Dissertations / Theses: 'Nitrate de calcium'

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Mammoliti, Laura. "Examination of the mechanism of corrosion inhibition by calcium nitrite and calcium nitrate-based admixtures in concrete." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65250.pdf.

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Hill, Russell L. (Russell Lee). "The Study of Hydration of Fly Ash in the Presence of Calcium Nitrate and Calcium Formate." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278140/.

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This research was designed to investigate the hydration reaction of fly ash when exposed to water. The effects that calcium nitrate and calcium formate have on the hydration reactions were also examined.

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Silveira, Raiza Felismino. "Energy partition and nitrogen utilization by growing goats fed encapsulated calcium nitrate /." Jaboticabal, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151442.

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Orientador: Kleber Tomás de Resende Coorientador: Marcia Helena Machado da Rocha Fernandes Banca: Rafael Canonenco de Araújo Banca: Carla Joice Härter Resumo: O nitrato de cálcio encapsulado (NCE) tem sido estudado nos últimos anos como uma fonte de nitrogênio não proteico (NNP) e representa uma alternativa ao uso do hidrogênio livre no ambiente ruminal, reduzindo assim a emissão de metano e possibilitando uma maior eficiência no uso da energia. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o uso do nitrato de cálcio encapsulado como substituto do farelo de soja na partição de energia, oxidação do substrato e síntese de N microbiano. Para isso, doze caprinos machos castrados em crescimento, com peso inicial de 21,95 kg ± 3,19 kg foram usados em um quadrado latino 3 x 3 quadruplicado com três períodos de 48 dias, agrupados pelo peso corporal e distribuídos aleatoriamente em um dos três tratamentos ECN0(SBM) - controle baseado em farelo de soja; ECN1.25 - 1,25% de NCE na matéria seca; ECN2.5 - 2,5% de NCE na matéria seca. Cada período consistia de 21 dias de adaptação, 5 dias de ensaio de metabolismo e 15 dias de mensuração de gases. Entre os períodos foi feito um washout de 7 dias onde todos os animais recebiam a dieta controle. Os dados foram analizados usando o procedimento MIXED do SAS (versão 9.4; SAS Inst., Cary, NC, USA). O modelo usado foi Yjkm: μ + LSi + Periodj + Ani(LS)ki + Treatm + єijkm. Quando significante, o efeito de níveis de NCE foi decomposto em dois contrastes polinomiais ortogonais (linear e quadrático). A significância declarada foi de P < 0,05. As variáveis de produção de calor (PC) e produção de calor em je... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) Abstract: Encapsulated calcium nitrate (ECN) has been studied in last years as a source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and represents an alternative to use of free hydrogen in the ruminal environment, thus reducing the emission of methane and a higher efficiency in use of energy. Thus the aim of this study was to assess the impact of the use of encapsulated calcium nitrate as a substitute for soybean meal in the energy partition, substrate oxidation, and microbial N synthesis. For this, twelve castrated male growing goats, with initial average weight of 21.95 kg ± 3.19 kg were used in a quadruplicated 3 x 3 Latin square design with three 48-d periods, grouped by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to three diets: ECN0(SBM) - control based on soybean meal; ECN1.25 - 1.25% of encapsulated calcium nitrate (ECN) on dry matter (DM) basis; ECN2.5 - 2.5% of ECN on DM basis. Each period comprised 21 days for adaptation, five days for metabolism trial (d22 to d26) and 15 days for gas measurements (d27 to d38). Between periods, a washout period was provided for 7 d during which the control diet was fed. The data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Inst., Cary, NC, USA). The model used for each treatment was the following: Yjkm: μ + LSi + Periodj + Ani(LS)ki + Treatm + єijkm. When significant, the effect of levels of ECN was decomposed into two orthogonal polynomial contrasts (linear and quadratic). Significance was declared at P < 0.05. The heat production (HP) and fas... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) Mestre

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Lehle, Fredric, W. C. Hofmann, and Bonnie Guhy. "Effect of Calcium Nitrate and Calcium Chloride on the Primary Root Growth of Cotton Seed Imbibed at Low Temperatures." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204457.

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The effect of various concentrations of calcium nitrate and calcium chloride on the primary root (radicle) growth of cotton seed at a suboptimal temperature was evaluated 14 days after imbibition onset under laboratory conditions. Both forms of calcium at concentrations up to 10 mM enhanced cotton seed radicle growth at 15 C.

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Bugatti, Ederson Pastor. "Recuperação do cálcio contido em resíduos de incubatório por meio de tratamentos ácidos." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/2951.

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Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2017-08-29T13:39:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Ederson_Bugatti2016.pdf: 1227431 bytes, checksum: ecc408ae972a5ec71f17bd55f9cbb474 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T13:39:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Ederson_Bugatti2016.pdf: 1227431 bytes, checksum: ecc408ae972a5ec71f17bd55f9cbb474 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-03 The generation of hatchery waste has been following the significant increase in poultry activity in Brazil. Due to this waste being aggressive to handle and of difficult recovery of nutrients, especially calcium, chemical treatments may be the solution. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of calcium recovery contained in hatchery waste through reaction with phosphoric and nitric acids in different concentrations. Besides the yield in calcium solubilization, pH and electric conductivity of the liquid fraction from the reaction were determined, as well as the yield of final product derived from lyophilization, probably dicalcium phosphate and calcium nitrate, both products of agronomic, nutritional, and commercial values. The most interesting results considering the yield of calcium solubilization were obtained using phosphoric acid in higher concentrations, i.e. 100 and 90%, namely 84.8 and 78.8%. For the nitric acid, the highest yields were obtained at concentrations of 100, 90, and 80%, with average scores of 72.2, 71.6, and 68.5% respectively. The yield of salt from the reaction with the acid was 2.5 and 2.4 tons of dicalcium phosphate per ton of waste hatchery (dry weight) and 2.0, 1.8 and 1.7 tons of calcium nitrate by tons of hatchery waste (dry mass). It was concluded that phosphoric acid at 100% was more efficient in the recovery of calcium contained in the hatchery waste, although nitric acid promotes further degradation of other components of hatchery waste, which generates a liquid fraction with higher electrical conductivity. A geração de resíduos de incubatório acompanha o expressivo aumento da atividade avícola do Brasil. Em função de ser um resíduo agressivo ao manejo e de difícil recuperação dos nutrientes nele contido, principalmente o cálcio, tratamentos químicos podem ser a solução. Objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade da recuperação do cálcio contido nos resíduos de incubatório por meio da reação com os ácidos fosfórico e nítrico em diferentes concentrações. Além do rendimento na solubilização do cálcio, determinou-se o pH e a condutividade elétrica da fração líquida provenientes das reações e o rendimento do produto final derivado da liofilização desta fração, provavelmente o fosfato bicálcico e o nitrato de cálcio, ambos produtos comerciais com valores agronômico e nutricional. Os resultados mais interessantes, considerando o rendimento da solubilização do cálcio, foram obtidos com o uso do ácido fosfórico nas maiores concentrações, ou seja, 100 e 90%, a saber, 84,8 e 78,8%. Para o ácido nítrico, os maiores rendimentos foram obtidos nas concentrações de 100, 90 e 80%, com resultados médios de 72,2, 71,6 e 68,5%, respectivamente. O rendimento do sal proveniente da reação com os ácidos foi de 2,5 e 2,4 toneladas de fosfato bicálcico por tonelada de resíduo de incubatório (massa seca) e 2,0, 1,8 e 1,7 toneladas de nitrato de cálcio por tonelada de resíduo de incubatório (massa seca). Concluiu-se que o ácido fosfórico na concentração de 100% foi mais eficiente na recuperação do cálcio contido nos resíduos de incubatório, embora o ácido nítrico promova uma maior degradação de outros componentes do resíduo de incubatório, o que gera uma fração líquida com maior condutividade elétrica.

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Milan, Vraneš. "Obrazovanje hloridnih i bromidnih kompleksa kobalta(II) u električki nesimetričnim vodenim rastopima soli." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2009. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=83678&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji proučavano je građenje kompleksa kobalta(II) sa hloridnim i  bromidnim jonima u vodenim rastopima tipa xCa(NO3)2·zH2O – (1-x)NH4NO3 pri različitom sastavu soli (x= 0,3 – 0,9), različitom sadržaju vode (z= 2,67 – 6,67) i na različitim temperaturama (45, 55 i 65oC).Istraživanja su imala za cilj proučavanje reakcije građenja kompleksa kobalta(II) sa hloridnim i bromidnim jonima u vodenim rastopima xCa(NO3)2·zH2O – (1–x)NH4NO3,  uticaja temperature, sastava elektrolita i sadržaja vode na proces kompleksiranja, kao i određivanje termodinamičkih parametara koji karakteri&scaron;u reakcije asocijacije u ovim sistemima. Ovakvi rastopi soli su posebno interesantni zbog svoje niske tačke topljenja i visoke latentne toplote topljenja pa se mogu koristiti kao fazno-promenljivi materijali za skladi&scaron;tenje toplotne energije. In this thesis absorption spectra of cobalt(II) chloride and bromide in calcium nitrate – ammonium nitrate – water system of the composition  xCa(NO3)2·zH2O – (1–x)NH4NO3 (x= 0.30 - 0.90 and z= 2.67 – 6.67) have been investigated in the wavelength range 400-800 nm at three different temperatures: 45, 55 and 65oC.Temparature, composition of the melt and water content influence on complex formation reactions between cobalt(II) and halide ions in aqueous xCa(NO3)2·zH2O –(1–x)NH4NO3 melts have been studied. Thermodynamic parameters for cobalt(II) – halide association process in different solvents also were determined.Investigated systems are interesting because of their high values of latent heat of fusion and low melting points. Due to these reasons, some melts are proposed for heat energy storage materials, usually known as phase change materials (PCM).

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Moss, James Russell. "Assessment of Vineyard Nitrogen Management upon Grape Chemistry." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78150.

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To combat excessive vine vigor, many vintners have employed intensive cover cropping techniques. While cover crops provide a multitude of benefits to the farming system, they can compete for nutrients and water. The seemingly ubiquitous adoption of cover crops in the Eastern United States has led to vines and grape musts which are deficient in nitrogen (N). A must that is deficient in yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) can lead to the production of off aromas and stuck or sluggish fermentations. It has also been suggested that musts with limited amino nitrogen sources can result in wines with less fruity aromas than those with a higher starting amino acid content. Varying rates of calcium nitrate were applied to the soil at bloom and foliar urea was sprayed at a Sauvignon blanc and Petit Manseng (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard. Perennial White and Crimson clover as well as foliar urea applications at vÃ©raison were utilized at a Vidal blanc (Vitis spp.) site. Foliar urea was effective at significantly increasing YANs in all experiments with some year to year variation in efficacy. Foliar urea applications slightly favored the production of ammonia over primary amino nitrogen. While most of the measured amino acids in fruit increased in concentration with the application of either soil or foliar N, foliar applications were more effective at increasing fruit amino acids. Of the amino acids measured, arginine and glutamine were the most increased by foliar urea applications, whereas proline was relatively unaffected. The use of clover as a perennial under-vine cover crop did not increase berry YAN. The application of foliar urea sprays may present an effective means by which vintners can easily increase must YANs and amino acid contents. Master of Science in Life Sciences

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Sane, Mukta. "Role of Large Conductance, Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels (BKCa) in Vasorelaxation of Nitrate Tolerant Mesenteric Arteries." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25665.

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Cassiano, Eduardo Cuelar Orlandi. "Nitrato de cálcio como mitigador da emissão de metano em bovinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-27022018-114715/.

