of NiTi rotary instruments has increased with the increasing use of these instruments, and this error may result from inadequate experience of using these instruments. This iatrogenic error can complicate root canal treatment, and special experience is required to manage this problem. This case report describes the management of the separation of an F3 instrument from a ProTaper NiTi rotary system. A 30-year-old man was referred to the College of Dentistry, Taibah University (Saudi Arabia) with an intracanal separated NiTi rotary instrument (F3 of the ProTaper system; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) in the canal of the maxillary right canine. The separated instrument was removed by using the modified hollow tube–based extractor system. The present case revealed that sometimes a simple method can be an effective alternative of a professional method; using NiTi rotary instruments with strict adherence is important for the prevention of instrument separation.
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Dhingra, Anil, and Surbhi Kakar. "Shaping Potential of Manual NiTi K-File and Rotary ProTaper and Analyzing the Final Outcome of Shaped Canals using CT." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 3 (2013): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1343.
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ABSTRACT Aim To assess and compare the shaping potential of manual NiTi K-files and Rotary ProTaper instruments in narrow canals using CT. Objective To assess the shaping potential of manual NiTi K-files and Rotary ProTaper and analyzing the final outcome of shaped canals using CT and determining different variables, like • Working time • Change in volume • Change in cross-sectional area. Materials and methods From a pool of fifty freshly extracted permanent maxillary molars (1st and 2nd), 30 were selected with curvatures (20 to 40°) (Schneider 1971). Tissue fragments and calcified debries were removed from the teeth by scaling. The teeth were then stored in normal saline until used. All the mesiobuccal canals were scanned by CT to obtain preinstrumented images. Teeth were scaled and stored in normal saline. This study was divided in two groups with 15 samples each. Group I (ProTaper Rotary) Canals were instrumented with Protaper Rotary instruments using crown down technique according to manufacturer's instructions. Group II (NiTi K-file) Were instrumented by NiTi K-files using step back technique with a quarter turn/pull motion. Evaluations of working time Comparative evaluations of working time was done for both the experimental groups. CT analysis and measurements The samples were analyzed and evaluated for: • Postinstrumentation change in volume. • Postinstrumentation change in cross-sections area. Result From the observations and statistical analysis carried out in this study, it was found that: There was a statistically significant difference between all the parameters judged for the present study that is: 1. Instrumentation with ProTaper Rotary system took significantly less time than instrumentation with manual NiTi K-file. 2. Change in the canal volume following instrumentation with ProTaper Rotary was significantly greater than that produced by manual NITi K-file. 3. a. Change in cross-section area at 2 and 3 mm from the apex was significantly greater with manual NiTi K-file as compared to ProTaper Rotary. b. Change in cross sections at 4.5, 6 and 7.5 mm from the apex with ProTaper Rotary was significantly greater than that produced by manual NITi K-file. Conclusion This clearly establishes that there is a drastic difference in the shaping ability of manual and Rotary NiTi instruments used with step back and crown down technique respectively with the rotary instrumentation being faster and producing greater changes in the canal anatomy. How to cite this article Kakar S, Dhingra A, Sharma H. Shaping Potential of Manual NiTi K-File and Rotary ProTaper and Analyzing the Final Outcome of Shaped Canals using CT. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(3):451-455.
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Shenoy, Vanitha U., Ritesh B. Pawar, Sumanthini MV, and Saimanaaz AH Shaikh. "Comparison of the Effects of Three Different Nickel–titanium Rotary Instruments on the Fracture Resistance of Obturated Roots: An in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 7, no. 2 (2017): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1191.
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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the article is to compare the effects of three different nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments on the fracture resistance of obturated roots. Materials and methods A total of 100 permanent mandibular premolars were randomly divided into four groups of 25 teeth each and biomechanical preparation was done: group I: stainless steel K-hand files (HFs), group II: ProTaper NiTi instruments (PT), group III: HyFlex CM NiTi instruments (HCM), and group IV: K3XF NiTi instruments. Following root canal preparation, the canals were obturated using lateral condensation. A light body silicone impression material was used to simulate the periodontal ligament (PDL). Fracture resistance was tested in an Instron testing machine. Statistical analysis Data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis test. Results There was no difference in significance (p < 0.05) among the different groups tested with respect to their fracture resistances. Conclusion The present study concluded that rotary instrumentation could result in an increased chance for dentinal defects as compared with hand instrumentation. Greater taper rotary NiTi instruments do not increase the fracture susceptibility of roots, which in turn depends on various factors other than instrumentation alone. Clinical significance Greater taper achieved by rotary NiTi files during canal preparation facilitates efficient irrigation and complete debridement. Root fracture might occur as a result of microcracks or craze lines that propagate with repeated stress application by occlusal forces and also during canal preparation. Based on the results obtained, it can be decided whether the use of the newer rotary NiTi system contributes to endodontic success and long-term survival of endodontically treated teeth. How to cite this article Shaikh SAH, Shenoy VU, Sumanthini MV, Pawar RB. Comparison of the Effects of Three Different Nickel–titanium Rotary Instruments on the Fracture Resistance of Obturated Roots: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):86-90.
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Pitchiah, Pragadeesh A., and Prathima G. Shivashankarappa. "Rotary Files in Pediatric Dentistry: From Then Till Now." Journal of Scientific Dentistry 10, no. 2 (2020): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10083-0926.
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ABSTRACT The introduction of adult NiTi rotary file system for children was a revolution in the field of pediatric endodontics. With the use of these files, cost-effective, consistent obturations were made possible in shorter instrumentation time. The various restraints of adult rotary files such as file length and taper created the need for newer rotary file system. These voids were fulfilled with the advent of exclusive pediatric rotary file—Kedo-S file system. In this article, we have discussed how the innovative pediatric rotary files have made its mark overpowering the limitations of the existing adult rotary file system in children. How to cite this article: Pitchiah PA, Shivashankarappa PG. Rotary Files in Pediatric Dentistry: From Then Till Now. J Sci Dent 2020;10(2):55–57.
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Zarei, Mina, Maryam Javidi, Mahdi Erfanian, Mahdi Lomee, and Farzaneh Afkhami. "Comparison of Air-driven vs Electric Torque Control Motors on Canal Centering Ability by ProTaper NiTi Rotary Instruments." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 1 (2013): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1273.
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ABSTRACT Aim Cleaning and shaping is one of the most important phases in root canal therapy. Various rotary NiTi systems minimize accidents and facilitate the shaping process. Todays NiTi files are used with air-driven and electric handpieces. This study compared the canal centering after instrumentation using the ProTaper system using Endo IT, electric torque-control motor, and NSK air-driven handpiece. Materials and methods This ex vivo randomized controlled trial study involved 26 mesial mandibular root canals with 10 to 35° curvature. The roots were randomly divided into 2 groups of 13 canals each. The roots were mounted in an endodontic cube with acrylic resin, sectioned horizontally at 2, 6 and 10 mm from the apex and then reassembled. The canals were instrumented according to the manufacturer's instructions using ProTaper rotary files and electric torque-control motors (group 1) or air-driven handpieces (group 2). Photographs of the cross-sections included shots before and after instrumentation, and image analysis was performed using Photoshop software. The centering ability and canal transportation was also evaluated. Repeated measurement and independent t-test provided statistical analysis of canal transportation. Results The comparison of the rate of transportation toward internal or external walls between the two groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.62). Comparison of the rate of transportation of sections within one group was not significant (p = 0.28). Conclusion Use of rotary NiTi file with either electric torquecontrol motor or air-driven handpiece had no effect on canal centering. Clinical significance NiTi rotary instruments can be used with air-driven motors without any considerable changes in root canal anatomy, however it needs the clinician to be expert. How to cite this article Zarei M, Javidi M, Erfanian M, Lomee M, Afkhami F. Comparison of Air-driven vs Electric Torque Control Motors on Canal Centering Ability by ProTaper NiTi Rotary Instruments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):71-75.
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Kuga, Milton Carlos, Mário Tanomaru-Filho, Gisele Faria, Marcus Vinicius Reis Só, Tiago Galletti, and José Roberto Sampaio Bavello. "Calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing removal with different rotary instruments and irrigating solutions: a scanning electron microscopy study." Brazilian Dental Journal 21, no. 4 (2010): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402010000400004.
