Journal articles: 'Nitrobenzyle chloride'

1

Park, Kyoung-Ho, Chan Joo Rhu, Jin Burm Kyong, and Dennis N. Kevill. "The Effect of the ortho Nitro Group in the Solvolysis of Benzyl and Benzoyl Halides." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 16 (August 18, 2019): 4026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20164026.

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A kinetic study was carried out on the solvolysis of o-nitrobenzyl bromide (o-isomer, 1) and p-nitrobenzyl bromide (p-isomer, 3), and o-nitrobenzoyl chloride (o-isomer, 2) in a wide range of solvents under various temperatures. In all of the solvents without aqueous fluoroalcohol, the reactions of 1 were solvolyzed at a similar rate to those observed for 3, and the reaction rates of 2 were about ten times slower than those of the previously studied p-nitrobenzoyl chloride (p-isomer, 4). For solvolysis in aqueous fluoroalcohol, the reactivity of 2 was kinetically more reactive than 4. The l/m values of the extended Grunwald–Winstein (G–W) equation for solvolysis of 1 and 2 in solvents without fluoroalcohol content are all significantly larger than unity while those in all the fluoroalcohol solvents are less than unity. The role of the ortho-nitro group as an intramolecular nucleophilic assistant (internal nucleophile) in the solvolytic reaction of 1 and 2 was discussed. The results are also compared with those reported earlier for o-carbomethoxybenzyl bromide (5) and o-nitrobenzyl p-toluenesulfonate (7). From the product studies and the activation parameters for solvolyses of 1 and 2 in several organic hydroxylic solvents, mechanistic conclusions are drawn.

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2

Look, Kai, and Robert K. Norris. "Formation by SRN1 Reactions and 1H N.M.R. Properties of Sterically Encumbered 2,4,6-Trialkylphenyl p-Nitrobenzyl Sulfides." Australian Journal of Chemistry 52, no. 11 (1999): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch99080.

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Sterically hindered p-nitrobenzylic chlorides (1) and (2) react with the sodium salts of 2,4,6-trialkylbenzenethiols (3a)–(5a) by the SRN1 reaction to give good yields of the corresponding p-nitrobenzylic aryl sulfides (6)–(10). For example, the reaction of sodium 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenethiolate (4b) with α-t-butyl-a-methyl-p-nitrobenzyl chloride (2) gives the sulfide (10) in over 80% yield after 2 h at room temperature in Me2SO. Only in reactions involving 2,4,6-tri-t-butylbenzenethiol (5a) are low yields or failed reactions encountered. Qualitative examination of the dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the sulfides prepared in these reactions shows that up to three restricted rotational phenomena can be identified. These are rotation about the benzylic-carbon to p-nitrophenyl ring bond, rotation about the sulfur to aromatic ring bond, and rotation about the bond joining the t-butyl group to the benzylic carbon. The last phenomenon produces, in the sulfide (9), the relatively rare and unusual situation wherein the t-butyl group appears as three distinct methyl resonances at low temperatures.

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Matyushkina, Yulia I., and Alexandr A. Shabarin. "EXTRACTION OF ANIONIC CADMIUM COMPLEXES WITH ORGANIC SOLUTIONS OF QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 10 (September 8, 2020): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206310.6224.

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The anion-exchange extraction of thiocyanate, chloride and iodide cadmium complexes by solutions of quaternary ammonium salts chlorides in organic solvents (toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, nitrobenzene) was studied. Extraction involves solutions of alkyl dimethylbenzylammonium chlorides (R-N+(CH3)2-CH2C6H5-Cl-) and alkyl dimethylethyl-benzylammonium (R-N+(CH3)2-CH2-CH2C6H5-Cl-), where R is a straight alkyl chain, mainly C12 - C14. The composition of the cadmium anionic complexes was established by the analysis of the calibration curves E = f (pCCd (II)) constructed from cadmium sulfate solutions against the background of various contents of thiocyanate, chloride and iodide ions (ndicator electrode - ion-selective electrode with a membrane, which based on a nitrobenzene solution of tetradecylammonium bromide). The extraction process is estimated quantitatively using a distribution coefficient (D). The value of D is calculated taking into account the cadmium concentration in the aqueous phase before and after extraction. The dependence of the distribution coefficient on the organic solvent dielectric constant, the concentration and stability of the anionic complexes of cadmium is shown. So, for the indicated cadmium acidocomplexes, the minimum D values were obtained using low-polar toluene and carbon tetrachloride, and the maximum values were obtained using highly polar isobutyl alcohol and nitrobenzene. If the concentration of cadmium (II) is reduced by a factor of 100 for the cadmium rhodanide and iodide complexes, the value of D decreases by 1.6-1.9 times, for the chloride complex, by 1.2 times in the case of polar isobutyl alcohol and nitrobenzene, and 2.9-3.5 times in the case of low-polar solvents. It was experimentally established that in the series [Cd(SCN)4]2- - [CdI4]2-- [CdCl4]2- the value of D decreases for all the studied systems. The observed regularity is related both to the stability of the corresponding cadmium (II) complexes in aqueous solutions and to their hydrophobicity.

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Utami, Dwi, Iin Narwanti, and Jumina Jumina. "SINTESIS SENYAWA ANTIMALARIA BARU TURUNAN FENANTROLIN N-(2-NITROBENZIL)-1,10-FENANTROLINIUM IODIDA DAN (1) N-(4-NITROBENZIL)-1,10-FENANTROLINIUM IODIDA." Molekul 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2014.9.1.153.

