Academic literature on the topic 'Nitrogen Phosphorus Water quality Watersheds Peipus'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nitrogen Phosphorus Water quality Watersheds Peipus"
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Thirumurthi, Ramalingaigh Dhandapani, and William C. Hart. "Chemistry of Bulk Precipitation in Halifax and its Effects on Chain and Chocolate Lakes." Water Quality Research Journal 20, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1985.008.
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Abstract Fifty-nine weekly bulk deposition samples and about 1100 lake water samples from the study area were analyzed for water quality parameters to document the bulk deposition chemistry and its effects on Chain and Chocolate Lakes. The composition of bulk deposition in Halifax (on chemical equivalent basis) was: chloride, 28 % of total ions; sodium, 25% sulfate, 15%; hydrogen, 14%; calcium, 6%; total nitrogen, 6%; magnesium, 4%; nitrate(N), 2%; ammonia(N), 1%; total phosphorus, 0.06%; and orthophosphorus, 0.03%. Marine sources contributed almost all of chloride and magnesium, 97% of sodium, 17% of sulfate, and 13% of calcium. Bulk deposition was not the major source of sodium, chloride, sulfate, calcium, magnesium, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus to the study lakes. However, it was the principal source of hydrogen, nitrogen, and total phosphorus to the forested watersheds of Chain Lakes, and of hydrogen, orthophosphorus and total phosphorus to the urbanized watershed of Chocolate Lake. The effects of these ions were not reflected in the lakes' water quality, probably because of the excess alkalinity produced in the watersheds of Chain Lakes, and also because of high flushing rates of the lakes.
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McCarty, James A., Marty D. Matlock, J. Thad Scott, and Brian E. Haggard. "Risk Indicators for Identifying Critical Source Areas in Five Arkansas Watersheds." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 3 (2018): 1025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12699.
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Abstract. Change point analysis was used to explore the interactions between watershed characteristics and concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen, total nitrogen, soluble reactive phosphorus, and total phosphorus in streams within the Ozark Highlands, Arkansas Valley, and Ouachita Mountains ecoregions of Arkansas. Thresholds were identified for multiple watershed metrics used to predict water quality, including percent forest in the catchment, agricultural and forested land use in the riparian buffer, stream density, and poultry house density. Based on the observed relationships from the sampled watersheds, we propose four risk indicators to improve the identification of critical source areas for NPS pollution mitigation: subwatersheds that have less than 50% forested area within the drainage area, less than 50% forested area in the riparian buffer zone, more than 0.9 poultry houses km-2, and a stream density that exceeds 50 m ha-1. Keywords: Nonpoint-source pollution, Source water protection, Watershed management.
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Lee, J. H., M. J. Yu, K. W. Bang, and J. S. Choe. "Evaluation of the methods for first flush analysis in urban watersheds." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 10 (November 1, 2003): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0566.
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The general tendency between the ratio of cumulative pollutant loads and the ratio of cumulative runoff appears as a nonlinear form which can be expressed in the form of a third polynomial. In this paper third degree polynomials were applied to represent the first flush curves based on the relationship between the cumulative pollutant load ratio and cumulative runoff ratio. The quantity of stormwater runoff and quality constituents, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ortho-phosphorus (PO4-P), total phosphorus (TP), n-hexane extracts (HEM), and iron (Fe) were analysed. The objectives of this study were (1) to characterize the quality of stormwater runoff (2) in order to analyse the cumulative curve area ratio and to calculate the first flush coefficients, (3) while also representing the first flush with a third polynomial equation.
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Pueppke, Steven G., Wangshou Zhang, Hengpeng Li, Dongqiang Chen, and Weixin Ou. "An Integrative Framework to Control Nutrient Loss: Insights from Two Hilly Basins in China’s Yangtze River Delta." Water 11, no. 10 (September 29, 2019): 2036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102036.
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Rapid economic development and population growth in China’s Yangtze River Delta (YRD) are exerting significant environmental pressure on the region’s land and water, especially in hilly areas where many drinking water reservoirs have been constructed. These areas, which are characterized by steep slopes and thin soils, provide critical services, including flood control, water resource supply, food production, and recreational opportunities for nearby highly developed and heavily populated areas of the delta. We contrast two of these areas—the well-studied Tianmu Lake watershed and the much larger Qiandao Lake watershed. Both face similar challenges from nitrogen and phosphorus pollution due to rapid socio-economic development, but differences in watershed size and distinctions related to political boundaries influence the range of approaches available to maintain water quality. We review experiences of controlling nutrient pollution in these watersheds as case studies, and based on that information, propose an integrated framework to minimize nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in similarly challenged watersheds. The framework, which is designed to be generalizable rather than prescriptive, emphasizes source control, delivery interception, and fate management of nutrients.
