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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nitrogen filter

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Academic literature on the topic 'Nitrogen filter'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Nitrogen filter"

1

Jonsson, Lena, Elzbieta Plaza, and Bengt Hultman. "Experiences of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in deep-bed filters in the Stockholm area." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0042.

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Experimental studies of nutrient removal in a discontinuous downflow two-media filter on a pilot plant scale are described and compared with previously reported results from a continuous upflow filter (DynaSand) studied at full scale. Under controlled conditions both filters show low effluent values of total nitrogen and phosphorus. Removal mechanisms were more complex in the discontinuous downflow filter owing to the use of two media, deposition of sludge on the filter surface, and changes of the biological activity over time after backwashing. The discontinuous downflow filter was much influenced by the formation of nitrogen gas bubbles clogging the filter, while the influence of nitrogen gas formation in the DynaSand filter was minor. Multivariate methods were used to evaluate factors influencing nitrate and phosphate removal and the time passing before the filter became clogged.

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Chui, P. C., Y. Terashima, J. H. Tay, and H. Ozaki. "Wastewater treatment and nitrogen removal using submerged filter systems." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0052.

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The performance of two submerged filter systems: a two filters-in-series system and a single combined filter system, in treating a strong nitrogenous wastewater with nitrogen concentration of 480 mg/L was evaluated. Both systems were equally effective in removing up to 90% of nitrogen and 98% of COD from the wastewater for loading rates up to 5 kg COD/m3.d and 0.5 kg N/m3.d. The second system in which anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic zones were incorporated in a single filter offers a greater flexibility in treatment in that by repositioning the locations of the aeration point and effluent recycling inlet, the zonal volumes can be altered easily to treat wastewaters with different COD and nitrogen concentrations.

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Zhong, Kun, Yi-yong Luo, Zheng-song Wu, Qiang He, Xue-bin Hu, Qi-wu Jie, Yan-ting Li, and Shao-jie Wang. "The ecological filter system for treatment of decentralized wastewater." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 7 (July 29, 2016): 1553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.357.

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A vertical flow constructed wetland was combined with a biological aerated filter to develop an ecological filter, and to obtain the optimal operating parameters: The hydraulic loading was 1.55 m3/(m2·d), carbon–nitrogen ratio was 10, and gas–water ratio was 6. The experimental results demonstrated considerable removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in wastewater by the ecological filter, with average removal rates of 83.79%, 93.10%, 52.90%, and 79.07%, respectively. Concentration of NH4+-N after treatment met the level-A discharge standard of GB18918-2002. Compared with non-plant filter, the ecological filter improved average removal efficiency of COD, NH4+-N, TN, and TP by 13.03%, 25.30%, 14.80%, and 2.32%, respectively: thus, plants significantly contribute to the removal of organic pollutants and nitrogen. Through microporous aeration and O2 secretion of plants, the ecological filter formed an aerobic–anaerobic–aerobic alternating environment; thus aerobic and anaerobic microbes were active and effectively removed organic pollutants. Meanwhile, nitrogen and phosphorus were directly assimilated by plants and as nutrients of microorganisms. Meanwhile, pollutants were removed through nitrification, denitrification, filtration, adsorption, and interception by the filler. High removal rates of pollutants on the ecological filter proved that it is an effective wastewater-treatment technology for decentralized wastewater of mountainous towns.

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Singh, Rajendra, Dafang Fu, Jing Jia, and Jiaguo Wu. "Performance of Earthworm-Enhanced Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow Filter and Constructed Wetland." Water 10, no. 10 (September 22, 2018): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101309.

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In this study, the performance of the horizontal sub-surface flow filter (HSSFF) and constructed wetland (HSSFCW) experimental units enhanced with earthworms was investigated for the treatment of construction camp sewage wastewater. All the experimental units (filter and constructed wetland) were filled with the same filler except Eisenia foetida earthworms and Lolium perenne Linn plants. The performance of the earthworm-enhanced filter (EEF) and the earthworm-enhanced constructed wetland (EECW) was compared to that of the blank filter (BF) units. The results revealed that the removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in EEF were higher than the BF unit. In order to optimize the operating conditions, the experiments were conducted in three different water levels. The results revealed that the removal efficiencies of EEF for these pollutants are the highest in experimental conditions no. 2 (water level ~30 cm; HRT ~3 days; hydraulic load ~4.05 cm/day; and Inflow discharge ~0.27 L/h). Compared to the EEF and BF units, the EECW has higher removal efficiency for COD and TN and has more stable performance than the filters. This work will aid the design and improvement of filters and CWs for treatment of effluent wastewater from construction camps. The selection of appropriate hydraulic parameters and experimental conditions could be very beneficial in achieving the goal of implantation of low impact development (LID).

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Daigger, G. T., T. A. Heinemann, G. Land, and R. S. Watson. "Practical experience with combined carbon oxidation and nitrification in plastic media trickling filters." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1994): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0761.

