Academic literature on the topic 'NJA 2016 s 107'

Le dve leti po monografiji Spoznaj sebe in druge zaslužne profesorice ljubljanske univer­ ze, andragoginje dr. Ane Krajnc smo dobili njeno novo monografijo z naslovom Starejši se učimo. Izobraževanje starejših v teoriji in praksi. Da je lahko tretje življenjsko obdobje ne le dolgo, temveč tudi bogato, plodno, intenzivno in še kako angažirano, nam avtorica ne dokazuje le s svojimi številnimi strokovnimi in znanstvenimi objavami, domačimi in mednarodnimi projekti ter predanim delom v okviru Univerze za tretje življenjsko obdo­ bje (UTŽO), ki dosega neverjetne razsežnosti (33 let delovanja, 52 organizacij UTŽO po Sloveniji, letno okrog 22.000 študentk in študentov), ampak tudi z novimi in relevantnimi premisleki učnih praks, posredovanjem in premišljanjem izkušenj aktivnega udejstvova­ nja in vodenja UTŽO ter s širokimi refleksijami družbenih, psiholoških in učnih procesov, ki prečijo sodobne družbe od prvega pa do zadnjega življenjskega obdobja.

The people who live in the Merapi area have been going on for years. Merapi is the most active volcano in Central Java that can threaten the community, but the community still exists today, of course, having local wisdom in responding to the eruption of Merapi. This study aims to determine the local wisdom of Wonolelo Village before, during, and after the Merapi eruption. In addition, to find out the historical relationship of the Merapi eruption to local wisdom and the challenges faced by Wonolelo Village in maintaining the sustainability of local wisdom. This research was used as a descriptive qualitative method. The method of collecting data is done through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data sources of this study are community leaders, spiritual leaders, and people who are more than 70 years old. Analysis of the data used is sourced triangulation based on the Miles & Huberman model. The results showed that local wisdom in responding to the Merapi eruption in Wonolelo Village still exists today. Local wisdom is divided into three segments, namely before, during, and after the eruption of Merapi. Local wisdom before the Merapi eruption is a notification that Merapi eruption activity will occur. Local wisdom in Wonolelo Village has challenges in the form of modernization and not running the local wisdom relay to young people. Keywords: Disaster, Local wisdom, Merapi volcano. References Andreastuti, S.D., Newhall, C., Dwiyanto, J. (2006). Menelusuri Kebenaran Letusan Gunung Merapi 1006. Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, Vol. 1, No. 4, Hal. 201-207. Andreastuti, S., Paripurno, E., Gunawan, H., Budianto, A., Syahbana, D., & Pallister, J. (2019). Character of community response to volcanic crises at sinabung and kelud volcanoes. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 382, 298-310. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.01.022 Atmojo, S. E., Rusilowati, A., Dwiningrum, S. I. A., & Skotnicka, M. (2018). The reconstruction of disaster knowledge through thematic learning of science, environment, technology, and society integrated with local wisdom. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 7(2), 204-213. doi:10.15294/jpii.v7i2.14273 Bencana, B. N. P. (2010). Peraturan Kepala Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana Nomor 17 Tahun 2010 Tentang Pedoman Umum Penyelenggaraan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi Pasca Bencana. Jakarta: BNPB. Bencana, B. P. B. (2010). Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Daerah. Magelang: BPBD. Geologi, BPPTK (2018). Badan Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi. Jakarta: BPPTKG Geologi, BPPTK (2019). Badan Penyelidikan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Kebencanaan Geologi. Jakarta: BPPTKG Bardintzeff, J.M. (1984). Merapi volcano (java, Indonesia) and merapi type nuee ardente. Bull volcanol, Vol. 47, No. 3, Hal. 432-446. Boyolali, B. P. S. K. (2018). Kabupaten Boyolali dalam Angka. Boyolali : Badan Pusat Statistik Cahyadi, A. (2013). Pengelolaan lingkungan zamrud khatulistiwa. Yogyakarta: Pintal. Cho, S.E., Won, S., & Kim, S. (2016). Living in harmony with disaster: exploring volcanic hazard