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Journal articles on the topic 'Nitrating mixture'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Adekunle, I. M. "Production of Cellulose Nitrate Polymer from Sawdust." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 3 (2010): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/807980.

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Cellulose nitrate polymer was produced from sawdust of Nigeria origin using a method, which involved alternate alkaline and chlorination treatment to remove non-cellulosic constituents, followed by nitration reaction. The effects of nitrating acid mixture type and composition, nitrating time and nitrating acid mixture to cellulose material ratio on yield and solubility of products were investigated. Results showed that alkaline resistant α -cellulose was extracted and the yield of cellulose nitrate ranged from 35.28 to 96.02%, increasing with acid mixtures HNO3+ AC2O + ACOH < HNO3+ H2SO4+ H

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2

Chikina, Maya V., Daria A. Kulagina, and Sergey V. Sysolyatin. "Nitration of 2,6,8,12-Tetraacetyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexaazaisowurtzitane Derivatives." Materials 15, no. 22 (2022): 7880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15227880.

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The nitration of novel bioactive derivatives of 2,6,8,12-tetraacetyl-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane in different nitrating systems was examined. The yield of CL-20, the known product from the nitration of hexaazaisowurtzitane compounds, was found to depend on the nature of substituents at the 4,1 positions and on the composition of the nitrating mixture.

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3

Surya Prakash, G. K., Laxman Gurung, Kevin E. Glinton, Kavita Belligund, Thomas Mathew, and George A. Olah. "Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-nitrating mixture complex (PVP-NM): solid nitrating mixture equivalent for safe and efficient aromatic nitration." Green Chemistry 17, no. 6 (2015): 3446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc00458f.

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PVP-NM prepared from poly(4-vinylpyridine) and nitrating mixture (1 : 1 mixture of HNO<sub>3</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) is a safe and effective nitrating agent for both activated and deactivated arenes under mild conditions. The polymer can be retrieved and reused without losing the efficacy.

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Neveu, Kyllian, Laurent Balland, Imed Ben Talouba, Nicolas Brodu, and Nordine Mouhab. "Synthesis of a bio-additive by nitration: Modelling and estimation of kinetic parameters." MATEC Web of Conferences 407 (2025): 01003. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202540701003.

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2-Ethyl Hexyl Nitrate (2-EHN) is commonly used to improve the self-ignition properties of diesel fuels. The objective of this study is to synthesize a bio-based substitute for this molecule by nitrating a biodiesel with a sulfonitric mixture as a nitrating agent. Biodiesel was obtained by transesterification of a vegetable oil. The nitration was carried out in a RC1 calorimetric reactor in semi-batch mode, which allows to study the kinetic and exothermic behaviour of the nitration. The impact of the synthesis temperature on the thermal behaviour and composition of the reaction medium was studi

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5

Hassan, Maria, Afia Zia, Muhammad Numan Ahmad, et al. "Valorization of banana waste by optimizing nitrocellulose production, yield, and solubility via nitrating acid mixtures and reaction time." Italian Journal of Food Science 36, no. 2 (2024): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v36i2.2559.

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The current research investigated the conversion of banana stem waste into cellulose nitrate, a potential bioplastic precursor. The research is of prime importance in terms of environmental pollution and sustainable development goals. The study aimed to isolate cellulose from banana stems, synthesize nitrocellulose, and assess its stability. Two different methods, that is, Method A, comprising HNO3 and H2SO4, and Method B, comprising HNO3 and P2O5, were applied to synthesize nitrocellulose, each using different acidic mixtures. Method A resulted in high nitrocellulose yield and higher nitrogen

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6

Martynov, I. V., V. I. Uvarov, V. K. Brel', V. I. Anufriev, and A. V. Yarkov. "Nitration of fluoroethylenes by nitrating mixture (HNO3+H2O4+SO3)." Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Division of Chemical Science 38, no. 12 (1989): 2500–2503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00962433.

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7

Anguera, Gonzalo, Maria C. Llinàs, Xavier Batllori, and David Sánchez-García. "Aryl nitroporphycenes and derivatives: first regioselective synthesis of dinitroporphycenes." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 15, no. 09n10 (2011): 865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424611003744.