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Carey, Richard O., George J. Hochmuth, Christopher J. Martinez, Treavor H. Boyer, Vimala D. Nair, Michael D. Dukes, Gurpal S. Toor, et al. "A Review of Turfgrass Fertilizer Management Practices: Implications for Urban Water Quality." HortTechnology 22, no. 3 (June 2012): 280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.3.280.
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Urban watersheds include extensive turfgrass plantings that are associated with anthropocentric attitudes toward landscapes. Native and construction-disturbed urban soils often cannot supply adequate amounts of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for the growth and beauty of landscape plants. Hence, fertilization of landscape plants is practiced. Mismanaged fertilization and irrigation practices represent a potential source of nutrients that may contribute to water quality impairment. This review focuses on turfgrass fertilization practices and their impacts on urban water quality. Research results show that fertilization during active growth periods enhances turfgrass nutrient uptake efficiencies. The major concern regarding the fertilization of turfgrass and landscape plants in urban watersheds, therefore, is selecting the proper combination of fertilizer rate, timing, and placement that maximizes nutrient utilization efficiency and reduces the risk for nutrient loss to water bodies. Encouraging individuals to adopt best management practices (BMPs) is a priority for watershed managers. Research has found that educational programs are an important part of changing fertilization habits and that education needs to be thorough and comprehensive, which is beyond the scope of many seminars and fact sheets currently in use.
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Lee, Jong-Won, Sang-Woo Lee, Kyung-Jin An, Soon-Jin Hwang, and Nan-Young Kim. "An Estimated Structural Equation Model to Assess the Effects of Land Use on Water Quality and Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Streams of the Nam-Han River System, South Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 23, 2020): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062116.
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The extent of anthropogenic land use in watersheds determines the amount of pollutants discharged to streams. This indirectly and directly affects stream water quality and biological health. Most studies have therefore focused on ways to reduce non-point pollution sources to streams from the surrounding land use in watersheds. However, the mechanistic pathways between land use and the deterioration of stream water quality and biological assemblages remain unclear. This study estimated a structural equation model (SEM) representing the impact of agricultural and urban land use on water quality and the benthic macroinvertebrate index (BMI) using IBM AMOS in the Nam-Han river systems, South Korea. The estimated SEM showed that the percent of urban and agricultural land in the watersheds significantly affected both the water quality and the BMI of the streams. Specifically, a higher percent of urban land use had directly increased the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total phosphorus (TP), and deteriorated the BMI of streams. Similarly, higher proportions of agricultural land use had also directly increased the BOD, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, and lowered the BMI of streams. In addition, it was observed that the percent of urban and agricultural land use had indirectly deteriorated the BMI through increased BOD. However, we were not able to observe any significant indirect effect of the percent of urban and agricultural land use through increased nutrients including TN and TP. These results indicate that increased urban and agricultural land use in the watersheds had directly and indirectly affected the physicochemical characteristics and benthic macroinvertebrate communities in streams. Our findings emphasize the need to develop more elaborate environmental management and restoration strategies to improve the water quality and biological status of streams.
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Chambers, P. A., G. A. Benoy, R. B. Brua, and J. M. Culp. "Application of nitrogen and phosphorus criteria for streams in agricultural landscapes." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 11 (December 1, 2011): 2185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.760.
