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1

Ferguson, Stuart J. "Nitrogen cycle enzymology." Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2, no. 2 (1998): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1367-5931(98)80059-8.

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2

Rosca, Victor, Matteo Duca, Matheus T. de Groot, and Marc T. M. Koper. "Nitrogen Cycle Electrocatalysis." Chemical Reviews 109, no. 6 (2009): 2209–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr8003696.

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3

Stein, Lisa Y., and Martin G. Klotz. "The nitrogen cycle." Current Biology 26, no. 3 (2016): R94—R98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.021.

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4

Bose, Arpita, and Zhecheng Zhang. "Role of extracellular electron transfer in the nitrogen cycle." Open Access Government 45, no. 1 (2025): 385–87. https://doi.org/10.56367/oag-045-11553.

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Role of extracellular electron transfer in the nitrogen cycle Extracellular electron transfer impacts the nitrogen cycle by enhancing microbial processes and connecting to other biogeochemical cycles. Understanding EET mechanisms provides insights into ecosystem functioning and potential advancements; Arpita Bose and Zhecheng (Robert) Zhang explain. Nitrogen is a fundamental element required by all living species. It can be found in amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The nitrogen cycle promotes nitrogen transformation and transit across the environment, making it available for biologica
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5

Fisher, Thomas R. "The Marine Nitrogen Cycle." Ecology 66, no. 1 (1985): 316–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1941341.

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6

Crossman, Lisa, and Nicholas Thomson. "Peddling the nitrogen cycle." Nature Reviews Microbiology 4, no. 7 (2006): 494–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1456.

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7

Doane, Timothy A. "The Abiotic Nitrogen Cycle." ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 1, no. 7 (2017): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00059.

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8

Capone, Douglas G. "The Marine Nitrogen Cycle." Microbe Magazine 3, no. 4 (2008): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/microbe.3.186.1.

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9

Jetten, Mike S. M. "The microbial nitrogen cycle." Environmental Microbiology 10, no. 11 (2008): 2903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01786.x.

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10

Keshet, Rom, Peter Szlosarek, Arkaitz Carracedo, and Ayelet Erez. "Rewiring urea cycle metabolism in cancer to support anabolism." Nature reviews. Cancer 18, no. 10 (2018): 634–45. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41568-018-0054-z.

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Cancer cells reprogramme metabolism to maximize the use of nitrogen and carbon for the anabolic synthesis of macromolecules that are required during tumour proliferation and growth. To achieve this aim, one strategy is to reduce catabolism and nitrogen disposal. The urea cycle (UC) in the liver is the main metabolic pathway to convert excess nitrogen into disposable urea. Outside the liver, UC enzymes are differentially expressed, enabling the use of nitrogen for the synthesis of UC intermediates that are required to accommodate cellular needs. Interestingly, the expression of UC enzymes is al
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11

Cavigelli, Michel A. "Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle." Ecology 86, no. 9 (2005): 2548–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2005)86[2548:aatnc]2.0.co;2.

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12

Capone, Douglas G., and Angela N. Knapp. "A marine nitrogen cycle fix?" Nature 445, no. 7124 (2007): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/445159a.

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13

Grzebisz, Witold, and Alicja Niewiadomska. "Nitrogen Cycle in Farming Systems." Agronomy 14, no. 1 (2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010089.

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14

Stein, Lisa Y. "Cyanate fuels the nitrogen cycle." Nature 524, no. 7563 (2015): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14639.

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15

Powlson, D. S. "Understanding the soil nitrogen cycle." Soil Use and Management 9, no. 3 (1993): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1993.tb00935.x.

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16

Clough, T. J. "Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle." Journal of Environmental Quality 34, no. 5 (2005): 1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0009br.

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17

WATANABE, Iwao. "Nitrogen cycle in paddy fields." Kagaku To Seibutsu 24, no. 3 (1986): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.24.163.

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18

Blackburn, T. Henry. "Nitrogen cycle in marine sediments." Ophelia 26, no. 1 (1986): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1986.10421979.

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19

Monib, Abdul Wahid, Parwiz Niazi, Shah Mahmood Barai, et al. "Nitrogen Cycling Dynamics: Investigating Volatilization and its Interplay with N2 Fixation." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (2024): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.1.4.

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The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems, the conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes. Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification. The majority of Earth's atmosphere (78%) is atmospheric nitrogen, making it the largest source of nitrogen. However, atmospheric nitrogen has limited availability for biological use, leading to a scarcity of usable
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20

Landolfi, A., H. Dietze, W. Koeve, and A. Oschlies. "Overlooked runaway feedback in the marine nitrogen cycle: the vicious cycle." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 7 (2012): 8905–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-8905-2012.

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Abstract. The marine nitrogen (N) inventory is controlled by the interplay of nitrogen loss processes, here referred to as denitrification, and nitrogen source processes, primarily nitrogen fixation. The apparent stability of the marine N inventory on time scales longer than the estimated N residence time, suggests some intimate balance between N sinks and sources. Such a balance may be perceived easier to achieve when N sinks and sources occur in close spatial proximity, and some studies have interpreted observational evidence for such a proximity as indication for a stabilizing feedback proc
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21

Jones, Karen Gay Cronquist. "Nitrogen fixation as a control in the nitrogen cycle." Journal of Theoretical Biology 112, no. 2 (1985): 315–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5193(85)80290-3.

