Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nitruration'
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Leblond, Edith. "Nitruration de l'aluminium par voies ioniques." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECDL0005.
Full textGoret, Vincent. "Modélisation de la nitruration : prise en compte de la géométrie des pièces traitées." Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENAM0053.
Full textHamon, Yohann. "Nitruration de verres conducteurs ioniques en couches minces." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007239.
Full textMonier, Guillaume. "Nanostructuration de surfaces de GaAs : oxydation et nitruration." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00673419.
Full textWeil, Hadrien. "Modélisation du besoin fonctionnel pour la nitruration gazeuse." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0037.
Full textGaseous nitriding is a thermochemical treatment that improves fatigue strength by providing important mechanical properties such as increased hardness and residual compressive stresses. This study is carried out on a 33CrMoV12-9 steel used in the aeronautical industry. A complete model adapted to this grade allows to quantify the residual stress and hardness profiles as a function of the nitriding parameters. Taking into account the contribution of these mechanical properties is possible thanks to the use of fatigue criterion such as Crossland. This type of criterion is integrated in a methodology in order to calculate the fatigue limit in a nitrided layer and to predict the resistance of the workpiece, as well as the potential initiation zone of rupture according to a load, a lifetime And a given break probability. The combination of the model for the calculation of mechanical properties (hardness and residual stresses) and the prediction of the initiation of rupture in a nitrided material, makes possible an inverse method allowing to calculate the nitriding parameters adapted to a load suffered. This approach is justified in the case of gaseous nitriding because it has been demonstrated in this study that this treatment remains robust against the loading undergone by the workpiece
Rochet, François. "Mécanismes d'oxydation et de nitruration du silicium monocristallin." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600728p.
Full textBidaud, Maud. "Croissance et caracterisation d'oxydes de grille ultra-minces (1 - 2,5 nm) pour les technologies CMOS 0. 10-0. 12 micromètres." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0035.
Full textContinuous scaling of the gate oxide thickness is mandatory to improve MOS performances. However, this involves deleterious effects as increasing complexity of the oxide thickness metrology, rising tunneling gate leakage, dropping reliability of the dielectric and boron diffusion from the gate to the channel of PMOS structures. To challenge previous issues, we propose several RTP technical solutions. First, we substitute wet RTP oxide, so-called ISSG, for conventional dry oxide. So, we improve significantly the dielectric lifetime with no change of the gate leakage. Advanced electrical and physical analyses make us conclude this improvement is due to a densification of the material. To reduce the gate leakage, the ISSG oxide is then annealed in a NO ambience. Using many quantification techniques, we demonstrate that the nitrogen piles up at the Si-Si02 interface with incorporated N doses up to 3. 1015 at. Cm-. Moreover, we show the dielectric behaves as an efficient blocking barrier against boron diffusion, and allows reducing the gate leakage dawn to 8x. However, this nitridation process goes along with a simultaneous re-oxidation of the bottom oxide. Consequently, the physical and electrical oxide thicknesses increase, leading to degraded device performances. To free from this effect, we introduce two other plasma nitridation processes (RPN and DPN). We show them to be highly promising since they allow decreasing the gate leakage with no change of the oxide thickness
Marchand, Jean-Luc. "Contribution à la modélisation du procédé de nitruration ionique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10180.
Full textRodriguez, Stéphane. "Nitruration du titane par décharge couronne en atmosphère d'ammoniac." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES064.
Full textMessaoudi, Salim. "Approches thermodynamique et expérimentale de la nitruration des aciers." Perpignan, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PERP0472.
Full textAmong the various processes that are available to nitride iron alloys, the thermal nitriding process which uses NH3/H2 mixtures is extremely attractive as it allows controlling the nature of the nitride formed. However, this process is still difficult to control in a reproducible way. In the present work, we used thermodynamic calculations to predict the nature of the phases formed under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions as a function of the nitriding potential: rN = PNH3/(PH2)3/2. Those results were favourably compared to our experimental results. We developed an original method to localise the border between phases as a function of rN
Haim, Lorraine. "Etude de la nitruration de nanoparticules de fer zérovalent." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30034.