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Long-term data from three full-scale trickling filters installations accomplishing combined carbon oxidation and nitrification are presented. Analysis of these data indicates that the oxidation of organic matter and ammonia-nitrogen in the trickling filter can be characterized by a single parameter which is calculated as the trickling filter organic loading (expressed in terms of BOD5 or biodegradable COD) plus the ammonia-nitrogen oxidized converted to oxygen equivalents using the conversion factor 4.6 kgO2/kg NO3-N. This parameter, which is referred to as the volumetric oxidation rate and is expressed in the units of kgO2/m3-day, characterizes trickling filter performance over a wide range of process loading and effluent quality conditions. The method of analysis presented in this work differs from the one traditionally used to characterize combined carbon oxidation and nitrification in trickling filters, and its suggests that oxidation may be oxygen transfer limited throughout such a trickling filter.

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Hamdan, Rafidah, Izzati Izwani Ibrahim, and Siti Zahirah Haron. "Ammonia Nitrogen Removal from Domestic Wastewater via Nitrification Process Using Aerated Rock Filter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 1350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.1350.

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Excessive nitrogen in domestic wastewater discharge accelerates eutrophication in an aquatic ecosystem. To treat wastewater high in nitrogen conventionally are more expensive, complex and generate high amount of sludge. In line with this situation, rock filters (RF) emerged as one of attractive natural wastewater treatment method to treat wastewater high in nutrient because this filter system is easier to maintain, using low-cost filter media, and environmentally-friendly technology. However, studies on the removal of nitrogen in the system are still limited due to nitrification study under warm climate. Thus, an aerated rock filter system has been designed in this study to remove ammonia nitrogen from domestic wastewater using the recommended hydraulic loading rate in warm climate condition. The laboratory aerated rock filter system has been in operated for 2 months with 5 weeks of sampling. The filter influent and effluent samples have been collected and analyzed twice a week for Total Kjeldhal Nitrogen (TKN), ammonia nitrogen (AN), nitrates ,pH, temperature, DO and alkalinity to monitor the filter performance in removing nitrogen. Results from the laboratory experiments show that AN in wastewater was oxidized to nitrate and efficiently removed as the removal of ammonia nitrogen was ranged from 66.05 % to 91.30 % and the removal percentage of TKN was ranged from 63.23 % to 87.68 %. The temperature was in the range of 25°C to 27.5°C, pH value was in the range of 6.34 to 8.04, DO was from 6.64 mg/L to 7.75 mg/L, and the alkalinity was from 15 to 110 as mg /L CaCO3. Therefore, from this laboratory experiment it can be concluded that aerated rock filter system has high potential in removing AN and TKN. The system also able to produce a good final effluent quality which is comply with the effluent requirement for nutrient removal in wastewater under the Environmental Quality Act (Sewage) Regulations, 2009 that is safe to be released to the water body.

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Fan, Li Sha, Yan Zhen Yu, and Chun Hui Zhao. "Experimental Study on Ammonia-Nitrogen Removal in Water by Composite Zeolite Filter." Advanced Materials Research 830 (October 2013): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.830.323.

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Using composite zeolite filter material independent preparation in the laboratory as an aeration biological filter material,and compared with ceramsite.The ammonia-nitrogen adsorption capacity of the above two filters were evaluated through the pilot test. The start-up of pilot scale CBAF (BAF filled with compound filter material) showed that the average NH4+-N removal rate of the first 5 days was 52.36% when the average influent NH4+-N concentration was 37mg/L. In steady operation condition, the average NH4+-N removal rate reached 83.51% and the average effluent NH4+-N concentration was 5.81mg/L, which could meet the first degree of national wastewater discharge standard (GB 8978-1996).

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Prasad, D., J. G. Henry, and P. Elefsiniotis. "Nitrogen Removal from Anaerobically Treated Leachate." Water Quality Research Journal 20, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1985.012.

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Abstract Laboratory studies were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of diffused aeration for the removal of nitrogen by ammonia desorption from the effluent of an anaerobic filter treating leachate. The effects of pH, temperature and air flow on the process were studied. The coefficient of desorption of ammonia, Kd for the anaerobic filter effluent (TKN 75 mg/L with NH3-N 88%) was determined at pH values of 9 , 10 and 11, temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 30 and 35°C, and air flow rates of 50, 120 and 190 cm3/sec/L. Results indicated that nitrogen removal by ammonia desorption from the effluent of anaerobic filters treating leachate was feasible. Removals exceeding 90% were obtained with 8 hours aeration at a pH of 10, a temperature of 20°C, and an air flow rate of 190 cm3/sec/L. Ammonia desorption coefficients, KD, determined at other temperatures and air flow rates can be used to predict ammonia removals for this leachate under various operating conditions.

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Paulino, A. I., M. Heldal, S. Norland, and J. K. Egge. "Elemental stoichiometry of marine particulate matter measured by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectroscopy." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 8 (July 22, 2013): 2003–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315413000635.

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This paper describes the development of a method for quantitative measurement of the elemental composition of particulate matter (PM) in seawater. This method is based on use of wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) analysing PM harvested on various filter types. As the amount of material is less than a monolayer of cells on the filters we reduced the need for absorption correction. Given the appropriate combination of filters and elements the detection limits are low: <1 µg/filter for carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and <0.1 µg/filter for silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe). The analytical range used was 90–750 µg C, 23–116 µg N and 7–30 µg P, depending on the filters applied. Calibration constants for the elements included in this study were obtained from analysis of known quantities of chemical compounds on filters or silver plates. For carbon and nitrogen we also used comparative measurements of Synechococcus sp. cultures by CHN analyser and WDXRF. We harvested PM from 150 ml to 2000 ml on each filter in three replicates, obtaining less than 5% analytical variability between the replicates. One of the challenges using WDXRF as proposed here is the absorption of X-ray signals by the filter and variability of cell/particle sizes, and, consequentlyly, the variability of harvested PM on various filters. We find that an anodisc filter is best suited for C and N, while polycarbonate filters are best for heavier elements. Here we present analytical details and some data from field experiments related to C, N, P, Si, Ca and Fe in particles from seawater.