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Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de nitrato de cálcio (NC) na alimentação de ruminantes com vistas à mitigação da emissão de metano. Foram utilizadas quatro fêmeas de cada subespécie, Bos taurus taurus (Holandês) e vBos taurus indicus (Nelore), com peso médio inicial de 909,0 kg ± 72,0 e 387,0 kg ± 25,5, respectivamente, alimentadas com diferentes níveis de nitrato de cálcio na dieta (0%, 1%, 2% e 3%), sendo utilizado delineamento quadrado latino 4X4 replicado. O experimento teve duração de 4 períodos de 28 dias cada. Foram avaliados, a ingestão, excreção e digestibilidade de nutrientes, por meio de marcador externo dióxido de titânio, o comportamento ingestivo, com monitoramento visual por 24 horas, parâmetros sanguíneos, dinâmica ruminal, com esvaziamento total do rumen, contagem de protozoários, fermentação ruminal, pela técnica ex-situ, parâmetros urinários e balanço de nitrogênio, com coleta manual de urina tipo spot, e a biodigestão dos dejetos, por biodigestores do tipo batelada. Os taurinos apresentaram valores superiores para CMS, ingestão e digestibilidade de nutrientes e excreção de MS, PB, FDN, FDA, N, MO e EB, e inferiores para CMS em relação ao PV e PM. Os zebuínos apresentaram maiores taxas de ingestão, ruminação e mastigação de MS e FDN em min/kg, tendo valores inferiores para as mesmas taxas em kg/min. A genética e a dose de nitrato influenciaram as variáveis séricas, porém sem valores fora da normalidade. Quanto à dinâmica ruminal, os taurinos apresentaram valores absolutos superiores, e valores em relação ao PV e PM inferiores. Os zebuínos apresentaram maiores pH médio e mínimo e menos tempo de pH abaixo de 6,2, e maior contagem de protozoários. As concentrações de N-NH3, volume e produção de CH4 foram maiores para os zebuínos. Os taurinos apresentaram valores mais elevados para N microbiano (g/dia) e balanço de N retido (g/kg N ingerido), e menores valores para balanço de N nas fezes (g/kgN ingerido) e N microbiano (mg/kgPM.d-1). O aumento no nível de NC na dieta aumentou a digestibilidade de EE e ENN, tempo médio ruminando e taxa de mastigação de MS e FDN (min/kg), e diminuiu o CMS em relação ao PV e PM e excreção de MS, EE, ENN, MO e EB. A taxa de ingestão de MS e FDN (kg/min), a concentração de creatinina na urina (mg/kgPV), o tempo total comendo e balanço de nitrogênio amoniacal o rúmen sofreram efeito quadrático com a adição de NC na dieta. A porcentagem de FDN, PB e EE nos afluentes dos bidigestores sofreram influência da dose de nitrato na alimentação das vacas. Os biodigestores contendo os dejetos de taurinos tiveram os afluentes com maiores valores de FDN e FDA e menor teor de sólidos totais (ST), com menor volume de biogás e CH4 e menor relação de CH4/quantidade de fezes. Os taurinos apresentaram melhor aproveitamento do alimento, produzindo menos CH4, com menor rendimento verdadeiro de produção de metano nos biodigestores. A adição de NC afetou o consumo, digestibilidade e utilização do nitrogênio porém, sem afetar a produção de CH4 nem a eficiencia dos biodigestores. The aim of the present study was evaluate the use of calcium nitrate in the feeding of ruminants to mitigate of methane. Four females cattle from each subspecies of cattle, Bos taurus taurus (Holstein) and Bos taurus indicus (Nellore), with initial average weight of 909,0 kg ± 72,0 e 387,0 kg ± 25,5, respectively, were used, and they were fed with distinct levels of calcium nitrate in the diet (0%, 1%, 2% e 3%) at four periods of 28 days each. Experimental design was composed by a replicated Latin square 4X4. Were avaluated: ingestion, excretion and digestibility of nutrients, by means of external marker titanium dioxide; the observation of behavior parameters during 24 hours; serum analysis; rumen content collection, aiming assessment of fermentation; protozoa count; ruminal fermentation by the ex-situ technique; manual urine collection for measurement of urinary compounds and nitrogen balance; and the anaerobic digestion of feces using batch digesters. Holsteins presented higher values for the DMI, ingestion and digestibility of the nutrients and excretion of DM, CP, NDF, ADF, N, OM e GE, and lower values for DMI at body weight (BW) and metabolic weight (MW) basis. Nellore cattle showed higher rates of ingestion, rumination and chewing of DM e NDF min/kg, having lower values for the same rates in kg/min. Serum variables were influenced by genetics and nitrate levels, but without values beyond normality. As rumen dynamics, Holsteins presented superior absolute values and inferior values when these parameters were calculated in BW and MW basis. The zebu cattle presented medium and minimum pH larger and less time pH below 6.2, having larger count for protozoa count. Nellore had higher concentrations for NH3, CH4 and production of CH4. Holstein presented higher values for microbial N (g/day) and N retained balance (g/kg N ingested) and lower values for N balance in feces (g/kgN ingested) and microbial N (mg/kgMW.d-1). The increase in the level of CN in the diet increased linearly the digestibility of EE and NNE, average time ruminating, chewing rate for DM and NDF (min/kg), and decreased the DMI in BW and MW basis and the excretion of DM, EE, NNE, OM and GE. The intake rate of DM and NDF kg/min, creatinine in urine (mg/kgBW), the total time eating and NH3 balance showed quadratic effect by increasing the addition of CN in the diet. The levels of nitrate on animal feed influenced the percentage of NDF, CP and EE in the batch digesters afluents. The biodigestors containing the taurine feces presented the highest values of NDF/ ADF affluent and lowest values for total solids (TS), lower volume of biogas and CH4 and lower ratio of CH4/amount of feces. Taurines presented better use of the feed, producing lesser CH4, and lower ultimate methane yield at batch digesters. The CN levels affected the intake, digestibility and nitrogen metabolism, however without affecting the production of CH4 or the batch digester efficiency.

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Kannan, Sarath. "Experimental Investigation of Lithium Nitrate Trihydrate and Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate as Salt Hydrate PCMs for Thermal Energy Storage." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1563273912013393.

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Tanamati, Fábio Yomei [UNESP]. "Nitrogênio e potássio em cobertura na nutrição e produtividade do alho vernalizado livre de vírus e qualidade do alho minimamente processado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/146744.

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Submitted by FÁBIO YOMEI TANAMATI null (fabioyomei@hotmail.com) on 2016-12-21T18:02:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese- Fábio Final.pdf: 1752648 bytes, checksum: f9b77e3ee591fdbadfb4e16551e1bfc3 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-22T13:34:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tanamati_fy_dr_bot.pdf: 1752648 bytes, checksum: f9b77e3ee591fdbadfb4e16551e1bfc3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T13:34:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tanamati_fy_dr_bot.pdf: 1752648 bytes, checksum: f9b77e3ee591fdbadfb4e16551e1bfc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-02 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O alho é uma hortaliça utilizada como condimento e como planta medicinal. O Brasil é um importante produtor/consumidor desta hortaliça, entretanto a produção nacional é insuficiente e portanto importa de quase 60% do alho consumido. Práticas precisas de manejo na produção e pós-colheita precisas podem resultar em economia na produção, aumento da produtividade e qualidade. Entre as práticas de manejo destaca-se a fertilização destaca-se pela influência direta na produção do alho e constituir um dos principais itens do custo de produção. Após a colheita a deterioração do alho minimamente processado (produto com maior valor agregado) pode ser diminuída através do armazenamento em temperatura controlada e atmosfera modificada. Com o objetivo de avaliar e documentar as melhores fontes e doses de nitrogênio e fontes potássio, bem como o melhor método para o armazenamento do alho minimamente processado foram conduzidos três ensaios que serão apresentados em três capítulos, sendo o primeiro intitulado “Fontes de nitrogênio e potássio sob a produtividade e nutrição mineral do alho”, o segundo capítulo intitulado “Produtividade e nutrição mineral do alho sob diferentes doses de nitrogênio e fontes de potássio”, e o terceiro capítulo intitulado “Efeito de diferentes temperaturas e atmosfera modificada sob as características qualitativas do alho minimamente processado”. Concluiu- se a) Diferentes fontes de N e K podem ser combinadas para a obtenção de máxima produção de alho comercial, b) o teor de nutrientes do alho não é influenciado pelas fontes de N e K ao ponto de constituir um fator crítico à produtividade do alho, c) Recomenda-se a dose 80 kg ha -1 de N como forma de obtenção de máxima eficiência do fertilizante e produtiva do alho vernalizado livre de vírus cv. Caçador, d) Não houve diferenças significativas na produção do alho acima da dose 80 kg ha -1 de N, a partir desta dose, o acúmulo de nutrientes no bulbo, de forma geral, foi inferior nos tratamentos K2SO4, e) baixa temperatura e atmosfera modificada contribuem significativamente para a manutenção da qualidade do alho minimamente processado, f) embalagem a vácuo mantém uma atmosfera consistentes em uma maior gama de temperaturas, g) as atmosferas modificadas com alto teor de CO2 podem influenciar a diminuição do valor de L* durante o armazenamento, h) a pungência do alho é mais bem conservada em embalagens a vácuo. Garlic is used as a spice and as a medicinal plant, Brazil is an important producer/ consumer of this herb, however small domestic production stimulates import of about 60% the garlic consumed in this country. Management practices in the production and accurate post-harvest can result in savings in production and increasing in yield and quality. Among the management practices, fertilization is distinguished by its direct influence on the production of garlic and constitute one of the main cost items of production and postharvest deterioration of minimally processed garlic (product with higher added value) can be reduced by storing in controlled and modified atmosphere temperature. In order to assess and document the best sources and doses of nitrogen and potassium sources, as well as the more suitable storage method for fresh-peeled garlic we carried out three tests that will be presented in three chapters, the first entitled "Yield and mineral nutrition of vernalized virus free garlic in response to nitrogen and potassium sources topdressing" the second chapter entitled "Yield and mineral nutrition of garlic in response to nitrogen doses and potassium sources topdressing”, "Quality changes in fresh-peeled garlic cloves in relation to storage temperatures and modified atmospheres". From these assays we concluded that a) Different sources of N and K may be combined to obtain maximum production of commercial garlic, b) the garlic mineral content is not influenced by the sources of N and K to be considered a critical factor to garlic productivity, c) 80 kg ha -1 of N is the best way to obtain both maximum fertilizer efficiency and productive of virus free vernalizated garlic cultivar Caçador, d) from the dose 80 kg ha -1 , the lowest accumulation of nutrients in the bulb in SKO treatments suggests that potassium sulfate, alleviates possible effects of toxicity caused by excess NH4 + and reduces minerals export for bulb and thereby the ground, e) both low temperature and modified atmosphere significantly contribute to the maintenance of the quality of fresh-peeled garlic, f) vacuum packaging maintains an atmosphere consistent across a wider range of temperatures, g) modified atmospheres with high CO2 content can influence the decrease in L* value during storage, h) garlic pungency is better preserved in vacuum packaging.

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Plusquellec, Gilles. "Analyse in situ de suspensions de silicate de calcium hydraté : application aux interactions ioniques à la surface des particules." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS046/document.

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Cette étude a pour objectif d’étudier expérimentalement les interactions entre différents anions (chlorure, bromure, nitrate et sulfate) et le silicate de calcium hydraté (C-S-H) afin de construire un modèle thermodynamique capable de prédire cette interaction. Des suspensions de C-S-H synthétisées ont été mises en contact avec différents types de sel (sel de calcium ou d’alcalins). L’influence de la température et de l’incorporation d’aluminium au sein de la structure du C-S-H ont également été prises en compte.L’utilisation d’une méthode d’analyse classique de ce type de système (c’est-à-dire séparation des phases liquide et solide puis analyse de la solution) a révélé ses limites avec, entre autres, une mauvaise reproductibilité des résultats. L’étape de séparation des phases s’est trouvée être à l’origine des difficultés rencontrées.Une seconde méthode d’analyse ne nécessitant pas de filtration des suspensions de C-S-H a été mise au point pour cette étude.Les résultats obtenus ont alors démontrés la non-adsorption des chlorures, nitrates ou bromures par les particules de C-S-H : ces anions n’ont qu’un rôle de compensation de charge au sein de la couche diffuse entourant les particules en suspensions.Les ions calcium (dans le cas d’ajout de sel de calcium) ne s’adsorbent que très faiblement à la surface du C-S-H. Ceci n’est pas influencé par la présence d’aluminium dans la structure. Une température plus faible (5°C) ou plus élevée (40°C) conduit à une adsorption plus faible, voire nulle.L’utilisation d’un modèle thermodynamique de simulation de C-S-H (développé dans une autre étude) a permis de reproduire les résultats expérimentaux obtenus, confirmant donc la validité de ces derniers mais également celle du modèle utilisé This project aims to study the interactions between calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and different anions (chlorides, bromides, nitrates and sulfates) in order to build a thermodynamic model and then be predictable. The simplified system CaO-SiO2-H2O is studied by synthesizing C-S-H suspensions and mixing them with different kind of salts (calcium salt or alkali salt). The influence of the temperature and the presence of aluminum in the structure of the C-S-H is also examined.A classical way to investigate this kind of system is to separate the liquid phase from the solid phase in order to analyze them separately. Nevertheless, this step has a large influence on the system, and the experimental results suffer from a really bad reproducibility.Another analysis method has then been developed in order to avoid the separation of the different phases. The results show that there is no adsorption of chlorides, bromides or nitrate on the surface of the C-S-H. They only have a role as a charge compensator in the diffuse layer around the particles in suspension.The calcium cation (in the case of calcium salt addition) can be adsorbed by C-S-H, but in a small quantity. The substitution of silicon by aluminum in C-S-H doesn’t have any influence on this phenomenon. A higher or lower temperature results in a weaker adsorption, even inexistent.Those experimental results have been reproduced by using a thermodynamic model developed in a previous study. Thus, the validity of the experimental part but also the one of the model are confirmed

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Camurlu, Hasan Erdem. "Carbothermic Production Of Hexagonal Boron Nitride." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607808/index.pdf.

