Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Niveau de Fermi'
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Lefèvre, Marc. "Mécanismes de conduction à basse température dans le silicium amorphe hydrogéné." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10001.
Full textSalez, Thomas. "Towards quantum degenerate atomic Fermi mixtures : design of the experiment and magnetic transport of lithium 6 - potassium 40." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066403.
Full textMartin, Michel. "Etude par spectroscopie de photoélectrons et par photoémission inverse d'alliages métalliques binaires amorphes." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10085.
Full textKenzari, Hocine. "Structure électronique des composés à grande maille de type « chimney-ladder »." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL121N.
Full textLauginie, Pierre. "Statut de l'électron de conduction dans les composés d'intercalation graphite-métal alcalin : le dit de la résonance magnétique." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112416.
Full textKang, Woun. "Étude de supraconducteurs organiques sous pression et sous champ magnétique." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112173.
Full textWe have studied several organic superconductors under pressure in a magnetic field. We have established the phase diagram between two superconducting phases of (ET)2I3 by DTA. We have found that there is a triangular region to be avoided so as to stabilize the high Tc phase and that it is metastable below this triangle. Low Tc phase, which is stable at low temperature, becomes also metastable in applying the pressure and undergoes a first order phase transition when heated under pressure. This phenomenon could be explained with the Ginzberg-Landau theory of phase transition. We have performed the Shubnikov-de Haas effect measurement and found a very large magnetoresistance oscillation whose amplitude reaches 10 times of its residual resistance at 12T and 380mK. We derived a cylindrical Fermi surface with small warping from the observed frequency and beating. The comparison was done with neighbor compound, (ET)2IBr2. Then, the pressure dependence of the resistance behavior in two compounds using helium gas pressure technique has been studied, especially the evolution of the resistance maximum in (ET)2Cu(SCN)2 and that of the metal-insulator transition in (ET)2ReO4. Finally, we present the thermoelectric power study of TTF[Ni(dmit)2]2
Siefert, Jean-Marie. "Utilisation in-situ d'une sonde de Kelvin pour l'étude du dopage et des profils de potentiel dans le silicium amorphe hydrogéné (a-Si : H)." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112162.
Full textThis thesis shows how in situ surface potential measurements by means of a Kelvin probe, combined with the plasma deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin films, allow a determination of the Fermi level position as a function of doping and of the potential profiles at a-Si:H based junctions. The densities of bulk and surface localized states are deduced for large phosphorus and boron doping ranges. The density of deep bulk states is about 5x1016cm-3 in undoped samples, and it increases with doping. A low value cf the density of surface states is found, about 5x1011 cm-2 eV-1 independant of doping. This value increases, due to surface treatments (oxidation, argon plasma). Spectroscopic photovoltages are also studied, particularly in situ. It is shown that space charge layers and photons penetration depths are essential elements for their understanding
Koeniguer, Cédric. "Transport électronique dans les détecteurs à cascade quantique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491605.
Full textMarshall, Gregory M. "Étude électro-optique de l'interface n-alcanethiols GaAs(001) les phénomènes de surface et les applications en bio-détection à base de photoluminescence." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1956.
Full textChavez-Lomeli, Efrain. "Cassure séquentielle du projectile ¹⁶O à 520 MeV d'énergie incidente sur des cibles lourdes." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112150.
Full textDuring the study of ¹⁶0 induced reactions near the Fermi energy at 32. 5 MeV per nucleon, we founded fast light particles in coïncidence with heavy beam-like products. The detailed analysis of the main coincidence channels singled out the dominance of sequential processes over direct or prompt fragmentation of the projectile. Inelastic scattering and one neutron pickup reactions populating unbound states in the primary ejectile are the main causses of this breakup. The in-plane enhancement of the alpha particles in the decaying ¹⁶0 and ¹⁷0 frames shows the alignement of angular momenta in the primary fragment. Properties of those primary unbound states are discussed in terms of DWBA, statistical theory and Monte Carlo calculations
Tao, Ran. "Piezoelectric generators based on semiconducting nanowires : simulation and experiments." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT094/document.