Full textThe need in permanent magnets is increasing steadily because they are used in many electronic devices in our daily life. However, they are composed of materials that are either toxic (like cobalt) or extremely polluting to extract (like neodymium or samarium) and rare in Europe. To reduce our dependence on rare earths and have more environment friendly and sustainable materials at our disposal, the study of new magnetic phases is essential. Among the suitable materials, iron nitrides are very promising and especially the alpha"-Fe_16N_2 phase. This semi-hard material has a saturation magnetization greater than bulk iron, a magnetic anisotropy close to that of rare earths-based magnetic materials, and it is constituted by inexpensive and non-toxic elements. All the above make this phase ideal for the development of new permanent magnets. Thus the subject of this thesis is the study of the nitriding process of iron (0) nanoparticles in order to obtain the alpha"-Fe_16N_2 phase. Producing this material at the nanometric scale has several advantages: 1) a higher surface/volume ratio which increases reactivity and should facilitate the incorporation of nitrogen, which allows to use milder treatment conditions (<200°C) and to have a better shape control; 2) the reduction in size should induce an increase of the anisotropy of the nitride phase, and therefore a harder magnet. The procedure proposed for the formation of these nanoparticles starts with the controlled synthesis of iron (0) nanoparticles, and, in a second part, with the study of the reactivity of these nanoparticles with a nitrogen source (dinitrogen or ammonia). Two types of gas phase treatment were implemented: a pressure process and a flow process. Firstly, we studied the synthesis of iron nanoparticles. Two precursors, iron (II) bis trimethylsilylamide {Fe[N(SiMe_3)_2]_2}_2 and bis (bisdiphenylamido) iron (II) {Fe[NPh_2]_2}_2 were compared. Several synthetic routes have been followed: decomposition of the precursor alone, addition of different ligands or synthesis in the presence of a polymer matrix; and various parameters were tested (temperature, ratio of reactants, synthesis time, etc.). This optimization work, mainly carried out based on electron microscopy analysis and magnetic measurements, has enabled us to obtain nanoparticles whose surface properties are in line with the treatments allowing the incorporation of nitrogen, and of parallelepiped shape. The treatment of nanoparticles of iron (0) by exposure to N_2 or NH_3 confirmed that ammonia has a stronger reactivity towards the iron surface and made it possible to synthesize different phases of iron nitride such as Fe_3N, Fe_4N and Fe_2N, often in the form of phase mixtures. However, the optimization of the synthesis parameters made it possible to form the Fe_2N phase with a high degree of purity which could be fully characterized by DRX, VSM, ICP-AES and high-resolution microscopy. This work validates the choice of the two-step synthesis strategy and makes it possible to select the best suited iron nanoparticles to the formation of iron nitride phases
Marchand, Jean-Luc. "Contribution à la modélisation du procédé de nitruration ionique." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376156609.
Full textPetit, Matthieu. "Etude par spectroscopies électroniques de la nitruration du phosphure d'indium." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011393.
Full textL'étude du processus de nitruration de l'InP(100) nécessite d'avoir une parfaite connaissance de l'état de la surface des substrats. Cette étude a été menée en employant différentes spectroscopies électroniques : spectroscopie des électrons Auger, des photoélectrons X, des pertes d'énergie des électrons et spectroscopie des électrons réfléchis élastiquement. Les effets du bombardement ionique -étape préalable à la nitruration- et du chauffage à une température égale à celle utilisée pour la nitruration ont été analysés. Le bombardement ionique entraîne la création de cristallites d'indium métallique qui subissent une transformation 3D-2D sous l'effet de la température.
La nitruration est réalisée dans un bâti ultravide. L'échantillon d'InP est exposé à un flux d'azote actif produit par une source à décharge haute tension. Les espèces azotées consomment les cristallites d'indium métallique précédemment créés par le bombardement ionique pour former de l'InN. Les effets du temps d'exposition au flux d'azote ainsi que de l'incidence du flux par rapport à la surface de l'échantillon ont été étudiés. Il s'est avéré que pour 40 minutes d'exposition sous une incidence rasante l'épaisseur des couches de nitrure était la plus importante.