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Formation of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by carbothermic reduction of B2O3 under nitrogen atmosphere at 1500oC was investigated. Reaction products were subjected to powder X-ray diffraction analysis, chemical analysis and were examined by SEM. B4C was found to exist in the reaction products of the experiments in which h-BN formation was not complete. One of the aims of this study was to investigate the role of B4C in the carbothermic production of h-BN. For this purpose, conversion reaction of B4C into h-BN was studied. B4C used in these experiments was produced in the same conditions that h-BN was formed, but under argon atmosphere. It was found that formation of h-BN from B4C&ndash B2O3 mixtures was slower than activated C&ndash B2O3 mixtures. It was concluded that B4C is not a necessary intermediate product in the carbothermic production of h-BN. Some additives are known to catalytically affect the h-BN formation. The second aim of this study was to examine the catalytic effect of some alkaline earth metal oxides and carbonates, some transition metal oxides and cupric nitrate. It was found that addition of 10wt% CaCO3 into the B2O3+C mixture was optimum for increasing the rate and yield of h-BN formation and decreasing the B4C amount in the products and that the reaction was complete in 2 hours. CaCO3 was observed to be effective in increasing the rate and grain size of the formed h-BN. Addition of cupric nitrate together with CaCO3 provided a further increase in the size of the h-BN grains.

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Meagher, Thomas F. "Effect of Dosage of Non-Chloride Accelerator versus Chloride Accelerator on the Cracking Potential of Concrete Repair Slabs." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5743.

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Due to strict placement time and strength constraints during the construction of concrete pavement repair slabs, accelerators must be incorporated into the mixture design. Since the most common accelerator, calcium chloride, promotes corrosion of concrete reinforcement, a calcium nitrate-based accelerator was studied as an alternative. To replicate mixtures used in the field, commercial accelerators commonly used in concrete pavement repair slabs were used in the current study. Crack risk of different mixtures was assessed using modeling and cracking frame testing. HIPERPAV modeling was conducted using several measured mixture properties; namely, concrete mechanical properties, strength-based and heat of hydration-based activation energies, hydration parameters using calorimetric studies, and adiabatic temperature rise profiles. Autogenous shrinkage was also measured to assess the effect of moisture consumption on concrete volume contraction. The findings of the current study indicate that the cracking risk associated with calcium nitrate-based accelerator matches the performance of a calcium-chloride based accelerator when placement is conducted during nighttime hours.

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Mudziwa, Nyengedzeni. "Yield and quality responses of Egyptian white garlic (Allium sativum L.) and wild garlic (Tulbaghia violacea Harv.) to nitrogen nutrition." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28945.

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Allium sativum and Tulbaghia violacea are some of the most important medicinal plants used by South African traditional healers for the treatment of flu, fever, cold, tuberculosis, asthma and many more diseases. However, growth, yield and quality are constrained by excessive and under fertilization. This study was carried out to determine, firstly, the effect of N source (ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate) on yield and quality of A. sativum and T. violacea plants. Secondly, to determine the best season for harvesting T. violacea and lastly, to determine the antifungal effects of A. sativum and T. violacea plant extracts against plant pathogens Altenaria solani and Sclerotium rolfsii. Both plants were treated with both N sources applied as topdressing treatments at a total of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1, divided into three applications at three week (A. sativum) and three month (T. violacea) intervals. A. sativum plants were sampled at 54, 82, 112, 140 and 175 days after planting (DAP) while, T. violacea plants were sampled monthly for ten months. Parameters recorded were growth analysis, yield and bioactivity for both plant species. Both nitrogen sources improved plant growth and yield of A. sativum and T. violacea plants. Calcium nitrate at 150 kg•ha-1 and ammonium sulphate at 200 kg•ha-1 produced the highest at 24 t•ha-1 and 27 t•ha-1, respectively. Ammonium sulphate improved bioactivity of leaves with the highest bioactivity recorded at 82 and 112 DAP. Yield obtained from the autumn harvest was not affected by N source. Ammonium sulphate and calcium nitrate at 200 kg•ha-1 produced the highest yields of 23.6 t•ha-1 and 23.5 t•ha-1, respectively. In contrast, yield obtained from the winter harvest was affected by N source at 200 kg•ha-1, with significantly better yield of 30.8 t•ha-1 with calcium nitrate compared to 27.4 t•ha-1 with ammonium sulphate. Crude extracts of T. violacea bulbs that were treated with ammonium sulphate significantly inhibited the growth of plant pathogenic fungi, whereas extracts from plants treated with calcium nitrate showed low bioactivity. Extracts from plants grown with ammonium sulphate at 100 kg•ha-1 were more effective in controlling growth of plant pathogens when compared to other N levels. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) effects of A. sativum against S. rolfsii and A. solani were at 0.01 mg•mL-1. The MIC of T. violacea extracts against A. solani was at 0.006 mg•mL-1. The MIC of T. violacea extracts were better than previously reported in literature. Therefore, A. sativum and T. violacea plant extracts can be used as fungicides against S. rolfsii and A. solani diseases for crops such as tomato and potato. Dissertation (MInstAgrar)--University of Pretoria, 2010. Plant Production and Soil Science unrestricted

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Yamada, Thaís Mariana. "Remediação de sedimentos eutróficos da Represa Ibirité (MG) pela adição de nitrato e Phoslock : experimentos em laboratório." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6206.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:34:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3929.pdf: 7149120 bytes, checksum: e2177db6aa73e14034501caea52c53c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-20 Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos Ibirité Reservoir (Ibirité/Sarzedo, MG) receives untreated effluents and raw sewage from the city of Ibirité and surroundings, which are the main cause of the eutrophication of this ecosystem. Past studies have shown that sediment is a significant internal source of nutrients (ammonium and orthophosphate ions) to the water column. Within this context, the main objective of this study was to perform laboratory experiments (microcosms) using calcium nitrate and Phoslock as sediment remediation technologies to immobilize orthophosphate ions. Total incubation time was 145 days for the experiments with nitrate and 41 days using Phoslock . The results of the experiments involving the addition of calcium nitrate showed a reduction in the concentration of orthophosphate in the water column (75%) and interstitial water (89%). After 145 days the sediment was significantly oxidized and there was almost complete abatement of acid volatile sulfide in the sediments, leading to a significant increase in sulfate concentrations. The system s nitrogen mass balance revealed the occurrence of an intense process of denitrification. The ecotoxicological assays initially showed that the high concentrations of nitrate (up to 2,300 mg L-1 and 270 mg L-1 in the sediment s interstitial waters, repectively) were responsible for the mortality of test organisms. However, at the end of the experiment, sediment toxicity disappeared completely and there was a significant reduction in the water s EC50 values at 48h. The results of the assays involving the addition of Phoslock showed an 82% reduction in the concentration of orthophosphate in the water column immediately after application of the product and a 64% reduction in interstitial water after 41 days of treatment. The application of the Phoslock suspension increased water column turbidity (150 NTU), which, however, declined by 75% just 6 hours later. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water column increased significantly 360 hours into the experiment. The application of Phoslock caused a significant increase in the concentration of dissolved lanthanum in the water column. At the time of application (t = 0), the concentration of La in the water column was 1.64 mg L-1; however, at the end of the assay, the concentration of this element had dropped to less than 0.05 mg L-1. The ecotoxicological tests showed that at t = 0 the application of Phoslock caused mortality of the test organisms in the water column samples, which may have been due to an increase in turbidity and La concentration during this period. Consequently, at the end of these assays, the toxicity was completely eliminated. Considering the general characteristics of the assays performed here, it is postulated that both the technologies studied showed good application potential, i.e., the results obtained indicated that both technologies were efficient in removing P from the water. However, the chances of success of these treatments in the long run will depend (among other factors) on the abatement of the external sources and on the long-term maintenance of such abatement. Since both the technologies investigated appeared to perform similarly in this respect, the use of Phoslock to remediate the eutrophic sediments of the Ibirité reservoir may be more favorable than that of nitrate, if one considers the cost estimates presented in this work from the standpoint of the approximations or forecasts employed here. A Represa Ibirité (Ibirité/Sarzedo, MG) recebe aportes de efluentes tratados e esgoto urbano não tratado da cidade de Ibirité e adjacências, o qual é a principal causa da eutrofização desse ecossistema. Além disso, estudos pretéritos indicaram que o fluxo interno de nutrientes (principalmente amônio e ortofosfato) dos sedimentos para a coluna de água também são significativos. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi a realização de experimentos em laboratório (microcosmos) utilizando nitrato de cálcio e Phoslock como tecnologias de remediação dos sedimentos, visando a imobilização dos íons ortofosfato. Os períodos totais de incubação foram de 145 dias para os experimentos com adição de nitrato e de 41 dias para os ensaios com Phoslock . Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios com aplicação de nitrato de cálcio mostraram que houve uma redução na concentração de ortofosfato na coluna de água (75%) e água intersticial (89%). Após 145 dias os sedimentos foram significativamente oxidados e houve abatimento quase total dos sulfetos presentes nos sedimentos, levando a um grande aumento nas concentrações de sulfato. O balanço de massas de nitrogênio no sistema evidenciou a ocorrência de um intenso processo de desnitrificação. Os ensaios ecotoxicológicos evidenciaram, inicialmente, que as altas concentrações de nitrato e nitrito (de até 2.300 mg L-1 e 270 mg L-1 nas águas intersticias dos sedimentos, respectivamente) foram responsáveis pela mortalidade dos organismos-teste, entretanto, ao final do experimento, a toxicidade dos sedimentos foi completamente abatida e houve uma redução significativa nos valores de CE50;48h nas águas. Os ensaios com aplicação de Phoslock mostraram que houve uma redução de 82% na concentração de ortofosfato na coluna de água imediatamente após a aplicação do produto e que, após 41 dias de tratamento, houve uma redução de 64% para a água intersticial. Devido à aplicação da suspensão de Phoslock houve um aumento nos valores de turbidez (150 NTU), mas apenas 6 horas após a adição esse valor foi reduzido em 75%. Após 360 horas de experimento, os valores de oxigênio dissolvido na coluna de água aumentaram significativamente. A aplicação de Phoslock causou um aumento na concentração de lantânio dissolvido na coluna de água. No momento da xii aplicação (t=0) a concentração de La na coluna de água foi de 1,64 mg L-1, no entanto, no final do experimento, a concentração deste analito foi inferior a 0,05 mg L-1. Os ensaios ecotoxicológicos evidenciaram que em t=0 a aplicação de Phoslock causou mortalidade dos organismos testados com amostras de coluna de água, fato que pode estar associado principalmente ao aumento da turbidez nesse período, mas também, devido à presença de lantânio nas águas. Ao final dos experimentos, a toxicidade foi completamente abatida. Considerando as características dos experimentos realizados neste trabalho, postula-se que ambas as tecnologias estudadas apresentaram bom potencial de aplicação, i.e., os resultados obtidos indicaram que ambas tais tecnologias foram eficazes na remoção e imobilização dos íons ortofosfato nas águas. No entanto, as chances de sucesso a longo prazo desses tratamentos dependem muito do abatimento das fontes externas e da manutenção deste abatimento. Como ambas as tecnologias estudadas parecem ter rendimento similar a este respeito, a aplicação de Phoslock para a remediação dos sedimentos da Represa Ibirité, pode ser favorecida em relação à adição de nitrato, se forem consideradas as estimativas de custos realizados neste trabalho, dentro das aproximações ou previsões aqui empregadas.

