Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Niveau socio-économique'
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Bélanger, Philippe. "Environnement psychosocial de travail, niveau socio-économique et tension artérielle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23914/23914.pdf.
Full textBricout-Tomasi, Laure. "Attention visuo-spatiale en fonction du niveau de lecture : incidence du milieu socio-économique." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05H022.
Full textUnlike what is commonly admitted, recent studies show that attention plays a major role in normal reading and an attentional deficit could, at least partly, explain reading disabilities. The aim of this thesis was to explore different aspects of attention according to the reading level of children. A first experience using the Attention Network Test showed globally slower response times as well as a deficit of control in reading disabled children (mean age: 9,1 years). A second experience was conducted to explore the possibility of a deficit in lateralized orienting of attention. Reading disabled children oriented their attention as skilled readers in this task using spatial material. However, in a third experience, using the tachistoscopic presentation of 4-letter words in the left and/or right visual hemifields, reading disabled children did not show the right visual field superiority, unlike the skilled readers. The distractor effect suggested that disabled readers did not present an attentional bias in favor of the right visual field, which is normally encountered in skilled readers. Thus, reading disabled children presented an anomalous distribution of spatial attention only when reading. This anomalous distribution of attention can be caused by a deficit in the hemispheric asymmetry, and/or can be the consequence of an absence of an attentional bias due to reading habits. A small but growing literature has addressed the questions of socioeconomic status (SES) and school achievement, using a variety of research methods. Several recent studies have reported that SES is an important predictor of neurocognitive performance, particularly of language and executive function. Our results showed that low socioeconomic status is associated with globally slower response times in the cognitive tasks proposed. IOR was not present in the orienting of spatial attention task, which suggested attention deficits. In verbal tasks, low-SES children results confirmed a multiplicative relationship between SES and reading disability, such that decreased access to resources may amplify cognitive risk factors for poor decoding
Roy, Suzie. "Le rôle du facteur niveau socio-économique dans l'accession à la notion de conservation des quantités." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1985. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6581/1/000551559.pdf.
Full textCimon-Morin, Virginie. "Rôle de la culture et du niveau socio-économique sur les réponses maternelles aux détresses d'enfants de 3 mois : Bogota et Québec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ56735.pdf.
Full textSavy, Mathilde. "Indices de diversité alimentaire : mesure et utilisation chez des femmes en âge de procréer au Burkina Faso." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066582.
Full textJeanjean, Maxime. "Pollution atmosphérique et déclenchement de poussées de sclérose en plaques, investigation au niveau individuel." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B003.
Full textMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuro-inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Causes are multifactorial enrolling both genetic predisposition and influence of environmental factors. In 85% of cases, patients experience relapse corresponding to the occurrence of neurologic signs, followed by a phase of partial or total remission. Several studies put forth the hypothesis that relapses rate varies across season, mainly occurring during spring and summer. This temporal fluctuation raised the question of season-dependent parameters influence such as sunlight exposure and vitamin D, melatonin level or ambient air pollution. Considering this variation of air pollution, we explored the short-term impact of fine particles (PM10), benzene (C6H6), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ground-level ozone (O3), on the risk of relapse triggering, separately for "cold" (i.e., October-March) and "hot" (April-September) season. This work has drawn from data of patients provided by the alSacEP network. We included 424 patients affected with remitting MS onset who experienced 1,783 relapses over the 2000-2009 period. Daily level of air pollution was modeled through ADMS-Urban software at the census block scale of the Strasbourg metropolitan area (AASQA ATMO Grand Est). Furthermore, an individual survey was conducted among all the patients (PT) in order to collect individual socioeconomic (SES) and lifestyle features. Finally, the census block SES position was estimated using a composite deprivation index - created from the INSEE census data. A short-term (3 days preceding the relapse) seasonal adverse effect was observed in PT, in particular during exposure to O3 in "hot" season and PM10 and NO2 in "cold" season. Results also suggest that the SES context might exacerbate these associations, in particular among patients who were living in deprived neighborhood with exposure to PM10, NO2, C6H6 and CO ("cold) and those who were living in most well-of and deprived places with exposure to O3 ("hot"). Finally, we observed among Ps that low education level, average family income, smoking and lack of physical activity are more associated with the risk of relapse triggering when patients were exposed to air pollution. This work shows the need to investigate environmental exposure such as air pollution along the SEP course using a holistic approach integrating individual and contextual factors
Moukolo, Delphin. "Niveaux de revenus, marchés et structures de consommation : contribution à l'étude psycho-socio-économique des phénomènes de consommation liés à la dynamique sociale du développement dans la boucle du Niari : essai d'analyse et de synthèse : introduction à la critique du style de développement endogène au Congo." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1D303.
