Academic literature on the topic 'Nitrate of starch'

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Journal articles on the topic "Nitrate of starch"

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Tishchenko, Sergey, Vladimir Lukashov, and Leonid Plyatsuk. "ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE TECHNOLOGY OF STARCH NITRATE PRODUCTION." Technogenic and Ecological Safety, no. 15(1/2024) (April 24, 2024): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52363/2522-1892.2024.1.5.

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This article is devoted to development of an environmentally safe technology for production of an explosive substance – starch nitrate. The aim of the development was to create the technology for starch nitrate production, which reduces the man-made burden on the environment, due to the absence of acidic wastes discharged into the environment, and also ensures the chemical stability of starch nitrate. This is achieved by starch nitration with highly concentrated nitric acid without adding sulfuric acid. To work out this process in laboratory conditions, nitration of starch was carried out with
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Lukashov, V. K., та S. D. Tishchenko. "Сhemical resistance and stabilization of starch nitrate". Chemistry, Technology and Application of Substances 7, № 1 (2024): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ctas2024.01.027.

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It was studied the Processes of ensuring chemical stability (stabilization) of starch nitrate obtained by nitration of starch by two ways: nitric acid and nitric-sulfuric acid mixture. It has been confirmed that, in the first case, starch nitrate has much higher stability due to the absence of low-stable sulfuric acid esters. It is shown that to ensure it in this case, 10 minutes of washing of starch nitrate in 0.19 m3/kg of hot water (95 °С) is sufficient. It was established that in the case of nitration with nitric acid, an increase in the nitrogen content in starch nitrate, which characteri
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Yasmin, Nurul, Vita Apriani, Ema Silviani, and Anuraga Jayanegara. "Slow release urea nitrate with starch polymer coating technique for fermentation and rumen digestibility in vitro." BIO Web of Conferences 148 (2024): 04012. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202414804012.

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The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of starch polymer coating. The starch used are divided into two, i.e., sago starch and cassava starch. A randomized complete block design was utilized in this study consisted of five treatments and four replications. The treatments are T0 = control diet; T1 = T0 + uncoated urea; T2 = T0 + uncoated urea-nitrate; T3 = T0 + urea- nitrate with sago starch coating; T4 = urea-nitrate with cassava starch coating. The urea-nitrate supplementation treatments with starch coating were expected to enhance dietary crude protein by 2% of the control diet an
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Lukashov, V., S. Tishchenko, V. Sereda, and A. Artyukhov. "Patterns of the process of starch nitration with nitric acid." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 1 (March 2023): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-146-1-66-72.

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The article presents the results of the experimental study on the starch nitration process with aqueous solutions of nitric acid. This nitrating medium has a number of advantages over the nitric and sulfuric acids mixture commonly used in industry, in particular it concerns the chemical stability of resulting starch nitrate. The aim of this work is to establish the dependence of nitration degree of starch on the nitration process parameters, taking into account changes in the chemical composition of its macromolecules. The experimental research method involved the use of ferrous sulfate method
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Wu, Chuanfu, Danqi Tang, Qunhui Wang, et al. "Comparison of denitrification performances using PLA/starch with different mass ratios as carbon source." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 7 (2015): 1019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.048.

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A suitable carbon source is significant for biological nitrate removal from groundwater. In this study, slow-release carbon sources containing polylactic acid (PLA) and starch at 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, and 3:7 ratios were prepared using a blending and fusing technique. The PLA/starch blend was then used as a solid carbon source for biological nitrate removal. The carbon release rate of PLA/starch was found to increase with increased starch content in leaching experiments. PLA/starch at 5:5 mass ratio was found to have the highest denitrification performance and organic carbon consumption eff
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Shams, Dilawar Farhan, Alexandre Rubio, Panagiotis Elefsiniotis, and Naresh Singhal. "Post-denitrification using alginate beads containing organic carbon and activated sludge microorganisms." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 7 (2016): 1626–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.328.

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Nitrate concentration in the final effluent is a key issue in pre-denitrification biological treatment systems. This study investigated post-denitrification with alginate beads containing immobilized activated sludge microorganisms and organic carbon source. A batch study was first performed to identify suitable carbon sources among acetate, glucose, calcium tartrate, starch and canola oil on the basis of nitrate removal and bead stability. Canola oil and starch beads exhibited significantly higher denitrification rates, greater bead stability and lower nitrite accumulation (6 mg/L and 10 mg/L
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Li, Hao Yan, Dian Hai Yang, Hai Yan Wu, Qin Lu, and Xiang Zheng. "Comparison and Analysis of Denitrification Effect and Kinetics Regarding Several New Type Carbon Sources." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 2695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.2695.