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The nitration reaction of 2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene has been studied. The use of AgNO3 and a mixture of acetic acid and 1,2-dichloroethane as a mild nitrating system provides an optimized preparation of 9-nitro-2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene and a regioselective synthesis of 9,20-dinitro-2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene. While 25 min of reaction are needed to obtain the mononitrated compound, 4 h are necessary to yield a mixture of 9,20-dinitro and 9,19-dinitro 2,7,12,17- tetraphenylporphycene in a proportion of 3 to 1. From this mixture, the geometric isomers can be isolated by fraction

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8

Алимов, А. Р., В. А. Петров, В. Ф. Мадякин, and А. Б. Лившиц. "INTENSIFICATION OF THE DIFFUSION STAGE OF CELLULOSE NITRATION." Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, no. 5(45) (October 31, 2022): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2022.45.5.004.

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Повышение эффективности технологии и качества нитратов целлюлозы является актуальной задачей в настоящее время. Одним из направлений повышения эффективности является интенсификация отдельных стадий технологического процесса с помощью различных физических и физико-химических воздействий. В данной работе представлены результаты исследования интенсификации диффузионной стадии нитрования целлюлозы термо-вакуум-импульсным методом. Для синтеза нитратов целлюлозы (НЦ) использовали хлопковую целлюлозу марки 35 (ГОСТ 595-79) и штатную нитрующую кислотную смесь (НКС), применяемую для получения низкоазот

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9

Kolanowska, Anna, Patrycja Wąsik, Wojciech Zięba, Artur Piotr Terzyk, and Sławomir Boncel. "Selective carboxylation versus layer-by-layer unsheathing of multi-walled carbon nanotubes: new insights from the reaction with boiling nitrating mixture." RSC Advances 9, no. 64 (2019): 37608–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra08300f.

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Treatment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a boiling nitrating mixture proceeds via two interrelated phenomena, i.e. periodic-like carboxylation and layer-by-layer desheathing, and overall, it can be controlled by kinetics of the process.

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10

Sudarma, I. M., A. Shofiati, and M. G. Darmayanti. "Nitration of Methyl Eugenol Derived from Clove Oil." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 1 (2019): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22114.

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No report is available in literature for the nitration of methyl eugenol. The main goal of this work is to find an efficient method for the synthesis of 5-nitro-methyl eugenol. 5-Nitro-methyl eugenol is of considerable importance in the production of other fine chemicals such as 5-amino-methyl eugenol for further chemical synthesis and has also possible to enhance its biological properties and other applications. The methyl eugenol can be prepared from methylation of eugenol which can be isolated from clove oil. In an attempt to synthesize nitro-methyl eugenol in high yield, three different ni

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Горбатова, П. А., Ю. А. Гисматулина, А. А. Корчагина, Н. А. Шавыркина, and В. В. Будаева. "DEPENDENCE OF THE MASS FRACTION OF NITROGEN IN BACTERIAL NANOCELLULOSE NITRATES ON THE WATER CONTENT IN THE NITRATING MIXTURE." Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, no. 5(51) (October 31, 2023): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2023.51.5.009.

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Бактериальная наноцеллюлоза (БНЦ) представляет собой нанополимер с уникальными физико-механическими свойствами, который имеет перспективы в производстве передовых функциональных материалов для различных применений. Функционализация БНЦ, в том числе ее нитрование, относится к фундаментальным областям исследований. В рамках данной работы исследовалась зависимость массовой доли азота в нитратах БНЦ от содержания воды в серно-азотной нитрующей смеси, при этом БНЦ получена с использованием в качестве продуцента симбиотической культуры Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 на глюкозной среде. Образцы БНЦ были п

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12

Lukashov, V., S. Tishchenko, V. Sereda, and A. Artyukhov. "Patterns of the process of starch nitration with nitric acid." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 1 (March 2023): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2023-146-1-66-72.

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The article presents the results of the experimental study on the starch nitration process with aqueous solutions of nitric acid. This nitrating medium has a number of advantages over the nitric and sulfuric acids mixture commonly used in industry, in particular it concerns the chemical stability of resulting starch nitrate. The aim of this work is to establish the dependence of nitration degree of starch on the nitration process parameters, taking into account changes in the chemical composition of its macromolecules. The experimental research method involved the use of ferrous sulfate method

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13

Vedyagin, Alexey A., Anton Koskin, and Ilya Mishakov. "In search of efficient catalysts and appropriate reaction conditions for gas phase nitration of benzene." Resource-Efficient Technologies, no. 3 (September 19, 2016): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24056529/2016/3/56.