L'étude d'un recuit des monocouches atomiques d'InN sur substrat d'InP à 450°C a montré le pouvoir passivant du film de nitrure puisque aucune détérioration du substrat n'a été constaté alors que la température de congruence de l'InP est de 370°C.
Barrallier, Laurent. "Genese des contraintes residuelles de nitruration. Etude experimentale et modelisation." Paris, ENSAM, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENAM0013.
Full textMahjboub, Karim. "Usure des matrices de forgeage à chaud des aciers phénomènes physiques et modélisation." ENSMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0853.
Full textGarcia, Roge Vololoniaina. "Nitruration superficielle de SiO2 à basse température activée par des électrons de basse énergie." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22097.
Full textDaffos, Christophe. "Endommagement des outillages de forgeage traités par nitruration : Etude et modélisation." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000286/.
Full textThe fatigue life of tool steels is controlled by internal and superficial damage. On the surface, the initiation of crack can be described by the interactions between fatigue and environment. Differences between cyclic and static oxidation rules have been observed. In the core, microstructural evolutions due to temperature and mechanical sollicitations exist and can be quantified. In fact, under cyclic stress and high temperature, the microstructural composition (precipitate distribution) and the physical properties change during the test (dislocation density). The use of nitrided coating modified the surface oxidation kinetic. Moreover, nitruration treatment can increase the fatigue life while the imposed mechanical deformation is menus than a critical deformation value (about 1%). Quasi-fragile behavior of nitrided coating is observed for strain higher than 1%. In order to predict the fatigue life, two predictive models have been elaborated in laboratory depending on thermo-mechanical conditions. The first, based on Manson Coffin formulation, introduces plastic strain as main factor. The second describes precisely cracking phenomenons with initiation and propagation phases. The effect of oxidation is introduced. These two models permit to predict the duration of life in thermal fatigue configurations. The validation of our model uses the results of other laboratories. Moreover, the comparison between these two predictive models permits to better understand the damaging mechanical mechanism. In the end, Manson Coffin rule successes in defining the number of cycles to propagate the main crack
Bédouin, Yvan. "Nitruration d'un alliage titane-niobium à bas module pour l'implantologie orale." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B032.
Full textThis work was performed in collaboration with the Metallurgical Chemistry team of the Institute of Chemical Sciences of Rennes and the Biomaterials Laboratory of the Faculty of Dentistry of Université de Rennes1. The low modulus Ti-27Nb (at. %) alloy with non-toxic elements was nitrided for the first time in this study for dental implant applications. The alloy was firstly synthetized by cold crucible levitation melting technique. A high temperature gas nitriding treatment was then carried out in order to improve the wear and corrosion resistance. The structural analysis was performed by X-ray diffraction and the microstructure was observed by optical microscopy and by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical analysis was performed by Energy Dispersion Spectrometry. Superficial mechanical properties were then studied by nano-indentation and ball-on-disc tribological tests. Conventional and tensile tests were realized. The biocompatibility was evaluated by in vitro tests performed on human osteoblasts, fibroblastic cells and epithelial cells. Cell proliferation and differentiation were studied as well as cell morphology. All of the observed properties make the nitrided Ti-27Nb alloy particularly suitable for enhanced longevity of dental implants
Dubray, Jean-Jacques. "Stimulation superficielle de la réaction de nitruration de films minces de silice par voies : thermique, sous faisceau d'électrons, et plasma." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX22059.
Full textJacq, Christophe Lormand Gérard Nelias Daniel. "Limite d'endurance et durée de vie en fatigue de roulement du 32CrMoV13 nitruré en présence d'indentations." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=jacq.
Full textGuillot, Benjamin. "Etude de procédés de préparation de surface avant nitruration - fiabilité du procédé." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0068/document.