Full textEnergy autonomy in small sensors networks is one of the key quality parameter for end-users. It’s even critical when addressing applications in structures health monitoring (avionics, machines, building…), or in medical or environmental monitoring applications. Piezoelectric materials make it possible to exploit the otherwise wasted mechanical energy which is abundant in our environment (e. g. from vibrations, deformations related to movements or air fluxes). Thus, they can contribute to the energy autonomy of those small sensors. In the form of nanowires (NWs), piezoelectric materials offer a high sensibility allowing very small mechanical deformations to be exploited. They are also easy to integrate, even on flexible substrates.In this PhD thesis, we studied the potential of semiconducting piezoelectric NWs, of ZnO or III-V compounds, for the conversion from mechanical to electrical energy. An increasing number of publications have recently bloomed about these nanostructures and promising nanogenerators (NGs) have been reported. However, many questions are still open with, for instance, contradictions that remain between theoretical predictions and experimental observations.Our objective is to better understand the physical mechanisms which rule the piezoelectric response of semiconducting NWs and of the associated NGs. The experimental work was based on the fabrication of VING (Vertical Integrated Nano Generators) devices and their characterization. An electromechanical characterization set-up was built to evaluate the performance and thermal effects of the fabricated NGs under controlled compressive forces. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was also used to evaluate the Young modulus and the effective piezoelectric coefficients of GaN, GaAs and ZnO NWs, as well as of ZnO-based core/shell NWs. Among them, ZnO NWs were grown using chemical bath deposition over rigid (Si) or flexible (stainless steel) substrates and further integrated to build VING piezoelectric generators. The VING design was based on simulations which neglected the effect of free carriers, as done in most publications to date. This theoretical work was further improved by considering the complete coupling between mechanical, piezoelectric and semiconducting effects, including free carriers. By taking into account the surface Fermi level pinning, we were able to reconcile theoretical and experimental observations. In particular, we propose an explanation to the fact that size effects are experimentally observed for NWs with diameters 10 times higher than expected from ab-initio simulations, or the fact that VING response is non-symmetrical according to whether the substrate on which it is integrated is actuated with a convex or concave bending
Henri, Maxime. "Etude des propriétés de transport et d'équilibration de la matière nucléaire dans le domaine de l'énergie de Fermi." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC239/document.
Full textThe nuclear matter equation of the state is an essential tool in the description of heavy ion collisions,but also in the description of the formation of astrophysical objects or phenomena (neutron star structure,neutron stars fusion). Establishing the nuclear matter equation of state requires a proper definition of thethermodynamic conditions (density, temperature, proton/neutron asymmetry) in which the system evolves.In this work, we address the issue of equilibration reached in heavy ion collisions, in terms of energy andisospin. To do this, we use the experimental database of the INDRA array built by the collaboration over thepast 25 years, focusing on central collisions in the Fermi energy domain, between 10 and 100 MeV/nucleon.In this document, we present how, with the help of dedicated simulations, it has been possible to link thestopping power of nuclear matter to the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross-section. We also provide someanswers regarding isospin transport in central collisions using the isobaric ratios A = 3 based on the tritonsand helium-3 particles. These different results allow us to highlight the new experimental apparatus devel-loped by the INDRA and FAZIA collaborations : the FAZIA array. The latter is the result of a ten-yearperiod of research and development, resulting in an array embedded its digital electronic under vacuum, withincreased identification performance (measurement of the Z charge and A mass up to Z = 25) compared tothe previous generations arrays
Tassan-Got, Laurent. "Étude des transferts dissipatifs pour des énergies de 8 MeV/A à 40 MeV/A." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112388.
Full textIn order to have a deeper insight on some features of heavy ion deep inelastic reactions, an experimental study of the fragment yield in the 40Ar+ 197Au et 40Ca+ 208Pb systems, respectively at two incident energies, has been performed. The elaboration of a model based on stochastic transfers allowed to understand the drift on the mean values of measured distributions. It especially shows that the binary structure of the composite system survives as far as the energy dissipation is not too close to the maximal one. This constatation, associated to the direct results of the simulation, infers that the relaxation of the isospin mode is more likely to be carried by stochastic transfers than collective modes of the composite system. The implemented model has been applied ta collisions at higher bombarding energy: near the Fermi energy. The comparison concerned energy spectra, moment dispersions, isotopic distributions, projectile-like target-like correlations, neutron multiplicities. This analysis allowed to reconcile experimental findings like high fragment velocities, excitation energy, and the drop of the yield for fragment masses higher than the projectile one. In spite of departures on the position of energy spectra and isotopic distributions, indicating the necessity for modifying the transfer mechanism or calling upon fragmentation, the overall good agreement shows that dissipative transfers are still playing a relevant role in this energy domain
Koumetz, Serge. "Modélisation de la diffusion du Be dans les structures épitaxiales en InGaAs pour les dispositifs microoptoélectroniques." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUE5037.
Full textRoche, Stéphan. "Contribution à l'étude théorique du transport électronique dans les quasicristaux." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10208.
Full textBen, Aziza Zeineb. "Graphene based gas sensors : Fabrication, characterization, and study of gas molecules detection mechanism." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0102.