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This study evaluated the efficacy of 2 types of rotary instruments employed in association with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or EDTA in removing calcium hydroxide (CH) residues from root canals dentin walls. Forty-two mandibular human incisors were instrumented with the ProTaper System up to F2 instrument, irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA and filled with a CH intracanal dressing. After 7 days, the CH dressing was removed using 4 techniques: NiTi rotary instrument size 25, 0.06 taper (K3 Endo) and irrigation with 17% EDTA (Group 1), NiTi rotary F1 instrument (ProTaper) and irrigation with 17% EDTA (Group 2), NiTi rotary instrument size 25, 0.06 taper and irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl (Group 3) and NiTi rotary F1 instrument and irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl (Group 4). Two roots without intracanal dressing were used as negative controls. Teeth were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, in the cervical and apical canal thirds. None of the techniques removed the CH dressing completely. In the apical and cervical thirds, F1 instrument was better than instrument size 25, 0.06 taper in removing CH residues (p<0.05), regardless of the final irrigating solution. No difference was found between the irrigating solutions in the groups of F1 instrument and of instrument size 25, 0.06 taper (p>0.05). The negative controls had no CH residues on the dentin walls. In conclusion, the ProTaper F1 instrument was better than K3 Endo instrument size 25, 0.06 taper in the removal of CH intracanal medication, regardless of irrigating solution used.
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Zahid, N., S. A. Khan, A. Saqib, and A. Tariq. "Comparison of rotary NiTi reciprocating file systems using Cone Beam CT in root canal transportation." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 6 (2021): 1206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561206.
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Aim: T assess the root canal transportation caused by these rotary NiTi reciprocating file systems using 3D cone beam computed tomography Method: This experimental study was conducted on 60 samples of rotary NiTi reciprocating file systems using CBCT. The extent of canal transportation and the centering ratio was analyzed using independent sample t test. The significance level was set at 95%. Results: Mean apical canal transportation was lower in wave one Gold groups as compare to Reciproc (0.8724±0.04SD vs 0.9463±0.02SD, p=0.000). Mean apical canal transportation at 5 mm was lower in wave one gold group as compare to reciproc blue group (0.5610±0.02SD vs 0.7253±0.06SD, p=0.000). Mean apical canal transportation at 8mm was lower in wave one group as compare to reciproc blue (0.358±0.03SD vs 0.5766±0.10SD, p=0.000). Conclusion: Wave one Gold had high centering ability and lower canal transportation as compare to Reciproc Blue single file system. CBCT is an efficient method of understanding Canal transportation Keywords: CBCT, NiTi wire, Root canal transportation, Reciproc blue
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Fatima, Alvi, Hares Shabir, Arushi Goyal, Akshun S Gupta, Faiz Khan, and Akanksha Sood. "A literature review of single file NiTi rotary system in endodontics." IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics 6, no. 2 (2021): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijce.2021.019.
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The most important step in the success of the root canal treatment is the proper cleaning and shaping of the canal system. Cleaning and shaping means the removal of the entire pulpal tissue from the canal, so that there will be no residue left of any vital structure, that may cause any painful or infectious condition for the future. Some times there occurs difficulty in cleaning as well as shaping of the root canal in the posterior tooth or teeth, where the anatomy of the root is some what curved, and there occur difficulty in removing the vital tissue along with difficulty in achieving the accurate working length of the tooth. In this type of situation use of nickel titanium single file system is quite beneficial.
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Diana, Sherli, and Pribadi Santosa. "Perawatan Satu Kunjungan pada Premolar Pertama Atas Menggunakan Protaper Rotary dan Restorasi Resin Komposit." Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 20, no. 1 (2013): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.8385.
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Preparasi kemomekanik pada saluran akar meliputi instrumentasi mekanis dan irigasi antibakteri yang secara prinsip dapat langsung mengeliminasi mikroorganisme pada sistem saluran akar. sejak diperkenalkan pada tahun 1988, instrumen rotary nikel-titanium (niti) telah digunakan secara umum dalam perawatan endodontik karena kemampuannya membentuk saluran akar dengan prosedur komplikasi yang minimal. Tujuan dari laporan kasus ini adalah untuk memaparkan perawatan saluran akar satu kunjungan menggunakan protaper rotary dan restorasi resin komposit gigi premolar. Penderita pria 21 tahun datang ke RSGM Prof. Soedomo UGM Yogyakarta mengeluhkan gigi belakang atas kiri yang berlubang tapi tidak sakit dan pasien ingin dirawat.Gigi Premolar satu atas kiri terdapat kavitas disto oklusal dengan pulpa terbuka. Pemeriksan objektif pada gigi 24 sondasi, perkusi, palpasi, dan tes termal menunjukkan hasil negatif.Pemeriksaan radiografis tidak terdapat lesi, lamina dura tidak terputus dan saluran akar jelas dan lurus. Pada kasus ini dilakukan perawatan saluran akar dengan menggunakan ProTaper rotary ( X-Smart, Dentsply). Pasca perawatan saluran akar, gigi premolar satu atas kiri dilakukan tumpatan resin komposit kelas II.Hasil evaluasi klinik saat kontrol tidak ada keluhan rasa sakit, pemeriksaan objektif juga tidak ada rasa sakit, warna gigi serasi dengan warna gigi tetangga.prognosis pada kasus ini baik dan tidak ada keluhan. Kesimpulan paska perawatan saluran akar satu kunjungan dengan instrumenrotary, tidak terdapat keluhan.Penggunaan Instrumen rotary Nikel-Titanium (NiTi) sangat flexible dengan prosedur komplikasi yang minimal, dan hemat waktu.One Visit Treatment of Upper Premolar Tooth Using Rotary Protaper and Composite Resin Restoration. Chemomechanical preparation for root canal including mechanic instrumentation and anti-bacterial irrigation principally could eliminate microorganisms in root canal system. Many instruments and techniques have been described and developed for initial root canal treatment. Since first established in 1988, nikel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instrument has been used for endodontic treatment because of its capability in forming the root canal with minimal complication procedure. Clinically, safe use of NiTi instrument and understanding of the alloy basic metallurgy including fracture mechanism and its correlation with root canal anatomy in order to set the safe use of NiTi instrument are required. This research will explain about biological principal of root canal preparation with correct technique and instrumentation system using NiTi. A 21 year-old patient in RSGM Prof. Soedomo UGM Yogyakarta complained about his left side upper jaw, posterior teeth with cavity, painless and the patient wanted to treat the teeth. The left maxilla first premolar teeth has a distooclussal cavity, open pulp. Based on the radiograph test, there found no lession, lamina dura was fine, and root canal was clear and straight. In this case, the patient was treated with crown down rotary X-Smart (Dentsply) technique for root canal treatment. After the root canal treatment had been conducted, the teeth were restorated with class II composite resin. After the treatment, it is found that there is no pain in the teeth, the colour of teeth match with others, and the prognosis for this case is good.
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Torres, Carlos Rocha Gomes, Eduardo Galera da Silva, Ana Paula Martins Gomes, et al. "Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Analysis: Comparison of the Efficacy of Two Rotary Retreatment Systems for Removal of Filling Material from Primary Teeth Obturated with Contemporary Endodontic Sealers." World Journal of Dentistry 6, no. 3 (2015): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1328.
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ABSTRACT Introduction This study has used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the efficacy of two different nickel titanium (NiTi) rotary retreatment systems for removal of filling material from teeth obturated with contemporary endodontic sealers. The operative time required for removal of root filling materials was also evaluated. Methods Sixty root canals were randomly divided into three groups according to the sealer used for obturation: AH Plus Jet, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Fillapex, and RoekoSeal Automix (RSA) (all, n = 20). After obturation, each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to the NiTi retreatment rotary system: Mtwo retreatment (Mtwo-R) file subgroup and ProTaper-UR subgroup—both instrumented with Mtwo-R files. Teeth were scanned with a microcomputed tomography before and after obturation. Results Residual filling material was observed in 100% of the specimens after retreatment. No difference was found between Mtwo-R and ProTaper-UR systems (p > 0.05). The RSA was more effectively removed from dentin walls than AH Plus Jet (p < 0.05), with no difference to MTA Fillapex (p > 0.05). Thus, teeth obturated with RSA required less operative time to be retreated (both, p<0.05). Conclusion ProTaper-UR and Mtwo-R systems were effective in removing the filling materials after instrumentation, but they could not eliminate them completely. Moreover, teeth obturated with silicone-based sealer RSA showed less residual filling material in dentin walls compared to the epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus Jet), which exhibited no difference compared to the salicylate resin-based sealer (MTA Fillapex). Teeth obturated with silicon-based sealer also required less operative time to be retreated despite the NiTi rotary retreatment system tested. How to cite this article Moreira CS, Martinho FC, Coelho MPB, Júnior LRMC, da Silva EG, Torres CRG, Gomes APM. Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Analysis: Comparison of the Efficacy of Two Rotary Retreatment Systems for Removal of Filling Material from Primary Teeth Obturated with Contemporary Endodontic Sealers. World J Dent 2015;6(3):129-137.