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The present paper is dedicated to the development of a method for the nitrobenzene production using solid acid catalysts, as an alternative to industrial nitration, based on a mixture of concentrated acids. The influence of key parameters of the nitration process (temperature, reagent flow rate, nitrating agent concentration etc.) on the conversion of the initial substrate, the degree of decomposition of nitric acid and the quantity ofresulting oxygenates was studied. Recommendations for the selection of effective catalytic systems (high content of Brønsted acid sites with Ho < −4, high spe

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14

Maślankiewicz, Maria J., Maria Jaworska та Piotr Lodowski. "Competition betweenS-oxidation and nitration in reactions of some β- and γ-quinolinyl sulfides with nitrating mixture". Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 44, № 5 (2007): 1091–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570440518.

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15

Kyprianou, Dimitris, Michael Berglund, Giovanni Emma, et al. "Synthesis of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) Using Flow Chemistry." Molecules 25, no. 16 (2020): 3586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163586.

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This paper describes the nitration of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and its conversion to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) at a gram scale with the use of a fully automated flow chemistry system. The conversion of DNT to TNT traditionally requires the use of highly hazardous reagents like fuming sulfuric acid (oleum), fuming nitric acid (90–100%), and elevated temperatures. Flow chemistry offers advantages compared to conventional syntheses including a high degree of safety and simpler multistep automation. The configuration and development of this automated process based on a commercially available flo

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16

Syroeshkin, M. A., O. A. Panchenko, and O. I. Titova. "Reaction of wheat-straw structural components with a nitrating mixture containing trifluoroacetic acid." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 42, no. 5 (2006): 592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-006-0221-4.

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17

Kulyukhin, S. A., E. P. Krasavina, A. V. Gordeev, A. F. Seliverstov, Yu O. Zakharova, and Yu M. Nevolin. "Recycling of polyethylene terephthalate wastes under the action of a gaseous nitrating mixture." Russian Chemical Bulletin 69, no. 5 (2020): 1022–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11172-020-2863-y.

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18

Gorbatova, P. A., A. A. Korchagina, Yu A. Gismatulina, N. A. Shavyrkina, and V. V. Budaeva. "Properties of cellulose nitrates produced by nitration of bacterial cellulose using mixed sulfuric-nitric acids." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 14, no. 2 (2024): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/achb.915.

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The study set out to investigate the chemical functionalization of bacterial cellulose as an alternative means of satisfying the high demand for nano-sized cellulose nitrates. Using a Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 symbiotic culture as a microbial producer, bacterial cellulose having a polymerization degree of 3950 was obtained on a synthetic glucose medium. Nitration was carried out using mixed sulfuric-nitric acids differing in their water content, followed by stabilization of the synthesized bacterial cellulose nitrates. Subject to a varying water content (14, 16 and 20 %) in the nitrating mixtu

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19

MASLANKIEWICZ, M. J. "ChemInform Abstract: Thioquinanthrene 7-Oxide from a Reaction of Thioquinanthrene with a Nitrating Mixture." ChemInform 24, no. 38 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199338217.

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20

Ильясов, Д. С., Е. О. Шестакова, and С. Г. Ильясов. "INVESTIGATION OF THE PROPERTIES OF NITRATE ALCOHOLS-TELOMERES." Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, no. 6(52) (December 31, 2023): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2023.52.6.038.

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Нитраты спиртов-теломеров представляют интерес в качестве пластификаторов для полимеров, в том числе и для фторопласта Ф-42Л, который является как легко, так и труднорастворимым растворителем при создании высокоэнергетических композиций. В статье рассмотрен синтез нитратов спиртов-теломеров реакцией нитрования серно-азотной нитрующей смесью. Структура нитратов спиртов-теломеров подтверждена методами ИК- и ЯМР-спектроскопии. Исследованиями методом DTA (DSC, TGA) показано, что нитраты спиртов-теломеров являются устойчивыми летучими соединениями при нагревании, образовывают пластификаты с фторопл

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21

R., JOEL KARUNAKARAN, MATHEWS MARIAM, and GOPALAN R. "Kinetics of Iodination of Naphthalene and 1-Methylnaphthalene in presence of Nitric and Sulphuric Acids." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 68, Oct 1991 (1991): 568–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6154095.