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Janke, Helena. "Avaliação ecotoxicológica da adição de nitrato em sedimentos eutrofizados da Represa Ibirité (Betim MG): experimentos em microcosmos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1953.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:31:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2493.pdf: 1820155 bytes, checksum: c4fbdc0a3fdb7a9316ba5c6c6a6905c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-15 Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos The objective of the present dissertation was to make a toxicity assessment of the application of calcium nitrate solution as a remediation procedure for sediments of a eutrophic aquatic ecosystem. The study was carried out using microcosms with superficial sediments and water from sediment-water interface of the Ibirité Reservoir located in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, SE Brazil). The experiment lasted 135 days and the following treatment or incubation periods were applied: t=0, t=5, t=10, t=25, t=50, t=85 and t=135 days. In each period, one controlmicrocosm and three treatment-microcosms were disassembled and, chemically and ecotoxicologically analyzed. The organisms Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Vibrio fischeri (Microtox® System) were used for the acute toxicity assessment of the water from sediment-water interface and the pore water of sediments, whereas the organism Chironomus xanthus was used for the toxicity assessment of bulk sediment. The toxicity tests were run in parallel with chemical analyzes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen species (nitrate, nitrate and ammonium), sulfate, and metals in the interface sediment-water and interstitial water samples. Acid volatile sulfide (AVS), simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) and potentially bioavailable metals were analyzed in bulk sediment. The overall results indicate that nitrate whose concentration reached 1,200 mg N-NO3 - L-1 in sediment pore water samples from treatment-microcosms is the most probable compound causing toxicity to the tests organisms. For Chironomus xanthus sediments were deleterious to the exposed organisms in all microcosm run, except in the period of t= 135 days. For the experimental conditions of this work, the application of calcium nitrate as a remediation procedure for sediments from Ibirité Reservoir indicated to be inadequate from the ecotoxicological pint of view. O presente trabalho visou à avaliação da toxicidade da aplicação de solução de nitrato de cálcio, como procedimento de intervenção para remediação de sedimentos de um ambiente aquático eutrofizado. O estudo foi realizado através de microcosmos com sedimento e água de interface sedimento-água da Represa Ibirité, situada na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais, Brasil). Os experimentos tiveram a duração total de 135 dias, divididos nos tempos de tratamento ou incubação de: t=0, t=5; t=10; t=25; t=50; t=85 e t=135 dias. Em cada tempo de tratamento foram analisados um microcosmo-controle e três microcosmostratamento. Os organismos Ceriodaphnia silvestrii e Vibrio fischeri (Sistema Microtox®) foram utilizados para avaliação da toxicidade aguda das águas de interface sedimento-água e intersticial dos sedimentos, enquanto o organismo Chironomus xanthus para avaliação do sedimento integral. Em paralelo aos testes de toxicidade foram realizadas análises químicas da série nitrogenada (nitrato, nitrito e amônia), sulfato, e metais nas amostras de água de interface sedimento-água e intersticial dos sedimentos, sulfetos volatilizáveis por acidificação (SVA), metais extraídos simultaneamente (MES) e metais potencialmente biodisponíveis nos sedimentos. Os resultados mostraram que o nitrato, chegando a concentração superior a 1.200 mg N-NO3 - L-1 nas amostras de água intersticial dos sedimentos dos microcosmos-tratamentos, foi considerado o causador mais provável da toxicidade das amostras dos microcosmos-tratamento para os organismos-teste empregados. Para o organismo Chironomus xanthus, os sedimentos em tratamento foram deletérios aos organismos expostos em todos os tempos de incubação, exceto no tempo t=135 dias. Estritamente do ponto de vista ecotoxicológico e para as condições experimentais deste trabalho, a aplicação do nitrato como forma de intervenção para remediação dos sedimentos da Represa Ibirité não se mostrou adequada.

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Le, Vu Briac. "La biocalcification dans l'océan actuel à travers l'organisme modèle Emiliania huxleyi : quand la mer devient blanche." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066523.

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Cheikh-Zouaoui, Mustapha. "Contribution à l’étude de la cinétique d’hydratation au jeune âge des bétons à hautes résistances." Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/08CERG0372.pdf.

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La prévision de la résistance à court terme du béton est essentielle dans le domaine du génie civil. En effet la confection d’un béton ayant la meilleure résistance mécanique possible au jeune âge est nécessaire pour répondre aux impératifs de construction actuels (décoffrage rapide, mise en précontrainte le plus tôt possible, bétonnage par temps froid,…. ). Le développement de tels bétons passe, en général par l’utilisation d’adjuvants associés à des additions minérales pouzzolaniques parmi lesquelles la fumée de silice. Or ce sous-produit de l’industrie du silicium et des alliages ferro-siliceux devient onéreux du fait de sa capacité limitée de production dans les pays industrialisés mais reste inexistant dans certains d’autres pays. Dans ce travail de recherche, nous proposons d’autres substituts à la fumée de silice associés à des techniques de substitution particulières. En parallèle, nous proposons l’introduction, d’une combinaison d’adjuvants accélérateurs de prise-accélérateurs de durcissement afin de répondre aux objectifs d’améliorer des temps de prise et de durcissement du béton ainsi que de sa résistance mécanique au jeune âge. Nos résultats montrent que l’utilisation d’alcanolamines combinées au nitrate de calcium dans des mélanges cimentaires comportant du sable siliceux broyé et homogénéisé avec le ciment conduit à une amélioration considérable des résistances mécaniques à toutes les échéances notamment aux très jeune âges (1 et 3 jours) et apporte une réduction importante des temps de prise. Nos résultats montrent que les performances obtenues dépendent également du type de ciment utilisé notamment de sa composition en ferro-aluminates Predicting the short-term strength of concrete is essential in the field of civil engineering. To meet some building requirements (quick formwork removal, earlier prestressing, concreting in cold weather …), it is necessary to make concrete that has the best possible mechanical strength at a young age. The development of this type of concrete requires generally the use of admixtures associated with pozzolanic mineral additions such as silica fume. However this by-product, from the silicon and silica-ferrites alloys industry, still has a high cost owing to its limited production in the industrialised countries and non-availability in the others countries. In this research work, we propose others substitutes to silica fume and the use of special substitution techniques. In addition, combinations of setting and hardening accelerators are considered so as to improve both setting and hardening concrete time as well as the mechanical strength at early age. The results obtained show that the use of alkanolamine combined with calcium nitrate in cement mixes containing siliceous sand grinded and homogenised with cement produced a significant improvement in the mechanical strength at all stages particularly in the early ages (1 and 3 days) and also provided an important reduction in the setting time. Our results indicate that these performances are also dependant on the type of cement used mainly its alumino-ferrites composition

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Rasul, Sumaira. "Characterization and role of nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis thaliana defense responses induced by oligogalacturonides." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866896.

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Nitric oxide (NO) regulates a wide range of plant processes from development toenvironmental adaptation. In this study, NO production and its effects were investigated in aplant-pathogen context. The production of NO following Arabidopsis treatment witholigogalacturonides (OGs), an endogenous elicitor of plant defense, was assessed using the NOsensitive probe 4, 5-diamino fluorescein diacetate. Pharmacological and genetic approaches wereused to analyze NO enzymatic sources and its role in the Arabidopsis thaliana /Botrytis cinereainteraction. We showed that NO production involves both a L-arginine- and a nitrate reductase(NR)-pathways. OGs-induced NO production was Ca2+-dependent and modulated RBOHDmediatedROS production. NO production was also regulated by CDPKs activities, but workedindependently of the MAPKs pathway. Using a transcriptomic approach, we further demonstratedthat NO participates to the regulation of genes induced by OGs such as genes encoding diseaserelatedproteins and transcription factors. The over-representation of certain regulatory elements(e.g. W-BOX) in promoter sequences of target genes also suggests the involvement of specifictranscription factors in the NO response. Mutant plants impaired in several selected NOresponsivegenes, as well as Col-0 plants treated with the NO scavenger cPTIO, were moresusceptible to B. cinerea. Taken together, our investigation deciphers part of the mechanismslinking NO production, NO-induced effects and basal resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Moregenerally, our data reinforce the concept that NO is a key mediator of plant defense responses

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Gamble, Joanne M. "Field evaluation of calcium nitrite and chloride in Ohio prestressed concrete box beam bridge girders." Ohio : Ohio University, 1996. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178652761.

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Moss, James Russell. "Evaluation of Nitrogen Management Schemes in Cover Cropped Vineyards." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80510.

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Vineyards in the Eastern United States are often prone to excessive vegetative growth. In order to suppress excessive vine vigor, many viticulturists have employed cover cropping strategies. Cover crops provide a myriad of agronomic benefits, however they are known to compete with the vine for water and nutrients. Due to the widespread use of cover crops in Eastern vineyards, many vineyards experience nitrogen (N) deficiencies in both the vegetative vine tissue and yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) in the juice. Soil applications of calcium nitrate and foliar applications of urea were assessed as a means of vineyard N amelioration at cover cropped sites comprised of Petit Manseng and Sauvignon blanc (Vitis vinifera L.). Perennial White and Crimson clover cover crops and foliar urea applications were also used in a Vidal blanc (Vitis spp.) vineyard. Treatments were imposed in the Sauvignon blanc vineyard for five years. The Petit Manseng and Vidal blanc vineyards were subjected to treatments for two years. Soil-applied N at bloom was most effective at increasing leaf petiole N at véraison, season-long chlorophyll content index (CCI), vine capacity and fruit yield. Fruit yield was increased due to more berries per cluster and greater berry weights. Increased rates of soil-applied N decreased the fruit weight:pruning weight ratio. Foliar-applied N after fruit set was most effective at increasing berry YAN. While most of the measured amino acids in fruit increased in concentration with the application of either soil or foliar N, foliar applications were more effective at increasing fruit amino acids. Clover cover crops offered little to no benefit as a N source in the two-year period of evaluation. None of the N management schemes negatively impacted canopy density, fruit zone light interception, or botrytis bunch rot incidence. The combination of both a soil-applied and foliar-applied N fertilizer may be the most effective means to increase both vine capacity and YAN in vineyards where vineyard floor cover crops are compromising vine N status. Master of Science

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Boucetta, Hassiba. "Mécanismes de cristallisation du dioxyde de ruthénium lors de la vitrification des déchets de haute activité." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20031.