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Malaria is a global health problem, especially in the tropics. Efforts to decrease the incidence of malaria plagued the plasmodium resistance to existing antimalarial drugs. Benzyl Phenanthrolium Iodide derivates have been proved has antimalarial activity. The aim of this study is synthesis the nitro benzyl phenanthrolium.The research that has been done was the synthesis of (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl) phenantrolium iodide and(1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolium iodide. Synthesis of (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolium iodide through a two-steps reaction SN-2 is the reaction of (1)N-(2- nitrobenzyl) chloride and potassium iodide followed by reaction phenantroline 1:10 monohydrate, whether the second product was 4-nitrobenzil bromida as starting material. The reaction were started by reflucting the nitro subtituted benzil halida with potassium iodide for 1 hour, yielded nitro subtituted benzyl iodide. Then followed by reflucting nitro substituted benzyl iodide with 1,10-phenanthroline for 11 hours. The final product isolated and purificated by suitable solvent. The melting point was conducted by melting poin apparatus. The structures of product was characterized by IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.Results obtained in the form of thick liquid light yellow with a melting point of 54.2-63.5oC. While the compound (1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolium iodide is synthesized from 4-nitrobenzylbromide and potassium iodide followed by reaction phenantroline 1:10 monohydrate. Synthesis results in the form of pale yellow crystals with a melting point of 221–225oC . The resulting yield of 32.87%. The interpretation of UV-Vis and Infra red spectras indicated that nitro benzyl iodide have been condensed with 1,10 phenantroline as the end of the product.

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5

Matyushkina, Yulia I., and Alexandr A. Shabarin. "STUDY OF ANION EXCHANGE EXTRACTION OF SOME ANIONIC COMPLEXES OF IRON (III) BY ORGANIC SOLUTIONS OF QUARTERLY AMMONIUM SALTS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 2 (February 7, 2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196202.5782.

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The anion-exchange extraction of salicylate, thiosulphate and thiocyanate iron (III) complexes by solutions of chlorides of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) in organic solvents (toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, nitrobenzene) was studied. The composition of the iron (III) anionic complexes was established by the analysis of the calibration curves E = f(pCFe (III)) constructed from iron (III) solutions against the background of various contents of thiocyanate, thiosulphate and salicylate ions and the steepness of the electrode function. As an indicator electrode the ion-selective electrode was used with a membrane, which based on a nitrobenzene solution of tetradecylammonium bromide. The solution containing of alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride and the corresponding organic solvent were mixed in a ratio of 1:1. An organic layer containing the QAS was selected. The anion-exchange extraction was provided in contact with aqueoses solutions of Fe(III) anionic complexes. The extraction process is estimated quantitatively using a distribution coefficient (D). The value of D is calculated taking into account the iron (III) concentration in the aqueous phase before and after extraction. The content of iron (III) in solutions is determined spectrophotometrically (λ = 440 nm). It is established that the value of the distribution coefficient depends on the permittivity (ε) of the organic solvent. In the row toluene - carbon tetrachloride - ethyl acetate - isobutyl alcohol - nitrobenzene, the permittivity increases. In the same sequence, D increases for all studied complex iron(III) ions. Moreover, a decrease in the concentration of the extracted particle leads to an insignificant decrease in the value of the distribution coefficient. The composition and stability of the complex iron (III) ion have a significant effect on the extraction activity.

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6

Raza, Ali, Zaka Ullah, Adnan Khalil, Rashida Batool, Sajjad Haider, Kamran Alam, Nazmina Imrose Sonil, Alvi Muhammad Rouf, and Muhammad Faizan Nazar. "Facile fabrication of a graphene-based chemical sensor with ultrasensitivity for nitrobenzene." RSC Advances 14, no. 14 (2024): 9799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra08794h.

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A graphene-based chemical sensor is fabricated which offers a notable response for nitrobenzene. The sensor shows the highest sensitivity of 231.1 for nitrobenzene and the fastest response of 6.9 s for benzyl chloride.

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7

Moreno, S. N., J. Schreiber, and R. P. Mason. "Nitrobenzyl radical metabolites from microsomal reduction of nitrobenzyl chlorides." Journal of Biological Chemistry 261, no. 17 (June 1986): 7811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)57473-7.

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8

Boyle, Grant A., Hendrik G. Kruger, Glenn E. M. Maguire, and Jason Paraskevopoulos. "(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrobenzyl)methylammonium chloride." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 64, no. 3 (February 27, 2008): o625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160053680800473x.

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9

Patel, N. Z., J. N. Patel, and R. M. Patel. "Synthesis and Biological Activity of Polyketone Resins-IV. Systems Based on m-Xylene with Nitrobenzene as Solvent." High Performance Polymers 4, no. 3 (June 1992): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/4/3/002.

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Seven chlorine-terminated polyketones of low molecular weight were prepared from m-xylene, chloroacetyl chloride and ao-dichloroalkanes, i.e. dichloro-methane and 1,2-dichloroethane, by the Friedel-Crafts reaction using nitrobenzene as solvent. The polyketones were characterized by [R spectra and vapour pressure osmome-t'y. The thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The kinetic parameters for the decomposition reactions were evaluated by the Broido and Doyle methods. The polyketones were found to be thermally sable up to 220°C but decompose beyond this temperature. All the resins were screened for their biological activity against plant pathogens (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride). The biological screening against bacteria has indicated that these polyketones have biocidal properties.

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10

Hoffmann, M. "Synthesis of Phosphonodidepsipeptides through Esterification of [1-(Benzyloxycarbonylamino)alkyl]phosphonic Acids." Australian Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 4 (1988): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9880605.

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The synthesis is reported of phosphonodidepsipeptides (3) through esterification of [1-( benzyloxycarbonylamino )alkyl] phosphonic acids (1) with α- hydroxy acid p-nitrobenzyl esters (2) in the presence of thionyl chloride in dimethylformamide.

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11

Pitschmann, Vladimír, Zbyněk Kobliha, Emil Halámek, and Ivana Tusarová. "A simple in situ visual and tristimulus colorimetric method for the determination of diphosgene in air." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 72, no. 10 (2007): 1031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0710031p.