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Department of Chemistry, Madras Chritistian College, Tambatam, Madras-600 059 <em>Manuscript received 6 December 1990, revised 10 September 1991, accepted 4 October 1991</em> Kinetics of Iodination of Naphthalene and 1-Methylnaphthalene in presence of Nitric and Sulphuric Acids.

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22

Gornostaev, L. M., E. V. Nuretdinova, T. I. Lavrikova, Yu G. Khalyavina, I. S. Kryukovskaya, and Yu V. Gatilov. "Transformations of 2-alkylamino-1,4-naphthoquinones under the action of nitrating mixture in acetic acid." Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 51, no. 12 (2015): 1733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s107042801512012x.

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23

Gornostaev, Leonid M. "Synthesis of 5-hydroxy-10-R-benzo[a]phenazine-12-oxides by cyclization of 2-arylamino-1,4-naphthoquinone-1-oximes under the action of nitrating mixture." Butlerov Communications 61, no. 2 (2020): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-61-2-12.

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The synthesis of рolycyclic quinoid compounds, which exhibit a wide range of biological activity is one of the most promising and actively developing areas of the fine organic synthesis. Heterocyclic compounds including those that can be donors of nitrogen oxide NO occupy a special place among biologically active structures. These substances include a number of N-oxides, e.g., 1,2-diazet-1,2-dioxides, furoxanes and their benzo analogs, and N,N′-pyrazole dioxides. The reason for the high biological activity of N-oxides of nitrogenous heterocycles, which cannot easily generate nitrogen oxide NO

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24

Barrett, David, Philip D. Bentley, and Trevor R. Perrior. "Generation and Trapping of Acyl Nitrile Oxides from Substituted Aryl 1,3 Diketones in a Nitrating Mixture." Synthetic Communications 26, no. 18 (1996): 3401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919608003743.

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25

BARRETT, D., P. D. BENTLEY, and T. R. PERRIOR. "ChemInform Abstract: Generation and Trapping of Acyl Nitrile Oxides from Substituted Aryl 1, 3-Diketones in a Nitrating Mixture." ChemInform 27, no. 49 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199649074.

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26

Chrobak, Elwira, and Andrzej Maślankiewicz. "Reactions of 4-dimethylamino-3-quinolinyl sulfides with nitrating mixture and transamination of 4-dimethylamino-3-methylsulfinyl-6-nitroquinoline." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 45, no. 4 (2008): 1171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570450436.

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27

Lakhmanov, D. E., Yu G. Khabarov, V. A. Veshnyakov, and M. R. Yokubjanov. "Nitration of Hydrolysis Lignin in Water-Aprotic Solvent Mixtures." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 5 (November 5, 2020): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2020-5-184-192.

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Industrial lignins are formed from native lignins during chemical or biochemical processing of plant raw materials. Lignins can be modified to produce valuable products, including monomers, polymeric materials, and composites. The article presents the results of a study of hydrolysis lignin nitration under various conditions. The aim of the study was to obtain a nitrated hydrolysis lignin with a maximum yield and maximum nitrogen content. Therefore, the nitration was carried out using nitric acid in a water-aprotic solvent binary mixtures (1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dime

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28

Bachinskii, S. Yu, Yu V. Ishkov, V. Ch Kravtsov, and S. A. Andronati. "SUBSTITUTED AMINOCHALCONES AS STARTING COMPOUNDS FOR RECEIVING NEW 1,4-BENZODIAZEPINES DERIVATIVES." Odesa National University Herald. Chemistry 27, no. 2(82) (2022): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2304-0947.2022.2(82).264891.

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The aim of this work is the synthesis of a number of substituted E‑1-(2-amino‑5-R1-phenyl)-3-(4-R2-phenyl)prop‑2-en‑1-ones (2-aminochalcones) as precursors for obtaining new derivatives of 7-R1–5-[2-R2-phenylvinyl]-1,4-benzodiazepin‑2-ones. Starting 5-substituted 2-aminoacetophenones with bromo and nitro group were synthesized from 2-aminoacetophenone by bromination of the latter with N‑bromosuccinimide in acetonitrile and nitration of 2-acetaminoacetophenone with a nitrating mixture followed by removal of acetyl protection. 2-Aminochalcones were synthesized according to standard methods durin

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Yutilov, Yu M., and N. N. Smolyar. "Transformation of 3,4-bis(formylamino)pyridine into 4-nitro-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-c]pyridine 2-oxide in the reaction with nitrating mixture." Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 40, no. 10 (2004): 1526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11178-005-0055-8.