Full textIn this research, we report on a study of graphene based gas and humidity sensors. This study could be useful not only to improve the performance of graphene based sensors but also to better understand the interaction between graphene and gas molecules. This seems necessary to promote the applications of graphene as a promising material for gas sensing. Significant advances have been made to design and fabricate these sensors: the different electrical characterizations as well as other techniques used to analyze the mechanism controlling the detection of gas/vapor molecules. These tools have been set up to design and manufacture various sensor structures using different underlying substrates for graphene on one hand and chemical modification of graphene properties on the other hand. The characterization of these sensors under different environments was used to compare the different responses of the sensors and draw several conclusions about gas sensing mechanism. Indeed, Mica, a smooth and transparent substrate, was used as a supporting substrate for graphene. Doping induced to graphene by mica and its impact on graphene sensitivity to ammonia gas were studied. This has made it possible to highlight the fact that the substrate plays an important role for the detection of ammonia. In addition, these sensors made on mica and SiO2 were tested under a variety of temperatures and oxygen. In another approach, a polymer was used to dope graphene. A detailed study was realized about the behavior of water molecules on functionalized graphene. The obtained experimental results, reported for the first time, represent a good support for several theoretical studies already made and could be used to optimize the design of graphene based gas sensors
Kleider, Jean-Paul. "Etude des centres profonds du silicium amorphe hydrogène a-Si:H par des mesures d'admittances de diodes Schottky : caractérisation d'interfaces SI::(X)-N::(1-X):H/A-SI:H sur des structures MIS." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066015.
Full textVellas, Nicolas Jaeger Jean-Claude de Gaquière Christophe. "Études expérimentales de transistors HFET de la filière nitrure de gallium pour des applications de puissances hyperfréquences." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2003-279-280.pdf.
Full textOré, Casio R. "El nivel Fermi en semiconductores dopados." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/95801.
Full textMisrar, Ahmed. "Contribution à l'étude de phénomènes de transport dans les couches minces de Ge(0,08)Te(0,92) amorphes." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES048.
Full textVellas, Nicolas. "Études expérimentales de transistors HFET de la filière nitrure de gallium pour des applications de puissances hyperfréquences." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-279-280.pdf.
Full textVeuillen, Jean-Yves. "Etude par spectroscopie Mössbauer et de photoémission en rayonnement ultraviolet des bronzes bleus de molybdène A(0. 3)MoO3 (A = K, Rb)." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10146.
Full textBlochwitz, Jan. "Organic light-emitting diodes with doped charge transport layers." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-997196106312-42499.
Full textOrganic dyes with a conjugated pi-electron system usually exhibit semiconducting behavior. Hence, they are potential materials for electronic and optoelectronic devices. Nowadays, some applications are already commercial on small scales. Controlled doping of inorganic semiconductors was the key step for today's inorganic semiconductor technology. The control of the conduction type and Fermi-level is crucial for the realization of stable pn-junctions. This allows for optimized light emitting diode (LED) structures with operating voltages close to the optical limit (around 2.5V for a green emitting LED). Despite that, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) generally consist of a series of intrinsic layers based on organic molecules. These intrinsic organic charge transport layers suffer from non-ideal injection and noticeable ohmic losses. However, organic materials feature some technological advantages for device applications like low cost, an almost unlimited variety of materials, and possible preparation on large and flexible substrates. They also differ in some basic physical parameters, like the index of refraction in the visible wavelength region, the absorption coefficient and the Stokes-shift of the emission wavelength. Doping of organic semiconductors has only been scarcely addressed. Our aim is the lowering of the operating voltages of OLEDs by the use of doped organic charge transport layers. The present work is focused mainly on the p-type doping of weakly donor-type molecules with strong acceptor molecules by co-evaporation of the two types of molecules in a vacuum system. In order to understand the improved hole injection from a contact material into a p-type doped organic layer, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS/XPS) was carried out. The experimental results of the UPS/XPS measurements on F4-TCNQ doped zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and their interpretation is given. Measurements were done on the typical transparent anode material for OLEDs, indium-tin-oxide (ITO) and on gold. The conclusion from these experiments is that (i) the Fermi-energy comes closer to the transport energy (the HOMO for p-type doping), (ii) the built-in potential is changed accordingly, and (iii) the depletion layer becomes very thin because of the high space charge density in the doped layer. The junction between a doped organic layer and the conductive substrate behaves rather similar to a heavily doped Schottky junction, known from inorganic semicondcutor physics. This behavior favors charge injection from the contact into the organic semiconductor due to tunneling through a very small Schottky barrier (quasi-ohmic contact). The performance of OLEDs with doped charge transport layers improves successively from a simple two-layer design with doped phthalocyanine as hole transport layer over a three-layer design with an electron blocking layer until OLEDs with doped amorphous wide gap materials, with and without additional electron injection enhancement and electron blocking layers. Based on the experience with the first OLEDs featuring doped hole transport layers, an ideal device concept which is based on realistic material parameters is proposed (blocking layer concept). Very high efficient OLEDs with still low operating voltage have been prepared by using an additional emitter dopant molecule with very high photoluminescence quantum yield in the recombination zone of a conventional OLED. An OLED with an operating voltage of 3.2-3.2V for a brightness of 100cd/m2 could be demonstrated. These results represent the lowest ever reported operating voltage for LEDs consisting of exclusively vacuum sublimed molecular layers. The current efficiency for this device is above 10cd/A, hence, the power efficiency at 100cd/m2 is about 10lm/W. This high power efficiency could be achieved by the use of a blocking layer between the transport and the emission layer
Ranz, Emmanuel. "Contribution à l'étude des défauts DX et EL2 et propriétés de transport dans les plans de dopage GalnAs, GaAs et dans les hétérojonctions InGaAs/AlGaAs, GalnP/GaAs." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0041.