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Samiei, Mohammad, Seyyed Mahdi Vahid Pakdel, Sahand Rikhtegaran, Sahar Shakoei, Delaram Ebrahimpour, and Pedram Taghavi. "Scanning Electron Microscopy Comparison of the Cleaning Efficacy of a Root Canal System by Nd:YAG Laser and Rotary Instruments." Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, no. 4 (2014): 1240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614000981.
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AbstractThis study evaluated the cleaning efficacy of a root canal system by Nd:YAG laser and rotary instruments. Sixty single-rooted human teeth were divided into four experimental groups (n=15). In the first group the teeth were prepared with a step-back technique using conventional K-files. In the second and third groups, tooth preparation was carried out using Nd:YAG laser and rotary NiTi instruments, respectively. Teeth in the fourth group were prepared by combined laser and rotary methods. The smear layer remaining on canal walls was then assessed by scanning electron microscopy in the coronal, middle, and apical portions. The comparison of smear layer removal efficacy between groups was carried out by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. The mean grades of smear layer removal in rotary-laser, rotary, laser and step-back techniques were 1.34±0.18, 2.2±0.28, 1.91±0.25, and 2.42 ±0.19, respectively. On the whole, differences between rotary-laser and rotary groups, step-back, and the three other techniques (rotary, laser, and rotary-laser) were significant at p=0.034. Based on the findings of this study, the cleaning efficacy of rotary, laser, and rotary-laser techniques were better than the step-back technique and the combined laser and rotary technique was the most efficient method.
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Debelian, Gilberto. "BioRaCe NiTi system: Biologically desirable apical sizes - safely and efficiently." Serbian Dental Journal 58, no. 1 (2011): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1101044d.
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The main goal of endodontic treatment is an effective cleaning and shaping of the root canal in order to eliminate bacteria from the canal system and prevent the occurrence of apical periodontitis. Adequate choice of instruments and preparation techniques significantly reduce the number of bacteria in the canal system prior to obturation. Studies have confirmed that canals instrumented to acceptable apical diameters provide significantly lower number of bacteria even without the use of irrigation. Application of rotary instruments, such as BioRaCe, provides biologi- cally appropriate diameter in the apical portion of the canal and thus a lower number of residual bacteria to ensure safe and effective obturation.
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Kaul, Shalan, Feby Kuriakose, Jittin James, Basil Joy, and Reema Malik. "Evaluation of Radicular Dentin Microcracks Formation after Instrumentation with NiTi Hand and Rotary File System: A Stereomicroscopic Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 21, no. 11 (2020): 1233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2955.
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ABSTRACT Aim and objective The present study aimed to assess the formation of microcracks in root dentin post-instrumentation with nickel–titanium (NiTi) hand and rotary file system. Materials and methods Totally, 80 freshly extracted mandibular premolar teeth with single roots were chosen for this study. Access opening was performed and #10 K-file was used to attain patency of canal. All specimens were divided into four groups (each group having 20 specimens), i.e., Group I: Unprepared, Group II: NiTi hand K-files, Group III: Self-adjusting file, and Group IV: XP-Shaper single file. Complete irrigation of all the canals was performed after instrumentation. All roots were cut horizontally at three levels [apical third (3 mm), middle third (6 mm), and cervical third (9 mm)] from the apex with diamond disc. A stereomicroscope was used to view the sections under 20× magnification. Results Self-adjusting file showed least number of defects with a percentage of 75% followed by XP-Shaper and NiTi hand K-files with a values of 65 and 60%, respectively. Use of hand K-files resulted in greater number of incomplete cracks (30%) and use of XP-Shaper demonstrated greater number of craze lines (15%). A statistically significant difference was found between the experimental groups in the formation of dentinal defects of root at apical third (3 mm) (p < 0.031) and middle third (6 mm) (p < 0.001), whereas the sections at cervical third (9 mm) did not show any statistically significant difference (p > 0.312). Conclusion The present study concluded that the self-adjusting file system gives promising better results in cleaning ability with minimal incidence of radicular dentin microcracks than XP-Shaper and NiTi hand K-files system. Clinical significance The root dentin may unavoidably get damaged during instrumentation resulting in the formation of dentinal cracks and tiny complicated fractures, thus leading to endodontic failures. Various factors cause dentinal cracks, but the flexibility of file due to heat treatment, kinematics of the file, and the basic architecture of the file are the most significant ones. Self-adjusting file system represented satisfactory results with minimal microcracks defects. How to cite this article Kumar A, Kaul S, Kuriakose F, et al. Evaluation of Radicular Dentin Microcracks Formation after Instrumentation with NiTi Hand and Rotary File System: A Stereomicroscopic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2020;21(11):1233–1237.
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Soni, Aditi, and Anjali Oak. "Comparison of Canal Transportation and Centric Ability of Two Nickel-Titanium Rotary Systems Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: An In Vitro Study." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 6, no. 02/03 (2018): 076–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1677627.
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Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to compare the canal transportation and canal centric ability of One Shape (Micro Mega, Besançon, France) and Mani Silk (Mani Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan) nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files in curved canals with the help of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods Total 40 mesiobuccal canals of maxillary molars with an angle of curvature ranging between 25 and 45 degrees were divided according to the instrument used in canal preparation into two groups 20 samples each: One Shape (group 1) and Mani Silk (group 2). Pre- and post-instrumentation scans were performed using CBCT (Carestream CS 9300 scanner) to evaluate the transportation and centric ability at apical, middle, and coronal levels using unpaired Student's t-test. Results Mani Silk file showed significantly less canal transportation and better canal centric ability compared to One Shape system. Conclusion Mani Silk file maintained original canal curvature better than One Shape NiTi rotary file.
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Akhtar, Mohd Salman, Ankit Agarwal, Mohammed Ayaz Malick, Sheeba Khan, Sachin Yadav, and Sajal Agarwal. "Evaluation of apical debris extrusion during root canal preparation using Hand K file, Revo S, Protaper Next and Wave One file system: An in vitro study." UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES 6, no. 2 (2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ujds.2020.6.2.22.
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Introduction: The key step during the root canal treatment is the biomechanical preparation of the infected root canals. This preparation may result in pushing the apical debris through the apical foramen into the periapical space leading to initiation of immunological response by the host leading to postoperative pain and discomfort. Therefore the aim of the study was to compare the apical debris extrusion during root canal preparation using Hand k file, Revo S, Protaper Next and Wave One file system. 
 Materials and Method: Sixty extracted human mandibular premolars with single canal were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 15) for instrumentation with four different files. Group 1: Hand k file, Group 2: Revo S file, Group 3: ProTaper Next, and Group 4: WaveOne single reciprocating file. Debris extruding during instrumentation were collected into pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. These tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days and were then weighed to obtain the final weight, with the extruded debris. Weight of extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the initial weight from the final weight. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s test.
 Result: For intergroup comparison, significant differences were found for the debris extruded. Instrumentation with hand K files resulted in significantly more debris extrusion apically as compared to other three NiTi groups. Maximum debris extrusion was seen by Hand K file, followed by group 2(Revo S), then group 4(Wave One) and least by group 3(Protaper Next). However, there was no significant difference in debris extrusion amongst groups prepared with either NiTi rotary or reciprocating file systems.
 Conclusion: The Pro Taper Next resulted in least debris extrusion when compared to Hand k file, reciprocating Wave One and rotary Revo S. However there was not a significant difference between all the NiTi rotary and reciprocating file system.