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Le ruthénium, issu du retraitement des combustibles usés de type Uranium-Oxyde a une très faible solubilité dans les verres de conditionnement de déchets radioactifs. Il précipite dans ces verres à l'état liquide sous forme de particules de RuO2 polyédrique ou aciculaire. Parce que leurs morphologies et leurs dispersions peuvent influencer les propriétés physico-chimiques des verres, la connaissance et le contrôle de leur mécanisme de formation sont d'extrême importance. Tout l'enjeu de cette thèse est de déterminer les différents chemins réactionnels de transformation du ruthénium, présent au sein du déchet calciné, lors de l'élaboration des verres. Par une approche de simplification progressive nous étudions les interactions entre la fritte de verre et des composés simples (NaNO3-RuO2) et plus complexes (calcinat NaNO3-RuO2- Al2O3). Grâce à l'apport de la microscopie et du XANES in situ en température nous suivons l'évolution de la composition, la spéciation et la morphologie des phases intermédiaires contenant du ruthénium. Ces composés sont caractérisés à l'état solide par MEB, DRX, HRTEM et spectroscopie d'absorption X au seuil K du ruthénium. Cette approche combinée nous permet de montrer que la modification de la spéciation du ruthénium au cours de l'élaboration du verre est à l'origine du contrôle de la morphologie des particules de RuO2 dans le verre. En particulier, la formation d'un intermédiaire réactionnel (Na3RuO4) est une des étapes fondamentales à l'origine de la précipitation de RuO2 de morphologie aciculaire. La formation de polyèdres dans le verre résulte au contraire de l'interaction directe de particules de RuO2 avec le verre à l'état liquide Ruthenium, arising from the reprocessing of spent uranium oxide fuel, has a low solubility in glass melt. It crystallizes in the form of particles of RuO2 of acicular or polyhedral morphology dispersed in fission product and actinides waste containment glass. Since the morphology of these particles strongly influences the physico-chemical properties, the knowledge and the control of their mechanism of formation are of major importance. The goal of this work is to determine the chemical reactions responsible for the formation of RuO2 particles of acicular or polyhedral shape during glass synthesis. Using a simplification approach, the reactions between RuO2-NaNO3, and more complex calcine RuO2-Al2O3-Na2O and a sodium borosilicate glass are studied. In situ scanning electron microscopy and XANES at increasing temperatures are used to follow changes in composition, speciation and morphology of the ruthenium intermediate species. Those compounds are thoroughly characterised by SEM, XRD, HRTEM, and ruthenium K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. This combined approach allows us to show that the ruthenium speciation modification during vitrification is the key of control of the morphology of RuO2 particles in the glass. In particular, the formation of a specific intermediate compound (Na3RuO4) is one of the main steps that lead to the precipitation of needle-shaped RuO2 particles in the melt. The formation of polyhedral particles, on the contrary, results from the direct incorporation of RuO2 crystals in the melt followed by an Ostwald ripening mechanism

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24

Brigham, Russell D. "Assessing the Effects of Lake Dredged Sediments on Soil Health: Agricultural and Environmental Implications on Midwest Ohio." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1593902126203743.

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25

Ozkenter, Ali Arda. "Effect Of Calcium Oxide Addition On Carbothermic Formation Of Hexagonal Boron Nitride." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610740/index.pdf.

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Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) formation by carbothermic reduction of B2O3 under nitrogen atmosphere at 1500&deg C and effect of CaO addition into the initial B2O3 &amp #8211 active C mixture were investigated during this study. Reaction products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitative chemical analysis. Main aim of this study was to investigate the presence of a second reaction mechanism that catalytically affects h-BN formation during CaO or CaCO3 addition into the initial mixture. It was found that similar to CaCO3 addition, CaO addition has a catalytic effect on carbothermic formation h-BN. In order to investigate the reaction mechanism experiments with B2O3 &amp #8211 CaO mixtures without active carbon addition into the mixture were conducted. Furthermore nucleation of h-BN from calcium borate melts had been investigated and experiments were conducted with h-BN addition into CaO &amp #8211 B2O3 mixtures. It was concluded that nucleation of h-BN in calcium borate slags under experimental conditions is not possible. Hexagonal BN should be present in the system in order to activate the second nitrogen dissolution followed by h-BN precipitation mechanism. Highest efficiency was achieved in the experiment conducted with CaCO3 addition and largest particle size was observed during the experiment conducted to investigate the effect of nucleation.

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26

Gerger, Andrew Phillip. "Growth and characterization of gallium nitride on lattice-matched magnesium calcium oxide." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024993.

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Verbraeken, Maarten Christiaan. "Doped alkaline earth (nitride) hydrides." Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/714.

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Tulyapitak, Tulyapong. "CURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBOXYLATED NITRILE RUBBER (XNBR) VULCANIZED BY ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1158067153.

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29

Curie, Florence. "Rétention de nitrate dans les zones humides riveraines : rôle des facteurs hydrologiques, géomorphologiques et biogéochimiques : approche multi-échelle dans le bassin de la Seine." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066353.

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30

Fernandes, Maria do Carmo de Alustau. "Caracterização do efeito vasodilatador dos nitratos orgânicos GTN, NTHF, NCOE e BIS-NTHF em artéria e veia isoladas de cordão umbilical humano." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8853.

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Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-02-24T14:06:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 3861832 bytes, checksum: 51f845d5047e9aaddd5d14c6395b40a2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-24T14:06:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 3861832 bytes, checksum: 51f845d5047e9aaddd5d14c6395b40a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-31 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq Human umbilical cord vessels (HUCV), often considered biological waste, are good models for evaluation of vasoactive substances. The effect of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) has been characterized in several animal blood vessels, but this nitrate presents little effect on HUCV. The tetrahydrofurfuryl nitrate (NTHF) and 13-cis-9-octadecanoate acetate nitrate (NCOE) are nitric oxide (NO) donors, whose effect has been characterized in animal vessels. 1,2-bis (tetrahydrofuran-2-yl) ethane-1,2-diildinitrato (BIS-NTHF) is a novel compound (two molecules of NTHF) that has no pharmacological studies. The aim of this study was to implement and standardize the technique involving HUCV, and characterize the effect of these four organic nitrates both in artery (HUA) and vein (HUV) rings isolated from umbilical cord. The standardization of the technique showed that 3g and 3h are, respectively, the ideal voltage and time to experiment with the umbilical vessels, besides the fact that it presents a spontaneous decrease both basal tone as the contractile. The study of nitrates showed that these compounds have relaxed the basal tone of HUCV. All nitrate induced vasorelaxation in both umbilical vessels pre-contracted with serotonin (5-HT), with maximum effects than 90%, and more effectively in relaxing HUA than HUV. In this situation, GTN was the most potent nitrate in causing vasodilation, BIS NTHF presented an intermediate power value, while NCOE and NTHF were less potent in relaxing HUV and HUA, respectively. When HUA rings were pre-contracted with KCl 60 mM, there was an attenuation of vasodilation promoted by nitrates. GTN and the NTHF also showed decreased vasorelaxation in HUV rings contracted with KCl 60 mM, while NCOE and BIS-NTHF have effects similar to the rings pre-contracted with 5 HT. Preincubation of GTN, BIS-NTHF and NTHF attenuated contractions induced by 5-HT in HUA rings. Additionally, GTN and BIS-NTHF also inhibited contraction stimulated by 5-HT in HUV. In contrast, preincubation of NTHF in HUV, and NCOE both in HUV as HUA led to lower inhibition when compared with the other nitrates. GTN, NTHF and BIS-NTHF inhibited the phasic and tonic components of the contraction induced by 5-HT in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. NCOE was more effective to inhibit the tonic contraction. Pre-incubation of 10 μM of ODQ, inhibitor of soluble cyclase guanylyl, attenuated significantly the vasodilator response to GTN, NTHF, NCOE and BIS NTHF was. Preincubation of 10 mM TEA, a blocker of potassium channels, decreased the relaxant response of the four nitrates in HUA, while do not alter the effect in HUV. In view of what has been exposed here, it can be concluded that GTN, NTHF, NCOE and BIS-NTHF cause vasorelaxation of HUCV rings, both in basal tone as contractions induced by 5-HT or KCl. The mechanism of nitrates action in these human vessels involves activation of sCG and channels for potassium; and inhibition of calcium entry, release of stocks of this ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum and ROCK activity. Vasos umbilicais humano (HUCV), muitas vezes considerado lixo biológico, são bons modelos para avaliação de substâncias vasoativas. O efeito do trinitrato de gliceril (GTN) já foi caracterizado em vários vasos sanguíneos animais, mas em HUCV foi apenas relatado que este nitrato apresenta pouco efeito. O nitrato de tetra-hidrofurfurilo (NTHF) e o 13-nitrato-cis-9-octadecanoato de etila (NCOE) são doadores de óxido nítrico (NO), cujo efeito foi caracterizado em vasos animais. O 1,2-bis(tetrahidrofuran-2-il)etano-1,2-diildinitrato (BIS-NTHF) é um composto inédito (duas moléculas de NTHF) que não possui estudos farmacológicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi implantar e padronizar a técnica envolvendo HUCV, e caracterizar o efeito desses quatro nitratos orgânicos tanto em anéis de artéria (HUA) como veia (HUV) isoladas de cordão. A padronização da técnica mostrou que 3 g e 3h são, respectivamente, a tensão e tempo ideais para experimentos com os vasos umbilicais, além do fato de que estes apresentam uma queda espontânea tanto do tônus basal como do contrátil. O estudo com os nitratos mostrou que esses compostos relaxaram o tônus basal de HUCV. Todos os nitratos induziram vasorrelaxamento, em ambos os vasos umbilicais pré-contraídos com serotonina (5-HT), com efeitos máximos superiores a 90%, e com maior eficácia em relaxar HUA do que HUV. Nesta situação, GTN foi o nitrato mais potente em causar vasodilatação, BIS-NTHF apresentou um valor de potência intermediário, enquanto que NCOE e NTHF foram os menos potentes em relaxar HUV e HUA, respectivamente. Quando os anéis de HUA foram pré-contraídos com KCl 60 mM, houve uma atenuação da vasodilatação promovida pelos nitratos. GTN e NTHF também apresentaram o vasorrelaxamento diminuído nos anéis de HUV pré-contraídos com KCl 60 mM, enquanto NCOE e BIS-NTHF tiveram seus efeitos de forma semelhante aos anéis pré-contraídos com 5-HT. A pré-incubação de GTN, NTHF e BIS-NTHF atenuou as contrações induzidas por 5-HT, em anéis de HUA. Adicionalmente, GTN e BIS-NTHF também inibiram a contração estimulada por 5-HT em HUV. Em contrapartida, a pré-incubação de NTHF, em HUV, e de NCOE, tanto em HUV como em HUA, levaram à inibição menor, quando comparados aos outros nitratos. GTN, NTHF e BIS-NTHF inibiram o componente fásico e tônico da contração induzida por 5-HT, na ausência do Ca2+ extracelular. NCOE, por sua vez, foi mais eficaz em inibir a contração tônica. A pré-incubação de 10 μM de ODQ, inibidor da ciclase de guanilil solúvel, fez com que a resposta vasodilatadora de GTN, NTHF, NCOE e BIS-NTHF fosse atenuada de maneira significativa. A pré-incubação de 10 mM de TEA, um bloqueador de canais para potássio, em HUA diminuiu a resposta relaxante dos quatro nitratos, não alterando o efeito em HUV. Diante do exposto, pode-se concluir que os nitratos orgânicos GTN, NTHF, NCOE e BIS-NTHF causam vasorrelaxamento de anéis de HUCV, tanto no tônus basal quanto de contrações induzidas por 5-HT ou KCl. O mecanismo de ação dos nitratos nestes vasos humanos envolve ativação da sGC e de canais para potássio; e inibição da entrada de cálcio, liberação dos estoques deste íon do retículo sarcoplasmático e da atividade da ROCK.

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31

Balasus, Antje. "Umwelt- und Ertragswirkungen der Stickstoffdüngung beim Anbau von Weiden und Pappeln auf Ackerflächen unter Berücksichtigung phytopathologischer Aspekte." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-158254.