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Tao, Wang, Guan, Xu, Chen, and Ji. "Study on Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss under an Improved Subsurface Drainage." Water 11, no. 7 (July 15, 2019): 1467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071467.

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Agricultural drainage plays an effective role in preventing waterlogging and salinity disasters and also is the main transport pathway for agricultural non-point source pollutants into rivers and lakes. Hence, the water quality of agricultural drainage should be a point of focus. In this paper, nitrogen and phosphorus loss under improved subsurface drainage with different filter materials (gravel, layered sand-gravel, mixed sand-gravel, straw) were studied by a three-year field experiment (2016–2018) compared with the conventional subsurface drainage. The pH values, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphate were considered. The results showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of drain outflow under improved subsurface drainage with gravel filter were larger than that with layered sand-gravel filter and mixed sand-gravel filter. The improved subsurface drainages with layered sand-gravel filter and mixed sand-gravel filter had an effect on reducing the ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphate concentrations of the outflow. Meanwhile, the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss under the improved subsurface drainage with straw filter were different from that with layered sand-gravel filter and mixed sand-gravel filter. For the improved subsurface drainage with layered sand-gravel filter outflow, the ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and soluble reactive phosphate concentrations were about 13%–78%, 38%–63%, 40%–68% less, and total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen concentrations were 24%–80%,18%–96% more than that under conventional subsurface drainage. Meanwhile, for the improved subsurface drainage with straw filter outflow, compared with conventional subsurface drainage outflow, the percentage changes of the total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and the soluble reactive phosphate concentrations were about −76%–62%, −77%–78%, −152%–−274%, −103%–−400% and −221%–−291%, respectively. Additionally, in the outflow of all subsurface drainage patterns, there were much higher total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations which should be focused on and the agricultural water management should be adopted.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nitrogen filter"

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Mendez-Delgado, Aida. "Nitrogen transport and dynamics in grass filter strips." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39047.

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Stenström, Ylva. "Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removalin Modified Biochar Filters." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-321915.

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Onsite wastewater treatment systems in Sweden are getting old and many of them lack sufficient phosphorus, nitrogen and organic carbon reduction. Biochar is a material that has been suggested as an alternative to the common sand or soil used in onsite wastewater treatment systems. The objective of this study was to compare the phosphorus removal capacity between three different modified biochars and one untreated biochar in a batch adsorption and column filter experiment. The modifications included impregnation of ferric chloride (FeCl3), calcium oxide (CaO) and untreated biochar mixed with the commercial phosphorus removal product Polonite. To further study nitrogen removal a filter with one vertical unsaturated section followed by one saturated horizontal flow section was installed. The batch adsorption experiment showed that CaO impregnated biochar had the highest phosphorus adsorption, i.e. of 0.30 ± 0.03 mg/g in a 3.3 mg/L phosphorus solution. However, the maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be higher for the FeCl3 impregnated biochar (3.21 ± 0.01 mg/g) than the other biochar types. The pseudo 2nd order kinetic model proved better fit than the pseudo 1st order model for all biochars which suggest that chemical adsorption was important. Phosphorus adsorption to the untreated and FeCl3 impregnated biochar fitted the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model best. This indicates that the adsorption can be modeled as a homogenous monolayer process. The CaO impregnated and Polonite mixed biochars fitted the Freundlich adsorption model best which is an indicative of heterogenic adsorption. CaO and FeCl3 impregnated biochars had the highest total phosphorus (Tot-P) reduction of 90 ± 8 % and 92 ± 4 % respectively. The Polonite mixed biochar had a Tot-P reduction of 65 ± 14 % and the untreated biochar had a reduction of 43 ± 24 %. However, the effluent of the CaO impregnated biochar filter acquired a red-brown tint and a precipitation that might be an indication of incomplete impregnation of the biochar. The FeCl3 effluent had a very low pH. This can be a problem if the material is to be used in full-scale treatment system together with biological treatment for nitrogen that require a higher pH. The nitrogen removal filter showed a total nitrogen removal of 62 ± 16 % which is high compared to conventional onsite wastewater treatment systems. Batch adsorption and filter experiment confirms impregnated biochar as a promising replacement or addition to onsite wastewater treatment systems for phosphorus removal. However the removal of organic carbon (as chemical oxygen demand COD) in the filters was lower than expected and further investigation of organic carbon removal needs to be studied to see if these four biochars are suitable in real onsite wastewater treatment systems.
Många av Sveriges små avloppssystem är gamla och saknar tillräcklig rening av fosfor, kväve och organiskt material. Följden är förorenat grundvatten samt övergödning i hav, sjöar och vattendrag. Lösningar för att förbättra fosfor- och kvävereningen finns på marknaden men många har visat brister i rening och robusthet. Biokol är ett material som har föreslagits som ersättare till jord eller sand i mark och infiltrationsbäddar. Denna studie syftade till att i skak- och kolonnfilterexperiment jämföra fosforreduktion mellan tre modifierade biokol och ett obehandlat biokol. Modifieringen av biokolet innebar impregnering med järnklorid (FeCl3), kalciumoxid (CaO) samt blandning med Polonite som är en kommersiell produkt för fosforrening. För att undersöka förbättring av kväverening installerades även ett filter med obehandlat biokol där en vertikal aerob modul kombinerades med en efterföljande horisontell anaerob modul. Skakstudien där biokolen skakades i 3.3 mg/L fosforlösning visade att adsorptionen var högst i det CaO-impregnerade biokolet, 0.3 ± 0.03 mg/g. Den maximala potentiella fosforadsorptionen beräknades dock vara högst för biokolet som impregnerats med FeCl3, 3.21 ± 0.01 mg/g. Skakförsöket visade också att fosforadsorptionen var främst kemisk då adsorptionen passade bättre med pseudo andra ordningens modell än pseudo första. Adsorption av fosfor på obehandlat biokol och FeCl3 impregnerat biokol modellerades bäst med Langmuir modellen, vilket tyder på en homogen adsorption. Det Polonite-blandade biokolet och CaO-impregnerade biokolet modellerades bäst med Freundlich modellen vilket är en indikation på en heterogen adsorptionsprocess. Biokol impregnerat med CaO och FeCl3 gav de högsta totalfosforreduktionerna på 90 ± 8 % respektive 92 ± 4 %. Biokolet som var blandat med Polonite hade en reduktion på 65 ± 14 % och det obehandlade biokolet 43 ± 24 %. Ett problem med filtratet från CaO-filtret var att det fick en rödbrun färg samt en fällning vilket kan ha berott på ofullständig pyrolysering och impregnering. Filtratet från det FeCl3 impregnerade biokolet hade mycket lågt pH vilket kan vara problematiskt om mikrobiologisk tillväxt i filtret för rening av kväve och organiskt material vill uppnås. Filtret för kväverening gav en total kvävereduktion på 62 ± 16 % vilket är högre än kommersiella system. Resultaten från skak och filterstudien visade på att impregnerade biokol kan ge en förbättrad fosforrening om de skulle användas i små avloppssystem. Rening av organiskt material, kemisk syreförbrukning (COD), var dock låg i alla filter och behöver studeras ytterligare för att avgöra om dessa biokol är lämpliga för småskalig avloppsvattenrening.

