Academic literature on the topic 'Nitrating mixture'

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Journal articles on the topic "Nitrating mixture"

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Adekunle, I. M. "Production of Cellulose Nitrate Polymer from Sawdust." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 3 (2010): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/807980.

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Cellulose nitrate polymer was produced from sawdust of Nigeria origin using a method, which involved alternate alkaline and chlorination treatment to remove non-cellulosic constituents, followed by nitration reaction. The effects of nitrating acid mixture type and composition, nitrating time and nitrating acid mixture to cellulose material ratio on yield and solubility of products were investigated. Results showed that alkaline resistant α -cellulose was extracted and the yield of cellulose nitrate ranged from 35.28 to 96.02%, increasing with acid mixtures HNO3+ AC2O + ACOH < HNO3+ H2SO4+ H
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Chikina, Maya V., Daria A. Kulagina, and Sergey V. Sysolyatin. "Nitration of 2,6,8,12-Tetraacetyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexaazaisowurtzitane Derivatives." Materials 15, no. 22 (2022): 7880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15227880.

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The nitration of novel bioactive derivatives of 2,6,8,12-tetraacetyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane in different nitrating systems was examined. The yield of CL-20, the known product from the nitration of hexaazaisowurtzitane compounds, was found to depend on the nature of substituents at the 4,1 positions and on the composition of the nitrating mixture.
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Surya Prakash, G. K., Laxman Gurung, Kevin E. Glinton, Kavita Belligund, Thomas Mathew, and George A. Olah. "Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-nitrating mixture complex (PVP-NM): solid nitrating mixture equivalent for safe and efficient aromatic nitration." Green Chemistry 17, no. 6 (2015): 3446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc00458f.

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PVP-NM prepared from poly(4-vinylpyridine) and nitrating mixture (1 : 1 mixture of HNO<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) is a safe and effective nitrating agent for both activated and deactivated arenes under mild conditions. The polymer can be retrieved and reused without losing the efficacy.
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Neveu, Kyllian, Laurent Balland, Imed Ben Talouba, Nicolas Brodu, and Nordine Mouhab. "Synthesis of a bio-additive by nitration: Modelling and estimation of kinetic parameters." MATEC Web of Conferences 407 (2025): 01003. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202540701003.

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2-Ethyl Hexyl Nitrate (2-EHN) is commonly used to improve the self-ignition properties of diesel fuels. The objective of this study is to synthesize a bio-based substitute for this molecule by nitrating a biodiesel with a sulfonitric mixture as a nitrating agent. Biodiesel was obtained by transesterification of a vegetable oil. The nitration was carried out in a RC1 calorimetric reactor in semi-batch mode, which allows to study the kinetic and exothermic behaviour of the nitration. The impact of the synthesis temperature on the thermal behaviour and composition of the reaction medium was studi
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Hassan, Maria, Afia Zia, Muhammad Numan Ahmad, et al. "Valorization of banana waste by optimizing nitrocellulose production, yield, and solubility via nitrating acid mixtures and reaction time." Italian Journal of Food Science 36, no. 2 (2024): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v36i2.2559.

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The current research investigated the conversion of banana stem waste into cellulose nitrate, a potential bioplastic precursor. The research is of prime importance in terms of environmental pollution and sustainable development goals. The study aimed to isolate cellulose from banana stems, synthesize nitrocellulose, and assess its stability. Two different methods, that is, Method A, comprising HNO3 and H2SO4, and Method B, comprising HNO3 and P2O5, were applied to synthesize nitrocellulose, each using different acidic mixtures. Method A resulted in high nitrocellulose yield and higher nitrogen
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Martynov, I. V., V. I. Uvarov, V. K. Brel', V. I. Anufriev, and A. V. Yarkov. "Nitration of fluoroethylenes by nitrating mixture (HNO3+H2O4+SO3)." Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Division of Chemical Science 38, no. 12 (1989): 2500–2503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00962433.

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Anguera, Gonzalo, Maria C. Llinàs, Xavier Batllori, and David Sánchez-García. "Aryl nitroporphycenes and derivatives: first regioselective synthesis of dinitroporphycenes." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 15, no. 09n10 (2011): 865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424611003744.