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22

Takai, Ken. "The Nitrogen Cycle: A Large, Fast, and Mystifying Cycle." Microbes and Environments 34, no. 3 (2019): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.me3403rh.

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23

Han, Chang, Zhiyuan Chen, Yihui Xiao, et al. "Characterizing nitrogen cycling microorganisms and genes in sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0324051. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324051.

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Microorganisms play a central role in driving the biogeochemical cycles in lakes (reservoirs). This study aims to refine the microbial-driven nitrogen cycle processes in the sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir and assess the overall state of nitrogen cycling within these sediments. The study focuses on the Three Gorges Reservoir as the research area, using metagenomic sequencing as a research method and measuring various environmental factors in the sediment of the region, systematically investigates the nitrogen cycle microorganisms and corresponding functional gene abundance characterist
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24

da Fonsêca, Glícia Rafaela Freitas, Jamiles Carvalho Gonçalves de Souza Henrique, Ednaete Bezerra de Alcântara, et al. "Nutritional and Structural Components of Forage Sorghum Subjected to Nitrogen Fertilization and Molybdenum." Grasses 4, no. 1 (2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/grasses4010001.

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Semi-arid regions present edaphoclimatic limitations for forage production, primarily affecting plant growth and development. Crops adapted to such conditions, like forage sorghum, and nutritional supplementation with nitrogen and molybdenum, can increase forage production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between nitrogen and molybdenum on the bromatological and structural components of forage sorghum (SF-15) cultivated in a semi-arid environment, with the hypothesis that nitrogen fertilization combined with molybdenum would enhance nitrogen use efficiency in sorghu
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25

Zheng, Xiangzhou, Chenyi Zou, Yasa Wang, Shuping Qin, Hong Ding, and Yushu Zhang. "Herbicide Applications Reduce Gaseous N Losses: A Field Study of Three Consecutive Wheat–Maize Rotation Cycles in the North China Plain." Agronomy 14, no. 2 (2024): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14020283.

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Herbicide residues in farmland soils have attracted a great deal of attention in recent decades. Their accumulation potentially decreases the activity of microbes and related enzymes, as well as disturbs the nitrogen cycle in farmland soils. In previous studies, the influence of natural factors or nitrogen fertilization on the soil nitrogen cycle have frequently been examined, but the role of herbicides has been ignored. This study was conducted to examine the effects of herbicides on NH3 volatilization- and denitrification-related nitrogen loss through three rotation cycles from 2013 to 2016.
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26

Ibrahim, Ahmed, Rawia El-Motaium, Ayman Shaban, and ElSayed Badawy. "Estimation of nitrogen use efficiency by mango seedlings under nano and convention calcium fertilization using the enriched stable isotope (N-15)." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 10, no. 2 (2022): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2022.10(2).379.386.

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of nano-Ca fertilizer on nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and determine the best calcium form and dose for mango. A pot experiment was conducted using two year old mango seedlings (cv. Zebda). The pots were filled with sandy soil (8 kg per pot) and one seedling was transplanted into each pot. Four treatments including nano-Ca, convention Ca, soil application and foliar application have been formulated. Calcium was applied as CaO for both the convention and nanoforms. The enriched (15NH4)2SO4 was applied at a rate of (5g per pot). Plants were h
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27

De Sisto, Makcim L., and Andrew H. MacDougall. "Effect of terrestrial nutrient limitation on the estimation of the remaining carbon budget." Biogeosciences 21, no. 21 (2024): 4853–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4853-2024.

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Abstract. The carbon cycle plays a foundational role in the estimation of the remaining carbon budget. It is intrinsic for the determination of the transient climate response to cumulative CO2 emissions and the zero-emissions commitment. For the terrestrial carbon cycle, nutrient limitation is a core regulation on the amount of carbon fixed by terrestrial vegetation. Hence, the addition of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in land model structures in Earth system models is essential for an accurate representation of the carbon cycle feedback in future climate projections. Therefore, th
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28

Martínez-Espinosa, Rosa María, Jeffrey A. Cole, David J. Richardson, and Nicholas J. Watmough. "Enzymology and ecology of the nitrogen cycle." Biochemical Society Transactions 39, no. 1 (2011): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0390175.

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The nitrogen cycle describes the processes through which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms. These transformations involve both biological and abiotic redox processes. The principal processes involved in the nitrogen cycle are nitrogen fixation, nitrification, nitrate assimilation, respiratory reduction of nitrate to ammonia, anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) and denitrification. All of these are carried out by micro-organisms, including bacteria, archaea and some specialized fungi. In the present article, we provide a brief introduction to both the biochemical and ec
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29

Casciotti, Karen L. "Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopic Studies of the Marine Nitrogen Cycle." Annual Review of Marine Science 8, no. 1 (2016): 379–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135052.