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Mit dem wachsenden Energiebedarf der Weltbevölkerung, Problemen mit der Kernenergie und begrenzten fossilen Energieträgern ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, alternative ökonomische und nachhaltige Energiequellen zu suchen. Weiden und Pappeln im Kurzumtrieb können als Bestandteil des Erneuerbaren Energiemix eine Ergänzung zu wind- und sonnenscheinabhängigen Anlagen sein. Im Vergleich zu 1-jährigen Ackerkulturen haben sie geringere Ansprüche an Dünger, Herbizide, Pflanzenschutzmittel und die Bodenbearbeitung. Für die Umwelt- und Energiebilanz sind die im Herstellungsprozess eingesetzte Energie und der verwendete Dünger relevant. Auf Brandenburger Ackerstandorten war für die Kurzumtriebsgehölze Weiden und Pappeln bisher nicht sicher, ob der Einsatz des N-Düngers Kalkammonsalpeter zur Steigerung der Erträge führt und welche Umweltwirkungen damit verbunden sind. Deshalb wurde in Potsdam-Bornim ein randomisierter Blockversuch mit Weiden (Salix viminalis Klon Inger) und Pappeln (Populus maximovizcii x Populus nigra Klon Max 4) im Kurzumtrieb in 2-jähriger Rotation und 4 Wiederholungen auf durchschnittlich mit Nährstoffen versorgtem Brandenburger Ackerland auf Pseudogley-Braunerde mit schwach lehmigem Sand in den Düngestufen 0 kg N ha-1a-1, 25 kg N ha-1a-1, 50 kg N ha-1a-1 und 75 kg N ha-1a-1 angelegt. Zusätzlich wurde eine mit 50 kg N ha-1a-1 gedüngte Variante untersucht, die von Begleitflora frei gehalten wurde. In den ersten 4 Vegetationsjahren wurden die Ertragseinflüsse der mineralischen N-Düngung sowie die N-Auswaschung, die Pflanzengesundheit, die Begleitflora und die N2O-Emissionen erfasst. Die Begleitflora im ersten Rotationszyklus hatte einen signifikant negativen Einfluss auf die Erträge von Pappeln und Weiden. Die Menge an Begleitflora und deren N-Gehalte stiegen mit steigenden N-Düngemengen. Der N-Dünger führte im Gesamtuntersuchungszeitraum bei Pappeln und Weiden weder zu Mehrerträgen noch zu unterschiedlichen N-Gehalten in Blättern oder Stämmen, weil er zu großen Anteilen ausgewaschen oder von der Begleitflora aufgenommen wurde. Die düngeinduzierten N2O-Emissionen in Weiden- und Pappelparzellen lagen unter 0,3 kg N ha-1a-1. Der von den Weiden und Pappeln benötigte N wurde in den ersten 4 Jahren durch Deposition, Mineralisation, verlagertes N aus tieferen Bodenschichten, Mykorrhizierung, bakterielle N2-Fixierung sowie endophytische Bakterien bereitgestellt. Der Verzicht auf N-Dünger vermindert die Konkurrenz der Begleitflora um Wasser und Nährstoffe, die N-Auswaschungsverluste, düngeinduzierte Treibhausgasemissionen sowie die energieaufwendige Herstellung von synthetischem N. Die Pflanzengesundheit wurde durch die Düngung nur geringfügig beeinflusst. Am Versuchsstandort wurden Pappeln mehr durch Rost (Melampsora ssp.) und Blattfraß geschädigt als Weiden. Die Fraßschäden wurden hauptsächlich von Roten Pappelblattkäfern (Chrysomela populi) und Blauen Weidenblattkäfern (Phratora vulgatissima / Phratora ssp.) verursacht. Weiden wurden stärker von Zikaden befallen als Pappeln.

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32

Ferreira, Rafael Bibiano 1992. "Brotação, produção e sazonalidade de pessegueiros submetidos a doses de fertilizante foliar nitrogenado e nitrato de cálcio /." Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150279.

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Orientador: Sarita Leonel Banca: Marco Antonio Tecchio Banca:Luis Lessi dos Reis Resumo: A escolha dos cultivares mais adaptados, de menor exigência em frio, é fundamental para o cultivo do pessegueiro em regiões subtropicais do Brasil. Estas regiões, de inverno ameno, não atende a necessidade em frio destas plantas, sendo necessário a utilização de técnicas alternativas, como a aplicação de produtos químicos posteriormente a poda de frutificação, para induzir a brotação das plantas. Entretanto, no mercado ainda existem poucos produtos disponíveis para esta finalidade, restringindo as opções do fruticultor a um número reduzido de moléculas químicas, que muitas vezes apresentam elevada toxicidade ao aplicador. Dentro deste contexto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o desempenho agronômico e a qualidade de frutos de três cultivares de pessegueiro, submetidos à aplicação de fertilizante foliar nitrogenado (Erger®) e nitrato de cálcio para a indução da brotação das plantas. O trabalho foi realizado na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP) - campus Botucatu, São Paulo. O município está situado a 22º51'55"S, 48º27'22" O e a 810 m de altitude. Foram avaliados cultivares de pessegueiro, com 4 anos de idade. As plantas foram conduzidas em taça, com espaçamento 6,0 x 4,0 m e enxertadas no porta-enxerto 'Okinawa'. Os tratamentos corresponderam a 3 cultivares: Douradão, BRS Kampai e BRS Rubimel e 4 doses de fertilizante foliar nitrogenado (FFN): 0; 1,25; 2,50 e 3,75%, ambas associadas a 4% de nitrato... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) Abstract: Choosing a low-chill variety is fundamental for growing peaches under subtropical conditions, since Brazil does not present enough cold weather; therefore, alternative techniques is required, such as the application of chemical products after fruit pruning to stimulate sprouting. However, there are still few products available for this purpose in the market; restricting options for producers to a reduced number of chemical molecules, which is poisoning for applicators. Thus, the current study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance and fruit quality of three peach varieties, submitted to nitrogen fertilizer (Erger®) and calcium nitrate to induce sprouting. The study took place at School of Agriculture, Botucatu São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo; located at the following coordinates: 22º51'55"S, 48º27'22"W and an altitude of 810 m. Peach trees of four years old were potted, spaced at 6 x 4 m on graft site of rootstock with 'Okinawa'. Treatments corresponded to three cultivars: Douradão, BRS Kampai and BRS Rubimel and 4 levels of foliar nitrogen fertilizer (FNF) (0; 1.25; 2.50 and 3.75%); associated with 4% calcium nitrate. Treatments received fertilizer immediately after pruning (July 15, 2015). A randomized block design with 12 treatments, 4 repetitions and 2 plants per plot totalized 96 plants; thus, 3 cultivars and 4 levels of FNF in a factorial scheme. Data were analysed through analysis of variance and, when significant, means were compared through Tukey test for cultivars and by polynomial regression for FNF levels. Results indicated an application of 2.2% FNF associated with 4% calcium nitrate to induce sprouting, flowering and fruiting in all cultivars; being "BRS Rubimel" the most productive and recommended in the respective area. FNF levels has not interfered in the cycle of those cultivars. For a period between dormancy and end of harvest, an accumulation of 1687.20 .. Mestre

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33

Abosrra, L. R. "Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete : corrosion of mild steel bars in concrete and its effect on steel-concrete bond strength." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5417.

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This thesis reports on the research outcome of corrosion mechanism and corrosion rate of mild steel in different environments (saline, alkaline solutions and concrete media) using potentiodynamic polarization technique. The study also included the effect of corrosion on bond strength between reinforcing steel and concrete using pull-out test. Corrosion of mild steel and 316L stainless steel with different surface conditions in 1, 3 and 5% saline (NaCl + Distilled water) was investigated. Specimens ground with 200 and 600 grit silicon carbide grinding paper as well as 1μm surface finish (polished with 1μm diamond paste) were tested. In case of mild steel specimens, reduction in surface roughness caused increase in corrosion rate, while in 316L stainless steel corrosion rate decreased as the surface roughness improved. Metallographic examination of corroded specimens confirmed breakdown of passive region due to pitting corrosion. Corrosion of mild steel was also investigated in alkaline solution (saturated calcium hydroxide, pH =12.5) contaminated with 1, 3 and 5% saline. A series of corrosion experiments were also conducted to examine the efficiency of various concentrations of calcium nitrite (CN) on corrosion behaviour of both as-received and polished mild steel in alkaline solution containing 3% saline after 1 hour and 28 days of exposure. Corrosion rate was higher for the as-received than polished mild steel surface under the same testing conditions in NaCl alkaline solution with and without nitrites due to the effect of surface roughness. Morphology investigation of mild steel specimens in alkaline solution ii containing chlorides and nitrites showed localized pits even at nitrite concentration equal to chloride concentration. Corrosion of steel bars embedded in concrete having compressive strengths of 20, 30 and 46MPa was also investigated. The effect of 2 and 4% CN by weight of cement on corrosion behaviour of steel bar in low and high concrete strengths specimens were also studied. All reinforced concrete specimens were immersed in 3% saline solution for three different periods of 1, 7 and 15 days. In order to accelerate the chemical reactions, an external current of 0.4A was applied. Corrosion rate was measured by retrieving electrochemical information from polarization tests. Pull-out tests of reinforced concrete specimens were then conducted to assess the corroded steel/concrete bond characteristics. Experimental results showed that corrosion rate of steel bars and bond strength were dependent on concrete strength, amount of CN and acceleration corrosion period. As concrete strength increased from 20 to 46MPa, corrosion rate of embedded steel decreased. First day of corrosion acceleration showed a slight increase in steel/concrete bond strength, whereas severe corrosion due to 7 and 15 days corrosion acceleration significantly reduced steel/concrete bond strength. Addition of only 2% CN did not give corrosion protection for steel reinforcement in concrete with 20MPa strength at long time of exposure. However, the combination of good quality concrete and addition of CN appear to be a desirable approach to reduce the effect of chloride induced corrosion of steel reinforcement. At less time of exposure, specimens without CN showed higher bond strength in both concrete mixes than those with CN. After 7 days of corrosion acceleration, the higher concentration of CN gave higher bond strength in both concrete mixes. The same trend was observed at 15 days of corrosion acceleration except for the specimen with 20MPa compressive strength and 2% CN which recorded the highest deterioration in bond strength.

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34

Mouselmani, Rim. "Reduction of Organic Functional Groups Using Hypophosphites." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1241/document.

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Récemment, les exigences en chimie ont évolué rapidement, car le développement durable a retenu plus d'attention. Les principes de la chimie verte ont encouragé les chimistes à développer des produits chimiques et des procédés qui réduisent ou éliminent les substances dangereuses. Les travaux de recherche décrits dans cette thèse portent sur le développement de nouveaux systèmes réducteurs en utilisant des hypophosphites comme substituts aux agents réducteurs toxiques traditionnels.Pour atteindre cet objectif, les nitriles aromatiques ont été réduits en aldéhydes correspondants par la formation du gaz de l’hydrogène et de nanoparticules de nickel en combinant un précurseur de nickel avec de l'hypophosphite de calcium en présence d'une base dans un milieu biphasique. De plus, les nitriles aromatiques ont été réduits en amines primaires en utilisant de l'hypophosphite de calcium et le catalyseur hétérogène palladium sur le carbone. La nature du catalyseur métallique, les additifs, les solvants, la température et les concentrations ont été étudiés en détail.D'autre part, l'amination réductrice directe des cétones aliphatiques et aromatiques a été réalisée pour la première fois en utilisant du palladium hétérogène sur du carbone et de l'hypophosphite d'ammonium qui agit comme une source d'ammoniac et un agent réducteur en même temps. Au cours de l'optimisation, des différents paramètres ont été étudiés Recently, requirements in chemistry are changing fast, since sustainable development has retained more attention. Green chemistry principles have promoted chemists to develop chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate hazardous substances. The research work described in this thesis is focused on the development of new reducing systems using hypophosphites as substitutes for traditional toxic reducing agents.In order to achieve this goal, aromatic nitriles were reduced into the corresponding aldehydes by the formation of hydrogen gas and nickel nanoparticles upon combining a nickel precursor with calcium hypophosphite in the presence of base in a biphasic medium. Moreover, aromatic nitriles were reduced into primary amines using calcium hypophosphite and the heterogeneous catalyst palladium on carbon. The nature of the metal catalyst, additives, solvents, temperature, and concentrations were studied in details.On the other hand, the well-known direct reductive amination of aliphatic and aromatic ketones was done for the first time using heterogeneous palladium on carbon, and ammonium hypophosphite which acts as a source of ammonia and as a reducing agent at the same time. During optimization different parameters were studied

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Jorge, Renato Atilio 1950. "Troca ionica entre pectinatos de aluminio e nitratos de calcio, manganes, zinco, cobre e ferro (III) em solução aquosa." [s.n.], 1985. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250313.

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Orientador : Aecio Pereira Chagas Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-16T16:10:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge_RenatoAtilio_D.pdf: 5293011 bytes, checksum: 5e21d24d44aad1d6c1df338dbd860f0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1985 Doutorado

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Chartrand, Jonathan. "Comparaison de méthodes d'estimation pour le calcul de la charge en nitrate à l'exutoire de petits bassins versants en milieu agricole." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25860/25860.pdf.

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37

Schenck, Charles. "Pollution saline de l'eau souterraine et de l'air liee aux activites economiques en haute alsace : incidences agronomiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13220.