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Three typical external carbon sources (i.e. leachate, hydrolysates from primary sludge and starch solution) with regard to the denitrification process were investigated respectively in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and their denitrification properties were compared to provide the optimum substrate suited for nitrogen removal processes. The variations of nitrogen were examined and nitrate utility ratio as well as carbon consumption rate was exhibited, denitrification kinetics regarding leachate was also analyzed by use of zero-order kinetic model. The experimental results indicated that the s
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Zhou, Jun, Qianyu Sun, Dan Chen, Hongyu Wang, and Kai Yang. "Ochrobactrum anthropi used to control ammonium for nitrate removal by starch-stabilized nanoscale zero valent iron." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 7 (2017): 1827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.286.

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In this study, the hydrogenotrophic denitrifying bacterium Ochrobactrum anthropi was added in to the process of nitrate removal by starch-stabilized nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) to minimize undesirable ammonium. The ammonium control performance and cooperative mechanism of this combined process were investigated, and batch experiments were conducted to discuss the effects of starch-stabilized nZVI dose, biomass, and pH on nitrate reduction and ammonium control of this system. The combined system achieved satisfactory performance because the anaerobic iron corrosion process generates H2, w
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Abeling, U., and C. F. Seyfried. "Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment of Potato-Starch Wastewater." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 2 (1993): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0098.

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Production of potato starch produces wastewaters with high concentrations of COD, nitrogen and phosphorus. The best known and most economical solution for the nearly full elimination of these substances is the two-stage anaerobic-aerobic treatment. The anaerobic pretreatment must only go so far as to maintain enough COD for biological nitrogen and phosphorus elimination in the aerobic stage. To optimize this process, several tests have been carried out on nitrification/denitrification by means of the intermediate product nitrite. The carbon consumption amounts to only 60% in comparison with de
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Alharbi, Khadiga, Samia A. Haroun, Amany M. Kazamel, et al. "Physiological Studies and Ultrastructure of Vigna sinensis L. and Helianthus annuus L. under Varying Levels of Nitrogen Supply." Plants 11, no. 14 (2022): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11141884.

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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizers (potassium nitrate and/or urea) on shoot parameters, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, and nitrogen fractions, as well as to conduct transmission electron microscopy, of Vigna sinensis L. (cowpea) and Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) leaves. A general improvement was recorded in the shoot parameters of the two plants, except for a decrease in the net assimilation rate by treatment of the two plants with 100% potassium nitrate plus 100% urea. The total nitrogen, insoluble protein, and total sol
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nitrate of starch"

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Pate, Mary Francis. "Coating of NZVI Particles With Modified Starch: Colloidal Stability and Nitrate Reduction Studies." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27816.

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Nanoscale-zero valent iron (NZVI) is an effective groundwater remediation media because it can quickly reduce and absorb contaminants. However, NZVI quickly agglomerates in aqueous systems, reducing its remediation capacity. This work investigated coating NZVI with native and modified rice, wheat, maize, and tapioca starches to improve colloidal stability. Colloidal stability studies were conducted with native and commercially available starches; tapioca starch modified with 2-Octen-l-ylsuccinic anhydride (OSA) was the best. Four concentrations of OSA-tapioca starch were prepared (3, 15, 35, a
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Gonçalves, Gislei Cristina. "Cultivo em campo de Coffea arabica L. cv. Obatã a pleno sol x sombreamento parcial: avaliações bioquímicas, fisiológicas e nutricionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-14052007-160536/.

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Plantas de café Arábicas com 4,5 anos de idade foram comparadas de agosto a dezembro crescendo a pleno sol e sob condições de sombreamento natural. As plantas apresentaram diferenças significativas em termos de crescimento e aspectos fisiológicos e bioquímicos O fornecimento de nitrogênio no mês de outubro proporcionou um aumento significativo nos teores de aminoácidos totais e na atividade da redutase do nitrato. As folhas de plantas crescendo em condições de sombreamento natural apresentaram maior peso fresco a que pleno sol. O teor de proteínas totais decresceu abruptamente a partir do mês
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Лукашов, В. К., та С. Д. Тищенко. "Розробка методики визначення вмісту азоту в нітраті крохмалю". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/67796.