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Efforts to control eutrophication of water resources in agriculturally dominated ecosystems have focused on managing on-farm activities to reduce nutrient loss; however, another management measure for improving water quality is adoption of environmental performance criteria (or ‘outcome-based standards’). Here, we review approaches for setting environmental quality criteria for nutrients, summarize approaches developed in Canada for setting ‘ideal’ and ‘achievable’ nutrient criteria for streams in agricultural watersheds, and consider how such criteria could be applied. As part of a ‘National Agri-Environmental Standards Initiative’, the Government of Canada committed to the development of non-regulatory environmental performance standards that establish total P (TP) and total N (TN) concentrations to protect ecological condition of agricultural streams. Application of four approaches for defining ideal standards using only chemistry data resulted in values for TP and TN spanning a relatively narrow range of concentrations within a given ecoregion. Cross-calibration of these chemically derived standards with information on biological condition resulted in recommendations for TP and TN that would likely protect aquatic life from adverse effects of eutrophication. Non-point source water quality modelling was then conducted in a specific watershed to estimate achievable standards, i.e. chemical conditions that could be attained using currently available and recommended management practices. Our research showed that, taken together, short-term achievable standards and ultimate ideal standards could be used to set policy targets that should, if realized, lower N and P concentrations in Canadian agricultural streams and improve biotic condition.
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Sekar, Raju, Xin Jin, Shuang Liu, Jing Lu, Jianwei Shen, Yingya Zhou, Ziyang Gong, Xueying Feng, Shengjie Guo, and Wenlong Li. "Fecal Contamination and High Nutrient Levels Pollute the Watersheds of Wujiang, China." Water 13, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040457.
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Freshwaters in China are affected by point and non-point sources of pollution. The Wujiang District (Suzhou City, China) has a long history of canals, rivers, and lakes that are currently facing various water quality issues. In this study, the water quality of four rivers and a lake in Wujiang was assessed to quantify pollution and explore its causes. Seventy-five monthly samples were collected from these water bodies (five locations/samples per area) from August to October 2020 and were compared with nine control samples collected from a water protection area. Fifteen physicochemical, microbiological, and molecular–microbiological parameters were analyzed, including nutrients, total and fecal coliforms, and fecal markers. Significant monthly variation was observed for most parameters at all areas. Total phosphorus, phosphates, total nitrogen, ammonium–nitrogen, and fecal coliforms mostly exceeded the acceptable limits set by the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection. The LiPuDang Lake and the WuFangGang River were the most degraded areas. The studied parameters were correlated with urban, agricultural, industrial, and other major land use patterns. The results suggest that fecal contamination and nutrients, associated with certain land use practices, are the primary pollution factors in the Wujiang District. Detailed water quality monitoring and targeted management strategies are necessary to control pollution in Wujiang’s watersheds.
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Taylor, Milton D., Sarah A. White, Stephen J. Klaine, and Ted Whitwell. "(102) Monitoring Nutrient Mitigation at a Container Nursery Wetland: A 3-Year Study." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1049A—1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1049a.
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Container-grown plants require large amounts of water and nutrients during their production cycle. This results in substantial runoff that is contaminated with nitrogen and phosphorus. At our study site, nutrients were delivered through incorporation in the potting media as timed-release prills and through liquid feeding by injection into irrigation water. Mitigation of nutrients in runoff water was dealt with proactively by the container nursery with construction of 3.77 ha of planted wetlands to receive runoff from a 48.6-ha drainage basin and excess water diverted from adjacent watersheds. Water flowed though drains between wetland cells and eventually into stilling ponds before it was allowed to exit the property. Water flow through the wetlands ranged from 1.1 to 3.1 million liters per day over the period. Three years of monitoring data indicate some seasonal differences in nitrogen removal efficiencies. Nitrogen removal between March and November averaged ≥95% while removal during winter (December through February) averaged ≥72%. Nitrogen (as nitrate) varied from 4.28 ppm to ≤0.01 ppm in wetland discharge, well below drinking water quality standards, but occasionally above levels that may cause downstream eutrophication. Orthophosphate phosphorus removal was highly variable with greatest removal occurring during late spring, late fall, and winter. There was a significant net export of phosphorus during some summer months for years 2 and 3. Phosphorus levels in wetland discharge ranged between 0.84 and 2.75 ppm. While there is currently no legal water quality standard for phosphorus, these levels were above the generally accepted level for preventing downstream eutrophication.
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McDonald, Robert I., Katherine F. Weber, Julie Padowski, Tim Boucher, and Daniel Shemie. "Estimating watershed degradation over the last century and its impact on water-treatment costs for the world’s large cities." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 32 (July 25, 2016): 9117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605354113.