 Keywords: Apical extrusion debris; Hand k file, instrumentation; ProTaper Next, RevoS and WaveOne.
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Alencar, Ana Helena Gonçalves de, Paul M. H. Dummer, Henrique César Marçal Oliveira, Jesus Djalma Pécora, and Carlos Estrela. "Procedural errors during root canal preparation using rotary NiTi instruments detected by periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography." Brazilian Dental Journal 21, no. 6 (2010): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402010000600011.
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This study detected procedural errors created by rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments during root canal preparation by two imaging methods. Forty extracted human maxillary and mandibular molars were divided randomly into two groups and treated by two endodontists (n=10) and two undergraduate dental students (n=10). The ProTaper UniversalTM Rotary System was used to shape the canals and then they were filled using AH PlusTM sealer and gutta-percha. Periapical radiographs (PR) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained and two examiners, who evaluated them to verify the occurrence of procedural errors (fractured instruments, perforations, and canal transportation). The Chi-square test at 0.05 level of significance was used for statistical analyses. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between the imaging methods. In the analysis of procedural errors, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the groups of operators (endodontists vs. students) nor between tooth groups (maxillary molars vs. mandibular molars). In view of the low incidence of procedural errors during root canal preparation performed by students the introduction of rotary NiTi instruments has potential in undergraduate teaching. PR and CBCT permitted the detection of procedural errors, but the CBCT images offer more recourse for diagnosis.
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Kuzekanani, Maryam, Faranak Sadeghi, Nima Hatami, Maryam Rad, Mansoureh Darijani, and Laurence James Walsh. "Comparison of Canal Transportation, Separation Rate, and Preparation Time between One Shape and Neoniti (Neolix): An In Vitro CBCT Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (September 7, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6457071.
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Purpose. This in vitro study compared root canal preparation in curved mesiobuccal canals of molar teeth using either the One Shape™ or the Neoniti (Neolix) rotary NiTi single-file systems, assessing canal transportation, instrument separation and time required for preparation. Methods. Extracted maxillary and mandibular human molar teeth with mesiobuccal canals having apical angles of curvature between 25 and 35o were selected and embedded in acrylic resin blocks, and an initial CBCT was taken. The teeth were divided into two equal groups (n = 20), and the canals were cleaned and shaped using either Neoniti™ or One Shape™ engine-driven NiTi rotary files. Each individual instrument was used to prepare 5 canals. The time required for the preparation of each canal was recorded. Postpreparation CBCT scans were taken and used to determine the extent of canal transportation at levels of 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm from the apex. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for normality was applied, and then, datasets were compared using independent t-tests, with a threshold of P < 0.05 . Results. Neoniti rotary files caused significantly less canal transportation of the curved canals ( P = 0.0001 ). On the other hand, the time required for canal preparation was significantly shorter for One Shape ( P = 0.0001 ). No instrument separation was recorded in both groups. Conclusion. Based on these results, the Neoniti™ rotary file system is preferred because it maintains the original shape of curved root canals better than One Shape™; even though this benefit comes at the cost of an increase in preparation time in clinical practice, the better technical performance may be more important than a difference in procedural time.
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Bueno, Carlos Eduardo da Silveira, Maraisa Greggio Delboni, Roberta Aranha de Araújo, Hilton José Carrara, and Rodrigo Sanches Cunha. "Effectiveness of rotary and hand files in gutta-percha and sealer removal using chloroform or chlorhexidine gel." Brazilian Dental Journal 17, no. 2 (2006): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402006000200011.
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The purpose of this study was to assess in vitro the efficacy of nickel-titanium K³ rotary files and hand files for removal of gutta-percha and sealer from obturated root canals using either chloroform or chlorhexidine as solvents. Sixty extracted single-rooted bovine teeth with straight, large canals were prepared, obtured and randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=20). The teeth were stored at 37ºC for 1 month and then the gutta-percha and sealer were removed using different techniques, as follows. Group I: size 3 Gates-Glidden drills plus size 30 hand K-files and Hedström files and chloroform; Group II: K³ NiTi rotary files and chloroform; and Group III: K³ NiTi rotary files and 2% chlorhexidine gel. Radiographs were taken and scanned and the images were digitized. The total area of the canal and the area with remaining obturation material were measured in millimeters using a computed image analysis system (ImageLab). Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% significance level. The groups differed statistically (p<0.05) with respect to the average percentage of remaining gutta-percha and sealer, presenting the following sequence of effectiveness (from most to least effective): Group I (15.48%), Group II (28.42%) and Group III (35.96%). The findings of this study showed that, despite the technique used for removal of filling material, none of the retreated canals were completely free of gutta-percha and sealer remnants. The use of stainless steel hand files resulted in a lesser amount of filling debris than the use of nickel-titanium rotary instruments.
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Jindal, Varun, and Ajay Chhabra. "Effectiveness of Three Rotary Niti Instruments and Hand Instrumentation in Removing Gutta Percha from Root Canals: an in vitro Study." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 03, no. 03 (2015): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672031.
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Abstract Objectives: The study aimed to assess variation in the remaining filling material by radiographic analysis and the time taken for retreatment system, with H-files; the ProTaper Universal Retreatment System; Mtwo retreatment system and the SybronEndo K3. Methods: 120 human mandibular premolars with single straight root canals were prepared with rotary twisted files (up to size 40/0.04) using the crown down technique and filled by cold lateral condensation and the radiographs were taken. After one week, teeth were divided into four groups (n = 30). Gutta-percha was removed using H-files, the ProTaper Universal Retreatment System, Mtwo system and the K3 System. After retreatment radiographs were taken for each sample and the remaining material was calculated for each canal third. Results: Rotary NiTi instruments were significantly faster than the hand instrumentation technique in performing the retreatment. In radiographic analysis there was significant difference in between the groups for coronal third in ProTaper group and for apical third in H-file group. Conclusions: In the radiographic analysis the ProTaper Universal System left less filling material in the coronal third and the H-files left less filling material in apical third as compared to other groups. Rotary instruments worked faster than H files.
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Yalniz, Hatice, Mehrdad Koohnavard, Aysenur Oncu, Berkan Celikten, Ayse Isil Orhan, and Kaan Orhan. "Comparative evaluation of dentin volume removal and centralization of the root canal after shaping with the ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Gold, and One-Curve instruments using micro-CT." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 15, no. 1 (2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/joddd.2021.009.
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Background. The main goal of our study was to assess the volume of dentin removed and transportation in root canals using ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper Gold (PTG) and One-Curve (OC). Ni-Ti rotary instruments in extracted human teeth using by micro-CT. Methods: Thirty human upper 1st premolar teeth with two separate root canals and sturdy, mature root tips were used in the present study. Specimens were decoronated and root length was standardized for micro CT scanning before root canal preparation done. The teeth were randomly separated into three categories (n = 10) according to the rotary NiTi system used for canal instrumentation, i.e., PTU (Dentsply, Maillefer), PTG (Dentsply, Maillefer), and OC (Micro-Mega SA). After root canal preparation, samples were scanned again on micro-CT by the same scanning parameters. Surface area, canal volume, structure model index (SMI), percentage of uninstrumented area and transportation parameters were obtained for each sample before and after micro-CT analyse. Results: No significant differences between the PTG and PTU in terms of the total volume of removed dentin, surface area and percentage of uninstrumented areas were found. However, regarding to parameters above, OC showed a lower efficacy than PTG and PTU in coronal section. Regarding canal transportation, PTG and OC showed lower mean transportation values at all levels. Conclusion: This paper demonstrated the root canal shaping abilities of the PTU, PTG, and OC NiTi file systems. The PTG and OC systems were associated less canal transportation and a better ability to preserve dentinal walls than PTU. There was no significance different between all rotary file systems for SMI values however, PTU and PTG showed greater canal volume and surface area change than OC file systems in coronal section.
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Hartmann, Mateus Silveira Martins, Vânia Regina Camargo Fontanella, José Roberto Vanni, Volmir João Fornari, and Fernando Branco Barletta. "CT evaluation of apical canal transportation associated with stainless steel hand files, oscillatory technique and ProTaper rotary system." Brazilian Dental Journal 22, no. 4 (2011): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402011000400005.