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Нітрат крохмалю є похідним полісахаридів крохмалю, аналогічно до нітрату целюлози, який є похідним полісахариду целюлози. Обидва полісахариди мають однакову хімічну формулу, що виражає їх хімічний склад, але різну структуру макромолекул.
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Young, Eleanor Dawn, and ellie@goldstreetstudios com au. "Mechanisms of Controlling Colour and Aesthetic Appearance of the Photographic Salt Print." RMIT University. Applied Science, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080901.142948.

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Abstract The salt print is an important part of photography, both in its historic value and in the tonal range it can provide. This tonal range is greater than any other photographic printing process available to date attributed to the inherent masking ability of the metallic silver. However the intrinsic production problems have made it a 'forgotten' process. There are five key problems. 1. The difficulties in achieving the potential extensive tonal range. 2. The varying colour of the print. 3. Staining that appears in the print, during and after processing. 4. Instability and lo
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Марченко, В. С. "Вплив системи удобрення на формування урожайності картоплі сорту Карлен в умовах зрошення". Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/25086.

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Марченко, В. С. Вплив системи удобрення на формування урожайності картоплі сорту Карлен в умовах зрошення : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 201 "Агрономія" / В. С. Марченко ; керівник роботи Л. А. Шевченко ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра аграрних технологій та лісового господарства. – Чернігів, 2021. – 47 с.<br>У роботі представлені результати визначення впливу різних норм мінерального удобрення в умовах зрошення, що використовуються у технології вирощування картоплі сорту Карлен. Систематизовані та описані основні види зрошення, що використовуються у господарстві Біотех ЛТД. Визначе
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Dagenais, Bellefeuille Steve DB. "Nitrate metabolism in the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15897.

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Les dinoflagellés sont des eucaryotes unicellulaires retrouvés dans la plupart des écosystèmes aquatiques du globe. Ces organismes amènent une contribution substantielle à la production primaire des océans, soit en tant que membre du phytoplancton, soit en tant que symbiontes des anthozoaires formant les récifs coralliens. Malheureusement, ce rôle écologique majeur est souvent négligé face à la capacité de certaines espèces de dinoflagellés à former des fleurs d'eau, parfois d'étendue et de durée spectaculaires. Ces floraisons d'algues, communément appelées "marées rouges", peuvent avoir
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HOŠKOVÁ, Jana. "Porovnání produkční schopnosti vybraných odrůd brambor v ekologickém a konvenčním systému pěstování." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-188401.

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The dissertation investigated on the base of smallparcelled land the production abilities of chosen varieties of potatoes with different lenght of vegetation period in conventional and ecological system. The aim was to evaluate the yield of the tubers, weight of tubers, number of tubers under bunch, number of tubers with a proportion of market value tubers, amount of starch and amount of nitrates on the base of reached results of one years field experiment based on ecological and conventional grown system. The chosen varieties were divided in germinated and non germinated variantions in small
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Books on the topic "Nitrate of starch"

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Chebotarev, N., S. Lebedeva, A. Yudin, S. Kokovkina, and G. Romanov. The efficiency of organic and mineral fertilizers when cultivating crops in the fodder crop rotation in the Komi Republic. 59th ed. FSBI FIC "Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/978-5-89606-653-8.

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The monograph examines the issues of agrochemistry and northern agriculture. Scientific research in the conditions of the Komi Republic aims at the effect of the regular use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the agrochemical properties of soddy-podzolic soil against the long-term cultivation of potato, annual and perennial grasses. The productivity of potato, annual and perennial grasses (in a six-field fodder crop rotation) after the use of organic and mineral fertilizers was assessed, as well as the quality of crop production, its compliance with standards (for contents of dry matter, st
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Kirchman, David L. The nitrogen cycle. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0012.

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Nitrogen is required for the biosynthesis of many cellular components and can take on many oxidation states, ranging from −3 to +5. Consequently, nitrogen compounds can act as either electron donors (chemolithotrophy) or electron acceptors (anaerobic respiration). The nitrogen cycle starts with nitrogen fixation, the reduction of nitrogen gas to ammonium. Nitrogen fixation is carried out only by prokaryotes, mainly some cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria. The ammonium resulting from nitrogen fixation is quickly used by many organisms for biosynthesis, being preferred over nitrate as a ni
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Book chapters on the topic "Nitrate of starch"

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Tu, Changqing, and Xinrong Wen. "Determination of iodine in food by sodium nitrite-iodine-starch system." In Energy Revolution and Chemical Research. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003332657-43.

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Rufty, Jr.*, Thomas W., Richard J. Volk, and Anthony D. M. Glass. "Relationship between carbohydrate availability and assimilation of nitrate." In Nitrogen Metabolism of Plants. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198577522.003.0008.