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30

Yermagambet, B. T., M. K. Kazankapova, Zh M. Kassenova, and A. T. Nauryzbayeva. "OBTAINING DERIVATIVES OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES FROM OXIDIZED COAL AND STUDY OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND ADSORPTION PROPERTIES." SERIES CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 444 (2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1491.98.

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In the work, a chemical analysis of humic substances based on oxidized coal of the Maikuben basin (Kazakhstan) is carried out. Humic acids were obtained on the basis of potassium humates by acidification with a 20% acid solution to pH = 3-4.5. The optimal conditions for obtaining nitrohumic acids from oxidized coals are: the duration of the process is 3 hours, the ratio of S:L = 1:5, the content of nitric acid is 64%, sulfuric acid is 96% and the composition of the nitrating mixture is 1:1 (g/g). Amminohumic derivatives were obtained in the presence of a 3% aqueous solution of ammonia using me

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Abduazimov, Botir Bakhodirovich, Oskars Eduardovich Bikovens, Brigita Yanovna Neiberte, and Ravshanjon Muratdjanovich Khalilov. "CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HYDROLITIC LIGNINS OF RICE HUSKS, WOOD SAWDUST, COTTON SEED HUSKS OF HYDROLYSIS PLANTS UZBEKISTAN AND OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR OBTAINING WATER-SOLUBLE NITROLIGNIN." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 2 (May 15, 2024): 76–88. https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240213170.

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The chemical composition of hydrolysis lignins of rice husks (HLRH), wood sawdust (HLWS), and cottonseed husks (HLCSH) taken from the dumps of hydrolysis plants in the Republic of Uzbekistan has been studied. It was found that in HLRH, the ash content (23.9%) is higher than in HLCSH (3.72%) and HLWS (3.83%), and the content of Klason lignin is lower (41.2%) than in HLCSH (79.3%) and HLWS (68.9%). The content of elemental carbon (C) minus the ash content in HLCSH turned out to be higher than in HLWS and HLRH. The content of H, O, S and N mainly varies depending on the plant source and the profi

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32

Appleton, TG, LR Gahan, and PJ Oliver. "Isolation, X-Ray Crystal Structure and 59Co Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectral Investigation of the Partially Nitrated Cobalt(III) Acetylacetonato Complex [Co(acac)2(NO2acac)]." Australian Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 5 (1992): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9920797.

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The complex [Co( acac )2(NO2acac)] has been isolated after fractional crystallization from a reaction mixture of [Co( acac )3] and nitrating agent. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1, with c 14.557(2) � , α 78.98(1), β 83.71(2), γ75.32(1)° and Z 2. The structure refined to a final R value of 0.074 for 2287 'observed' [I > 3 σ(I)] reflections. The structure consists of discrete complex molecules with the cobalt atom surrounded by six oxygen atoms at the corners of a distorted octahedron. The NO2 group is twisted at 50.7� to the chelate ring on which it is situated and h

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Aqeel, Yousuf, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Ayaz Anwar, Muhammad Raza Shah, Shahrukh Khoja, and Naveed Ahmed Khan. "Photochemotherapeutic Strategy against Acanthamoeba Infections." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 6 (2015): 3031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.05126-14.

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ABSTRACTAcanthamoebais a protist pathogen that can cause serious human infections, including blinding keratitis and a granulomatous amoebic encephalitis that almost always results in death. The current treatment for these infections includes a mixture of drugs, and even then, a recurrence can occur. Photochemotherapy has shown promise in the treatment ofAcanthamoebainfections; however, the selective targeting of pathogenicAcanthamoebahas remained a major concern. The mannose-binding protein is an important adhesin expressed on the surface membranes of pathogenicAcanthamoebaorganisms. To specif

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ANDREKOPOULOS, Christopher, Hao ZHANG, Joy JOSEPH, Shasi KALIVENDI, and B. KALYANARAMAN. "Bicarbonate enhances alpha-synuclein oligomerization and nitration: intermediacy of carbonate radical anion and nitrogen dioxide radical." Biochemical Journal 378, no. 2 (2004): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20031466.