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Blanco-Canqui, Humberto. "Grass barrier and vegetative filter strip effectiveness in reducing runoff, sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus losses /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115525.

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Renman, Agnieszka. "On-site wastewater treatment : Polonite and other filter materials for removal of metals, nitrogen and phosphorus." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4811.

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Bed filters using reactive materials are an emerging technology for on-site wastewater treatment. Chemical reactions transfer contaminants from the aqueous to the solid phase. Phosphorus is removed from domestic wastewater by sorption to filter materials, which can then be recycled to agriculture as fertilisers and soil amendments. This thesis presents long-term column and field-scale studies of nine filter materials, particularly the novel product Polonite®. Phosphorus, nitro-gen and metals were removed by the mineral-based materials to varying degrees. Polonite and Nordkalk Filtra P demonstrated the largest phosphorus removal capacity, maintaining a PO4-P removal efficiency of >95%. Analysis of filter bed layers in columns with downward wastewater flow, showed that phosphorus, carbon and nitrogen content was vertically distributed, with de-creasing values from surface to base layer. Polonite and Filtra P accumulated 1.9-19 g P kg-1. Nitrogen in wastewater was scarcely removed by the alkaline filter materials, but transformation from NH4-N to NO3-N was >90%. Pot experiments with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) revealed that after wastewater treatment, slags and Polonite could increase plant production. Batch experi-ments and ATR-FTIR investigations indicated that amorphous tricalcium phosphate (ATCP) was formed in the materials, so some of the accumulated PO4-P was readily available to plants. Low heavy metal contents occurred in the materials, showing that they can be applied as soil amend-ments in agriculture without contamination risks. A full-scale treatment system using Polonite as filter material showed an average PO4-P removal efficiency of 89% for a 92-week period, indicat-ing the robustness of the filter bed technology.
QC 20100907

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Briers, Hannah Katherine. "The design and optimisation of a novel filter device for the removal of nitrogen form wastewater." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535109.

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Ryan, Patrick. "REDUCING EFFLUENT PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS FROM A STORMWATER DETENTION POND USING A CHAMBER UPFLOW FILTER AND SKIM." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4307.

