Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nitro derivative'

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2233780 bytes, checksum: 36fd18af67f2bd8e2c76af844131f20c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-27<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Heterocyclic compounds are the biggest sources of synthetic drugs and have grown exponentially with important applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Amongst the heterocyclic compounds, it has been highlighted the thiophenes category and its derivatives, which call attention for presenting important pharmacological actions, especially analgesic and the anti-inflammatory ones. The present study aims to investigate the Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory activity and acute pre-clinical from tiophenic derivative 6CN10. The behavioral pharmacological screening of treated animals (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) showed changes, such as analgesia and ambulation reduction. There was no death of animals or the presence of toxic signs. From the pharmacological screening was determined the use of three doses (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) for other studies. In the Rota rod and open field tests, there were no changes in the motor coordination of animals, discarding the possibility of a myorelaxant effect. Through models of nociception inducers, such as the abdominal constriction induced by acetic acid, formalin and hot plate, it was noticed a dose-dependent Antinociceptive activity of 6CN10. Such effect did not show itself to be associated to the opioid via of central analgesia, once this derivative did not produce any significant effect in the hot plate test, and because it has not been blocked by naloxone, an pattern antagonist opioid. The 6CN10 inhibited significantly the time of paw licking in both phases of the formalin test, especially at the inflammatory phase, being needed an analysis of the anti-inflammatory activity of the derivative. For this purpose, it was used the model of induced peritonitis by carrageenan, where there was inhibition of neutrophil migration to the intra-peritoneal cavity of treated animals, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory activity of 6CN10. In the acute toxicological study after treatment with the dosage of 1000 mg/kg 6CN10, it was observed a reduction in the food intake and in the body weight in females. The examined hematological parameters remained unaffected. The treatment was able to raise levels of ALT and AST, in both sexes, corroborating with histopathological findings that showed evidence of Hepatotoxicity. The kidneys, heart and lungs showed no histological particularities. Therefore, the results presented in this study showed a promising effect of 6CN10 as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory substance, however its security should be better investigated.<br>Os compostos heterocíclicos são as maiores fontes de fármacos sintéticos e têm crescido exponencialmente apresentando importantes aplicações na indústria farmacêutica. Entre os compostos heterocíclicos destacamos a classes dos tiofenos e seus derivados, que despertam grande interesse por apresentarem ações farmacológicas importantes, sobretudo, analgésica e antiinflamatória. O presente estudo se propôs a investigar a atividade antinociceptiva, antiinflamatória e a toxicidade pré-clínica aguda do derivado tiofênico 6CN10. A triagem farmacológica comportamental dos animais tratados (250, 500 e 1000 mg/kg) demonstrou alterações, tais como, analgesia e redução da ambulação. Não houve morte dos animais, nem presença de sinais tóxicos. A partir da triagem farmacológica determinou-se a utilização de três doses (25, 50 e 100 mg/kg) para os demais estudos. Nos testes de rota rod e campo aberto, não foram observadas alterações na coordenação motora dos animais, descartando a possibilidade de um efeito miorelaxante. Por meio de modelos indutores de nocicepção, como os testes das contorções abdominais induzidas por ácido acético, da formalina e da placa quente, foi observado uma atividade antinociceptiva dose-dependente de 6CN10. Tal efeito não demonstrou associar-se à via opióide de analgesia central, uma vez que este derivado não produziu efeito significativo no teste da placa quente, e por não ter sido bloqueado pela naloxona, um antagonista opióide padrão. 6CN10 inibiu significativamente o tempo de lambedura da pata em ambas as fases do teste formalina, sobretudo na fase inflamatória, se fazendo necessário uma análise da atividade antiinflamatória do derivado. Para este fim, utilizou-se o modelo de peritonite induzida pela carragenina, onde houve inibição da migração de neutrófilos para a cavidade intraperitoneal dos animais tratados, demonstrando a atividade antiinflamatória do 6CN10. No estudo toxicológico agudo após tratamento com a dose de 1000 mg/kg de 6CN10, foi observado redução da ingestão de alimentos e peso corpóreo nas fêmeas tratadas. Os parâmetros hematológicos analisados permaneceram inalterados. O tratamento foi capaz de elevar os níveis de ALT e AST, em ambos os sexos, corroborando com os achados histopatológicos que mostraram indícios de hepatotoxicidade. Os rins, coração e pulmões não apresentaram particularidades histológicas. Portanto, os resultados apresentados neste estudo evidenciaram um efeito promissor de 6CN10 como substância analgésica e antiinflamatória, contudo a sua segurança deve ser melhor investigada.