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A simple visual and tristimulus colorimetric method (three-dimensional system CIE-L*a*b*) for the determination of trace amounts of diphosgene in air has been developed. The method is based on the suction of diphosgene vapors through a modified cotton fabric filter fixed in a special adapter. Prior to analysis, the filter is saturated with a chromogenic reagent based on 4-(p- nitrobenzyl)pyridine. The optimal composition of the reagent is 2 g of 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine and 4 g of N-phenylbenzylamine in 100 ml of a 50:50 ethanol-glycerol mixture. The intensity of the formed red coloration of the filter is evaluated visually or by a tristimulus colorimeter (LMG 173, Lange, Germany). The detection limit is 0.01 mg m-3. Acetyl chloride and benzoyl chloride react in 150 and 50 times higher concentrations, respectively. The method is suitable for mobile field analysis. .

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12

Choi, Jihye, Hyun-Na Koo, Sung Il Kim, Bueyong Park, Hyunkyung Kim, and Gil-Hah Kim. "Target-Site Mutations and Glutathione S-Transferases Are Associated with Acequinocyl and Pyridaben Resistance in the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)." Insects 11, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11080511.

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The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is a difficult-to-control pest due to its short life cycle and rapid resistance development. In this study, we characterized field strains collected in 2001 and 2003 that were selected for acequinocyl resistance (AR) and pyridaben resistance (PR), respectively. These strains displayed resistance ratios of 1798.6 (susceptible vs. AR) and 5555.6 (susceptible vs. PR), respectively, and were screened for cross-resistance against several currently used acaricides. The AR strain exhibited pyridaben cross-resistance, but the PR strain showed no cross-resistance. The AR strain exhibited point mutations in cytb (I256V, N321S) and PSST (H92R). In contrast, the PR strain exhibited the H92R but not the I256V and N321S point mutations. In some cases increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity has previously been linked to enhanced detoxification. The AR strain exhibited approximately 2.3-, 1.8-, and 2.2-fold increased GST activity against 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), and 4-nitrobenzyl chloride (NBC), respectively. Among the five GST subclass genes (delta, omega, mu, zeta, and kappa), the relative expression of delta class GSTs in the AR strain were significantly higher than the PR and susceptible strain. These results suggest that the I256V and N321S mutations and the increased GST metabolism and GST delta overexpression might be related to acequinocyl resistance in T. urticae.

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13

Harris, J. M., D. J. Meyer, B. Coles, and B. Ketterer. "A novel glutathione transferase (13–13) isolated from the matrix of rat liver mitochondria having structural similarity to class theta enzymes." Biochemical Journal 278, no. 1 (August 15, 1991): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2780137.

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A rat liver mitochondrial-matrix fraction was prepared and shown to have 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene(CDNB)-metabolizing glutathione transferase (GST) activity. Further fractionation by sequential gel filtration, isoelectric focusing or chromatofocusing and hydroxyapatite chromatography yielded three GSTs of pI 9.3, 8.9 and 7.5, none of which bound to a GSH-agarose affinity matrix. Most of the activity was associated with the pI-9.3 form, which was selected for further study. Its activity was tested with the following potential substrates in addition to CDNB: 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, p-nitrobenzyl chloride, trans-4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one, 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane, ethacrynic acid, menaphthyl sulphate, cumene hydroperoxide, linoleic acid hydroperoxide and 4-hydroxynon-2-enal. Appreciable activity was obtained only with CDNB and ethacrynic acid (82 and 26 mumol/min per mg of protein respectively). The apparent Km for GSH, using 1 mM-CDNB, was 1.9 mM. The enzyme is a dimer of subunit Mr 26,500. It has a free N-terminus, which has enabled the first 33 amino acids to be sequenced. This portion of primary structure has a sequence in common with members of the Theta class of GSTs (eg. 36% identity with subunit 12) and also a sequence which might function as a mitochondrial import signal. It is novel and has been named ‘GST 13-13’.

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Bujok, Robert, and Mieczysław Mąkosza. "Synthesis of Diarylacetylenes Bearing Electron-Withdrawing Groups via the Smiles Rearrangement." Synthesis 51, no. 16 (April 24, 2019): 3109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1612423.

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Nitrobenzyl benzothiazol-2-yl sulfones and nitrobenzyl 1-phenyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl sulfones react with chlorides of aromatic acids to form β-acyl derivatives. These products undergo the Smiles rearrangement resulting in the formation of the corresponding nitrophenyl arylacetylenes in 50–60% overall yields (approx. 75% per step). Sulfones bearing CF3 or CN groups instead of a NO2 substituent form mixtures of the acetylenes in moderate yields and benzyl aryl ketones in yields above 40%.

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15

Xue, Zhonghua, Huan Lian, Chenxian Hu, Yanjun Feng, Fan Zhang, Xiuhui Liu, and Xiaoquan Lu. "Electrochemical Reduction and Detection of Nitrobenzene Based on Porphyrin Composite-modified Glassy Carbon Electrode." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 5 (2014): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13607.

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An electrocatalytic platform and electrochemical sensor for nitrobenzene using tetra(4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin-functionalized N-doped ordered mesoporous carbon (TMPP/N-OMC) as sensitive material is reported. Glassy carbon electrodes modified with TMPP/N-OMC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrode shows high electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of nitrobenzene in sodium chloride solution (pH 7.00). Electrocatalytic reduction currents of nitrobenzene were found to be linearly related to concentration over the range 0.528 to 132.00 μM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9971 using a differential pulse voltammogram method. The detection limits were determined as 0.2162 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The results show TMPP/N-OMC-modified glassy carbon electrodes open new opportunities for fast, simple, and sensitive field analysis of nitrobenzene.

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Sharma, Rajinder P., Kusum Sharma, Sunita Lakhanpal, Namita Sharma, and Bhupendra N. Misra. "Preparation and Characterization of Mixed Anhydrides of O-Acylarylcarbohydroximic Acid." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 9 (1993): 2150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19932150.

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A number of N,O-diacylhydroxylamines have been prepared by the reaction of potassium salts of hydroxamic acids with variety of acylating agents which include: benzoyl, p-nitrobenzoyl, anisoyl, p-chlorobenzyl and lauroyl chlorides in dioxane under reflux. The structure of resulting N,O-diacylhydroxylamines has been determined by spectral analysis, Attempted have been made to prepare mixed anhydrides of several N,O-diacylhydroxylamines by the acylation reaction in the cold (below 10 °C) using acetyl, benzoyl, p-nitrobenzoyl, anisoyl and p-toluensulfonyl chlorides as acylating agents in dioxane using triethylamine as a base. Structures of the resulting mixed anhydrides have been elucidated by spectral methods.