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The nitration reaction of 2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene has been studied. The use of AgNO3 and a mixture of acetic acid and 1,2-dichloroethane as a mild nitrating system provides an optimized preparation of 9-nitro-2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene and a regioselective synthesis of 9,20-dinitro-2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene. While 25 min of reaction are needed to obtain the mononitrated compound, 4 h are necessary to yield a mixture of 9,20-dinitro and 9,19-dinitro 2,7,12,17- tetraphenylporphycene in a proportion of 3 to 1. From this mixture, the geometric isomers can be isolated by fraction
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Алимов, А. Р., В. А. Петров, В. Ф. Мадякин, and А. Б. Лившиц. "INTENSIFICATION OF THE DIFFUSION STAGE OF CELLULOSE NITRATION." Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, no. 5(45) (October 31, 2022): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2022.45.5.004.

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Повышение эффективности технологии и качества нитратов целлюлозы является актуальной задачей в настоящее время. Одним из направлений повышения эффективности является интенсификация отдельных стадий технологического процесса с помощью различных физических и физико-химических воздействий. В данной работе представлены результаты исследования интенсификации диффузионной стадии нитрования целлюлозы термо-вакуум-импульсным методом. Для синтеза нитратов целлюлозы (НЦ) использовали хлопковую целлюлозу марки 35 (ГОСТ 595-79) и штатную нитрующую кислотную смесь (НКС), применяемую для получения низкоазот
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Kolanowska, Anna, Patrycja Wąsik, Wojciech Zięba, Artur Piotr Terzyk, and Sławomir Boncel. "Selective carboxylation versus layer-by-layer unsheathing of multi-walled carbon nanotubes: new insights from the reaction with boiling nitrating mixture." RSC Advances 9, no. 64 (2019): 37608–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra08300f.

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Treatment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a boiling nitrating mixture proceeds via two interrelated phenomena, i.e. periodic-like carboxylation and layer-by-layer desheathing, and overall, it can be controlled by kinetics of the process.
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Sudarma, I. M., A. Shofiati, and M. G. Darmayanti. "Nitration of Methyl Eugenol Derived from Clove Oil." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 1 (2019): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22114.

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No report is available in literature for the nitration of methyl eugenol. The main goal of this work is to find an efficient method for the synthesis of 5-nitro-methyl eugenol. 5-Nitro-methyl eugenol is of considerable importance in the production of other fine chemicals such as 5-amino-methyl eugenol for further chemical synthesis and has also possible to enhance its biological properties and other applications. The methyl eugenol can be prepared from methylation of eugenol which can be isolated from clove oil. In an attempt to synthesize nitro-methyl eugenol in high yield, three different ni
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Book chapters on the topic "Nitrating mixture"

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Clugston, Michael, Malcolm Stewart, and Fabrice Birembaut. "Hydrocarbons: Arenes." In Making the Transition to University Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198757153.003.0019.

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This chapter discusses arenes, a type of hydrocarbon. Benzene is known to be the archetypal arene as it features the original Kekulé structure with alternating double and single bonds. The electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene go in line with the high electron density above and below the benzene ring. Nitration is a particularly vital reaction undergone by benzene. This involves a nitrating mixture of concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Additionally, the electrophilic substitution of Friedel–Crafts acylation involves reagents of acyl chloride and aluminium chloride , the latter which acts as a Lewis acid. On the other hand, the electrophilic substitution of halogenation pertains to how benzene needs a catalyst for halogenation.
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Portius, P., M. Adams, M. Cross, and T. Roseveare. "Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Energetic Nitrobis(Pyrazolyl)Benzenes." In Future Developments in Explosives and Energetics. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788017855-00015.

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Two new energetic nitroaromatic compounds, 1,4-bis(1H-pyrazol-4'-yl)-2,5-dinitrobenzene (H2dpzb(NO2)2) and 1,4-bis(1H-3',5'-dinitropyrazol-4'-yl)-2,5-dinitrobenzene (H2dpzb(NO2)6), were prepared by nitration of 1,4-bis(1H-pyrazol-4'-yl)benzene (H2dpzb) with mixed acid. H2dpzb(NO2)x were isolated as yellow powders in moderate yields. They are stable under ambient conditions, soluble in dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide, but poorly soluble in weakly coordinating solvents, and deflagrate in the heat. Both compounds have been characterised by 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopies as well as by X-ray crystallography. H2dpzb(NO2)x crystallise readily as impact-insensitive dmso or thf solvates. Due to steric crowding at the (pyrazolyl group)–(benzene) bonds, H2dpzb(NO2)x adopt a twisted molecular geometry with extended (x = 2) or localised intermolecular hydrogen-bonding (x = 6) that involve the pyrazolyl H atoms and solvent of crystallisation. H2dpzb(NO2)6 reacts with base to form crystalline [B-H]2[dpzb(NO2)6], B = NEt3, which possesses remarkably high density ([B-H]2[dpzb(NO2)6]), or a powder consisting of Na2dpzb(NO2)6 (B = NaHCO3, crystallised as the coordination polymer Na(dmso)(dpzb(NO2)6). A mixture of H2dpzb(NO2)6, Zn(NO3)2, NEt3, dmso and water afforded the coordination compound [Zn(κ(O)-dmso)6]2[dpzb(NO2)6.
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Portius, P., M. Adams, M. Cross, and T. Roseveare. "Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Energetic Nitrobis(Pyrazolyl)Benzenes." In Future Developments in Explosives and Energetics. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839162350-00015.