Full textThe gaseous nitriding of steel parts is a thermochemical process that generates a mechanical properties gradient at the surface by nitrogen diffusion. The treated parts indicate an important residual stress and hardness gradient, optimized for power transmission applications used in aeronautics and motor sports. The increase of nitrogen concentration is due to the catalytic decomposition of ammonia at the iron-based surface of parts. However, the process is extremely sensitive to the surface state of parts that includes geometrical, mechanical but also chemical properties. This state can inhibit the catalytic decomposition properties and the nitrogen diffusion. This deactivation can have different origins, such as the adsorption of a poisoning element or the fouling of the surface of the parts. The catalytic deactivation phenomenon is studied since decades. However, few publications are available in the case of its application in the specific case of the gaseous nitriding of steel. A better understanding of the nitriding inhibition would improve the reliability of this industrial process. In order to answer this demand, an experimental approach, based on industrial case and bibliographical study, is proposed. A pollution study obtained from machining oil residues, carbon deposit, or sulfur poisoning is proposed. Moreover, an experimental approach, aiming to determine the impact of initial mechanical properties on the nitriding process is proposed. Thermogravimetric analyses coupled to observations and mechanical properties analyses enable to develop the knowledge of the nitrided surfaces deactivation processes. After this study, the surface activation capacity of three in-situ processes, namely oxidation, urea and ammonium chloride, over the previously studied contaminations is determined
FRANCE, PUPIER CHANTAL. "Nitruration d'un acier a outils : durcissement structural et comportement mecanique des outils." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0793.
Full textPonticaud-Laurent, Carine. "Etude de la nitruration de l'alliage de titane le Ti-6A1-4V." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0066.
Full textThe aim of studying the titanium alloy, Ti-6A1-4V, nitridation is to give more oxidation resistance and a better superficial hardness to this material. In order to understand and better know all the mechanisms, two surfaces treatments have been studied. First, it is the gaseous nitridation and second, to find a quicker treatment realisable at atmospheric pressure, plasma jet nitridation has been studied. In the case of gaseous nitridation, it has been proved that reaction is governed by a single mechanism, whatever the temperature is (between 1175°C and 1300°C), based upon the nitrogen diffusion toward the substrate. This diffusion creates nitrided phases succession going from the( )-TiN stoechiometric nitride to the α-(Ti, N) phase. In the substrate's hearth, α-(Ti,N) and β-(Ti, N) needles appear. For the superficial plasma jet nitridation of the titanium alloy, we have demonstrated that the reaction can occur at atmospheric pressure, thanks to a round injector, put in near the substrate surface (in our case 10 mm). To increase the surface reactivity, a heating cycle can be imposed to the sample. In less than 15 minutes, the surface has a golden and homogeneous colour and the surface's hardness is considerably increased (by ywo)
Molle, Pascale. "Nitruration du silicium : application à l'isolation de champ des transistors MOS submicroniques." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0124.
Full textAbisset, Sandrine. "Optimisation de l'adhérence de revêtements dans le système V-C-N par MOCVD." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT001G.
Full textGinter, Caroline. "Influence des éléments d'alliage sur les mécanismes de nano-précipitation et sur les mécanismes de durcissement d'alliages modèles (Fe-Cr et Fe-Cr-C) et d'aciers industriels nitrurés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_GINTER_C.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with high tech industries. It concerns the behavior of gas-nitrided (520°C) alloyed steels, in terms of nano-precipitation mechanisms, with incidence on hardening. Nano-precipitates characterization was performed by HRTEM and nano-probe EDX, complemented by thermodynamic phases calculations, with the help of Thermo-Calc software. The study carried out on nitrided binary (Fe-Cr) and ternary (Fe-Cr-C) alloys, allowed to propose a new explanation about nitrogen excess: nitrides (Fe,Cr)N precipitation. Chromium and initial microstructure effects on hardening were determined, and precipitation mechanisms explained. Investigations conducted on about 10 nitrided industrial steels, confirmed that chromium and aluminium are the most influent alloying elements on hardening. The 32CrMoV13 and 30CrAlMo6. 12 industrial steels characterization resulted in identifying the role of those elements and the one of initial microstructure on precipitation mechanisms, and their impact on hardening. Nitrogen excess, systematically pointed out above the surface, is related to (Fe,Cr,Al,Mo,Mn,V)N mixed nitrides and iron nitrides (in presence of Al) precipitation. It was demonstrated that nanometric platelets MN are mainly responsible for hardening. Concerning industrial application, this study led to optimize the nitrided industrial steels composition, in order to reduce thermochemical cycles, while keeping mechanical properties
Derradji, Abdelhafid. "Contribution a l'etude des depots de nitrure de zirconium a l'air et sous atmosphere controlee d'azote." Limoges, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIMO0015.