Les réactions multicomposantes jouent un rôle important en chimie organique. Ce sont des réactions qui mettent en jeu au moins trois réactifs de départ et qui permettent d’obtenir des produits considérés comme des éléments intéressants pour la synthèse de molécules complexes ou de composés bioactifs. Grâce à leur versatilité, ces réactions sont considérées comme des outils précieux pour la préparation de bibliothèques de composés organiques dans le domaine de la recherche pharmaceutique et de la synthèse de produits naturels.La réaction de Passerini, combinée à une addition de Michael et à une cyclisation, a permis un accès facile à des γ-butyrolactones avec de bons rendements. Les adduits de Passerini issus d’aldéhydes aromatiques ont été utilisés comme nucléophiles lors d’additions de Michael avec l'acrylonitrile. La réaction s’est déroulée conjointement avec l'hydrolyse de l'ester. Les γ-hydroxynitriles résultant ont pu être cyclisés dans des conditions acides pour former des γ-butyrolactones.Les NH-aryl hydrazones dérivées du trifluoroacétaldéhyde hémiacétal ont pu être impliquées dans des réactions de type Mannich efficaces avec le formaldéhyde et des aldéhydes aromatiques. Les hydrazones résultantes sont des blocs de construction utiles pour la préparation de dérivés 1,2-diazine substitués par un groupement trifluorométhyle sous chauffage avec des β-cetoesters.Enfin, des dérivés naphtalèniques ont pu être obtenus par une réaction de Tsuji-Trost. Le méchanisme de cette réaction passe par la formation d'un complexe -allylique de palladium suivi d'une élimination d’hydrure en  favorisée par une base. Cette réaction, combinée avec la condensation de cétones cycliques avec le nitrométhane et la fonctionnalisation des nitrocycloalcènes résultants (Michael, Mannich ...), constituent un outil synthétique très puissant pour la synthèse de naphtalènes 1-substitués<br>Multicomponent reactions play a significant role in organic chemistry. They allow the reaction occur between three or more starting materials, providing adducts which are considered as elements for the syntheses of complex molecules with bioactive compounds. Benifiting from their diversity, these reactions are considered as valuable tools for the preparation of libraries of organic structures in the pharmaceutical research and total synthesis of natural products field.The Passerini reaction, combined with Michael addition and cyclisation, served an easy access to γ-butyrolactones with good yields. The Passerini adducts of aromatic aldehydes act as nucleophiles in Michael additions with acrylonitrile. The reaction proceeds together with hydrolysis of the ester. The resulting γ-hydroxynitrile can be cyclized under acidic conditions to afford γ- butyrolactones.The NH-aryl hydrazones derived from trifluoroacetaldehyde hemiacetal can be involved in efficient Mannich type reactions with formaldehyde and aromatic aldehydes. The resulting hydrazones are useful building blocks for the preparation of trifluoromethyl substituted 1,2-diazine derivatives under heating with β-ketoesters.Moreover, naphthalene derivatives may be obtained through Tsuji-Trost reaction. This reaction may involve the formation of a palladium p-allyl complex followed by a base promoted β-hydride elimination. This reaction combined with the condensation of fused cyclic ketones with nitromethane and the functionalization of the resulting nitrocycloalkenes (Michael, Mannich...) constitute a very powerful synthetic tool for the formation of 1-substituted naphtalenes