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Abstract Nitrogen and carbon assimilatory processes in crop plants are interdependent. If the activity of either assimilation system is disrupted, adjustments occur in the other. When the exogenous supply of nitrogen is limited, for example, distinct changes occur in photosynthetic rate (Natr 1975) and capacity, i.e. leaf area expansion (Watson 1947; Tolley-Henry and Raper, 1986). Nitrogen stress also alters partitioning of fixed carbon between starch and sucrose in leaves (Robinson and Baysdorfer 1985; Radin and Eidenbock 1986), utilization of carbohydrate in sink tissues (Rufty et al. 1988),
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Yoo, Jae-Kook. "Neurological Reaction to Food Additives: Neurotoxic Effects of Food Additives." In Food Science and Nutrition. IntechOpen, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114358.

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This comprehensive chapter examines the intricate relationship between various food additives and the nervous system. Across 10 detailed sections, it explores additives such as aspartame, potassium sorbate, acesulfame potassium, dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC), starch acetate, monosodium glutamate (MSG), phenylalanine, sodium benzoate, artificial food dyes, and sodium nitrite. Each chapter delves into the chemical properties, usage in foods, and potential neurological impacts of these substances, enriched with patient case studies. The chapter pays special attention to conditions such as mood chan
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Conference papers on the topic "Nitrate of starch"

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Shaffie, Ahmad Hakimi, and Azwani Sofia Ahmad Khiar. "Characterization of chitosan-starch blend based biopolymer electrolyte doped with ammonium nitrate." In RECENT ADVANCEMENT ON APPLIED PHYSICS, INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY: Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advancements in Science and Technology 2017 (ICoRAST2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5041232.

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Borodin, Natalia. "Dinamica sezonieră a formelor minerale de azot şi fosfor în apa fluviului Nistru." In Starea ecosistemelor acvatice transfrontaliere ale Republicii Moldova. Institute of Zoology, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53937/sea2024.05.

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În lucrare sunt prezentate rezultatele cercetărilor privind dinamica sezonieră și spațială a conținutului de azot (de amoniu, nitrit, nitrat, mineral), fosfor (mineral, organic, total) în apele fluviului Nistru în anul 2024. Probele de apă au fost colectate la stațiile: Naslavcea, Vălcineț, Soroca, Camenca, Vadul lui Vodă, Varnița, Palanca. Sunt indicate valorile maxime ale diferitor indicatori la diverse staţii şi descrisă acţiunea lor negativă asupra funcţionării ecosistemelor acvatice. În baza indicatorilor analizați, a fost estimată clasa de calitate a apei. Ca urmare a generalizării și in
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Mosanu, Elena, Maria Sandu, Anatolie Tarita, and Marina Beiu. "Starea resurselor de apa din satul Pogânesti raionul Hâncesti (studiu de caz)." In Impactul antropic asupra calitatii mediului. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975330800.20.

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In the Republic of Moldova, 57,1% of the population are live in rural areas [23]. Wells and springs in rural areas serve as the main sources of drinking water. Thus, the study carried out in the Poganesti village (Hancesti district) has shown that the main pollution sources in the locality are, especially animal and domestic waste, that have great impact under the quality of drinking water. The study has showed that 55% of the wells, as well as the surface water (small river from the locality) are polluted with nitrogen compounds. Mineralization and total water hardness of the studied wells ex
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Ciorba, Petru. "Influența substanțelor biogene asupra ecosistemului râului Prut și fluviului Nistru pe parcursul anilor 2020-2023." In Starea ecosistemelor acvatice în contextul impactului antropic și al schimbărilor climatice. Institute of Zoology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/sea2023.04.

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În articolul dat sunt prezente rezultatele studierii conținutului compușilor azotului mineral (ioni de amoniu, nitriți și nitrați) și fosforului mineral în anii 2020 - 2023 din r. Prut sectorul Braniște-Giurgiulești și fl. Nistru. în cadrul proiectului 20.80009.7007.06 “Determinarea schimbărilor mediului acvatic, evaluarea migrației şi impactului poluanților, stabilirea legităților funcționării hidrobiocenozelor şi prevenirea consecinţelor nefaste asupra ecosistemelor” – AQUABIO (Programul de Stat 2020-2023). În cadrul studiului este examinată dinamica sezonieră și multianuală a acestor parame
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Tsai, Rung-Ywan, Lee-Ching Kuo, and F. C. Ho. "Amorphous Silicon and Silicon Nitride Films by Plasma-Enhanced CVD as Coating Materials." In Optical Interference Coatings. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1992.otue1.