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This study used computed tomography (CT) to compare apical canal transportation in mesiobuccal canals of maxillary molars prepared with different techniques. Sixty teeth were assigned to 3 groups (n=20), according to the technique used for root canal instrumentation: hand instrumentation with K-Flexofiles, K-Flexofiles activated by an oscillatory system and ProTaper NiTi rotary system. Pre and post-instrumentation CT images were obtained 3 mm short of the apical foramen and were superimposed to compare canal transportation. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test using the SPSS software (α=0.05). In the buccal direction, the manual technique produced significantly less canal transportation than the oscillatory technique (p<0.05) and both were similar to the rotary technique (p>0.05). In the distal and distopalatal directions, the oscillatory technique produced more canal transportation (p<0.05). In the mesiopalatal direction, the oscillatory technique produced more canal transportation than the manual technique (p<0.05), and both were similar to the rotary technique (p>0.05). In conclusion, all techniques produced canal transportation, and the oscillatory technique produced the greatest removal of root dentin toward the innerside of the root curvature.
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Ba-Hattab, Raidan A., and Dieter Pahncke. "Shaping Ability of Superelastic and Controlled Memory Nickel-Titanium File Systems: An In Vitro Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2018 (September 10, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6050234.
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Improvements in the thermomechanical processing procedures of NiTi wires have led to the development of new NiTi instruments that compose mainly of martensite crystals, making the wire stable at clinical condition. This study aimed at comparing the shaping ability of two rotary nickel-titanium systems manufactured from different NiTi wires. Twenty simulated root canals each with a curvature of 35° in resin blocks were divided into two groups of 10 canals each. Canals in the first group were prepared with superelastic F360 instruments (Gebr. Brasseler, Germany) while canals in the second group were prepared using controlled memory HyFlex®CM™ instruments (Coltène Whaledent, Switzerland). Images were taken before canal preparation and after the use of each instrument. The assessment of the canal shapes was accomplished with a computer image analysis program. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS program. Within the limitation of this in vitro study, HyFlex®CM™ instruments remained better centered in the apical third of the canals. In most canal segments, no significant differences were observed between either system in the amount of material removed. Both systems were comparable to each other in regards to their ability to enlarge root canal in the same way without procedural errors.
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De-Deus, Gustavo, and Paulo Garcia-Filho. "Influence of the NiTi rotary system on the debridement quality of the root canal space." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 108, no. 4 (2009): e71-e76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.05.012.
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Tomer, Dr Anil K., Dr Sushma Kumari, Dr Dhruv Rastogi, et al. "Evaluation of Gutta Percha removal from different niti rotary file system: An in vitro study." International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 7, no. 2 (2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/oral.2021.v7.i2a.1178.
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Gorbet, Robert B., and R. Andrew Russell. "A novel differential shape memory alloy actuator for position control." Robotica 13, no. 4 (1995): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700018853.
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SummaryThis paper discusses a novel design for a rotary differential NiTi shape memory alloy actuator, which incorporates a mobile heat sink. The new mechanism is described in detail, and its performance in a position control system is compared with that of the same actuator without heat sink. Experimental results are presented which show an improvement in actuator response time, as well as closed-loop bandwidth. The design of the mechanism gives enhanced performance, without the increased power consumption associated with fixed heat sinks.
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Alghamdi, Abdulwahed, Loai Alsofi, and Khaled Balto. "Effects of a Novel NiTi Thermomechanical Treatment on the Geometric Features of the Prepared Root Canal System." Materials 13, no. 23 (2020): 5546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235546.
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Objectives: This study aimed to compare the ex vivo performance of two rotary nickel–titanium (NiTi) systems with similar designs but manufactured from martensitic and austenitic alloys, the One Curve (OC) and One Shape (OS) rotary endodontic files, respectively. Methods: Forty separate mesial canals of 20 extracted mandibular molars were scanned using micro-computed tomography (CT), which were divided into 2 groups and instrumented with OC and OS, respectively. Post-instrumentation micro-CT scans were evaluated using validated computer algorithms to compare changes in canal thickness, surface area, structure model index (SMI) scores, volume of removed dentin, percentage of untreated canal surface, percentage of curvature straightening, and the amount of canal transportation. Results: Both files led to significant changes in the basic root canal geometry, with no preparation errors and no statistically significant differences. However, OC treatment resulted in significantly less curvature straightening (17.30%; 10.77%) (independent samples t test, p < 0.05) and less apical transportation (55.11 µm; 33.15 µm) (Mann–Whitney U, test p < 0.05) compared to OS treatment. Transportation values in the middle and coronal thirds were statistically similar (independent sample t-test, p > 0.05). OC treatment produced significantly less straightening and less apical transportation than OS.
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Helvacioglu-Yigit, Dilek. "Endodontic Management of C-shaped Root Canal System of Mandibular First Molar by using a modified Technique of Self-adjusting File System." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 16, no. 1 (2015): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1639.
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ABSTRACT Aim C-shaped canal system is a seldom-found root canal anatomy which displays a challenge in all stages of endodontic treatment. According to the literature, this type of canal morphology is not a common finding in the mandibular first molar teeth. Background This case report presents endodontic management of a mandibular first molar with a C-shaped canal system. Case report Root canal system was cleaned and shaped by nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments combined with selfadjusting file (SAF). Obturation was performed using warm, vertical condensation combined with the injection of warm gutta-percha. Follow-up examination 12 months later showed that the tooth was asymptomatic. The radiological findings presented no signs of periapical pathology. Clinical significance The clinician must be aware of the occurence and complexity of C-shaped canals in mandibular first molar teeth to perform a successful root canal treatment. The supplementary use of SAF after application of rotary instruments in C-shaped root canals might be a promising approach in endodontic treatment of this type of canal morphology. How to cite this article Helvacioglu-Yigit D. Endodontic Management of C-shaped Root Canal System of Mandibular First Molar by using a modified Technique of Self-adjusting File System. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(1):77-80.
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ADIGÜZEL, Özkan. "A Literature Review of Self Adjusting File." International Dental Research 1, no. 1 (2011): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2011.vol1.no1.4.
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A primary aim of root canal treatment is to completely clean and shape the root canal system. Various instruments are available for endodontic instrumentation. Although rotary systems do prepare many canals without major procedural errors, they do not address canal types with long-oval or flat cross sections. A newly developed self-adjusting file (SAF) was designed to address the shortcomings of traditional rotary files by adjusting itself to the canal cross section. This instrument consists of a compressible opened NiTi tube that, on placement into a root canal, will exert pressure against the canal Wall. The SAF is used in an in-and-out motion powered by a handpiece and under constant irrigation. The aim of this review was to describe instrument design, usage parameters and features of Self Adjusting File.
 How to cite this article: Adıgüzel Ö. A Literature Review of Self Adjusting File. Int Dent Res 2011;1:18-25.
 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
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Bastos, Mariana Mena Barreto, Aida Rene Assayag Hanan, Ana Mena Barreto Bastos, André Augusto Franco Marques, Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia, and Emílio Carlos Sponchiado Júnior. "Topographic and Chemical Analysis of Reciprocating and Rotary Instruments Surface after Continuous Use." Brazilian Dental Journal 28, no. 4 (2017): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201701528.
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Abstract This study aimed at evaluating the changes in surface characteristics and NiTi content of reciprocating and rotary instruments after continuous use. Thirty brand-new instruments were assigned to 3 groups (n=10): PNX1 Group - ProTaper Next system - instrument X1; PNX2 Group - ProTaper Next system - instrument X2 and WO Group - WaveOne system - Primary instrument 25.08. The instruments were used to prepare 60 simulated root canals. Analysis of surface characteristics by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical analysis of Ni and Ti content by energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were performed before and after the first and third use of the instruments. Only WO Group had significant increase in the quantity of defects and deformations after the third use (p<0.05). PNX1 Group had significant decrease in Ni content after the third use, in comparison with the unused instruments (p<0.05). PNX1 Group had no decrease in Ti content throughout the time of use (p>0.05), however, in PNX2 Group, there was significant decrease in the different time interval of analysis (p<0.05). Continuous use promoted increase in defects and deformations only for WaveOne instruments. Chemical composition presented significant changes according to the time of instruments use.