Full textRoccia, Jerome. "La Densité de niveaux du Problème à N-corps." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00176867.
Full textMarcon, Jérôme. "Simulation numérique de la diffusion de dopants dans les matériaux III-V pour les composants microoptoélectroniques." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES061.
Full textBerger, Claire. "Propriétés électroniques des alliages quasicristallins AlMn." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10067.
Full textRodière, Jean. "Optoelectronic characterization of hot carriers solar cells absorbers." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066703/document.
Full textThe hot carrier solar cell is an energy conversion device where theoretical conversion efficiencies reach almost 86%. Additionally to a standard photovoltaic cell, the device allows the conversion of kinetic energy excess of photogenerated carriers into electrical energy. To achieve this, the thermalisation process must be limited and electrical energy selective contacts added. In order to determine potential absorber performances and overcome the fabrication challenge of energy selective contacts, a set-up and the related method of mapping absolute photoluminescence spectra were used. This technique allows getting quasi-Fermi levels splitting and temperature of emission, both thermodynamic quantities characteristic of the performance of the absorbers. In this study, absorbers based on InGaAsP multiquantum wells on InP substrate were used. The thermodynamic quantities are determined and allow to access at quantities such as thermalisation rate but also a thermoelectric coefficient, so-called Photo-Seebeck. The quantitative analysis of the hot carriers regime, in relevant conditions for photovoltaic is a first: the analysed device indicates a potential photovoltaic conversion over the Schockley-Queisser limit. At last, as the device is supplied with electrical contacts, electrical characterization are made and compared to optical measurements. A first simulation is proposed to better understand the thermodynamic quantities evolution as a function of the electrical bias
Delaye, Philippe. "Etude des non-linéarité photoréfractives dans les composés semi-isolants III-V et II-VI : influence d'une irradiation électronique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1993. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00608575.
Full textGottlieb, Ulrich. "Quelques propriétés physiques intrinsèques des siliciures métalliques et semiconducteurs." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0008.
Full textGhennam, Tarak. "Supervision d'une ferme éolienne pour son intégration dans la gestion d'un réseau électrique, Apports des convertisseurs multi niveaux au réglage des éoliennes à base de machine asynchrone à double alimentation." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00708171.
Full textGhennam, Tarak. "Supervision d’une ferme éolienne pour son intégration dans la gestion d’un réseau électrique, Apports des convertisseurs multi niveaux au réglage des éoliennes à base de machine asynchrone à double alimentation." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECLI0012/document.
Full textThis research work deals with two topics conditioning the large scale development of wind turbines into electrical grids. The first is devoted to the development of new algorithms for the control of Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) based wind energy conversion systems. Two direct current control strategies have been proposed and are based on the hysteresis square areas (HZCA) and hysteresis circular areas (HZCI). Both strategies apply an appropriate voltage vector to control the active and reactive powers delivered to the grid, and also, to balance the voltages of the inner DC bus converter. Simulation and experimental results show that the HZCI strategy is better than HZCA in terms of output voltage waveforms and harmonic contain.The second topic is dedicated to the active and reactive powers supervision in a wind farm in order to supply prescribed power references from the grid operator. This supervision is ensured by a centralized algorithm that distributes power references between wind turbines in a proportional way. These references are calculated according to the maximum production capacity of wind turbines. An analysis of the power flow in the DFIM based wind energy system has been made to identify the (P, Q) characteristic and to calculate limits in terms of reactive power compensation. The local power management of each wind system has been developed allowing the powers distribution between the stator of the DFIM and the grid side converter by considering several operating modes of the wind generator
Habl, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Berechnung und Tunnelspektroskopie der Landau-Bandstruktur zweier lateral gekoppelter Quanten-Hall-Systeme mit variablem Fermi-Niveau / vorgelegt von Matthias Habl." 2007. http://d-nb.info/983633142/34.
Full textGaillard, Nicolas. "Etude des Propriétés Morphologiques, Electriques et Chimiques de l'Interface Métal/Isolant et de leur Impact sur les Performances de la Capacité TiN/Ta2O5/TiN." Phd thesis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142484.
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