Full textSylvestre, Manuel. "Etude en fretting, sous conditions thermiques et vibratoires sévères, de paliers avec butées en matériaux carbonés imprégnés en contact avec des arbres en acier ou en alliage de titanes nitrurés." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2010/Sylvestre-Manuel/2010-Sylvestre-Manuel-These.pdf.
Full textA lot of mechanical assemblies are subjected to vibratory solicitations. This type of solicitations can caused small amplitude displacements between the elements in dry contact (fretting). The micro-sliding between the surfaces cause degradations, which can strongly deteriorate the reliability of the structures. The study presented in this thesis has to objective to ameliorate the understanding of the tribological phenomenon in a shaft / bearing contact with thrust submitted at fretting solicitations at high temperature. The contact is dry, there is no fluid lubricant consequently the materials of the contact accommodate the displacements between the surfaces. In this goal, the bearings are made of amorphous carbon or graphite. The shafts are made in stainless steel and titanium alloy. In order to ameliorate the tribological behaviour of the bearings different impregnations of the amorphous carbon and graphite with metals and polymer have been tested. The tribological behaviours of impregnations are very different with the high temperature and the observations have showed that the impregnations are more efficient with a graphite structure. Nitriding treatments assisted by plasma, of the stainless steel and of the titanium alloy have been tested to ameliorate the tribological properties of the shafts. Nitriding treatment is very efficient with the titanium alloy with an increase of the wear resistance and of the adhesion. With the stainless steel the results are less sensible because of an increase of the surface roughness during the nitriding treatment which causes an increase of the abrasion of the bearing materials
Foissac, Corinne. "Diagnostics spectroscopiques des plasmas froids dans l'azote et le mélange azote-hydrogène en écoulement : étude de faisabilité d'un procédé de nitruration d'un verre de phosphate." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-362.pdf.
Full textLa validite des temperatures rotationnelles et translationnelles a rendre compte de la temperature du gaz est discutee. Par ailleurs, une methode originale de determination de ce parametre, basee sur la mesure de la temperature d'une lame plongee dans le plasma, est elaboree. La cinetique des especes (n 2(a 3 + u) et n( 4s 0) dans l'ionisation secondaire est discutee. L'invariance de la densite atomique dans cette zone temoigne d'une cinetique controlee par les lois des gaz parfaits et de transport. En revanche, il est etabli une production locale de l'espece n 2(a 3 + u) dans la post-decharge. Les implications de ces resultats sont discutees. Dans la partie b, la faisabilite de la nitruration du verre de metaphosphate de sodium assistee par plasmas est demontree. Un diagnostic spectroscopique de ces milieux, axe principalement sur la determination de la temperature du gaz, est realise. Une source plasma originale, utilisant une cavite helicoidale, est employee et caracterisee. Les analyses par spectroscopie de photoelectrons induits par rayons x et infrarouge permettent d'estimer l'efficacite des differents traitements plasmas
Foissac, Corinne Supiot Philippe. "Diagnostics spectroscopiques des plasmas froids dans l'azote et le mélange azote-hydrogène en écoulement étude de faisabilité d'un procédé de nitruration d'un verre de phosphate /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2000-362-363.pdf.
Full textPetat, Bertrand. "Contribution à l'étude de la nitruration du fer par un plasma continu-pulsé." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10541.
Full textJegou, Sébastien. "Influence des éléments d'alliage sur la genèse des contraintes résiduelles d'aciers nitrurés." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005632.
Full textSerrari, Allal. "Etude de la nitruration thermique, à pression atmosphérique, de l'oxyde de silicium et du silicium." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112404.