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Stormwater runoff is a known pollutant source capable of causing surface water degradation, especially in highly populated areas such as Central Florida. Wet detention ponds manage this stormwater, but most of the ponds do not remove enough nutrients, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus, to meet TMDL regulations. This research provides a possible addition to a detention pond in Seminole County, Florida using a Chamber Upflow Filter and Skimmer (CUFS), which can increase the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen by the system. Water enters the system through the skimmer, which floats on the surface of the detention pond. It travels from the skimmer to the bottom of the chamber, where heavier particles settle out before entering the upflow filter. The upflow filter contains twenty-four inches of Black and GoldTM media to remove nitrogen and phosphorus under anoxic conditions. Water flows up through the filter and out of the system, and eventually travels to Lake Jesup, a eutrophic lake. A total of twenty-eight storm events and seven baseflows were sampled from the site in Seminole County, and ten storm events were sampled from a pilot study CUFS. The results of this research show significant reductions by the Seminole County CUFS in turbidity, orthophosphorus, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids when the means were compared at a 95% confidence interval. Reductions also occurred for total nitrogen, but could not be proved by the mean comparison. The pilot scale application of the CUFS significantly reduced total nitrogen at a 95% confidence interval.
M.S.Env.E.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engr MSEnvE

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Devience, Stephen J. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with Spin Singlet States and Nitrogen Vacancy Centers in Diamond." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11628.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are techniques widely utilized by many scientific fields, but their applications are often limited by short spin relaxation times and low sensitivity. This thesis explores two novel forms of NMR addressing these issues: nuclear spin singlet states for extending spin polarization lifetime and nitrogen-vacancy centers for sensing small samples.
Chemistry and Chemical Biology

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Janík, Prokop. "Redukce NOx obsažených ve spalinách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230288.

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Research in the field of NOX abatement has grown significantly in the past two decades. The general trend has been to develop new catalysts with complex materials in order to meet the stringent environmental regulations. The master’s thesis deals with the cleaning flue gases through a filter element which is from porous ceramics. There is catalyst implemented for NOx reduction throug the method of selective catalytic reduction in the filter element. There is also description of experimental unit for flue gas cleaning. Part of the thesis is creation of prediction model which allows to predict efficiency reduction in the filtration device operating conditions with some accuracy.

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Hanák, Libor. "Zneškodňování spalin znečištěných NOx." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228697.

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There is an overview of secondary methods for NOX removal from stationary sources in the first part of master’s thesis. There are well known methods as SCR o SNCR, but also new and experimental ones. An accent is putting on catalytic filtration, especially on cloth filter, which will be used for experiments. An important part of master’s thesis is a project of new experimental unit for experiments with cloth and ceramic catalytic filters as well as with a bit of cloth filtration material. Unit has compact proportions, high-class measurement and control and wide application spectra. Other advantages of this equipment are fast and easy cleaning and installation. This unit, called INTEQ II, can be used in plants or in laboratories. There is prediction model created together with new technology. It enables calculation of efficiency at catalytic filters with variable conditions without many experiments. This model is elaborate and will be finished with dates from measuring. There in only summary of planned experiments in this thesis, because measurements at new unit have not done yet. Experiences with operations at unit INTEQ I were used for proposal of new equipment and for experiments planning.

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Rumánek, Tomáš. "Redukce NOx ve spalinách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229280.

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My master´s thesis deals with the problems of NOx abatement that are included in flue gas. The accent is put on flue gases treatment throug cloth filter or ceramic candles, where the deposited catalyst enables NOx reduction throug the method of selective cytalytic reduction. In thesis is also describe experimental unit which current remove gaseous pollutants (dioxin, VOC and NOX) and ash on catalytic cloth filter or catalytic ceramic candles. For experimental unit has been calculated pressure drop. Pressure drop has been calculated for nominal and maximal conditions for cloth filter and ceramic candle. Last part of thesis deals with compile a experimental schemes for different concentration of NO, flow and temperature of combustion.

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Books on the topic "Nitrogen filter"

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Gruszczyk, Andrzej. Absorpcja azotu przez topione łukowo spoiwa typu Fe-C-Mn. Gliwice: Wydawn. Politechniki Śląskiej, 1999.

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Bushman, Jennifer L. Transport and transformations of nitrogen compounds in effluent from sand filter-septic system draintile fields. 1996.

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Money, Nicholas P. 6. Microbial ecology and evolution. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199681686.003.0006.

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Many ecosystems are wholly microbial and the activities of microorganisms provide the biochemical foundation for plant and animal life. ‘Microbial ecology and evolution’ describes how plants depend upon the complex redox reactions of microbes that fertilize the soil by fixing nitrogen, converting nitrites to nitrates, enhancing the availability of phosphorus and trace elements, and recycling organic matter. Eukaryotic microorganisms are similarly plentiful and essential for the sustenance of plants and animals. Bacteria, archaea, and single-celled eukaryotes are the masters of the marine environment, harnessing the energy that supports complex ecological interactions between aquatic animals. Bacteria and archaea form 90% of the ocean biomass and surface waters are filled with eukaryotic algae.

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C & S Engineers. and New York State Energy Research and Development Authority., eds. Application of biological filters to remove nitrogen from Binghamton-Johnson City Joint Sewage Treatment Plant effluent: Pilot-scale demonstration study : final report. Albany, N.Y: NYSERDA, 1999.

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Wothers, Peter. Antimony, Gold, and Jupiter's Wolf. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199652723.001.0001.