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It is well known that plasma-deposited silicon and silicon nitride thin films provide great characteristics for optical coatings in various applications (1-5). Since films prepared by plasma-enhanced CVD are homogeneous, durable, and also reproducible, it is very appropriate to design a multilayer stack which consists of alternating a-Si and a-SiNx layers. We present our study on this topic in the following sections.
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Yamaki, Tatsunori, Yutaka Abe, Akiko Kaneko, Tomoomi Segawa, Koichi Kawaguchi, and Yoshikazu Yamada. "Study on Criteria of Flushing Phenomena in Boiling Transition by Microwave Heating." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30091.

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In the Microwave Heating de-nitration (MH) method developed in Japan, a mixed solution of uranyl nitrate and plutonium nitrate (Pu/U mixed nitrate solution) recovered from the spent fuel in the reprocessing plant is converted directly to mixed oxide (MH-MOX) powder. This MH-MOX powder is utilized to fabricate MOX fuel with UO2 powder for FBR. The MH method is accompanied with transient boiling phenomena such as overflow and flushing. Toward high-speed and high-capacity conversion by MH-method in the future, it is required to avoid overflow and flushing and to understand optimal conditions for
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Vietmeier, Anna, Michelle Valkanas, Natalie Lamagna, Quinn Hughes, Djuna Gulliver, and Nancy Trun. "Bacterial Nitrate Reduction by Paraburkholderia yinzercillus Contributes to Iron Bioremediation in Abandoned Coal Mine Drainage." In Conference Name: Gordon Research Conference on Renewable Energy: Solar Fuels Location: Ventura, California, United States Start Date: 2/4/2024 12:00:00 AM End Date: 2/9/2024 12:00:00 AM. US DOE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2329457.

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Walwil, Husam, Daniel C. Shoemaker, Yiwen Song, et al. "Thermophysical Property Measurement of GaN-on-AlN Wafers for Next-Generation RF Device Technologies." In ASME 2024 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2024-140195.

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Abstract Gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) play a crucial role in modern radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers. However, the performance and reliability of GaN HEMTs are negatively impacted by device self-heating. Hence, it’s imperative to thoroughly characterize the entire thermal resistance network within the material stack to pinpoint any bottleneck resistance components. In this study, a multi-frequency, multi-spot time-domain thermoreflectance measurement approach was used to measure the thermal resistance associated with the constituent layers and interface
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Felts, John T. "Dielectric films deposited with the C-MAG™ sputtering process." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.we1.

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The introduction of the C-MAG™ rotary cathode has ushered in a new era for thin film sputter deposition of silicon oxides and nitrides. For the first time, production large area DC sputtering of both oxides and nitrides of silicon is possible. The coating is deposited at rates consistent with existing glass sputtering lines and produces near stoichiometric films. The thin films are amorphous, resistant to abrasion, adhere well to plastics, metals and glass, and provide a barrier to gases. The combination of the silicon oxide and nitride coatings with Airco Coating Technology's existing sputter
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Boteler, Lauren, Nicholas Jankowski, Bruce Geil, and Patrick McCluskey. "A Micromachined Manifold Microchannel Cooler." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11780.

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An improved MEMS fabricated, manifold microchannel cooler has been developed for single phase liquid, forced convection. The manifold design uses multiple channel sizes to minimize pressure drop, maximize heat transfer, and improve temperature uniformity across the area of the cooled device. A significant reduction is achieved in thermal resistance between the device and the cooling fluid. This is a critical need in modern electronic components because of the increasing demand for higher power levels and packaging densities. This paper discusses improvements in fabrication, alignment procedure
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Reports on the topic "Nitrate of starch"

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Thor, Peter, Karin Olsson, Håkan Wennhage, et al. Marina miljön i 8+fjordar – nuvarande kunskap om ekosystemet och de mänskliga belastningarna. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.utn1p1g09m.

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8+fjordar-området är topografiskt väldigt varierande. Vattenutbytet är långsamt och tillförseln av näringsämnen stor. Största delen av näringsämnen stannar kvar i fjordarna. Mest i Havstens- och Hakefjordar där 40-50 % av den lokala näringstillförseln stannar kvar. Utsläppen från jordbruk och skogsbruk är stora i 8+fjordar-området. T.ex. står dessa för 62 % av kvävetillförseln och 69 % av fosfortillförseln till Byfjorden. Men utsläpp från punktkällor direkt till havet är också betydande (21 % av kvävetillförseln och 19 % av fosfortillförseln till Byfjorden). Man har genom en mängd olika tillta
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