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De par ses caracteristiques physiques, la vallee de l'ill en haute alsace est particulierement sensible a la pollution. Dans cette region a vocation industrielle et agricole la contazmination du milieu se traduit par une forte mineralisation de l'eau souterraine et des retombees atmospheriques solubles, diluees mais acides. La composition naturelle: bicarbonatee calcique de l'eau de la nappe phreatique est modifiee par une charge chloro-sodique et nitrique non negligeable. Quant aux retombees, elles provoquent au sol, des apports d'elements mineraux parmis lesquels predominent les chlorures, les sulfates, les nitrates, le calcium, le potassium et le sodium

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Velarde, Ch André, and P. Carlos Fosca. "Estudio de la influencia del nitrito de calcio como agente inhibidor de la corrosión." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99496.

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Chaussumier, Michel. "Un modele statistique de calcul en fatigue multiaxiale pour les pieces mecaniques en acier nitrure." Paris, ENSAM, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENAM0045.

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La nitruration est un procede largement utilise pour renforcer en fatigue les pieces mecaniques fortement chargees. Ce renforcement est la consequence de deux effets. Le premier reside dans les modifications metallurgiques dans l'epaisseur de la couche nitruree. Le second effet est relatif aux contraintes residuelles induites par le traitement. Ce champ de contraintes etant multiaxial, tout calcul en fatigue passe par l'utilisation d'un critere de fatigue multiaxiale comme celui de crossland ou celui de dang van. La prevision de la duree de vie necessite alors d'etendre ces criteres au domaine de l'endurance limitee. L'utilisation de la loi d'endommagement multiaxiale de chaboche est egalement possible si l'on souhaite envisager le cumul non lineaire de l'endommagement. Pour une piece mecanique, un calcul de duree de vie se fait en comparant en tout point de la zone critique de la piece, l'etat de contrainte stabilise, qui depend du comportement elastoplastique cyclique du materiau, aux caracteristiques en fatigue. Dans le cas des pieces mecaniques nitrurees, le comportement elastoplastique et les caracteristiques en fatigue dependent de la profondeur, en relation avec les modifications metallurgiques que subit le materiau. Il faut donc, d'une part modeliser le comportement elastoplastique de la couche nitruree, et d'autre part, caracteriser le materiau nitrure vis-a-vis de la fatigue, et ceci en fonction de la profondeur. Les previsions de duree de vie ne pouvant se faire pour un risque de 50%, il est de plus necessaire d'aborder ce probleme de caracterisation en fatigue par une approche statistique en utilisant la loi de student. Ceci permet de definir le domaine experimental en rapport avec le domaine d'utilisation du materiau. L'application de cette methode de calcul au cas de la fatigue en pied de dent d'un pignon nitrure est proposee. Une carte de duree de vie est etablie en utilisant la loi normale.

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Kulkarni, Aniket [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Jansen. "Structure prediction of lithium, calcium carbide, and (per)nitride compounds at ambient and high pressure on the ab-initio level / Aniket Kulkarni. Betreuer: Martin Jansen." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102604328X/34.

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Pelat, Giulia. "Analisi Calorimetrica di esplosivi non convenzionali utilizzati per atti malevoli." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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L’obiettivo della tesi è stato la valutazione dell'efficienza di un IED (Improvised Explosive Device), ossia esplosivi realizzati artigianalmente. Da una analisi bibliografica è emerso che uno dei più comuni IED è l’ANFO (Ammonium Nitrate + Fuel Oil). Si è analizzato inizialmente una miscela costituita da Nitrato di Ammonio e Nonano, scelto come componente rappresentativo dei combustibili, a cui è stato aggiunto Carbonato di Calcio per valutare il suo effetto inertizzante. Analizzando infine un fertilizzante industriale (BCR178) composto principalmente da Carbonato di Calcio e Nitrato di Ammonio, spesso utilizzato per la produzione di ANFO e per la sua facile reperibilità in commercio. Uno dei parametri caratteristici degli esplosivi è il calore di decomposizione per unità di massa o di mole. Pertanto, l’obiettivo principale di questa attività di tesi è stato la determinazione sperimentale del calore assorbito dai campioni presi in esame durante la loro decomposizione mediante sia analisi termogravimetrica che calorimetrica in ambiente inerte ed ossidativo.

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Viavattene, Christophe. "Exploitation socio-économique de la modélisation souterraine du transfert des nitrates à l'échelle du bassin de la Seine." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001750.

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Avec les lois sur l'eau de 1964 et 1992, la France s'est dotée d'une gestion intégrée et décentralisée de la ressource en eau, organisée autour de six bassins hydrographiques. Sans remettre en cause les fondements de cette organisation, la Directive Cadre sur l'Eau (DCE), adoptée le 22 décembre 2000, renforce cette gestion en fixant des objectifs environnementaux planifiés, en l'organisant au sein de sous entités hydrographiques, les masses d'eau, et en prônant l'utilisation de l'analyse économique. Dès 2009, les Agences de l'Eau doivent définir un plan de gestion fixant les objectifs à atteindre en 2015, première échéance de la DCE, et un programme de mesures nécessaires à leur réalisation. Parmi les objectifs de reconquête de la qualité des eaux, la réduction des contaminations nitriques des ressources en eau souterraine du bassin de la Seine constitue un des grands enjeux auxquels doivent faire face les gestionnaires. La principale source de cette contamination est une pollution diffuse d'origine agricole étendue à l'ensemble du bassin. Depuis plusieurs années, des efforts ont déjà été initiés en instaurant la mise en place de mesures agro-environnementales. Mais en raison de l'efficacité partielle de ce type de mesure et des temps de réponse souvent longs des aquifères, on est en droit de se demander si ce type de mesures suffira à remplir l'objectif de bon état chimique des eaux souterraines à l'horizon 2015. La première étape de notre travail a donc consisté en une exploitation prospective du modèle agro-hydrologique MODSUR-STICS-NEWSAM, développé dans le cadre du programme PIREN-Seine pour simuler l'impact des pollutions diffuses azotées d'origine agricole sur les trois principaux aquifères du bassin de la Seine. Sur la base d'un recensement des pratiques agricoles observées à l'échelle de grandes régions agricoles sur la période 1992-1998, deux scénarios ont été élaborés: continuité de ces pratiques en "laisser-faire" et application de mesures agro-environnementales. L'évolution de la médiane de la distribution des concentrations mesurées en nitrates, indice statistique caractérisant chaque aquifère, permet d'estimer l'impact des mesures à diverses échéances. Par confrontation entre données simulées avec données observées sur une période de 30 ans, le risque de dépassement d'une valeur seuil est évalué pour chaque cellule du modèle et agrégé à l'échelle des masses d'eau souterraines du bassin. Chaque masse d'eau peut alors être caractérisée par sa probabilité de franchissement des seuils de concentration de 25, 40, 50 et 100 mgNO3/l. La seconde partie de ce mémoire a pour objectif de mettre en œuvre l'exploitation socio-économique des résultats du modèle en déterminant les coûts et les bénéfices attendus des mesures agricoles préventives. Les surcoûts supportés par les agriculteurs tiennent compte des variations de rendements simulés par STICS et des coûts imputables à la mise en place des mesures. L'évaluation des bénéfices se limite à l'estimation des dommages évités pour la production domestique d'eau potable depuis les ressources en eau souterraine. Deux méthodes ont été employées. La première est basée sur l'approche de R.L. Raucher appliquée à l'ensemble du bassin en supposant qu'un traitement curatif systématique des eaux brutes est mis en œuvre dès que la probabilité de dépassement du seuil de 50 mgNO3/l devient trop grande. La seconde approche simule à l'aide s'un système multi-agents (SMA), le comportement des unités de gestion et d'exploitation (UGE) face à une pollution avérée de leur ressource. Ce modèle, baptisé WATER-RUSH, est appliqué sur plusieurs décennies au territoire de trois masses d'eau du bassin de la Seine couvrant 612 UGE, soit 1 027 communes. Cet outil permet de tester les différentes solutions pouvant être adoptées par les UGE suivant un critère de moindre coût et la prise en compte des conditions locales d'exploitation: mélange au sein du réseau, approfondissement des captages, traitement des eaux brutes, abandon et recherche de nouvelle ressource intra ou extra UGE. Sur cette base, le surcoût de chaque solution est calculé annuellement sur toute la période simulée et rapporté au mètre cube produit.

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Aboab, Bettina. "Etude du couplage vibronique dans le cas d'un système XY3Z de symétrie C3V soumis à effet Jahn-Teller : application au calcul du couplage vibronique dans l'état excite 3E du radical methyl-nitrène CH3N." Pau, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PAUU3019.

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Notre travail est consacré au traitement du couplage vibronique. Après avoir présenté l'essentiel des méthodes théoriques utilisées pour résoudre ce problème, nous nous sommes intéressé au traitement du couplage vibronique Jahn-Teller dynamique E(3Al+3E) au voisinage du point de symétrie C3V d'un système XY3Z présentant une double dégénérescence d'espace. Nous avons ensuite appliqué ce traitement au calcul du couplage vibronique dans l'état excité 3E du radical méthyl-nitrène Ch3N

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Tobar, Garay Alexis. "Compararción de la eficacia clínica de dentífricos a base de arginina al 8%/ carbonato calcio/ monofluorfosfato de sodio 1450 ppm versus nitrato de potasio al 5%/ fluoruro de sodio 2500 ppm en el tratamiento de la hipersensibilidad dentinaria : Ensayo clínico aleatorio." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/137434.

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Trabajo de Investigación Requisito para optar al Título de Cirujano Dentista Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento Introducción: La Hipersensibilidad dentinaria (HSD) es un dolor breve y agudo frente a estímulos térmicos, químicos, táctiles u osmóticos, que no puede ser adscrito a otro tipo de patología. Existen variados tratamientos para HSD, pero hasta la fecha ninguno ha sido comprobadamente eficaz. Uno de los compuestos más utilizados a través de los años es el Nitrato de Potasio; sin embargo, últimamente ha emergido un desensibilizante nuevo y promisorio: la Arginina. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la eficacia clínica en la reducción de HSD, tanto entre como dentro de los grupos de pacientes tratados con dentífricos en base a Arginina al 8%/ carbonato de calcio/ monofluorfosfato de sodio 1450 ppm o Nitrato de Potasio al 5%/ fluoruro de sodio 2500 ppm, a las 4 semanas de tratamiento. Materiales y métodos: Ensayo clínico, aleatorio, controlado, doble ciego, de grupos paralelos. Treinta y cuatro sujetos de la Clínica de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile, con HSD ≥4 de escala Visual Análoga (EVA), en al menos 2 dientes que no fueran molares, fueron asignados aleatoriamente en 2 grupos de tratamiento con dentífricos: Grupo T1 (n=16): Arginina al 8%/carbonato de calcio/monofluorfosfato de sodio 1450 ppm; Grupo T2 (n=18): Nitrato de Potasio al 5%/fluoruro de sodio 2500 ppm. Se evaluó el grado de HSD en escala EVA a través de 2 pruebas: evaporativa (aire de jeringa triple) y térmica (tetrafluoretano), y se calculó el promedio entre ambas, al inicio y a las 4 semanas de tratamiento. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el programa Stata® 11. Resultados: Ambos dentífricos mostraron reducciones significativas entre el tiempo inicial y a las 4 semanas de tratamiento (T1: 5.03 + 1.23 versus 2.60 + 1.27, p<0.05; T2: 4.73 + 1.51 versus 2.71 + 1.17, p<0.05). No hubo significancia estadística (p>0.05) al comparar los dentífricos, tanto en la diferencia del grado de HSD obtenido entre las 4 semanas de tratamiento, menos el tiempo inicial (ΔHSD) (2.43 + 1.22 para el grupo T1 y de 2.27 + 1.42 en el grupo T2), como entre las medias de los grados de HSD obtenidos en ambos dentífricos a las 4 semanas de tratamiento (2.60 + 1.27 y 2.71 + 1.17, para T1 y T2 respectivamente). En la categorización del dolor, 9 pacientes con dolor moderado en el grupo T1 y 10 pacientes con dolor moderado y severo en T2 (9 y 1 respectivamente), a las 4 semanas de tratamiento, se categorizaron como dolor leve, teniendo significancia estadística (p<0.05) dentro de los grupos, pero no al comparar ambos dentífricos (p>0.05). Conclusiones: El dentífrico de Arginina al 8%/carbonato de calcio/monofluorfosfato de sodio 1450 ppm y el dentífrico de Nitrato de Potasio al 5%/fluoruro de sodio 2500 ppm fueron clínicamente eficaces en el reducción de la HSD a las 4 semanas de tratamiento. No hubo diferencias significativas (p>0.05) entre ambos dentífricos en la eficacia clínica en la reducción de la HSD a las 4 semanas de tratamiento.