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The iconic Periodic Table of the Elements is now in its most satisfyingly elegant form. This is because all the 'gaps' corresponding to missing elements in the seventh row, or period, have recently been filled and the elements named. But where do these names come from? For some, usually the most recent, the origins are quite obvious, but in others - even well-known elements such as oxygen or nitrogen - the roots are less clear. Here, Peter Wothers explores the fascinating and often surprising stories behind how the chemical elements received their names. Delving back in time to explore the history and gradual development of chemistry, he sifts through medieval manuscripts for clues to the stories surrounding the discovery of the elements, showing how they were first encountered or created, and how they were used in everyday lives. As he reveals, the oldest-known elements were often associated with astronomical bodies, and connections with the heavens influenced the naming of a number of elements. Following this, a number of elements, including hydrogen and oxygen, were named during the great reform of chemistry, set amidst the French Revolution. While some of the origins of the names were controversial (and, indeed incorrect - some saying, for instance, that oxygen might be literally taken to mean 'the son of a vinegar merchant'), they have nonetheless influenced language used around the world to this very day. Throughout, Wothers delights in dusting off the original sources, and bringing to light the astonishing, the unusual, and the downright weird origins behind the names of the elements so familiar to us today.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nitrogen filter"

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Barnett, D. O. "Liquid Nitrogen Stratification Analysis and Experiments in a Partially Filled, Spherical Container." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 174–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0516-4_20.

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Kumar, Naveen, Navneet Arora, and S. K. Goel. "Erosive Wear Study of Nitrogen-Containing 23-8-N Austenitic Stainless Steel and Bead on Plate Weld Using ER2209 Stainless Steel Filler Wire." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 575–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1071-7_47.

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Sánchez Guillén, Javier Adrián. "Anammox process in a closed sponge-bed trickling filter." In Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal from Low Concentrated Effluents, 101–25. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315115955-4.

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Harremoës, Poul, and Morten Reimer. "PILOT-SCALE EXPERIMENTS ON DOWN-FLOW FILTER DENITRIFICATION." In Proceedings of the Conference on Nitrogen As a Water Pollutant, 557–76. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-1344-6.50040-x.

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Müller, Wolf R., and Ivan Sekoulov. "INTENSIFICATION OF THE AMMONIA OXIDATION IN A SANDBED FILTER." In Proceedings of the Conference on Nitrogen As a Water Pollutant, 483–93. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-1344-6.50037-x.

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Sánchez Guillén, Javier Adrián. "Autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite in a sponge-bed trickling filter under natural air convection." In Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal from Low Concentrated Effluents, 127–60. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315115955-5.

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Gray, John S., and Michael Elliott. "The soft-sediment benthos in the ecosystem." In Ecology of Marine Sediments. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198569015.003.0014.

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The benthos does not, of course, live in isolation from other parts of the ecosystem. Here we consider the roles that the benthos plays in the system and how the complex interactions that are found can be modelled using ecosystem models. First, we examine methods that allow us to establish food webs based not only on examining each species in the field and in laboratory feeding studies, but also using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to ascertain the likely feeding mode of a species. It is relatively easy to determine the mode of feeding of some benthic organisms (see for example the excellent review of Fauchald and Jumars 1979, although this is now slightly dated and requires revision). Polychaetes have characteristic feeding structures, so one can determine from their morphology whether they are filter feeders, deposit feeders, or predators. Bivalves show similar morphological characteristics and it is easy to determine whether they are deposit or filter feeders. Some polychaetes have large jaws, e.g. the nereids, and one might assume that they are predators. Yet when Nereis vexillosa was studied in detail (Woodin 1977), it was found that it attached pieces of algae to its tube, which grew and were used for food, so-called ´gardening´. Nereids also are able to filter feed by creating a mucous bag and pumping water through their burrows, which filters the water; the mucous bag is then consumed. More recently, studies have shown varied and possibly opportunistic feeding by different benthic species; for example Christensen et al. (2000) showed how the suspension- and deposit-feeding abilities of nereids influenced sediment nutrient fluxes. These studies show that it is perhaps not so straightforward as once thought to interpret feeding mode simply from morphological features. The definition of functional groups and feeding guilds is increasingly used to help explain and interpret ecological functioning (e.g. Elliott et al. 2007 discuss the rationale behind functional groups). The eminent and immensely experienced benthic biologist Tom Pearson (2001) shows in detail that while the concept of functional groups gives us a greater understanding of the benthos, the idea is criticized by some as we do not have sufficient information about feeding types and modes of life of many benthic species.

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"Nitrogen Removal and Filters." In Fixed-Film Reactors in Wastewater Treatment, 245–58. WORLD SCIENTIFIC (EUROPE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781786349255_0007.