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De-Deus, Gustavo, Felipe Gonçalves Belladonna, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, et al. "Micro-CT Evaluation of Non-instrumented Canal Areas with Different Enlargements Performed by NiTi Systems." Brazilian Dental Journal 26, no. 6 (2015): 624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300116.
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The aim of this study was to compare the percentage of non-instrumented area of root canals prepared with different enlargements using single-file reciprocating systems (Reciproc and WaveOne) and a conventional multi-file rotary (BioRaCe) system by micro-computed tomographic analysis. Thirty mesial roots of mandibular molars with moderate curvature (10° to 20°) presenting a type II Vertucci canal configuration and similar internal volume were chosen and scanned at an isotropic resolution of 14.16 µm. The sample was assigned to 3 groups (n=10) according to the system used for root canal preparation: Reciproc, WaveOne, and BioRaCe groups. Second and third scans were taken after the canals were prepared with instruments sizes 25 and 40, respectively. The recorded images of the surface area voxels of the canals, before and after preparation were examined from the furcation level to the apex to quantify the non-instrumented surface. Statistical data were compared using GLM for repeated-measures with a significance level set at 5%. Instrumentation systems did not influence the percentage of untouched root canal surfaces (p=0.690) whilst a significant reduction in the percentage of static voxels was observed after the enlargement of the root canal (p=0.010) in all groups (p=0.507). None of the systems was able to prepare the entire surface area of the mesial root canal of mandibular molars. The increased final apical size resulted in a significant positive effect on the shaping ability of the tested systems.
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Elemam, Ranya F., JA Capelas, Mário AP Vaz, et al. "Evaluating Transportation by Comparing Several uses of Rotary Endodontic Files." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 16, no. 12 (2015): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1783.
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ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the frequent use of ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) systems on shaping ability of root canal utilizing Solidworks (2014, Dassault Systèmes) software. Materials and methods Thirty-six root canals in clear resin blocks (Dentsply-Maillefer) were allocated into six experimental groups (n = 36). Six new sets of PTN instruments (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were used six times to shape the resin blocks. A #15 K-file was inserted to the working length (WL), followed by ProGlider (PG) to create a glide path. Sequential use of PTN instrumentation in a crown-down technique was used to reach size (30/07) apically. Macroscopic photos of the blocks were taken before and after instrumentation, layered by Paint Shop Pro 9 from JascSoftware®, and then canal transportation was measured using Solidwork 2014. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Multivariate statistical analysis general linear model (GLM) was also applied. Bonferroni correction test was used in multiple comparisons and the statistical significance was set to 0.05. Results There was no difference in canal transportation resulted from utilizing PTN files after six multiple uses; in addition, the PTN files showed ability to maintain the original canal anatomy, especially in the apical level, where lowest total mean value of canal center displacement was seen (3 mm level) (0.019 ± 0.017). Conclusion ProTaper Next files can be used to prepare single and multiple canals in a single furcated tooth. Clinical significance ProTaper Next nickel-titanium (NiTi) file system is a safe instrument that respects the canal shape, allows practitioners to treat difficult cases with good results, and low risk of separation. How to cite this article Elemam RF, Capelas JA, Vaz MAP, Viriato N, Pereira ML, Azevedo A, West J. Evaluating Transportation by Comparing Several uses of Rotary Endodontic Files. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(12):927-932.
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Dadresanfar, Bahareh, Zohreh Khalilak, Mahshid Shiekholeslami, and Samira Afshar. "Comparative study of the sealing ability of the lateral condensation technique and the BeeFill system after canal preparation by the Mtwo NiTi rotary system." Journal of Oral Science 52, no. 2 (2010): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.52.281.
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Sasaki, Edi Wagner, Marcos Aurélio Versiani, Danyel Elias da Cruz Perez, Manoel D. Sousa-Neto, Yara T. Silva-Sousa, and Ricardo Gariba Silva. "Ex vivo analysis of the debris remaining in flattened root canals of vital and nonvital teeth after biomechanical preparation with Ni-Ti rotary instruments." Brazilian Dental Journal 17, no. 3 (2006): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402006000300011.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of apical debris remaining in the apical third of flattened root canals of vital and nonvital teeth after biomechanical preparation with Ni-Ti rotary instruments. Fresh-extracted human mandibular incisors were used in this study. The teeth had clinical indication for extraction and were submitted to cold pulp vitality testing and radiographic examination. Eighteen teeth were selected and randomly assigned to two groups (n=9), according to the clinical diagnosis, i.e., pulp vitality or pulp necrosis. The canals were instrumented with the ProTaper NiTi rotary system in the following sequence: S1 - up to the middle third; SX - at the cervical third; S2- up to the apical third; and S1, F1, F2, F3 - at the working length. The canals were irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite, dried and were submitted to the histological processing. Sections from the apical third were analyzed by an optical microscope (X40) that was coupled to a computer where the images were captured and analyzed using specific softwares. A grid was placed over these images to assess the total canal area and the areas with debris. Mann-Whitney U-test showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the teeth with pulp vitality (6.49 ± 3.39) and those with pulp necrosis (5.95 ± 2.22). It may be concluded that the clinical condition of pulp tissue did not interfere with the amount of debris remaining in the apical third of flattened root canals prepared with Ni-Ti rotary instruments.
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Tanwar, Pratishtha, and Ekta Choudhary. "EVALUATION OF DENTINAL MICRO CRACK FORMATION BY NEW SELF ADJUSTING FILE SYSTEM VERSUS CONVENTIONAL NITI ROTARY INSTRUMENTS: AN IN VITRO STUDY." International Journal of Advanced Research 5, no. 4 (2017): 1995–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/4043.
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Koçak, M. Murat, and Sis Darendeliler Yaman. "Comparison of apical and coronal sealing in canals having tapered cones prepared with a rotary NiTi system and stainless steel instruments." Journal of Oral Science 51, no. 1 (2009): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.51.103.
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Pesic, Dragana, Irena Melih, Veljko Kolak, Ana Nikitovic, Marija Lalovic, and Ankica Jakovljevic. "Efficacy of several rotary systems in removal of two different obturation materials during endodontic retreatment." Vojnosanitetski pregled 76, no. 9 (2019): 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp170925183p.
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Background/Aim. In order to achieve good results in endodontic retreatment, satisfactory removal of filling material and adequate debridement of the root canal is necessary. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of three rotary systems in removing gutta-percha/AH Plus and RealSeal SE obturation materials during retreatment using scanning electron microscopy. Methods. A total of 72 freshly extracted mandibular first incisors were enlarged to a size #30 using iRaCe NiTi instruments. Teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups of 12 specimens each. 36 teeth (groups 1, 2 and 3) were filled with AH Plus?/gutta-percha and another 36 (groups 4, 5 and 6) with Resilon (RealSeal SE system), both using lateral condensation technique. In groups 1 and 4, the retreatment was performed using the ProFile System, in groups 2 and 5 using the ProTaper Universal Retreatment System and in groups 3 and 6 using the D-RaCe system. After retreatment the teeth were split vertically into halves and efficacy of retreatment techniques was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The assessment and comparisons of 3 parameters: smear layer, filling debris and surface profile irregularities were made using a predefined scale. These 3 parameters were evaluated in the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the root. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results. In the AH Plus/gutta-percha samples filling debris removal was significantly better when the D-RaCe and ProTaper System were used compared to the ProFile in the apical third. Less dentin irregularities were observed when the ProTaper was used compared to the ProFile system (p = 0.0139). In the RealSeal samples, no significant differences were found between the retreatment methods. Conclusion. None of the instrumentation technique completely removed filling material from the root canal, which implies the need for more research in this field. The apical third of the root canal was the most complicated area in terms of complete smear layer and filling debris removal and presence of surface profile irregularities regardless the filling materials.