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α-Synuclein, a neuronal presynaptic protein, has been reported to undergo oligomerization to form toxic Lewy bodies in neurodegenerative disorders. One of the proposed mechanisms for aggregation of α-synuclein involves oxidative and nitrative modifications. In the present study, we show that addition of 3-morpholino-sydnonimine chloride (SIN-1) or slow infusion of pre-formed peroxynitrite (ONOO−) to mixtures containing α-synuclein and HCO3− markedly enhanced both nitration and aggregation of α-synuclein through dityrosine formation. Bicarbonate-dependent peroxidase activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide

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35

Rastuti, Undri, Jumina Jumina, and Sabirin Matsjeh. "SINTESIS 6-NITRO VERATRALDEHID (3,4-DIMETOKSI-6-NITRO BENZALDEHID) DARI VANILIN DENGAN HNO3 DAN CAMPURAN HNO3-H2SO4." Molekul 4, no. 2 (2009): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2009.4.2.64.

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The synthesis of 6-nitro veratraldehyde from vanillin was used HNO3 and a mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4. The reaction steps were (I) methylation of vanillin and (2) nitration of the methylation product. Methylation of vanillin was conducted using dimetnylsulfate and NaOH at 60 0C for 2 hours. Nitration of the methylation product was performed in two methods, which using HN03 and using a mixture of HN03 and H2SO4 both at 5 0C for 2 hours. The products were analyzed by means of TLC, GC; IR, 1H-NMR and GC-MS spectrometers.The methylation of vanillin gave 87.7 % yield of veratraldehyde which was found

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Artemov, A. V., E. A. Veretennikov, and I. V. Tselinskii. "Heterophase nitration of o-nitrotoluene with sulfuric-nitric acid mixtures of low nitrating activity in gas-containing emulsions." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 80, no. 11 (2007): 1871–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427207110183.

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Firdaus, Firdaus, Jumina Jumina, and Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo. "SYNTHESIS AND CONFORMATION OF p-(AMINO)BUTOXYCALIX[4]ARENE." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2010): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21712.

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Derivatization of 5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]-arene to 5,11,17,23-tetra-amino-25,26,27,28-tetrabutoxycalix[4]arene compound via etherification, ipso nitration, and reduction reactions, respectively has been conducted. The etherification reaction was carried out by refluxed the mixture of 5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxy-calix[4]arene, 1-bromobutane, NaI, and NaH in solvent mixture of THF-DMF (10:1 v/v) and nitrogen atmosphere for 4 hours to resulted 5,11,17,23-tetra-t-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrabutoxycalix[4]-arene 84% in yield; ipso nitration reactio

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Lyapunova, Maria V., and Victor S. Malkov. "Experimental Comparison of 2-methylimidazole Nitration by Nitric Acid and Nitrate Salts of Alkali Metals." Advanced Materials Research 1085 (February 2015): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1085.143.

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The processes of nitration of 2-methylimidazole to produce 2-methyl-4(5)-nitroimidazole are considered in this paper. The processes of nitration by mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids and nitrate salts of alkali metals were compared. It was found the nitration of nitrate salts of alkali metal proceeds smoother. The yield of the desired product 2-methyl-4(5)-nitroimidazole was 85 % and 95% in case of nitric acid and nitrate salt.

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Jumina, Jumina, Undri Rastuti, and Sabirin Matsjeh. "SYNTHESIS OF 6-NITRO VERATRYL ALCOHOL AND 6-NITRO VERATRALDOXIM FROM VANILIN AS INTERMEDIATES FOR THE PREPARATION OF C-9154 ANTIBIOTIC DERVATIVES." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 3, no. 1 (2010): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21900.