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Urban water systems are impacted by land use within their source watersheds, as it affects raw water quality and thus the costs of water treatment. However, global estimates of the effect of land cover change on urban water-treatment costs have been hampered by a lack of global information on urban source watersheds. Here, we use a unique map of the urban source watersheds for 309 large cities (population > 750,000), combined with long-term data on anthropogenic land-use change in their source watersheds and data on water-treatment costs. We show that anthropogenic activity is highly correlated with sediment and nutrient pollution levels, which is in turn highly correlated with treatment costs. Over our study period (1900–2005), median population density has increased by a factor of 5.4 in urban source watersheds, whereas ranching and cropland use have increased by a factor of 3.4 and 2.0, respectively. Nearly all (90%) of urban source watersheds have had some level of watershed degradation, with the average pollutant yield of urban source watersheds increasing by 40% for sediment, 47% for phosphorus, and 119% for nitrogen. We estimate the degradation of watersheds over our study period has impacted treatment costs for 29% of cities globally, with operation and maintenance costs for impacted cities increasing on average by 53 ± 5% and replacement capital costs increasing by 44 ± 14%. We discuss why this widespread degradation might be occurring, and strategies cities have used to slow natural land cover loss.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nitrogen Phosphorus Water quality Watersheds Peipus"
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Mourad, Daniël S. J. "Patterns of nutrient transfer in lowland catchments : a case study from northeastern Europe /." Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Faculteit Geowetenschappen Universiteit Utrecht, 2008. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0804/2008400395.html.
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Rodgers, Lisa. "Synthesis of Water Quality Data and Modeling Non-Point Loading in Four Coastal B.C. Watersheds: Implications for Lake and Watershed Health and Management." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6999.
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I compared and contrasted nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and land use differences in two oligotrophic lakes (Sooke and Shawnigan) and two meso-eutrophic lakes (St. Mary and Elk) in order to evaluate nutrient concentrations over time, and evaluate the relationship between in-lake nutrients and land use in the surrounding watershed. I used MapShed© nutrient transport modeling software to estimate the mass load of phosphorus and nitrogen to each lake, and evaluated the feasibility of land use modifications for reducing in-lake nutrients. In comparing nitrogen and phosphorus data in Sooke and Shawnigan Lakes, I determined that natural watershed characteristics (i.e., precipitation, topography, and soils) did not account for the elevated nutrient concentrations in Shawnigan verses Sooke Lake. Natural watershed characteristics indicated that external loads into Shawnigan Lake would be lesser-than or equal to those into Sooke Lake if both watersheds were completely forested. I evaluated trends of in-lake nutrient concentrations for Sooke and Shawnigan Lakes, as well as two eutrophic lakes, St. Mary and Elk. Ten to 30-year trends indicate that nitrogen and phosphorus levels in these lakes have not changed significantly over time. Time-segmented data showed that nutrient trends are mostly in decline or are maintaining a steady-state. Most nutrient concentration data are not precipitation-dependent, and this, coupled with significant correlations to water temperature and dissolved oxygen, indicate that in-lake processes are the primary influence on lake nutrient concentrations -- not external loading. External loading was estimated using, MapShed©, a GIS-based watershed loading software program. Model validation results indicate that MapShed© could be used to determine the effect of external loading on lake water quality if accurate outflow volumes are available. Based on various land-cover scenarios, some reduction in external loading may be achieved through land-based restoration (e.g., reforestation), but the feasibility of restoration activities are limited by private property. Given that most of the causal loads were determined to be due to in-lake processes, land-based restoration may not be the most effective solution for reducing in-lake nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations.Graduate
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Johnstone, Joseph A. "Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Carbon Dynamics during Storms in a Glaciated Third-Order Watershed in the US Midwest." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3460.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)The characterization of the nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon (NPC) export to streams during storms is an integral part of understanding processes affecting water quality. Despite the fact that excessive levels of these nutrients in the Mississippi River basin adversely affects water quality in the Gulf of Mexico, little research has been conducted on NPC dynamics during storms on larger (>20 km2) agriculturally dominated Midwestern watersheds. This project examined the storm export of nitrate, ammonium, total phosphorus, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the upper Eagle Creek Watershed (UECW) (274 km2) in Central Indiana, USA. Water samples were collected during five winter and spring storms in 2007 and 2008 on the rising and falling limb of the hydrograph, in order to characterize NPC dynamics during storm events. Stream discharge and precipitation was monitored continuously, and major cations were used to examine changes in source water over the duration of the storm and assist in the determination of potential flowpaths. DOC, total P, and TKN (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen) tended to peak with discharge, while nitrate usually exhibited a slight lag and peaked on the receding limb. Total phosphorus, NH3-, TKN, and DOC appear to be delivered to the stream primarily by overland flow. NO3--N appear to be delivered by a combination of tile drain and macropore flow. Overall UECW displayed smoother nutrient export patterns than smaller previously studied watersheds in the area suggesting that scale may influence nutrient export dynamics. Further research is underway on a 3000 km2 watershed in the area to further examine the role scale may play in nutrient export patterns.