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17

Kumar, K. Pushpa, Reddi Mohan Naidu Kalla, Mavallur Varalakshmi, Chintha Venkataramaiah, K. Swetha Kumari, Jayakumar Kannali, D. Venkatramana Reddy, and Chamarthi Nagaraju. "Synthesis, spectral characterization, antimicrobial activity and docking studies against DNA Gyrase-A of new 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzene sulfonamide derivatives." Organic Communications 13, no. 4 (December 26, 2020): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25135/acg.oc.90.20.11.1858.

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A series of new 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzene sulfonamide derivatives 3(a-j) were synthesized from 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzene sulfonyl chloride by reacting various amino acid esters and amines 2(a-j) in high yields. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were characterized by the IR, NMR (1H & 13C), mass and elemental analyses. Further, all the synthesized compounds were tested for the antimicrobial activity and docking studies were carried out with DNA Gyrase-A. Most of the compounds showed good to moderate antimicrobial activities and binding affinity towards DNA Gyrase-A structure.

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18

KONISHI, Takafumi, Keitaro KATO, Toshiyoshi ARAKI, Kentaro SHIRAKI, Masahiro TAKAGI, and Yutaka TAMARU. "A new class of glutathione S-transferase from the hepatopancreas of the red sea bream Pagrus major." Biochemical Journal 388, no. 1 (May 10, 2005): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20041578.

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To elucidate drug deposition and metabolism in cultured marine fishes, in a previous study we isolated and purified the GSTs (glutathione S-transferases) from the hepatopancreas of the red sea bream Pagrus major that contained 25 and 28 kDa GST subunits. The 25 kDa GST subunits encoded by two genes (GSTA1 and GSTA2) have been identified as Alpha-class GSTs. In the present study, we performed the molecular cloning and characterization of the GSTR1 gene encoding the 28 kDa GST subunit from the Pa. major hepatopancreas. The nucleotide sequence of GSTR1 was composed of an ORF (open reading frame) of 675 bp encoding a protein of 225 residues with a predicted molecular mass of 25.925 Da. A search of the BLAST protein database revealed that the deduced amino acid sequence of GSTR1 was structurally similar to that of GSTs derived from other fishes such as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). The genomic DNA containing the GSTR1 gene was found to consist of six exons and five introns quite distinct from mammalian Theta-class GSTs. We have purified and characterized the recombinant GSTR1 enzyme (pmGSTR1-1) which showed activity only towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, although it had no detectable activity towards cumene hydroperoxide, 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, ethacrynic acid, 4-hydroxynonenal and p-nitrobenzyl chloride. Moreover, pmGSTR1-1 revealed remarkable heat instability (melting temperature Tm=30.3±0.11 °C). Collectively, our results indicated that the characteristic GST genes including GSTR1 have been conserved and functional in fishes. Therefore we designate them ‘Rho-class’, a new class of GSTs.

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Dimitrova, Diyana, Stanimir Manolov, Dimitar Bojilov, Iliyan Ivanov, and Paraskev Nedialkov. "N-(3-chlorophenethyl)-4-nitrobenzamide." Molbank 2024, no. 2 (April 1, 2024): M1802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1802.

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Herein, we report the synthesis of N-(3-chlorophenethyl)-4-nitrobenzamide in the reaction between 2-(3-chlorophenyl)ethan-1-amine and 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride. The newly obtained bio-functional hybrid molecule was fully characterized via 1H, 13C NMR, UV, and mass spectral data.

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Smith, Thomas D., Peter G. Jones, and Reinhard Schmutzler. "The Role of Elimination Processes in the Reaction of Substituted Ureas and Thioureas with Chlorides of Mono-and Bifunctional Acids." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 47, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1992-0412.

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The reaction of phthaloyl chloride 2 with 1,3-dimethylurea 1 in dichloromethane at room temperature leads to the formation of N ,N -1,1'-phthaloyl-bis(1,3-dimethylurea) 3 whereas in refluxing solvent N-methyl-phthalimide 4 is the principal product. The reaction of 1,3- bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,3-dimethylurea 5 separately with phthaloyl- 2, 4-nitrobenzoyl- 6, and 5-chlorothiophene-2-carbonyl chloride 9 results in the formation of 1,3-phthaloyl-1,3-dimethylurea 7, 1,3-bis(4-nitrobenzoyl)- 1,3-dimethylurea 8, and N,N-bis(5-chlorothiophene- 2-carbonyl)-N-methylamine 12, respectively. The reaction of N,N-bis- (trimethylsilyl)acetamide 11 with 9 furnished N,N-bis(5-chlorothiophene-2-carbonyl)-acetamide 13, while the reaction of 13 with 1,3-dimethylthiourea 10 afforded 1.3-dimethyl-1,3- bis(5-chlorothiophene-2-carbonyl)thiourea 14. The structures of 3 and 12 were confirmed by low temperature X-ray crystallography. Both display crystallographic twofold symmetry.

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21

Trikittiwong, Piyarat, and Jedsada Maliwong. "Synthesis of Palladium Chloride Impregnated on Al₂O₃- Pillared Clay for Reduction of Nitrobenzene." Key Engineering Materials 856 (August 2020): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.856.218.

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Palladium chloride impregnated on Al2O3-pillared clay (Pd/Al-PILC) was synthesized by intercalation of aluminium (III) chloride into clay interlayers and calcined at 500°C for 1 h. Subsequently, impregnated with PdCl2 and calcination at 450°C for 4 h. The modified clay catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for investigated atomic spacing of catalysts and N2 adsorption and desorption method (BET) for investigated surface area and pore volume of catalysts. The catalytic activities of Pd/Al-PILC was utilized for the reduction of nitrobenzene for synthesis aniline. The effect of various reaction factors, such as reaction time, reaction temperature, solvent system and the amount of catalyst were studied in order to optimize the reaction conditions. Aniline was prepared conveniently and efficiently via the reduction of nitrobenzene in the presence of a catalytic amount 40%Pd/Al-PILC of substrate in reflux temperature at 70°C for 4 h under extremely mild conditions.