Full textThis thesis, which deals with "income levels, markets and consumption structures" of households in the niari loop and which tries to explain how to tackle and reconcile the tasks of development and consumption, is, above all, a description of the social state of consumption. It is therefore a comparative and explanatory approach to consumption phenomena via a "psycho-socio-economic" approach, which a monographic study allows. This thesis is above all an attempt to analyse and synthesise: - an analysis of the very substance of consumption phenomena through their multiple forms; - a synthesis of their installation development as a specific process of social development allied to the dynamics of development and as a framework which today comprises almost all daily social phenomena linked to the changing behaviour of man as a "social animal", and as a "biological and social" atom in consumption. The niari loop, a "dual" or even a "plural" universe is the point where two non- exclusive life styles meet, confront each other and interact; where tradition and modernity are in perpetual encounter through the combined play of the effects of substitution and demonstration. As such, the heterogeneity of the consumption here is the expression of traditional and modern cultures living in symbiosis
Rassel, Alicia. "Contribution de la conscience morphologique à l'apprentissage de la lecture : études en milieu défavorisé." Thesis, Lille 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL3H023.
Full textMorphological awareness, defined as the ability to handle morphemes (i.e., the smallest language units of meaning) of the language, is a predictor of reading skills. It maintains strong links with phonological skills and vocabulary, both predictors of reading skills. These two predictors are themselves impacted by the socioeconomic status with them being less developed in children with low socioeconomic status. Moreover, these children also present a delay in the acquisition of reading, which may itself slow down the development of phonological skills and vocabulary, and thus widen the gap observed between the different socioeconomic status. While the influence of the environment on these two predictors has been the subject of several studies, very few of them have evaluated the effect of the socioeconomic status on the morphological awareness. Accordingly, our first study aims to compare the performance in morphological awareness and its contribution in reading skills according to the socioeconomic status (i.e., low vs. middle/high) of children attending school in Grade 2 and 3. The results show that children with low socio-economic status were able to develop their morphological awareness, even if their performance was lower than the one of their peers; their skills in morphological awareness are thus linked to their reading skills. Our second study, through training conducted directly in the classroom, seeks to stimulate the morphological awareness of these children in order to study its influence on their reading skills. The group trained to morphological awareness has better performance in fluency than the control group and the group trained to vocabulary through texts study, as well as better performance in reading comprehension compared to the control group. Overall, these children with learning difficulty in reading acquisition may benefit from training in morphological awareness, opening a window to the world of pedagogy
Gentil, Julie. "Influence des facteurs socio-économiques et géographiques sur l'incidence, l'accès aux soins et la survie des femmes atteintes d'un cancer du sein." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959607.
Full textBrevet, Gentil Julie. "Influence des facteurs socio-économiques et géographiques sur l'incidence, l'accès aux soins et la survie des femmes atteintes d'un cancer du sein." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOMU04/document.
Full textIn developed countries, breast cancer is currently the leading cancer in women in terms of incidence and mortality (standardized rate of 101.5 and 17.7 per 100,000 person-years in 2005, respectively). Many risk factors and prognostic factors have been studied and are well known. Research is under way with regard to every step in the development of breast cancer, but the impact of socio-economic and geographic factors, at the individual and environmental level with regard to the disease have never been studied in France.The general aim of this work was to explore the impact of these factors in different ways to build on our knowledge and to develop practical applications in the primary, secondary or tertiary prevention of breast cancer.In our first study, we showed that women with a low socio-educational level were less likely to have benefited from at least one mammography within the 6 years or at least one gynaecological consultation within the 3 years before the diagnosis of breast cancer. These women also had a more advanced tumour at diagnosis than did women with a higher socio-educational level. These variables also came to light as predictors of a poor prognosis in terms of survival. In our second study, we showed that access to a surgeon specialised in breast cancer surgery, which is associated with better survival, was influenced by the socio-economic level of the patient’s place of residence, as well as the distance between the patient’s home and reference centres for cancer treatment, where the specialised surgeons work. In our third study, we showed that in contrast to many cancers, the incidence of breast cancer was highest in the most socio-economically privileged areas, and this whatever the age of the patient. We have no explanation for this phenomenon, particularly with regard to the youngest age group of women. Finally, the aim of our fourth study, which is currently on-going, is to study at the individual level, using the new European deprivation index adapted to France, to what extent economic wealth and social standing, as well as the proximity of medical services for patients with breast cancer have an impact on tumour stage, access to treatment, treatment techniques and survival
Havard, Sabrina. "Contribution de la pollution atmosphérique aux inégalités socio-spatiales de santé : analyse écologique du risque d'infarctus du myocarde dans l'agglomération de Strasbourg." Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1B120.