Full textThermal nitridation of silicon and oxidized silicon provides best dielectric properties than thin silicon dioxide used in M. O. S. Technology, that is the interest to study them. The nitridation was performed at atmospheric pressure in a furnace under NH3 at high temperature (900°C-1100°C) for various times between 5 secondes and 2 heures. In order to understand the mechanism of nitridation, the influence of several parameters on the chemical composition of the resulting layers has been studied. The physico-chemical characterization was carried-out throught complementary analysis technics such as: nuclear reaction analysis, Auger electron and Xray spectrometries, secondary ion mass spectrometry and ellipsometry. It has been shown that the nitridation of silicon gives layers containing oxygen. Their thickness increases with time and temperature but saturates after one hour (80 A at 1100°C). Nitrided silicon dioxide (oxinitride) is inhomogenous with a nitrogen-rich surface layer and a pile-up of nitrogen at the interface oxinitride/silicon. This pile-up was observed for a 30 secondes nitridation of a 450 A oxide/ that mean a diffusion coefficient of 3. 10-13 cm2/s. The diffusion coefficient decreases rapidly with nitridation time, reach 10-15cm2 /s for 10 minutes. The nitrogen incorporation in the oxide film is accompagned with a de- crease of the oxygen amount. The atomic transport mecanism of oxygen during the nitridation was studied by using isotopique oxides. A model for the nitridation mechanism has been proposed. High frequency (1 MHZ) capacitance-voltage measurements were used in order to determine the flatband voltage and fixed charges in the formed layers. The properties of oxidation-resistance revealed by the layer have been pointed-out
Chollet, Sébastien. "Étude des modifications microstructurales de superalliages à base nickel induites par nitruration assistée plasma." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2293/document.
Full textNickel-based superalloys are commonly used in pressurized water heat exchangers or in the hottest sections of aeroengines or industrial gas turbines, where they are subjected to high temperature and severe mechanical solicitations (fatigue, creep). To allow use of those materials in more and more difficult operating conditions and to improve their duration, different nitriding treatments have been proposed to harden the surface while maintaining or improving their mechanical strength and chemical resistance. However, modifications induced by nitriding, resulting stability in time and influences of the initial microstructure are still poorly understood in these complex materials. In this work, we investigated the behavior of plasma nitriding on superalloys according to their initial microstructure and chemical composition. Thus, different types of Nickel-based superalloys were selected with various microstructures, possibly including precipitates like Ni3(Al, Ti, Nb) and/or Ni3(Nb). Then, we have characterized the modifications induced by nitrogen introduction in the materials after nitriding treatment at low temperature (400°C): lattice expansion, generation of residual stress, precipitates behavior, nitrides formation, plasticity, anisotropy... The results suggest different behaviors depending on the composition of precipitates. Finally, these structural modifications and their evolutions have been studied during an annealing at higher temperature (650°C) in order to study the stability of the nitrided layers
Iacob, Constantin. "Transfert thermique et transfert de masse en lit fluidise. Application à la nitruration d'aciers." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES020.
Full textReilhac, Pierre. "Influence du traitement de nitruration ionique sur les propriétés fonctionnelles des aciers inoxydables martensitiques." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS005.
Full textThe nitriding process of steels is a well known thermochemical surface treatment generally used for manufacturing components of type sprocket or gearings, requiring high superficial hardness. The aim of our present work is mainly focused on the optimizing of the nitriding treatment in order to understand the relationship between the metallurgical state and the marine corrosion resistance of nitrided martensitic stainless steels thanks to a multi-scale approach. Nitriding were performed by a low temperature plasma treatment (Direct Current mode). The objective is to understand the relationship between the metallurgical state of the nitrided layer and its corrosion resistance thanks to a multi scale analysis and characterization. The evolution of microstructure is studied by electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) and X-ray diffraction. An increase of the thickness of the nitrided layer with temperature is observed and a precipitation of CrN and others nitrided phases (ε, γ’ ou α’N) in relation with temperature treatment for each alloys occurred. The electrochemical properties of nitrided samples are assessed by voltametry test and Mott-Schottky test. The results highlight a thermal effect and an impact of the compound layers on resistance to pitting corrosion. Relations were established between different nitrided sublayers, their nature and the properties of corrosion resistance. Tribological tests have also been occurred, allow to observe a significant improvement in wear resistance properties (hardness, wear resistance)
Benamar, Ahmad. "Nitruration des couches minces d'oxyde de silicium par activation thermique et par simulation electronique." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0067.