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Dimitrova, Diyana, Stanimir Manolov, Iliyan Ivanov, Dimitar Bojilov, Lyusi Kasamova, and Paraskev Nedialkov. "N-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-4-nitrobenzamide." Molbank 2024, no. 1 (February 12, 2024): M1775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1775.

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In this study, we outline the eco-friendly mechanosynthesis of N-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-4-nitrobenzamide by reacting 2,2-diphenylethan-1-amine with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride. The resulting bio-functional hybrid compound was meticulously characterized through the analysis of 1H-, 13C-NMR, UV, and detailed mass spectral analysis.

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23

Kmoníček, Vojtěch, Emil Svátek, Jiří Holubek, Miroslav Ryska, Martin Valchář, and Miroslav Protiva. "Synthesis of 1-acyl- and 1-(thioacyl)-4-benzylpiperazines as potential antidepressants." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 7 (1990): 1817–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19901817.

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2-Nitro, 3-nitro- and 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride were reacted with 1-benzylpiperazine in benzene in the presence of triethylamine and gave the amides IV-VI, the first of which is considered a bioisostere of the antidepressant agent piberaline (I). 2-Dimethylamino-, 3-dimethylamino- and 4-dimethylaminobenzoic acid were treated with thionyl chloride in benzene in the presence of triethylamine or pyridine, and the acid chlorides formed were reacted in situ with 1-benzylpiperazine affording the amides VII-IX. The amides I and IV-VI were transformed by treatment with phosphorus pentasulfide in pyridine to the thioamides X-XIII. 4-(Dimethylaminomethyl)benzoic acid was reacted with 1-benzylpiperazine in dimethylformamide in the presence of N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole and afforded the amide XIV. Heating of ethyl 5-methylimidazole-4-carboxylate with 1-benzylpiperazine to 200-210 °C gave the amide XV together with the unexpected 1-benzyl-4-ethylpiperazine (XVI). The oily or crystalline bases of the amino amides or thioamides were mostly transformed to crystalline salts and characterized by spectra. Out of the compounds prepared only X (V⁄FB-17 070) and XIV (V⁄FB-17 114) showed indications of efficacy in tests which are considered indicative of antidepressant activity. Compounds VII, VIII, and X appeared to be mildly antidopaminergic - similarly like piberaline (I), and compounds IV, V, XI, XIV, and XV on the contrary showed signs of dopaminominetic activity.

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Siddiqi, K. S., and Shahab Nami. "Synthesis, kinetics and mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in octahedral (cat)2Sn(py)2." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 12 (2005): 1389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0512389s.

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Dicatecholatodipyridinetin(IV) in nitrobenzene showed an increase in molar conductance with time, suggesting solvation of the complex. In the presence of nucleophilic reagents, such as SOCl2, C6H5COCl and CH3COCl, the conductance increased sharply owing to the substitution of pyridine by chloride ions. The data for the rate constant of solvation (k s) and for nucleophilic substitution (k 1 and k 2) have been calculated and it was found that the solvation is a slower process compared to the substitution by chloride ions, i.e., k1, k 2 > k s. The nucleophilic substitution reaction follows the SN1 mechanism.

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Hrnčiar, Peter, Milan Hudeček, Gusein K. I. Magomedov, and Štefan Toma. "Exploration of the new method for the synthesis of η6-arenetricarbonylchromium complexes. The scope and limitations." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 7 (1991): 1477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19911477.

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A systematic investigation of the recently described method for the synthesis of η6-arenetricarbonylchromium complexes has been performed. The method gives the fair to excellent yields of complexes in a broad range of benzene derivatives and of some benzenoid arenes. Very low yields of products were obtained with benzene, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-and 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane. The method failed in the case of benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, benzyl chloride, nitrobenzene, thiophenol and chalcone.

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26

Kong, Xiang Wen, Huan Wang, and Jing Zhang. "A New Method for Synthesis of Iron Phthalocyanine." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.3.

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Iron phthalocyanine was prepared by the reaction of phthalic anhydride, urea and ferrous chloride by means of the solvent method with dioctyl phthalate as solvent, ammonium molybdenate as a catalyst and ammonium chloride as promoter. The reaction was carried out in the conditions that 2 hours was required for the first stage at the temperature of ca. 403 K and 6 hours was required for the second stage at the temperature of ca. 453 K. The yield of the product reached of 77%. Along with the use of dioctyl phthalate as solvent for the reaction for producing iron phthalocyanine, the whole production process could become more friendly to the environment compared with the traditional methods with trichlorobenzene, nitrobenzene or other substances as the solvent.

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27

El Hamdaoui, Lahcen, Mohammed El Moussaouiti, and Said Gmouh. "Homogeneous Esterification of Cellulose in the Mixture N-Butylpyridinium Chloride/Dimethylsulfoxide." International Journal of Polymer Science 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1756971.

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The present study deals with the homogeneous acylation of cellulose withp-nitrobenzoyl chloride in a reaction medium composed of a mixture of 1-butylpyridinium chloride and dimethylsulfoxide (BPyCl/DMSO), in the presence of different bases and under mild conditions. The preparation of cellulosep-nitrobenzoate depending on the reaction conditions, the influences of reaction parameters such as the base type, and the types of cellulose (kraft and microcrystalline) on the products were investigated. Cellulosep-nitrobenzoate with a degree of substitution (DS) in the range from 0.12 to 1.5 was accessible, with a low excess of reagent and for a short reaction time. The cellulose esters were characterized by1H-NMR,13C NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and solubility tests.