Books on the topic "Nitrogen Phosphorus Water quality Watersheds Peipus"
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Patterns of nutrient transfer in lowland catchments: A case study from northeastern Europe. Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, Faculteit Geowetenschappen Universiteit Utrecht, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Nitrogen Phosphorus Water quality Watersheds Peipus"
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"Fishery Resources, Environment, and Conservation in the Mississippi and Yangtze (Changjiang) River Basins." In Fishery Resources, Environment, and Conservation in the Mississippi and Yangtze (Changjiang) River Basins, edited by Yushun Chen, Mike Daniels, Michele Reba, Jennifer Bouldin, Chris Henry, Pearl Daniel, Sagar Shrestha, et al. American Fisheries Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874448.ch14.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Agriculture has been identified as a potential leading source of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and sediment enrichment of water bodies within the Mississippi River basin (MRB) and contributes to impaired water quality and biological resources in the MRB and the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM). This study reviewed agriculture, impacts on water quality and biological resources, and a brief introduction of watershed conservation programs in the MRB. Agriculture has increased nutrients and sediment loads to the Mississippi River and the northern GOM since the 1950s. Fish and macroinvertebrate communities have shifted, and low oxygen and high-turbidity-tolerant groups became dominant. In addition to existing conservation practices such as the Conservation Reserve Program through the 1985 farm bill and other related programs (e.g., the Wetlands Reserve Program), a recent basin-wide conservation initiative—the Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative (MRBI)—was launched by U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service in 2010. The MRBI provides financial incentives (more than US$222 million) to producers and landowners in 640 watersheds of 13 states to implement voluntary conservation practices that improve water quality, restore wetlands, enhance wildlife habitat, and sustain agricultural profitability. Edge-of-field and watershed monitoring have been initiated through the MRBI and related agricultural conservation programs such as Section 319 of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Clean Water Act and new initiatives such as the Discovery Farms program in Arkansas, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota, Pioneer Farm in Wisconsin, the Louisiana Master Farmer Program in Louisiana, and others in the MRB states. These efforts will greatly improve downstream watershed ecosystem health by avoiding, controlling, and trapping nutrient and sediment runoff from agricultural fields to the Mississippi River and GOM. Although there continues to be problems with nutrient transport, sedimentation, and depleted groundwater supplies, agriculture will likely have less influence on the future ecological health condition of the Mississippi River and GOM. Future restoration programs need to focus more on state or regional coordination by classifying restoration projects and standardizing the geographic scale and evaluation methods across the whole MRB.
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"Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine." In Advancing an Ecosystem Approach in the Gulf of Maine, edited by Glenn Benoy, Eric Luiker, and Joseph Culp. American Fisheries Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874301.ch16.
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Abstract.—Estuarine and coastal ecosystems of the Gulf of Maine continue to be degraded by excessive loadings of sediments, nutrients, and contaminants derived from surrounding watersheds. The Saint John River basin is the largest basin in the Gulf of Maine, and within it there are a significant number of major industries along the main stem of the river and vast expanses of land-based activities of forestry and potato production along many of the river valleys and floodplains. Water quality and loading of sediments and nutrients have changed over the past few hundred years, with the most important changes coming with the expansion of agriculture and pulp and paper processing operations since the 1950s. Several studies are discussed in this chapter that outline the identification and quantification of watershed-based activities that influence the Saint John River ecosystem. Using export coefficient modeling, nonpoint sources of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Bay of Fundy are shown to be three to four times that of point sources. Few studies explicitly couple river dynamics to estimates of load to the Saint John River estuary and the Bay of Fundy. With high-quality geographic information on land coverage, land usage and human activities, and robust water quantity and quality monitoring programs, analytical models can be developed to help evaluate policy options and chart pathways towards a more integrated understanding and management of the basin and its receiving waters.