Full textGANEM, JEAN-JACQUES. "Mecanismes de croissance de dielectriques par nitruration et par oxydation thermique rapide du silicium." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077065.
Full textBouanis, Fatima Zahra. "Amélioration des propriétés anticorrosion d’un acier au carbone par nitruration par plasma froid radiofréquence." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10183.
Full textThe aim of this work concerns the study of the improvement of the corrosion resistance in acidic medium (1M HCl) and mechanical properties of carbon steel (XC38) using a radiofrequency cold plasma nitriding process. The originality of this work consists in nitriding substrates using nitrogen cold plasma, where the process temperature is roughly ambient temperature and without heating the substrate. The nitriding was carried using nitrogen and nitrogen/ hydrogen plasma gas mixtures. The hydrogen role in the plasma consists not only in reducing the iron oxide layer on the substrate, but also accelerates the nitrogen diffusion in the substrate. Surface characterizations performed by means of the Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that the treatment plasma induces the formation of a layer where the nitrided thickness is higher than ten microns for long treatment times (8h). The mechanical properties were studied by Vickers microhardness. The surface microhardness of the nitrided steel increases as the plasma processing time increases to reach a maximum of 1057Hv0.005 for the nitrided sample that was treated during 8h, when compared to sample untreated (247Hv0.005). The improvement of the corrosion resistance properties were investigated by gravimetric and electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarisation curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 1M HCl medium. For the optimal conditions of treatment, the inhibition efficiency obtained is more than 95 % for 8h of treatment and remains constant for immersion times higher than 72h in aggressive medium (HCl 1M)
Rida, Marwan. "Simulation numérique des phénomènes de transport lors de la nitruration gazeuse avec des mélanges NH₃-h₂ et NH₃-H₂-N₂." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL155N.
Full textChhun, Sonarith. "Etude des propriétés et de l'intégration de barrières auto-positionnées sur cuivre formées par des procédés de siliciuration et de dépôts auto-catalytiques dans les interconnexions des circuits intégrés microélectroniques des générations 45 nm." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0083/these.pdf.
Full textThe contribution of standard dielectric barriers to signal propagation and reliability performance degradation speeds up as interconnects dimensions scale down. Self-aligned barriers, in replacement of standard dielectric barriers avoid the contribution of dielectric barriers to the lateral coupling capacitance and enhance adhesion between copper and its capping material, which interface is known to limit interconnect lifetime. In this study, two self-aligned processes are investigated : CuSiN processes, which consist in incorporating silicon and nitrogen atoms into copper to form a CuSiN layer, and CoWP/B processes, based on electroless growth of CoWP/B alloy localized above copper. We evidenced that contrary to CuSiN material, CoWP/B is not a barrier against copper diffusion and against oxydation. Therefore, only CuSiN is suitable for self-aligned barrier formation. Although CuSiN processes are fully compatible with integration processes and materials used in this study, etch and post-etch cleaning steps are critical for CoWP/B integration. However, we succeed in integrating and preserving CoWP/B integrity without degrading electrical performances. In a 65nm technology node, CuSiN processes improve interconnect lifetime up to a factor of 10 whereas the gain using CoWP/B is higher than 70 X. CuSiN processes integration within the 45nm node would help to reach rapidly its reliability criterion. Interconnects with CoWP/B cap which exhibit better resistance against very high current densities, are suitable for the most advanced technology nodes to fulfil their reliability criteria
Aboulkassim, Bouabdelli. "Etude d'un reacteur a lit fluide chauffe par jet plasma d'arc : application a la synthese d'oxynitrures." Limoges, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIMO0044.