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28

Górska, Agata, Lidia Chomicz, Justyna Żebrowska, Przemysław Myjak, Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Zofia Zwolska, Janusz Piekarczyk, Henryk Rebandel, and Zygmunt Kazimierczuk. "Synthesis and Antimycobacterial and Antiprotozoal Activities of Some Novel Nitrobenzylated Heterocycles." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2006-0120.

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A series of N-, S-, and O-mononitro- and dinitrobenzyl derivatives of heterocycles was synthesized by alkylation of heterocyclic bases with the respective nitrobenzyl chlorides. Of the newly synthesized compounds, dinitrobenzylsulfanyl derivatives of 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole (2c) and of 5-nitro- and 5,6-dichloro-2-mercaptobenzimidazole (8b and 8c, and 8e and 8f, respectively) showed considerable antimycobacterial activity. On a molar basis, nine of the novel compounds showed also a considerably higher antiprotozoal efficacy than metronidazole that reduced T. hominis viability to 73.5% at 8 μg/ml.

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29

Liu, Yang, and Hai-Hui Liu. "Crystal structure and fluorescence properties ofcatena-poly[[(2,2′-bi-1H-imidazole-κ2N,N′)cadmium]-di-μ-chlorido]." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 72, no. 10 (September 9, 2016): 1421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989016013736.

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In the polymeric title compound, [CdCl2(C6H6N4)]n, the central CdIIatom is coordinated by four chloride ligands and two N atoms from a chelating 2,2′-bi-1H-imidazole molecule, leading to a distorted octahedral Cl4N2coordination set. As a result of the μ2-bridging character of the Cl ligands, chains parallel to thecaxis are formed, with the chelating 2,2′-bi-1H-imidazole ligands decorated on both sides of the chain. The luminescence properties of the complex dispersed in dimethylformamide shows that the emission intensities are significantly quenched by nitrobenzene.

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30

Guo, Wenfeng, Xin Mao, Chengzhang Li, Jie Yang, Lirong Du, and Xianzhong Tang. "Synthesis and characterization of three different structures of polyacene quinone radical polymers." High Performance Polymers 30, no. 1 (December 20, 2016): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008316681060.

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Three types of polyacene quinone radical (PAQR) polymers were synthesized by the step-growth polymerization of naphthalene, anthracene, or anthraquinone reacting with pyromellitic dianhydride via solution polymerization under a temperature gradient. Zinc chloride was used as the catalyst, and nitrobenzene was the solvent. The different structures of PAQR polymers were analyzed by infrared, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The thermal properties of PAQR polymers were described by thermal gravimetric analysis, and the electrical performances were investigated by a precision LCR meter and a digital high insulation meter.

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31

Ertan-Lamontagne, Marc C., Stephen R. Lowry, W. Rudolf Seitz, and Sterling A. Tomellini. "Polymer-Coated, Tapered Cylindrical ATR Elements for Sensitive Detection of Organic Solutes in Water." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 8 (August 1995): 1170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953965092.

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Commercially available tapered chalcogenide fibers have been coated with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plasticized with 47% (w/w) chloroparaffin containing 60% Cl by weight. The coating procedure involves applying a drop of a solution containing PVC and the plasticizer in tetrahydrofuran along the fiber while allowing the solvent to evaporate. The coated fibers were exposed to 0.15% (v/v) benzene in water (1479-cm−1 band), 0.40% (v/v) chloroform in water (1216-cm−1), and 0.10% (v/v) nitrobenzene in 1.5% (w/v) methanol/water (1348-cm−1). All three organic solutes gave readily detectable signals with the coated fibers but were not observable when the aqueous solution was sampled with the use of an uncoated, tapered fiber. Detection limits for benzene, chloroform, and nitrobenzene were calculated to be 0.02%, 0.11%, and 0.006% by volume, respectively. These data show that the advantage of using a polymer coating to concentrate the analyte and reduce the water background may be combined with the advantages of using a tapered optical fiber to yield a sensitive method for detecting nonpolar organic solutes in water.

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32

Liu, Yuqing, and Erkang Wang. "Proton transfer across the water/nitrobenzene interface facilitated by acridine chloride." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 234, no. 1-2 (September 1987): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(87)80163-8.

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33

Gregáň, Fridrich, Viktor Kettmann, Pavol Novomeský, and Július Sivý. "Preparation of Racemic cis- and trans-2-(2-Alkoxyphenylcarbamoyloxy)cycloheptylmethylpiperidinium Chlorides." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 3 (1994): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19940675.

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The synthesis of two pairs of the title diastereomers, which represent conformationally constrained analogues of the phenylcarbamate local anesthetics, is described. The synthesis was accomplished by starting from cycloheptanone and 2-alkoxyanilines and the intermediate diastereomers of 2-aminomethylcycloalkanols (VI, VII) were separated as their 4-nitrobenzoyl derivatives (IV, V) by extraction and fractional crystallization. The prepared compounds (VIIIa, VIIIb, IXa, and IXb) are assumed to be of help in interpreting the structure activity relationships within this class of drugs.

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34

D’Souza, Malcolm J., Jasbir K. Deol, Maryeah T. Pavey, and Dennis N. Kevill. "Statistical Methods for the Investigation of Solvolysis Mechanisms Illustrated by the Chlorides of the Carbomethoxy Protecting Groups NVOC and FMOC." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/941638.

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The solvolysis of 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl chloroformate (NVOC-Cl,1) is followed at 25.0°C in twenty hydroxylic solvents. A comparison with previously published rates for benzyl chloroformate andp-nitrobenzyl chloroformate indicates that the inductive effect of the nitro and the two methoxy groups strongly influences the rate of reaction. For1, the specific rates of solvolysis are correlated using an extended Grunwald-Winstein (G-W) treatment. A direct comparison with the data for phenyl chloroformate (PhOCOCl) in identical solvents strongly suggests that the addition step within an addition-elimination mechanism is rate-determining for both substrates. A reevaluation of the kinetic data for 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl,2) involves a correlation oflog⁡k/ko2versuslog⁡(k/ko)PhOCOCl. In this plot, deviations were observed in solvents rich in a hydrogen-bonding fluoroalcohol component. Omitting the aqueous fluoroalcohol rate measurements for2in an analysis using the extended G-W equation suggested the occurrence of dual pathways differing in the dependences upon the ionizing power and nucleophilicity of the solvent. In addition, the fluorenyl ring is rotated out of the plane containing the ether oxygen and, as a result, PhOCOCl is found to solvolyze 20 times faster than2in ethanol and methanol.