Full textHavard, Sabrina. "Contribution de la Pollution Atmosphérique aux Inégalités Socio-Spatiales de Santé :Analyse Écologique du Risque d'Infarctus du Myocarde dans l'Agglomération de Strasbourg." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00362785.
Full textCette étude a été conduite dans la Communauté Urbaine de Strasbourg (CUS, Bas-Rhin) à l'échelle du quartier de résidence (IRIS). Les infarctus du myocarde survenus parmi la population âgée de 35 à 74 ans entre le 1er janvier 2000 et le 31 décembre 2003 (n = 1193) ont été recueillis auprès du registre bas-rhinois des cardiopathies ischémiques. Les concentrations horaires de pollution atmosphérique (NO2, PM10, O3 et CO) ont été modélisées par IRIS à l'aide du modèle ADMS Urban. Le niveau socio-économique des IRIS a été estimé à l'aide d'un indice de défaveur construit par analyse en composantes principales à partir des données du recensement.
Nous avons tout d'abord cherché à évaluer le degré d'injustice environnementale qui prévalait sur notre zone d'étude afin de vérifier l'hypothèse d'un différentiel d'exposition à la pollution atmosphérique selon le niveau socio-économique des IRIS. Notre analyse de régression spatiale a démontré l'existence d'inégalités socio-économiques dans l'exposition à la pollution atmosphérique ; les quartiers de défaveur moyenne, localisés aux abords des principales infrastructures routières entourant le centre urbain, étaient les plus exposés à la pollution liée au trafic.
Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés à examiner l'association entre le niveau socio-économique des IRIS et la survenue de l'infarctus du myocarde afin de vérifier l'hypothèse d'inégalités sociales de santé sur notre zone d'étude. Notre analyse bayésienne a montré l'existence de forts gradients socio-économiques du risque d'infarctus du myocarde chez les hommes et les femmes et mis en exergue une vulnérabilité particulière des femmes vivant dans les quartiers les plus défavorisés.
Nous avons finalement exploré la contribution de la pollution atmosphérique aux inégalités sociales de santé en examinant si le niveau socio-économique des IRIS modifiait les effets de la pollution atmosphérique sur le risque d'infarctus du myocarde. Notre analyse cas-croisés a révélé un effet plus élevé de la pollution particulaire chez les individus vivant dans les quartiers défavorisés, en particulier les femmes âgées de 55 à 74 ans. Ces résultats, au vu de ceux précédemment rapportés, semblent s'expliquer davantage par un différentiel de sensibilité que par un différentiel d'exposition. La recherche des mécanismes responsables de cette sensibilité exacerbée nécessite d'être poursuivie dans de futurs travaux afin que des actions de santé publique efficaces puissent être mises en œuvre pour protéger ces populations vulnérables.
Girisit, Hermine. "Gérer la résistance au changement : contribution de la mesure des niveaux de résistance des acteurs dans les projets de changement." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30010/document.
Full textEvery company, by choice or by necessity, must constantly adapt itself to various economic, technological and social environment changes. From this perspective, the internal and external changes are needed in order to optimize the existing of the company. To anticipate these changes and to be successful, organizations need to consider an appropriate strategy taking into account the human dimension, because any modification or termination of work practices can destabilize the habits of actors and in some cases can cause resistance mechanisms. In the academic literature and in the managerial discourse, the resistance to change is often presented as a negative led by a minority of individuals impacting significantly change projects. In this sense, the study of understanding and measuring resistances actors is essential for managing change in an organization. Our study demonstrates that, in order to not jeopardize the success of the change project, an analysis of resistance levels is necessary for the manager to minimize the effects of the actor’s resistance to change. This diachronical research has allowed us to monitor the behavior of actors, a proposed change in the medical industry, to bring out the main characteristics and resistance levels. The interest of this study is to determine the different levels of resistance, to identify the possible obstacles, that the manager will have to deal and then to propose appropriate solutions to achieve positively the change in the company
Heidmann, Mickaël. "Transferts et formation des jeunes footballeurs en Europe : du " rêve sportif " à la régulation politique : une socio-ethnographie politique au coeur des institutions européennes." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071735.
Full text"Environnement psychosocial de travail, niveau socio-économique et tension artérielle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23914/23914.pdf.
Full textPonce, Martínez Xochitl. "Qualité nutritionnelle de l'alimentation en fonction du niveau socio-économique : étude chez des hommes de Oaxaca, Mexique." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17211.
Full textSodjinou, Roger Sylvestre. "Transition nutritionnelle et facteurs de risque de maladies cardiovasculaires chez des adultes de Cotonou, Bénin (Afrique de l'Ouest)." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6517.
Full textDésilets, Marie-Claude. "Immigration, transition nutritionnelle et facteurs de risque de maladies cardiovasculaires : étude chez des Haïtiens de la région de Montréal." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17205.
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