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Duarte, Marco Antônio Hungaro, Marcus Vinícius Reis Só, Vanessa Buffon Cimadon, Cristiane Zucatto, Fabiana Vieira Vier-Pelisser, and Milton Carlos Kuga. "Effectiveness of rotary or manual techniques for removing a 6-year-old filling material." Brazilian Dental Journal 21, no. 2 (2010): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402010000200010.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of manual and rotary instrumentation techniques for removing root fillings after different storage times. Twenty-four canals from palatal roots of human maxillary molars were instrumented and filled with gutta-percha and zinc-oxide eugenol-based sealer (Endofill) , and were stored in saline for 6 years. Non-aged control specimens were treated in the same manner and stored for 1 week. All canals were retreated using hand files or ProTaper Universal NiTi rotary system. Radiographs were taken to determine the amount of remaining material in the canals. The roots were vertically split, the halves were examined with a clinical microscope and the obtained images were digitized. The images were evaluated with AutoCAD software and the percentage of residual material was calculated. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. There was no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between the manual and rotary techniques for filling material removal regardless the ageing effect on endodontic sealers. When only the age of the filling material was analyzed microscopically, non-aged fillings that remained on the middle third of the canals presented a higher percentage of material remaining (p<0.05) compared to the aged sealers and to the other thirds of the roots. The apical third showed a higher percentage of residual filling material in both radiographic and microscopic analysis when compared to the other root thirds. In conclusion, all canals presented residual filling material after endodontic retreatment procedures. Microscopic analysis was more effective than radiographs for detection of residual filling material.
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Aydemir, Seda, Hale Cimilli, Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç, and Nevin Kartal. "Evaluation of two different root-end cavity preparation techniques: A scanning electron microscope study." European Journal of Dentistry 07, no. 02 (2013): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.110168.
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ABSTRACT Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the dentinal walls of root-end cavities for the presence of cracks after cavity preparation using US retrotips and Er: YAG laser. Materials and Methods: Fifty single-rooted teeth were prepared by Protaper NiTi rotary system and obturated by lateral condensation. Three milimeters of root-end was resected. Twenty teeth were prepared with US retrotip (Group 1), 20 teeth with Er: YAG laser (Group 2), and 10 teeth without retropreparation (control group). The root-end surfaces were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Then the cracks of the resected root surfaces were evaluated on microphotographs. Results: No statistically significant difference was detected between US Group and Laser Group for complete, incomplete, intradentinal, and total number of cracks (P = 0.47, P = 0.80, P = 0.69, P = 0.869, respectively). Conclusion: Statistical analysis revealed no significant effect of retropreparation technique on the development of apical cracks (P > 0.05).
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Lee, Joo Yeong, Sang Won Kwak, Jung-Hong Ha, and Hyeon-Cheol Kim. "Ex-Vivo Comparison of Torsional Stress on Nickel–Titanium Instruments Activated by Continuous Rotation or Adaptive Motion." Materials 13, no. 8 (2020): 1900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081900.
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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adaptive motion applied to conventional nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments on torsional stress generation during shaping procedure. One hundred and twenty mesio-buccal canals of molars were randomly assigned to two groups according to the kinetics; adaptive motion (AD) and continuous rotation (CR). Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 15) according to the NiTi instrument systems: HyFlex EDM, One Curve, Twisted File Adaptive, and ProTaper Next. A glide path was established with PathFile #1, for each file group being used with either of the kinetic movements. During the instrumentation with the designated motion and file system, the generated torque was measured via the control unit and acquisition module. Based on the acquired data, the maximum and total torque were calculated. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests at a significance level of 95%. The maximum and total torque generated by all instruments were significantly reduced by the adaptive motion (p < 0.05). In the CR group, HyFlex EDM generated the highest maximum and total stress. In the AD group, HyFlex EDM showed the highest maximum torsional stress, and One Curve showed the highest total torsional stress (p < 0.05). The TF Adaptive instrument with adaptive movement produced the lowest maximum and total torsional stress (p < 0.05). Under the conditions of this study, the use of adaptive motion would be useful to reduce the torsional stress of instrument and root dentin. The reduction of torsional stress through adaptive motion may enhance the durability of instruments and reduce the potential risk of dentinal cracks.
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Ammar, Sherif, Nihal Sabet, and Hagar Bastawy. "Accuracy of CBCT, Digital and Conventional Radiography in Evaluating the Shaping Performance of a Novel NiTi Rotary System ( An in Vitro Study)." Egyptian Dental Journal 66, no. 4 (2020): 2751–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/edj.2020.38395.1201.
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Zubizarreta-Macho, Álvaro, Óscar Alonso-Ezpeleta, Alberto Albaladejo Martínez, et al. "Novel Electronic Device to Quantify the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Endodontic Reciprocating Files after Using and Sterilization." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (2020): 4962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144962.
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Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the time of use (TU) and sterilization cycles (SC) of endodontic reciprocating files on cyclic fatigue resistance. Methods: One-hundred-and-twenty (120) Procodile NiTi endodontic reciprocating instruments were selected at random and distributed into the following study groups: A: 0 sterilization cycles/0s time of use (n = 10); B: 0/60 (n = 10); C: 0/120 (n = 10); D: 1/0 (n = 10); E: 1/60 (n = 10); F: 1/120 (n = 10); G: 5/0 (n = 10); H: 5/60 (n = 10); I: 5/120 (n = 10); J: 10/0 (n = 10); K: 10/60 (n = 10); and L: 10/120 (n = 10). A dynamic cyclic fatigue device was designed using computer-aided design/computer-aided engineering (CAD/CAE) technology and created with a 3D printer to simulate the pecking motion performed by the clinician. Failure of the endodontic rotary instrument was detected by a light-emitting diode-light-dependent resistor (LED-LDR) system controlled by an Arduino driver complex and management software. The results were analyzed using the ANOVA test. Results: All pairwise comparisons presented statistically significant differences between the time to failure, number of cycles to failure and number of cycles of in-and-out movement for the time of use study groups (p < 0.001), but not in the number of sterilization cycles (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The time of use of NiTi endodontic reciprocating files negatively affects dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance. Dynamic cyclic resistance is not affected by the number of sterilization cycles.
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Opacic-Galic, Vanja, Djordje Veljovic, Jelena Neskovic, Vesna Milosevic, and Veljko Ilic. "Efficiency of calcium hydroxide removal techniques from simulated internal resorptions - in vitro study." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 149, no. 7-8 (2021): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh200714029o.
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Introduction/Objective. Calcium hydroxide (CH) is the medicament of choice in endodontic treatment of internal root resorptions. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of three different techniques for CH removal from simulated internal root resorptions. Methods. Twenty-nine extracted single-root teeth were prepared using NiTi rotary files of BioRaCe system (40/.04) following irrigation. A round diamond drill was used in the making of a symmetrical standardized internal resorptions 6 mm from the apex. Three techniques for CH removal from internal resorptions were tested: modified conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), XP-endo Finisher (XP). Resorptive cavities and apical thirds were observed under a stereomicroscope (?45) and scored (from 1 to 5), while representative samples were analysed by a scanning electron microscope. Obtained results were statistically processed by Kruskal?Wallis and Mann?Whitney U-test (p < 0.05). Results. The most efficient system was PUI, with 66.7% of samples rated 1 and 33.3% rated 2. The next one was XP, and the least efficient was CSI, with 33.3% of samples rated 1 (resorptive defect without medicament). There was a statistically significant difference between the PUI and CSI systems (p < 0.05), while there was no difference between the PUI and XP systems. Conclusion. No system completely removed the CH from the simulated internal root resorption cavities. PUI was the most effective system for removing CH. The combination of techniques provides better performance in removing CH paste residues from the canal walls
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Ahmetoglu, Fuat, Ali Keles, Muhammet Yalcin, and Neslihan Simsek. "Effectiveness of different irrigation systems on smear layer removal: A scanning electron microscopic study." European Journal of Dentistry 08, no. 01 (2014): 053–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.126241.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate effectiveness of the apical negative pressure irrigation (EndoVac), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and conventional needle irrigation (CI) systems on smear layer (SR) removal. Materials and Methods: Sixty single-rooted canines were prepared using NiTi rotary files and subjected to different irrigation regimens: EndoVac with NaOCl (Group 1) or NaOCl/EDTA (Group 2); PUI with NaOCl (Group 3) or NaOCl/EDTA (Group 4); CI with NaOCl (Group 5) or NaOCl/EDTA (Group 6). The roots were split longitudinally. SEM images were taken to evaluate the amount of residual SR. Results: In Groups 1, 3, and 5, there was no removal of SR (P > 0.05). The coronal thirds within Groups 2, 4, and 6 were cleaned completely, but the middle and the apical thirds was achieved partially or completely (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Regardless of which irrigation system was used, the use of NaOCl alone failed to remove the SR. In NaOCl/EDTA combination groups, the SR was removed partially or completely and no statistical significance. This study demonstrated that in order to remove the SR should be used EDTA solution for final irrigation in the root canal, regardless of the technique in each of the three.