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35

Crasmareanu, Eleonora Cornelia, Vasile Simulescu, and Gheorghe Ilia. "Synthesis by Reversed Phase Transfer Catalysis and Characterization of Naphthol AS-D Pigment." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/545374.

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Reversed phase transfer catalysis (RPTC) was applied to synthesize the Naphthol AS-D pigment. This method consists in the transfer of the aryldiazonium cation 4-nitrobenzenediazonium from aqueous medium into the organic phase (nitrobenzene) in the form of a lipophilic ions pair by the catalyst used (perfluorooctyl potassium sulfonates). In the organic phase the azo-coupling reaction between 4-nitrobenzenediazonium chloride and 3-hydroxy-2-carboxylic acid 2-methyl-anilide (Naphthol AS-D) takes place as coupling component. Using this unconventional method of synthesis, an increase of the reaction rate, combined with a higher purity of the product, was obtained.

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36

Feng, Wei-Dong, Song-Ming Zhuo, and Fu-Li Zhang. "Synthesis and characterization of new impurities in obeticholic acid." Journal of Chemical Research 43, no. 11-12 (September 25, 2019): 522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747519819875858.

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Novel and efficient synthetic strategies are developed for the first synthesis of two new impurities found in obeticholic acid. The synthetic routes to the impurities are designed without column purification using 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride as a selective protecting group. The impurities, which are obtained in good yields and high purity, are identified and characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer), and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (Correlated Spectroscopy, heteronuclear single quantum coherence, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation, and rotating-frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy) techniques.

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37

Kayukov, Ya S., A. A. Grigor'ev, S. V. Karpov, O. V. Kayukova, and V. A. Tafeenko. "Heterocyclization of 2-nitrobenzoyl1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropenides by the action of hydrogen chloride in alcohol." Журнал органической химии 59, no. 5 (May 15, 2023): 640–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0514749223050117.

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The interaction of 2-[3(4)-nitrobenzoyl]-1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropenides with hydrogen chloride in alcohols leads to the corresponding 4-amino-1-alkoxy-1-[3(4)-nitrophenyl]-3-oxo-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1 H -pyrrolo[3,4- c ]pyridine-7-carbonitrilam, through the formation of intermediate 2-{2-hydroxy-2-[3(4)-nitrophenyl]-4-cyano-5alkoxy-1,2-dihydro-3 H -pyrrole-3-ylidene}malononitriles, which can be isolated in low yield. Carrying out the reaction in an aqueous-alcoholic medium makes it possible to obtain 4-amino-1-hydroxy-1-[3(4)-nitrophenyl]3-oxo-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1 H -pyrrolo[3,4- c ]pyridine-7-carbonitriles.

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38

Barelmann, Imke, J. Konrad Blum, and Carl H. Hamann. "Simultaneous electrochemical electron paramagnetic resonance investigation of the reduction of p-nitrobenzyl chloride." Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 86, no. 19 (1990): 3233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ft9908603233.

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39

Giuglio-Tonolo, Gamal, Thierry Terme, Maurice Médebielle, and Patrice Vanelle. "Original reaction of p-nitrobenzyl chloride with aldehydes using tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE)." Tetrahedron Letters 44, no. 34 (August 2003): 6433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01594-6.

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40

Salunke, Swati Bansi, Javid Ahmad Malla, and Pinaki Talukdar. "Phototriggered Release of a Transmembrane Chloride Carrier from an o ‐Nitrobenzyl‐Linked Procarrier." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 58, no. 16 (April 8, 2019): 5354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201900869.

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41

Salunke, Swati Bansi, Javid Ahmad Malla, and Pinaki Talukdar. "Phototriggered Release of a Transmembrane Chloride Carrier from an o ‐Nitrobenzyl‐Linked Procarrier." Angewandte Chemie 131, no. 16 (March 13, 2019): 5408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201900869.

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42

Wilcox, Robert J., Jacob C. W. Folmer, Justin G. Kennemur, and James D. Martin. "Synthesis of luminescent nitroxobenzene oligomers by aluminum chloride catalyzed dehydration of nitrobenzene." Polyhedron 103 (January 2016): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2015.07.077.

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43

Wahab, Hilal S., and Andreas D. Koutselos. "Comparative Study of the Adsorption of Aromatic Pollutants onto TiO2 (100) Surface via Molecular Simulation." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 12 (2011): 1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch10288.

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The adsorption mode of benzoic acid onto the anatase TiO2 (100) surface has been studied through the semi-empirical self-consistent field molecular orbital method MSINDO and is compared with previously determined modes of four aromatic compounds: chlorobenzene, aniline, p-chlorophenol and nitrobenzene. The simulation results reveal that aniline and p-chlorophenol molecules are adsorbed with their aromatic ring positioned parallel to the surface although they are linked to a surface lattice titanium atom via the amino nitrogen and phenolic oxygen respectively. In contrast, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene and benzoic acid are found in perpendicular configurations and they are attached to the surface via the chlorine and oxygen atoms of the NO2 and COOH groups respectively. The calculated substrate–surface interaction energy is influenced by the degree of basicity of the lone pair of the donating atoms, the number of linkages between the substrate and the surface and, further, the hydrogen bonding between the acidic hydrogen and lattice oxygen atom. The computed vibrational density of states for these adsorbed organic pollutants is in reasonably good agreement with available experimental data and previous theoretical results.

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44

Maroń, Anna M., and Jan G. Małecki. "Spectroscopic characterization of chloride and pseudohalide ruthenium(II) complexes with 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine." Transition Metal Chemistry 39, no. 7 (August 17, 2014): 831–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11243-014-9865-2.