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Kauark, Leite Luiz Augusto. "Réflexions sur l'utilité des modèles mathématiques dans la gestion de la pollution diffuse d'origine agricole." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529963.

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Cette étude comporte deux objectifs principaux. Le premier est de contribuer à l'évaluation des deux approches, empirique et conceptuelle, de modélisation du transport de polluants diffus d'origine agricole quant à leur capacité à représenter l'évolution temporelle des concentrations et des flux des matières en suspension, des nitrates et du phosphore, à l'exutoire d'un petit bassin versant agricole. Nous avons validé deux modèles représentatifs de chacune des approches ; le premier modèle est inspiré des modèles CREAMS et SWRRB et le deuxième est modèle le HSPF. Le deuxième objectif est d'analyser l'utilité des modèles mathématiques dans la gestion de la pollution diffuse d'origine agricole et ceci par rapport à cinq critères de décision auxquels sont confrontés les gestionnaires : (1) estimation des flux polluants, (2) évaluation du risque de dépassement d'une concentration, (3) description de mécanismes de transport de polluants , (4) détermination et quantification des sources de polluants et (5) évaluation de l'impact sur la qualité de l'eau des changements des pratiques agricoles. La première partie de ce mémoire décrit les enjeux de la pollution diffuse d'origine agricole, analyse les phases du processus de gestion de la qualité de l'eau dans les bassins versants agricoles et situe les diverses méthodologies d'aide à la gestion dans les différentes étapes de ce processus. On met en évidence de quelle manière la modélisation peut apporter une aide aux gestionnaires et aux décideurs. Elle comporte également une description des différentes étapes de la mise en oeuvre d'un modèle et une analyse des principaux problèmes extrinsèques aux modèles qui limitent leur application par les gestionnaires. La deuxième partie décrit les mécanismes mis en jeu dans le transport de polluants d'origine diffuse et les principales approches de modélisation de chaque processus individuel par cycle : l'eau, l'érosion, l'azote puis le phosphore. Enfin nous présentons les principaux modèles mathématiques de simulation du transport des polluants agricoles en les classant, en mettant en évidence leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients, et en précisant leur domaine d'application. La troisième partie présente la démarche de modélisation suivie, les modèles mathématiques utilisés et les résultats obtenus individuellement pour chacun des modèles pour le bassin versant de l'Orgeval (à Mélarchez). Finalement, nous présentons les résultats de nos réflexions sur l'utilité des modèles mathématiques dans la gestion de bassins agricoles afin d'évaluer le réel intérêt d'une telle démarche dans la résolution des problèmes concrets qui sont posés aux gestionnaires. Considérés comme outils de simulation des concentrations ou des débits à l'exutoire, ces modèles sont trop complexes par rapport à l'information disponible dans les données ce qui conduit à une sous-détermination des paramètres. De plus, l'évolution temporelle des concentrations de polluants à l'exutoire est en général mal représentée notamment lors les événements à fortes concentrations. Considérés comme outils de gestion, ces modèles ne sont guère plus performant dans l'estimation des flux polluants à l'exutoire que des modèles plus simples. Par ailleurs, ces modèles pourraient en principe simuler l'évolution d'autres variables d'état (e.g., stock d'azote du sol) ou simuler l'impact de changements des pratiques agricoles sur la qualité de l'eau tels que les modifications des surfaces cultivées ou de la rotation de différentes espèces végétales ou des changements dans la quantité ou dans le mode d'apport de fertilisants. Pour cela ils devraient être validés sur leur réalisme physique, c'est-à-dire, sur leur capacité de décrire fidèlement les processus essentiels responsables de la dynamique de polluants dans le bassin versant. Cependant, comme ils ne sont jamais validés sur cette propriété et comme aucune mesure à l'intérieur du bassin ne permet de justifier a priori la validité de la représentation, on ne peut encore raisonnablement leur accorder confiance pour la prise de décision en matière de gestion.

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Nielsen, Jennifer I. "Remediation of brine-contaminated soil using calcium nitrate, gypsum, and straw." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/19453.

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Salt-affected soils from point source brine contamination are common in the active oil field in SE Saskatchewan. A remediation process that included dewatering by sub-surface tile drains, application of surface amendments (calcium nitrate and straw), and growing forages has been successful but not previously examined. In a field study of two remediation sites, the changes in vegetation, soil salinity, and groundwater were assessed using geo-referenced electromagnetic (EM) maps (EM38h, EM38v, and EM31v), piezometers, and soil sampling. A laboratory soil core leaching experiment studied the effect of gypsum, calcium nitrate, and straw at various rates on the remediation of a brine-contaminated soil. All treatments including the control reduced the electrical conductivity (EC) to non-saline values (<4 dS m-1). The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was reduced to <13 with the high rates of gypsum and calcium nitrate. The fastest and most effective treatments were comprised of all rates of gypsum and the highest rate of calcium nitrate.

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Chan, Che-Ming, and 詹哲明. "Effects of Growth Retardant, Calcium Nitrate and Pinching on the Quality of Pot Poinsettia." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97257908152591741727.

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碩士 國立中興大學 園藝學系 91 Euphorbia publcherrima Willd. ex ‘Pepride’, ‘Eckespoint Freedom’ and ‘Winter Rose’ were used in this study. The objective is to investigate the effect of growth retardant, Ca(NO3)2 treatment and pinching types on the quality of poinsettias. The plant height, dry weight, fresh weight, growth of shoots and leaves area of three cultivar were decreased along with the concentration of paclobutrazol, but anthesis were apeared earlier. When ‘Pepride’, ‘Eckespoint Freedom’ and ‘Winter Rose’ were treated with 80 ppm resulted in plant were half height of controlled plant and anthesis were apeared earlier about 3~16 days. ‘Winter Rose’ were more sensitive to paclobutrazol than ‘Pepride’ and ‘Eckespoint Freedom’. The leaves of ‘Winter Rose’ curled seriously but the values of L, a, b and chlorophyll content would increase along with the concentration. The macroelements content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium of three cultivars would increase with treated concentration. Three cultivar of poinsettia were treated with different Ca(NO3)2 concentration, on which plant height, growth of shoots, infloresence diameter and fresh weight would increase along with the concentration. The height of ‘Pepride’ treated with Ca(NO3)2 300 ppm was 16.83 cm more than 0 ppm 5 cm. However the plant height and fresh weight of ‘Pepride’ would decrease at 400 ppm. The values of L, a, b of ‘Pepride’ bracts would increase with concentration, but the brightness of ‘Eckespoint Freedom’ bracts decreased. Nevertherless increased the chlorophyll content of ‘Eckespoint Freedom’ and ‘Winter Rose’ at anthesis, but had no effects on the carbohydrate content of poinsettias. ‘Pepride’, ‘Eckespoint Freedom’ and ‘Winter Rose’ were treated with soft pinching with leaf and petiole removal (D and E), resulted in shortening the plant height but had more 1~2 infloresences. Only soft pinching or soft pinching with leaf and petiole removal after lateral shoot 1 cm long (A, B and C) could increase the long of lateral shoots but the number of lateral shoots decreased. ‘Winter Rose’ were treated with soft pinching with leaf and petiole removal the plant height was 22.43 cm and the number of infloresences was 5.33. Three cultivars of poinsettia were treated with different pinching types had no effects on the chlorophyll and carbohydrate content.

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Wang, Ming Hung, and 王銘鴻. "Effects of Foliar Spray with Cytokinin and Calcium Nitrate on Growth and Inflorescence Development and Quality of Oncidiums Honey Angel." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06055569177509458499.

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碩士 國立屏東科技大學 農園生產系所 103 Abstract Student ID：N10211009 Title of thesis：Effects of Foliar Spray with Cytokinin and Calcium Nitrate on Growth and Inflorescence Development and Quality of Oncidiums Honey Angel. Total page：65 Name of Institute：Department of Plant Industry Graduate date：2015.5 Degree Conferred：Master Name of student：Ming- Hung Wang Adviser：Chung - Ruey Yen Ph.D. The contents of abstract in this thesis： Effects of foliar spray cytokinins (kinetin and BA) and calcium on growth and flowering in Oncidium Onc. “Honey Angel” were studied to promote off-season and improve inflorescences quality. The applications of cytokinins in warm Pingtung summer did not improve flower growth and quality. However, the treatments significantly increased vegetative bud number and shortened the days of pseudobulbs bud emergence. Foliar kinetin (150-200ppm) spray promoted vegetative bud emergence 9 days earlier than control. The growth of vegetative buds (1.9) of 0.6-0.8Mm 6-benzyladeninepurine (BA) was 5.8 days before cut flower, and 27 days earlier than control. The treatment of 300ppm Ca(NO3)2 increased plant growth and flower quality. The width and thickness of the pseudobulbs and length of flower stalks and number of branch and florets were significantly better than control. However, the number of vegetative buds and the days of bud emergence were not different. Key words：Oncidium、Regulation of Flowering、Cytokinin、Calcium

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Pan, Ling-Huey, and 潘玲慧. "Effects of the application of calcium nitrate on the growth and the development of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch )." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88446075603350993998.

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碩士 國立中興大學 園藝學系 82 Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dif- ferent concertrations of calcium nitrate treatments on the growth and development,nutrition, stem strength and plant morphology of poinsettia(Euphorbia plucherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch) cvs. Supjibi, Peter Star and Angelika. Results indicated that different concentrations of calcium nitrate treatments on the height, width, leaf number, total leaf area and vegetable growth were not significant, however they appeared to be coincide with increased concentration of Ca( NO3)2 applied to 'Angelika' poinsettias. No significant difference of treatments on the total inflorescence diameter, bract number, total bract area and bract color( including lightness, value of a and b, hue and saturation) of the three cultivars. Leaf P and Ca contents are lower than that of bract after treatment of different concentration of calcium nitrate, but leaf N, Ca and Mg contents are higher than that of bracts. Both of Cu and Zn contents were in deficiency range. Leaf Ca and Mg contents were higer than those the of stems,but both leaf and stem K contents were similar. Free and bound calcium in leaves was higer than that in bracts and stems. The transpiration and stomatal conductance of 4th, 5th and 6th leaves of cv. Supjibi treated with 800 ppm Ca(NO3)2 showed the highest one. Stem strength, break intension, trail, jelly and crisp were fairly corelated to Ca(NO3)2 treatment levels in the three cultivars. There was no significant difference in plant morphology of poinsettia in different Ca(NO3)2 treatments.

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Reeder, Julie A. "The effects on the performance of broilers consuming calcium, potassium, and sodium nitrates and nitrites from the drinking water." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34903.

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Four experiments were carried out with broiler chicks from day-old to three or four weeks of age to assess the effects of nitrates and nitrites from calcium, potassium, and sodium salts in the drinking water of broilers on growth, body weights, feed utilization, blood chemistries, liver tissues, and lipid oxidation of breast and thigh tissues. Body weights were lower (P<.05) among chicks consuming calcium nitrate than those of chicks consuming sodium nitrate or the control. Chicks consuming calcium nitrate (Ca(NO��)��) at 1000 ppm had lower (P<.05) body weights than those drinking Ca(NO��)�� at 0, 50, or 200 ppm. Broilers receiving 1000 ppm of calcium nitrite (Ca(NO��)��) had depressed body weights when compared to chicks consuming 0, 50, or 200 ppm of Ca(NO��)��. Consumption of sodium nitrate (NaNO��) at 2033 ppm reduced (P<.05) broiler weights in comparison to broilers ingesting 0, 111, or 427 ppm of NaNO��. Feed utilization was less efficient (P<.05) by chicks ingesting Ca(NO��)�� and calcium, potassium, or sodium salts of nitrite when compared with the control. Graduation date: 1996

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