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Two new energetic nitroaromatic compounds, 1,4-bis(1H-pyrazol-4'-yl)-2,5-dinitrobenzene (H2dpzb(NO2)2) and 1,4-bis(1H-3',5'-dinitropyrazol-4'-yl)-2,5-dinitrobenzene (H2dpzb(NO2)6), were prepared by nitration of 1,4-bis(1H-pyrazol-4'-yl)benzene (H2dpzb) with mixed acid. H2dpzb(NO2)x were isolated as yellow powders in moderate yields. They are stable under ambient conditions, soluble in dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide, but poorly soluble in weakly coordinating solvents, and deflagrate in the heat. Both compounds have been characterised by 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopies as well as by X-ray crystallography. H2dpzb(NO2)x crystallise readily as impact-insensitive dmso or thf solvates. Due to steric crowding at the (pyrazolyl group)–(benzene) bonds, H2dpzb(NO2)x adopt a twisted molecular geometry with extended (x = 2) or localised intermolecular hydrogen-bonding (x = 6) that involve the pyrazolyl H atoms and solvent of crystallisation. H2dpzb(NO2)6 reacts with base to form crystalline [B-H]2[dpzb(NO2)6], B = NEt3, which possesses remarkably high density ([B-H]2[dpzb(NO2)6]), or a powder consisting of Na2dpzb(NO2)6 (B = NaHCO3, crystallised as the coordination polymer Na(dmso)(dpzb(NO2)6). A mixture of H2dpzb(NO2)6, Zn(NO3)2, NEt3, dmso and water afforded the coordination compound [Zn(κ(O)-dmso)6]2[dpzb(NO2)6.
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Atkins, Peter. "Electronic Warfare: Electrophilic Substitution." In Reactions. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695126.003.0021.

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Benzene, 1, is a hard nut to crack. The hexagonal ring of carbon atoms each with one hydrogen atom attached has a much greater stability than its electronic structure, with an alternation of double and single carbon–carbon bonds, might suggest. But for reasons fully understood by chemists, that very alternation, corresponding to a continuous stabilizing cloud of electrons all around the ring, endows the hexagon with great stability and the ring persists unchanged through many reactions. The groups of atoms attached to the ring, though, may come and go, and the reaction type responsible for replacing them is commonly ‘electrophilic substitution’. Whereas the missiles of Reaction 15 sniff out nuclei by responding to their positive electric charge shining through depleted regions of electron clouds, electrophiles, electron lovers, are missiles that do the opposite. They sniff out the denser regions of electron clouds by responding to their negative charge. Let’s suppose you want to make, for purposes you are perhaps unwilling to reveal, some TNT; the initials denote trinitrotoluene. You could start with the common material toluene, which is a benzene ring with a methyl group (–CH3) in place of one H atom, 2. Your task is to replace three of the remaining ring H atoms with nitro groups, –NO2, to achieve 3. And not just any of the H atoms: you need the molecule to have a symmetrical array of these groups because other arrangements are less stable and therefore dangerous. It is known that a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids contains the species called the ‘nitronium ion’, NO2+, 4, and this is the reagent you will use. Before we watch the reaction itself, it is instructive to see what happens when concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid are mixed. If we stand, suitably protected, in the mixture, we see a sulfuric acid molecule, H2SO4, thrust a proton onto a neighbouring nitric acid molecule, HNO3. (Funnily enough, according to the discussion in Reaction 2, nitric ‘acid’ is now acting as a base, a proton acceptor! I warned you of strange fish in deep waters.) The initial outcome of this transfer is unstable; it spits out an H2O molecule which wanders off into the crowd. We see the result: the formation of a nitronium ion, the agent of nitration and the species that carries out the reaction for you.
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