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"Effects of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystems." In Effects of Urbanization on Stream Ecosystems, edited by Carmen A. Burton, Larry R. Brown, and Kenneth Belitz. American Fisheries Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569735.ch15.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—The Santa Ana River basin is the largest stream system in Southern California and includes a densely populated coastal area. Extensive urbanization has altered the geomorphology and hydrology of the streams, adversely affecting aquatic communities. We studied macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages in relation to two categorical features of the highly engineered hydrologic system—water source and channel type. Four water sources were identified—natural, urban-impacted groundwater, urban runoff, and treated wastewater. Three channel types were identified—natural, channelized with natural bottom, and concrete-lined. Nineteen sites, covering the range of these two categorical features, were sampled in summer 2000. To minimize the effects of different substrate types among sites, artificial substrates were used for assessing macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblages. Physical and chemical variables and metrics calculated from macroinvertebrate and periphyton assemblage data were compared among water sources and channel types using analysis of variance and multiple comparison tests. Macroinvertebrate metrics exhibiting significant (<EM>P </EM>< 0.05) differences between water sources included taxa and Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera richness, relative richness and abundance of nonchironomid dipterans, orthoclads, oligochaetes, and some functional-feeding groups such as parasites and shredders. Periphyton metrics showing significant differences between water sources included blue-green algae biovolume and relative abundance of nitrogen heterotrophic, eutrophic, motile, and pollution-sensitive diatoms. The relative abundance of trichopterans, tanytarsini chironomids, noninsects, and filter feeders, as well as the relative richness and abundance of diatoms, were significantly different between channel types. Most physical variables were related to channel type, whereas chemical variables and some physical variables (e.g., discharge, velocity, and channel width) were related to water source. These associations were reflected in correlations between metrics, chemical variables, and physical variables. Significant improvements in the aquatic ecosystem of the Santa Ana River basin are possible with management actions such as conversion of concrete-lined channels to channelized streams with natural bottoms that can still maintain flood control to protect life and property.

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Ansmann, Albert. "Molecular-Backscatter Lidar Profiling of the Volume-Scattering Coefficient in Cirrus." In Cirrus. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195130720.003.0013.

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Backscatter and polarization lidars have already been used extensively to investigate ice clouds (see chapters 2 and 10). A severe limitation is that trustworthy values of the volume-scattering coefficient, one of the most important parameters in the description of the impact of cirrus on climate, cannot be derived from data taken with these lidars. Even the retrieved cirrus backscatter-coefficient profile is often questionable. A discussion of achievements and limitations of the lidar method can be found in the literature (e.g., Fernald et al. 1972; Klett 1981; Fernald 1984; Klett 1985; Sasano et al. 1985; Bissonnette 1986; Ansmann et al. 1992b; Kovalev 1995). The procedure, with all its subsequent modifications and improvements, suffers from the fact that two physical quantities, the particle backscatter coefficient and the particle extinction coefficient, must be determined from only one lidar signal. The uncertainties in the estimated optical parameters are especially large in cirrus, in which the relationship between particle extinction and backscattering can vary strongly in space and time. The situation improved significantly when the first molecular (Raman)-backscatter lidar experiments demonstrated that accurate extinction profiling throughout the entire troposphere is possible (Ansmann et al. 1990, 1992b). After the Pinatubo eruption, it was shown that even at stratospheric heights profiles of the volume-scattering coefficient can easily be obtained with a Raman lidar (Ansmann et al. 1991, 1993a, 1997; Ferrare et al. 1992; Gross et al. 1995; Donavan und Carswell 1997). Two types of molecular-backscatter lidars for extinction measurements are available. The Raman lidar measures lidar return signals elastically backscattered by air molecules and particles and inelastically (Raman) backscattered by nitrogen and/or oxygen molecules (Cooney et al. 1969; Melfi 1972; Ansmann et al. 1992a; Whiteman et al. 1992; Reichardt et al. 1996). Interference-filter polychromators and double-grating monochromators (Arshinov et al. 1983; Wandinger et al. 1998) are used to separate the aerosol signal from the vibrational-rotational or pure rotational Raman signals, to reduce the sky background radiation, and, for the Raman channels, to block the strong elastic-backscatter radiation at the laser wavelength. The suppression has to be better than 10-8. The second type of a molecular-backscatter lidar is the High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL).

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Conference papers on the topic "Nitrogen filter"

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Smith, Daniel P. "Dual Stage Filter for Inorganic Nitrogen Removal from Stormwater." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)16.

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Tabatadze, Nino, Rasa Vaiškūnaitė, and Aušra Mažeikienė. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF TERTIARY TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER USING ZEOLITE." In 22-oji jaunųjų mokslininkų konferencijos „Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis“ teminė konferencija APLINKOS APSAUGOS INŽINERIJA. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2019.015.

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Small individual household wastewater treatment plants not always operate well. Consequently, the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and phosphate phosphorus are exceeded. The aim of the work was to examine the zeolite as a wastewater tertiary treatment material and propose environmentally friendly ways to solve fresh water problem. During experiment zeolite filter material was tested. In the article is analyzed zeolite filtering efficiency of nutrient removal from wastewater. Zeolite filler most effective was against ammonium nitrogen (99.9–10.1%) and relatively less effective against phosphate phosphorus (51.2–4.9%).

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Pierzgalski, Kristian, Hanna Obarska-Pempkowiak, Ewa Wojciechowska, and Magdalena Gajewska. "Application of Vertical Reed Beds as a Buffer for Effluent from SBR ANAMMOX Treatment for Reject Water from Centrifugation." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.086.