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The synthesis of 6-nitro veratryl alcohol and 6-nitro veratraldoxim from vanilin which was required as intermediates for the preparation of C-9154 antibiotic derivatives was carried out. C-9154 antibiotic is a sufficiently potent antibiotic, but so far this is produced only in low yields through microbiological processes. The reaction steps performed were (1) methylation of vanilin, (2) nitration of the methylation product, (3) reduction of the corresponding nitro compound and (4) reaction of the nitration product with HO-NH2.HCl. Methylation of vanilin was conducted using dimethylsulfate and

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40

Cucu (Diaconu), Dumitrela, and Violeta Mangalagiu. "Pyridine-Imidazlolium Salts: Oxidatively Cleavage of N-C Bond via Nitration." Molbank 2019, no. 4 (2019): M1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1095.

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Azaheterocycles derivatives with pyridine-imidazole skeleton are compounds of great value for medicinal chemistry. We report herein the nitration of 1,1′-(pyridine-2,6-diylbis(methylene))bis{3-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-1H-imidazol-3-ium} bromide using a typical mixture of nitric and sulphuric acid. The nitration occur with the oxidative cleavage of N–C bond between imidazolium ring and methylene group.

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Bui Anh Thuc, Minh Thanh Vu, Kim Dao Pham, Nguyen Duc Long, and Hai Thuong Cao. "N-Guanylurea dinitramide: Optimal synthesis process, basic properties and spectroscopic data." Journal of Military Science and Technology 95, no. 95 (2024): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.95.2024.55-63.

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N-Guanylurea dinitramide (GUDN), also known as FOX-12, is indeed a fascinating organic dinitramide salt with high insensitivity and good thermal stability. It shows great promise for use in next-generation insensitive munitions. In this study, GUDN was synthesized through the nitration reaction of ammonium sulfamate salt with an acid mixture (HNO3/H2SO4) and guanylurea salts in water. The optimal conditions for this synthesis have been determined, including reaction temperature at -40 oC, the nitration reaction time of 45 minutes, and specific molar ratios of the components, which include guan

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Mustikasari, Kamilia, Abdullah Abdullah, and Meilina H. K. "Pengaruh Penambahan H2SO4 dan Perubahan Temperatur pada Nitrasi Metil Risinoleat." ALCHEMY 5, no. 4 (2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/al.v5i4.4312.

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NNitration on methyl ricinoleate can produce an additive for improving the cetane number of diesel oil. This article describes the effect of the addition of the H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and temperature variations on the concentration of nitration products. Nitration process on methyl ricinoleate was carried out by using a mixture of nitric acid, acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid. Based on GC analysis, it can be concluded that the nitration of methyl ricinoleate with an increasing amount of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> tend to reduce concentrat

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Abdullah, Abdullah, D. R. Wicakso, A. B. Junaidi, and Badruzsaufari Badruzsaufari. "PRODUCTION OF CETANE IMPROVER FROM Jathropa curcas OIL." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 3 (2010): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21449.

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Nitration of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil using mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4 had been done in an attempt to obtain a cetane improver or cetane number enhancer. The nitration was carried out by varying the numbers of moles of sulphuric acid, nitric acid, temperature and time. The process was conducted in a round bottom flask reactor that equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a ball cooler on a water batch. The mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3 was placed in the reactor and subsequently added slowly with biodiesel drop by drop. The results showed that increasing the mole numbers of sulphuric acid tend

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Jin, Peng Gang, Song Tao Ren, Hong Tao Xu, Xi Bo Jiang, Hong Bin Li, and Xiao Feng Wang. "The Critical Temperature of N-Nitro-Dihydroxyethylami Nitration Reaction." Key Engineering Materials 881 (April 2021): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.881.101.

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The nitration reaction is one kind of important reaction in many synthetic chemical reactions. The reaction with a high temperature releases a lot of heat and is easy to get out of control. The energetic materials is the main ingredients of the reaction mixture in late of nitrification of energy-containing materials, the accident about burn or rapid energy release will happen once the reaction is out of hand. There are so many thermal safety studies of energy materials, but the thermal safety research about energy material nitrification production line is not reported. Using the designed multi

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Mikus, Agnieszka, Mariusz Rosa та Stanisław Ostrowski. "Isomers of β,β-Dinitro-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin Derivatives: Valuable Starting Materials for Further Transformations". Molecules 24, № 5 (2019): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050838.