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45

Heda, Lalchand, Chandresh Pareek, Dushyant Pareek, and Sonraj Mosalpuri. "Synthesis and biological screening of octasubstituted-triphenodioxazines and its sulphur analogues with some novel intermediates." Open Chemistry 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-009-0100-5.

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AbstractAttempts have been made to prepare for the first time the octasubstituted-triphenodioxazines and triphenodithiazines heterocycles by cyclisation of 3,6-dichloro-2,5-bis(2′,4′,5′-trichloroanilino)-1,4-benzoquinone and condensation. This wasfollowed by cyclisation of substituted 2-aminobenzenethiol respectively with chloranil and bromanil in ethanolic solution of fused sodium acetate in the presence of benzoyl chloride in nitrobenzene. Their structures were confirmed on the basis of their chemical and spectral analyses. Moreover, the biological activity of these compounds was evaluated against the test organisms viz — E.coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, M.luteus and C. albicans. These compounds synthesized from 2,4,5-trichloroaniline appeared to possess significant antimicrobial activities and an explicit correlation between structure and biological activity was also observed.

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46

MANAP, Sevda, Haydar YÜKSEK, Zeynep EKİNCİ, and Elif SEL. "In vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Some Novel 3-Alkyl-4-[3-methoxy-4-(p-nitrobenzoxy)-benzylideneamino]-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones." Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering 22, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1008079.

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In this study, nine novel 3-alkyl-4-[3-methoxy-4-(p-nitrobenzoxy)-benzylideneamino]-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (3) were synthesized from the reactions of 3-alkyl-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (1) with 3-methoxy-4-(p-nitrobenzoxy)-benzaldehyde (2), which was synthesized by the reaction of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride by using triethylamine. The structures of novel compounds were established from IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data. In addition, in vitro antibacterial capacities of the new compounds were determined against six bacteria by mains of agar well diffusion method. Furthermore, newly synthesized compounds antioxidant capacities were performed by three different methods.

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47

Valenta, Vladimír, Jiří Holubek, Emil Svátek, Oluše Matoušová, Jiřina Metyšová, and Miroslav Protiva. "Potential neuroleptics of the orthopramide series; synthesis of heterocyclic 5-amino-2-methoxybenzamides and of some related compounds." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 5 (1990): 1297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19901297.

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2-Methoxy-5-nitrobenzoyl chloride was reacted with 2-(aminomethyl)-1-ethylpyrrolidine, 3-amino-1-ethylpiperidine, 4-amino-1-benzylpiperidine, 1-benzylpiperazine, and 1-amino-4-benzylpiperazine and gave the N-substituted 2-methoxy-5-nitrobenzamides VIa-VIe. Their reduction with hydrazine hydrate and Raney nickel in ethanol afforded the corresponding 5-amino-2-methoxybenzamides VIIa-VIIe. The amino amides VIIb and VIIc were transformed to methylamino compounds XIb and XIc via the 4-toluenesulfonamides VIIIb and VIIIc and the N-methyl-4-toluenesulfonamides Xb and Xc. The N-(1-benzyl-4-piperidinyl)amides VIc, VIIc and XIc were found to be mild neuroleptics having antiapomorphine, some cataleptic and some ataxic activity.

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48

Vagish, C. B., Karthik Kumara, N. K. Lokanath, K. Ajay Kumar, and P. G. Chandrasherkar. "Synthesis, Characterization, Crystallographic Studies of 5-Acetyl-8-hydroxyquinoline and Their Chalcone Derivatives." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 7 (2020): 1609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22628.

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An efficient, easy and one pot synthesis for the Friedel-Craft acetylation reaction of quinolines was developed. The reaction between 8-hydroxyquinoline and acetyl/benzoyl chloride in nitrobenzene immediately flocculates as yellow precipitate. On further addition of Lewis acid causes the Friedel-Craft acetylation leads to formation of acetylated quionlines in good yields. The structure of compound 5-acetyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (3) was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with the space group P21/c. The synthesized acetylated quionlines undergoes condensation reaction with aromatic aldehydes leads to 8-hydroxyquinoline chalcones derivatives. The products were characterized by spectral studies, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.

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Shakhmurzova, K. T., Zh I. Kurdanova, Arthur E. Baikaziev, Karina Kh Teunova, Azamat A. Zhansitov, and S. Yu Khashirova. "Methods for the Synthesis of Polyethereketone." Materials Science Forum 935 (October 2018): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.935.27.

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The data on the methods for the preparation of polyetherketones by electrophilic and nucleophilic methods are considered and generalized. It is shown that polyetherketones by electrophilic substitution are carried out as homopolycondensation aromatic monocarboxylic acids and their halides and polycondensation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons with aromatic dicarboxylic acids or their halides, and phosgene in organic solvents (1,2-dichloroethane, methylene chloride, nitrobenzene and etc.) in the presence of Ziegler-Natt catalysts. However, this process has not found an industrial application in view of such disadvantages as low yield of the desired product, the formation of a polymer with low molecular weight, synthesis time (15-40 hours), the use of large amounts of catalyst, the complexity of polymer purification of it.

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Mohammed, Jihad Haji, and Nabaz Abdulmajeed Mohammad Salih. "Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Nitrones Derivatives and Screening their Biological Activities." Science Journal of University of Zakho 10, no. 4 (December 25, 2022): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2022.10.4.1096.

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Synthetic approached towards the synthesis of some novel nitrones derivatives have been started with reduction of nitrobenzene derivatives as starting material bearing electron withdrawing and electron donating groups to corresponding phenylhydroxylamine in presence of zinc dust as reducing agent in aqueous solution of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). The prepared phenylhydroxylamine derivatives were reacted with different substituted benzaldehydes to give the target derivatives of nitrone. The structures of the synthesized nitrones were characterized by spectroscopic methods FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C NMR. Finally the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their microorganism activities at different concentration, and inhibited growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) Gram negative, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Gram positive, and fungi (candida albicans).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nitrobenzyle chloride'

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