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The main purpose of this study is to determine the removal efficiency of nitrogen compounds in the effluent from ANAMMOX process used to treat reject water after centrifugation. A pilot model was bulit consisting of four different Treatment Wetlands beds with different filter substrate and with or without macrophytes growth. Vertical subsurface flow type filters have been choosen thanks to their highest efficiency in NH4-N removal and better resistance to high fluctuations of influent composition. The pilot was feed with synthetic sewage prepaired on-site every day during the study. Samples have been taken for analysis to determine the changes of NH4-N, NO3-N and NO2-N in the effluent of each filter. In bed “0” the removal of nitrogen compounds was caused only by sorption and lasted till its capacity was reached. In bed “I” and “II” the NH4-N concentration in effluent and production of NO2-N with simultaneous changes of NO3-N indicated that nitrification was occurring. Furthermore assimilation by plants and sorption processes by sub-strate contributet to the removal of nitrogen compunds. The investigation reviles different pattern of processes respon-sible for N - compounds transformation and removal, depending on the bed substrate and vegetation or without vegeta-tion

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Noor, Ahmad Md, Lim Chin Shiam, Suryani Soetardjo, and H. P. S. Abdul Khalil. "Removal of ammoniacal nitrogen and oxidised nitrogen in landfill leachate using vegetated constructed wetland with continuous flow through different filter media." In 2010 International Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (ICCCE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccceng.2010.5560366.

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Wang, Fen, Yanqing Song, Can Wang, Min Ji, and Yong Wang. "Nitrogen and phosphorus esothermal adsorption characteristics of four filter materials and pollutants removal performance of filled columns." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965235.

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Li, Jing, Zhan-bin Li, Peng Li, and Guo-qiang Yu. "Study on effectiveness of grassed filter strips in reducing nitrogen losses from slope land." In 2011 International Conference on Electric Technology and Civil Engineering (ICETCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetce.2011.5776180.

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Bogatyrjov, V. A., E. M. Dianov, K. M. Golant, V. I. Karpov, R. R. Khrapko, A. S. Kurkov, and V. N. Protopopov. "Passive nitrogen-doped silica fiber filter for Er-doped fiber amplifier gain spectrum flattening." In Integrated Photonics Research. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1995.ifc3.

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Ebert, Johannes. "Innovative New Air Pollution Control Technologies to Capture NOx, PM and Hg." In 2013 21st Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec21-2715.

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Emission regulations throughout the world continue to tighten, creating technical and economic challenges for various industries. The U.S. has proposed strict emissions limits that include mercury (Hg), particulate matter (PM) and a growing focus on NOx, while Europe is focusing more aggressively on reducing Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and PM emissions first. Innovative new technologies are being developed and introduced to meet proposed emissions levels for industries such as waste to energy facilities, Cement clinker producers and Sintering processes. Catalytically active ceramic or textile filter media have been applied over the past 15 years ensuring a simultaneous removal of PM, NOx and PCDD/F-compounds. A new textile filter type containing 2 filter bags (bag-over-bag) has recently been designed for such a multi-functional approach at elevated filter temperatures (T>170°C) where PMs are filtered on an ePTFE membrane (1st layer) and NOx is reduced by a catalytic reaction (2nd layer) with NH3 injected upstream. The separate bag construction enables the removal of the catalytic inner bag once it has been deactivated by ammonium-(bi)-sulphates. An appropriate regeneration process outside the bagfilter was developed for such new DeNOx system. The implementation of this 2-layer filter bag concept into existing Air Pollution Control (APC) systems and the catalyst management has been demonstrated on full-scale at the waste to energy facility of Acegas APS Padova (Italy). Emissions of NOx (as NO2) < 70mg/Nm3 with NH3<3mg/Nm3 with PM<0,5mg/Nm3 can be constantly achieved. The implementation of this filter bag system achieves highest energy efficiency, lowest costs for consumables when it is applied in dry sorption filters at elevated temperatures. In U.S., the strong demand for lowest Hg emission promotes innovative solutions for efficient and reliable Hg removal. Hg can be efficiently captured in a new fixed sorbent bed technology which is installed downstream the baghouse. This paper presents the innovative concepts for multi-functional filter as well as for Hg removal, showing also field data of both new technologies.

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Ma, Xingguan, Jun Shang, Fenshu Piao, and Weibin Wu. "Biological Removal of Iron, Manganese and Ammonia Nitrogen from Low-Temperature Groundwater Using Biological Aerated Filter." In 2010 International Conference on E-Product E-Service and E-Entertainment (ICEEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2010.5660093.

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Tang, Yulan, Juanjuan He, Xingguan Ma, Kun You, Rongxin Zhang, Weibing Wu, Jinxiang Fu, and Haipeng Zhao. "Simultaneous Biological Removal of Iron, Manganese and Ammonium Nitrogen in Simulated Groundwater Using Biological Aerated Filter." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5516258.

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Reports on the topic "Nitrogen filter"

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Farber, P., and H. Huang. Combined nitrogen oxides/sulfur dioxide control in a spray- dryer/fabric-filter system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7126788.

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Brown, K., H. Huang, J. Allen, and C. Livengood. Combined nitrogen oxides/sulfur dioxide control in a spray-dryer/fabric-filter system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7178213.

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Ryutov, D. Some Physics Processes in the Nitrogen-Filled Photoluminescence Cell. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/896567.

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Ryutov, D. Some Physics Processes in the Nitrogen-Filled Photoluminescence Cell - Rev. 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/896573.

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Temple, D. J., R. Ball, P. K. Weathersby, E. C. Parker, and S. S. Survanshi. The Dive Profiles and Manifestations of Decompression Sickness Cases After Air and Nitrogen-Oxygen Dives. Volume 1: Data Set Summaries, Manifestation Descriptions, and Key Files. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada451460.

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