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30

Jetten, Mike S. M., Markus Schmid, Ingo Schmidt, et al. "Improved nitrogen removal by application of new nitrogen-cycle bacteria." Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 1, no. 1 (2002): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1015191724542.

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31

Gundersen, Per. "Nitrogen deposition and the forest nitrogen cycle: role of denitrification." Forest Ecology and Management 44, no. 1 (1991): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(91)90194-z.

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32

Guo, Weihao, Xiaoxuan Mu, Weida Shen, et al. "The Purge Characteristics and Strategy in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with a Linear Segmentation-Based Anode Recirculation System." Energies 18, no. 9 (2025): 2156. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18092156.

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This study introduces a novel linear segmentation method to optimize the nitrogen purge strategy for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) operating in an anode recirculation mode. The method simplifies the design of purge cycles by eliminating the need for complex mathematical modeling and multivariable optimization, making it more suitable for industrial applications while avoiding the need for lengthy orthogonal experiments. By experimentally determining the maximum tolerable nitrogen accumulation time and leveraging the linear relationship between nitrogen accumulation and purge dur
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33

Landolfi, A., H. Dietze, W. Koeve, and A. Oschlies. "Overlooked runaway feedback in the marine nitrogen cycle: the vicious cycle." Biogeosciences 10, no. 3 (2013): 1351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1351-2013.

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Abstract. The marine nitrogen (N) inventory is thought to be stabilized by negative feedback mechanisms that reduce N inventory excursions relative to the more slowly overturning phosphorus inventory. Using a global biogeochemical ocean circulation model we show that negative feedbacks stabilizing the N inventory cannot persist if a close spatial association of N2 fixation and denitrification occurs. In our idealized model experiments, nitrogen deficient waters, generated by denitrification, stimulate local N2 fixation activity. But, because of stoichiometric constraints, the denitrification o
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34

Tedengren, Michael. "Eutrophication and the disrupted nitrogen cycle." Ambio 50, no. 4 (2021): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01466-x.

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35

Lehnert, Nicolai, Bradley W. Musselman, and Lance C. Seefeldt. "Grand challenges in the nitrogen cycle." Chemical Society Reviews 50, no. 6 (2021): 3640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cs00923g.

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In this Viewpoint, we address limitations within our current understanding of the complex chemistry of the enzymes in the Nitrogen Cycle. Understanding of these chemical processes plays a key role in limiting anthropogenic effects on our environment.
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36

Marrs, R. H., and J. I. Sprent. "The Ecology of the Nitrogen Cycle." Journal of Applied Ecology 25, no. 3 (1988): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2403775.

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37

Grimm, Nancy B. "Autecological Approach to the Nitrogen Cycle." Ecology 70, no. 1 (1989): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1938448.

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38

Clough, Tim J., and Leo M. Condron. "Biochar and the Nitrogen Cycle: Introduction." Journal of Environmental Quality 39, no. 4 (2010): 1218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2010.0204.

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39

Raun, William R., Gordon V. Johnson, Jeffory A. Hattey, Shannon L. Taylor, and Heather L. Lees. "Nitrogen Cycle Ninja, A Teaching Exercise." Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 26, no. 1 (1997): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jnrlse.1997.0039.

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40

Zheng, Xunhua, Congbin Fu, Xingkai Xu, et al. "The Asian Nitrogen Cycle Case Study." AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 31, no. 2 (2002): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-31.2.79.

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41

Sheudzen, Askhad, and Maksim Perepelin. "NITROGEN AND ITS CYCLE IN NATURE." RICE GROWING 53, no. 4 (2021): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33775/1684-2464-2021-53-4-86-92.

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42

Singh, Prikhshayat, P. A. Kumar, Y. P. Abrol, and M. S. Naik. "Photorespiratory nitrogen cycle - A critical evaluation." Physiologia Plantarum 66, no. 1 (1986): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb01252.x.

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43

Ward, Bess, Douglas Capone, and Jonathan Zehr. "What's New in the Nitrogen Cycle?" Oceanography 20, no. 2 (2007): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2007.53.

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44

Chapin III, F. Stuart. "New cog in the nitrogen cycle." Nature 377, no. 6546 (1995): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/377199a0.

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45

Smil, Vaclav. "Global Population and the Nitrogen Cycle." Scientific American 277, no. 1 (1997): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0797-76.

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46

Moomaw, William R., and Melissa B. L. Birch. "Cascading costs: An economic nitrogen cycle." Science in China Series C Life Sciences 48, S2 (2005): 678–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03187109.

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47

Kmeť, T. "Model of the nitrogen transformation cycle." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 44, no. 1-2 (2006): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2005.11.004.

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48

Bunt, J. S. "The ecology of the nitrogen cycle." Aquatic Botany 32, no. 4 (1988): 401–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(88)90112-x.

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49

YAMAYA, Tomoyuki. "Photorespiratory nitrogen cycle in plant leaves." Kagaku To Seibutsu 26, no. 12 (1988): 813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.26.813.

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50

Tian, Zhiyong, Dong Li, Junliang Liu, Jie Zhang, Christal Banks, and Gang Chen. "An environmental perspective of nitrogen cycle." International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 9, no. 3 (2009): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgenvi.2009.026942.

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