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Costanza, Girolamo, and Maria Elisa Tata. "A novel methodology for solar sail opening employing shape memory alloy elements." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 9 (2018): 1793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x17754262.
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Solar sails exploit the radiation pressure as propulsion system. Sunlight is used to propel space vehicles by reflecting solar photons from a large and lightweight material, so that no propellant is required for primary propulsion. Kapton seems to be the most suitable material for the sail production and in the space missions till now activated booms as deployment systems have always been used. In this work, an innovative self-deploying system based on NiTi shape memory wires has been designed and manufactured in a small-scale prototype. As kapton has always been employed with a thin Al coating on the surface of the sail, commercial pure Al thin sheets with thin adhesive kapton have been used in order to simulate the sail. The attention has been focused, in the deployment experiments performed in the laboratory, on the effect of different heating methods and different pressure conditions on the activation times. The folded configuration chosen has been deployed in atmospheric condition and in low pressure condition (0.05 bar) inside a oven connected to a rotary pump. For what concerns the heating methods, the attention has been focused on low-pressure oven ISCO NSV 9035 (1.3 kW) and on halogen lamp (1 kW) in order to obtain the self-deployment of the sail. Some comparisons between the two configurations in the different environmental conditions have been performed. In all cases, the full self-activation of the sail has been achieved.
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Hellyer, Paul. "NiTi rotary systems compared." British Dental Journal 229, no. 7 (2020): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-2234-y.
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Mohamed Ali, Mohamed Elsaeed, A. Magdy, and W. Hussien. "Evaluation of Post-operative Pain after Irrigation Using End-vented NaviTip Tips versus Vibringe Sonic Irrigating System in Teeth with Acute Pulpitis with Apical Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, no. D (2020): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4353.
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AIM: This clinical study was conducted to evaluate and compare the post-operative pain after the using of two different irrigating techniques: Vibringe sonic irrigating system with end-vented NaviTip and conventional needle with end-vented NaviTip immediate postoperatively and 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h and 7 days utilizing a numerical rating scale (NRS).
 METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with acute pulpitis with apical periodontitis were involved in this study. Root canals were prepared using NiTi ProTaper Universal rotary system then randomized into two equal groups according to the technique used for irrigation Group A, Vibringe sonic irrigating system with end-vented NaviTip and Group B, conventional syringe with end-vented NaviTip® irrigating tip. The needles of irrigation were penetrated 2 mm shorter than the working length. The trial design of this study is a parallel randomized controlled trial.
 RESULTS: All demographic data, clinical and radiographic findings, and modified NRS scores obtained from patients were statistically analyzed. Results showed that there was no statistically difference between the two groups regarding the demographic data, prevalence of pre-operative pain, after 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h and 7 days, while in both groups, there was a statistically significant decrease in pain intensity preoperatively compared with all other time periods.
 CONCLUSION: There is no statistical significance difference between Vibringe sonic irrigating syringe with endvented needle and conventional syringe with end-vented NaviTip, while in both groups, there was a statistically significant decrease in pain intensity preoperatively compared with all other time periods.
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Ţuculină, Mihaela Jana, Lelia Gheorghiţă, Oana Andreea Diaconu, et al. "Comparative Study Regarding Two Obturation Methods with Thermoplasticized Gutta-Percha for the Root Canals." Key Engineering Materials 695 (May 2016): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.695.12.
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AIM: This study draws a comparison, through the transparentization method, focusing on the quality of the canal obturation made with thermoplasticized gutta-percha, between two different systems: GuttaMaster VDW (München, Germany), based on obturators made of a plastic core, covered in alpha gutta-percha, and a system of vertical warm condensation.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study focused on twenty teeth extracted for various reasons which underwent the endodontic treatment realized through a hybrid technique, using the rotary files system of NiTi MTWO (VDW, München, Germany), and the manual files k-file type (Kendo, VDW, München, Germany). The teeth were distributed into two groups of ten. The teeth in the first group underwent obturation using the CWC technique of vertical warm obturation, and the teeth in the second group underwent root obturation using the GuttaMaster system (VDW, München, Germany). The teeth were decalcified in nitric acid. Using the method of transparentization with methyl salicylate, there were emphasized aspects regarding the abilities of each method to seal three-dimensionally the endodontic space.RESULTS: The teeth which underwent vertical obturation presented many more holes in the obturation material, holes situated mainly in the medial and coronary third. However, these teeth presented the highest degree of insertion in the lateral canals, as compared to the other obturation technique employed. The homogeneity of the root obturation had not had any statistical significant differences between the two techniques. However, the technique of injecting thermoplasticized gutta-percha was superior to the other one regarding the tightness on the edge and the degree of penetration in the lateral canals.CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge of both the qualities and the limits of the obturation material chosen, as well as the correctness of performing the two techniques, determines a definite improvement of the quality of the canal treatment, which ends with a three-dimensional canal obturation.
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Soares, Lanuce Rosa, Marcos Arruda, Marcos Pôrto de Arruda, et al. "Diagnosis and root canal treatment in a mandibular premolar with three canals." Brazilian Dental Journal 20, no. 5 (2009): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402009000500012.
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This paper presents a case report of a left mandibular second premolar with three canals and three different apical foramina. A 39-year-old male patient presented to our clinic with pain in the mandibular left second premolar. Initially, pain was caused by cold stimulus and later was spontaneously. The intraoral clinical examination revealed a fractured amalgam restoration with occlusal caries. Percussion and cold (Endo-Frost) tests were positive. The radiographic examination showed the presence of two roots. The probable diagnosis was an acute pulpitis. After access cavity, it was observed remaining roof of the pulp chamber and mild bleeding in the tooth lingual area, indicating the possible presence of a third canal. The endodontic treatment was completed in a single session using Root ZX apex locator and K3 NiTi rotary system with surgical diameter corresponding to a .02/45 file in the three canals and irrigation with 1% sodium hypochlorite. The canals were obtured with gutta-percha cones and Sealer 26 using the lateral condensation technique. After 1 year of follow-up, the tooth was asymptomatic and periapical repair was observed radiographically. Internal alterations should be considered during the endodontic treatment of mandibular second premolars. The correct diagnosis of these alterations by the analysis of preoperative radiographs can help the location of two or more canals, thereby avoiding root therapy failure.
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Subbarao, C., P. Neelakantan, and CV Subbarao. "In vitro Biocompatibility Tests of Glass Ionomer Cements Impregnated with Collagen or Bioactive glass to Fibroblasts." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 36, no. 3 (2012): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.36.3.gk80547w04504144.
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Aim and Design: To evaluate the biocompatibility of glass ionomer cement (GIC) impregnated with collagen or bioactive glass to BHK-21 fibroblasts in vitro. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate was used as the standard for comparison. Human maxillary central incisors (n=70) were instrumented with a rotary NiTi system and filled. Following resection of the apical 3mm, root end cavities were prepared and restored with conventional GIC (group 1) or GIC with 0.01%, 0.1% or 1% collagen (groups 2, 3, 4 respectively) or, 10%, 30 % or 50% bioactive glass (groups 5,6,7 respectively), or Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (group 8). The root slices were incubated in tissue culture plates with BHK-21 fibroblast cell line. Phase contrast and scanning electron microscopes were used to score cell quantity, morphology and cell attachment. The data were statistically analyzed by one way ANOVA with Post Hoc Tukey HSD test (p = 0.05). Results and conclusions: Group 5 showed the highest scores which was significantly higher than all other groups (p&lt;0.05) except group 8, with which there was no significant difference (p&gt;0.05). Glass ionomer cement with 10% bioactive glass showed better adhesion and spreading of cells than glass ionomer cement with 0.01% collagen. The biocompatibility of collagen and bioactive glass was concentration dependent. The addition of bio active glass improved the biocompatibility of glass ionomer cement to fibroblasts better than addition of collagen.
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Kumar, Sita Rama, and Vandana Gade. "Single File Niti-Rotary Systems." International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences 4, no. 1 (2015): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.19056/ijmdsjssmes/2015/v4i1/79965.
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