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The synthesis, chromatographic isolation, and structure elucidation of β,β-substituted isomers of dinitro-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin complexes are described. meso-Tetraphenyl-porphyrin chelates (CuII, NiII, CoII) upon reaction wit e.g., nitric acid (yellow HNO3, d = 1.52, diluted to 25–50%) in CHCl3 formed a mixture of nitro-derivatives with combined yields of ca 80%. This nitration (under optimized conditions: 25–30% HNO3, 30–40 min, r.t.) can be carried out selectively to give mainly β,β-dinitro-compounds in yields of up to 73%. From the above mixtures of five possible regioisomers that

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46

Calvert, JL, JLM Gordon, MP Hartshorn, WT Robinson, and GJ Wright. "The Nitration of Tetrachlorocatechol and 3,4,6-Trichloro-5-methylcatechol. The Formation of 1-Hydroxycyclopent-3-enecarboxylic Acids." Australian Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 4 (1992): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9920713.

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Reaction of tetrachlorocatechol (la) with nitric acid (d 1.48) gives the ring-contracted hydroxy dinitro acid (4), which was isolated as its ether solvate. Similar nitration of 3,4,6-trichloro-5-methylcatechol (lb) gives a mixture of stereoisomeric hydroxy dinitro acids (5), from which the methoxy methyl ester (8) can be isolated after methylation of the mixture with diazomethane. X-Ray crystal structure determinations are reported for the etherate of hydroxy dinitro acid (4) and the methoxy methyl ester (8).

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Ong, Beng S., Barkev Keoshkerian, Trevor I. Martin, and Gordon K. Hamer. "Synthesis, molecular and electron transport properties of 2-alkyltrinitrofluoren-9-ones." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 1 (1985): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-024.

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2-Alkyltrinitrofluoren-9-ones 2 were conveniently synthesized by controlled nitration of 2-alkylfluoren-9-ones 5 with a mixture of red fuming HNO3 and concentrated H2SO4 at 0–25 °C. The precursors 5 were derived from the corresponding 2-acylfluorenes by appropriate reduction of the acyl function, followed by base-catalysed O2-oxidation at the C-9 position. The regiochemistry of nitration was interesting: with a sterically bulky substituent in 5, nitration occurred at C-4, -5, and -7 positions, affording 2-alkyl-4,5,7-trinitrofluoren-9-one in over 35% yield; on the other hand, 5 with a primary

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48

Elita Carneiro, Mayara, Marina Stygar Lopes, Anna Luisa Franco Baumel de Andrade, Silvana Nisgoski, and Graciela Inês Bolzon de Muniz. "CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE AND CELLULOSE NITRATE NANOFILMSSE." FLORESTA 49, no. 2 (2019): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v49i2.56909.

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The objective of this work was the characterization of cellulose and cellulose nitrate nanofilms from the mixture of Kraft pulps of Pinus sp. and Eucalyptus sp. bleached. The production of nanocellulose was made by mechanical processing. To obtain the cellulose nitrate, the nitration was carried out in part of the produced nanocellulose. The characterizations were performed by means of scanning electron microscopy, medium infrared spectroscopy, tensile strength and absorption assay. The results demonstrate that there was influence of nitration in the characteristics of the films produced. The

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Pham, Quang Hieu, Anh Thuc Bui, Duc Long Nguyen, and Kim Dao Pham. "Research on optimizing the synthesis of ammonium dinitramide." Journal of Military Science and Technology, no. 84 (December 28, 2022): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.84.2022.50-57.

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Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is one of the potential oxidants in solid propellant formulations because it is environmentally friendly, has a high specific impulse, and has minimum signature exhaust gases. ADN was synthesized through the nitration reaction of potassium sulfamate salt with a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. The optimal conditions for the synthesis were studied, such as the ratio of components, reaction temperature, and reaction time. Specifically, the nitration reaction temperature was -40 oC, the ntration reaction time was 30 minutes, the molar ratio of potassium sulfama

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Křenek, Karel, Petr Šimon, Lenka Weignerová, Barbora Fliedrová, Marek Kuzma та Vladimír Křen. "Facile synthesis of nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-mannopyranosides from ManNAc-oxazoline". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (20 березня 2012): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.48.

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The synthetic procedures for a large-scale preparation of o- and p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-mannopyranoside are described. The synthetic pathway employs the glycosylation of phenol with ManNAc oxazoline, followed by nitration of the aromatic moiety yielding a separable mixture of the o- and p-nitrophenyl derivative in a 2:3 ratio.

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