Full textSennour, Mohamed Esnouf Claude. "Apport de la microscopie électronique en transmission et de la spectroscopie EELS à la caractérisation de nitrures (AIN, CrN) dans le fer et l'alliage Fe-Cr." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2003. http://csidoc.insa-lyon.fr/these/2002/sennour/index.html.
Full textPerito, Cardoso Rodrigo Belmonte Thierry Henrion Gérard. "Plasmas micro-ondes en cavité résonnante à la pression atmosphérique étude des plasmas d'hélium et applications au traitement des matériaux /." S. l. : INPL, 2007. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2007_PERITO_CARDOSO_R.pdf.
Full textTouimi, Saïd. "Procédé de nitruration de films minces de molybdène dans des plasmas (Ar-N2-H2) étendus activés par microonde : diagnostic du plasma et du matériau." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/50eb5e8f-97a8-40bc-8572-46034a8c49c6/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4004.pdf.
Full textThe attractive mechanical and chemical properties as high wear and corrosion resistance as well as good catalytic properties make transition metal nitrides and especially MoN and Mo2Nvery suitable for various applications. Nitriding experiments are carried out in expanding plasma activated by microwave. Mass spectrometry analysis of plasma is performed in (Ar-N2-H3) gas mixtures. Reactive species are much more diluted in (Ar-8%N2-10%H2) plasma so NHX/NH3 concentrations remain large even at 20 cm from the discharge exit. Plasma containing large N2 and H2 amounts promotes NHX recombination and mainly produces NH3 and NH2 species. The NH3/Ar relative concentrations depend on N2/H2 ratio mixed to Ar. The value is equal to 16% in (Ar-25%N2-30%H2) plasma and 5% in (Ar-30%N2-12%H2) plasma. Secondary neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy are used to investigate thin molybdenum films of about 200 nm thick deposited by evaporation on Si (100) substrates. The low nitrogen diffusion up to a depth of about 40 nm is correlated to the formation of well crystallized MoO2 oxides of monoclinic structure in molybdenum films heated at 400°C and exposed to pure N2 and (Ar-35%N2) plasma. Hydrogen species contained in (Ar-N2-H2) plasma improve the diffusion of nitrogen by reducing MoO2. Mo-N phases containing defects probably form in the molybdenum film heated at 400°C whereas Mo2N of tetragonal structure has been formed at 600°C. The films consist of small grains ranging in size from 30 to 50 nm wide
Marot, Laurent. "Développement d'un nouveau système d'implantation ionique en immersion plasma et analyses des processus de nitruration." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003632.
Full textMehdi, Hussein. "Etude de la passivation du GaAs(100) par nitruration par plasma N2 sous ultra-vide." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC063/document.
Full textThe surface passivation of III-V semiconductors is a suitable process to eliminate the side effects which disrupt the smooth operation of the optoelectronic devices. The aim of this thesis is to investigate passivation of the GaAs surface by nitridation using N2 plasma generated by two different sources: the GDS (Glow discharge source) and ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance). Our first study based on AR-XPS measurements, DFT simulations and a refined kinetic model permits identification of the three main steps of the nitriding process exhibiting several physical phenomena. Our second study of the GaAs passivation effects by growing a GaN thin layer on the surface makes it possible to optimize the experimental parameters of the nitriding process in order to tend towards optimal passivation. Firstly, the elaborated GaN layer structure is obtained by LEED patterns after their crystallization by an annealing at 620°C as well as the surface morphology obtained by SEM images. Then, chemical passivation of the nitrided GaAs layers is studied by AR-XPS measurements and the photoluminescence improvement of the GaAs substrate after nitridation is highlighted by µPL measurements. Finally, the nitridation process benefits electrical parameters of the Schottky diodes based on GaAs, optimizing them
Bordel, Catherine. "Etude de la modification par nitruration des propriétés magnétiques des alliages amorphes TbFe et TbFeCo." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10174.
Full textBenyahya, Mohamed. "Nitruration sous ammoniac de couches minces de W déposées sur Si : caractérisations physicochimiques et électriques." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10048.
Full textAndré, Yamina. "Etude par spectroscopies électroniques de la nitruration de semi-conducteurs III/V GaAs et InP." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF22382.
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