vulnerability in Indonesia. Sustainability, Vol. 8, Hlm. 1-13. Daly, P. (2015). Embedded wisdom or rooted problems? aid workers' perspectives on local social and political infrastructure in post-tsunami aceh. Disasters, 39(2), 232-257. doi:10.1111/disa.12105 Dibyosaputro, S., Hadmoko, D.S., Cahyadi, A., & Nugraha, H. (2016). Gunung merapi: kebencanaan dan pengurangan risikonya. Yogyakarta: Badan Penerbit Fakultas Geografi (BPFG) Universitas Gadjah Mada. Fatkhan, M. (2006). Kearifan lingkungan masyarakat lereng gunung merapi. Aplikasia, Jurnal Aplikasi Ilmu-ilmu Agama, Vol. 7, No. 2, Desember, Hal. 107-121. Gertisser, R., Charbonnier, S.J., Keller, J., & Quidelleur, X. (2012). The geological evolution of Merapi vulcano, Central Java, Indonesia. Bull Volcanol, Vol. 74. Hal. 1213-1233. Haba, J. (2008). Bencana alam dalam perspektif lokal dan perspektif kristiani. LIPI, Vol. 34, No. 1, Hal. 25-49. Hardoyo, S.R., Marfai, M.A., Ni’mah, N.M., Mukti, R.Y., Zahro, Q., & Halim, A. (2011). Strategi adaptasi masyarakat terhadap bencana banjir rob di pekalongan. Yogyakarta: Magister Perencanaan Pengelolaan Pesisir dan Daerah Aliran Sungai, Cahaya Press. Ikeda, S., & Nagasaka, T. (2011). An emergent framework of disaster risk governance towards innovating coping capability for reducing disaster risks in local communities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2(2) doi:10.1007/s13753-011-0006-7 Inaotombi, S., & Mahanta, P. C. (2019). Pathways of socio-ecological resilience to climate change for fisheries through indigenous knowledge. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 25(8), 2032-2044. doi:10.1080/10807039.2018.1482197 Klaten, B. P. S. K. (2018). Kabupaten Klaten dalam Angka. Klaten : Badan Pusat Statistik Kusumasari, B., & Alam, Q. (2012). Local wisdom-based disaster recovery model in indonesia. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 21(3), 351-369. doi:10.1108/09653561211234525 Lestari, P., Kusumayudha, S. B., Paripurno, E. T., & Jayadianti, H. (2016). Environmental communication model for disaster mitigation of mount sinabung eruption karo regency of north sumatra. Information (Japan), 19(9B), 4265-4270. Magelang, B. P. S. K. (2018). Kabupaten Magelang dalam Angka. Boyolali : Badan Pusat Statistik Marfai, M.A. (2011). Jakarta flood hazard and community participation on disaster preparedness. Prosiding dalam seminar Community preparedness and disaster management, center for religious and cross-cultural studies, UGMI, no. 2/2011 (december), Hlm, 209-221. Marfai, M.A., & Hizbaron, D.R. (2011). Community’s adaptive capacity due to coastal flooding in semarang coastal city, Indonesia. International Journal of Seria Geografie, Annals of the Univeristy of Oradea. E-ISSN 2065-1619. Year XX. Mulyaningsih, S., Sampurno, Zaim, Y., Puradimaja, D.J., Bronto, S., & Siregar, D.A. (2006). Perkembangan geologi pada kuwarter awal sampai masa sejarah di dataran yogyakarta. Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, Vol. 1, No. 2, Juni, Hal. 103-113. Permana, S. A., Setyowati, D. L., Slamet, A., & Juhadi. (2017). Society management in manage economic after merapi disaster. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 15(7), 1-10 Preece, K., Gertisser, R., Barclay, J., Berlo, K., Herd, R.A., & Facility, E.I.M. (2014). Pre and syneruptive degassing and crystallisation processes of the 2010 and 2006 eruptions of merapi volcano, indonesia. Contrib Mineral Petrol, Vol. 168: No. 1061, Hal. 1-25, DOI 10.1007/s00410-014-1061-z. Ridwan, N.A. (2007). Landasan keilmuan kearifan lokal. Jurnal study islam dan budaya, Vol. 5, No. 1. Hlm. 27-38. Rokib, M. (2013). Teologi Bencana: Studi Santri Tanggap Bencana. Yogyakarta: Buku Pintal. Sawangan, B. P. S. K. (2018). Kecamatan Sawangan dalam Angka. Sawangan : Badan Pusat Statistik Setiawan, B., Innatesari, D. K., Sabtiawan, W. B., & Sudarmin, S. (2017). The development of local wisdom-based natural science module to improve science literation of students. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 6(1), 49-54. doi:10.15294/jpii.v6i1.9595 Sibarani, R. (2013). Pembentukan karakter berbasis kearifan lokal. Online, http://www.museum.pusaka.nias.org/2013/02/pembentukan-karakter-berbasis-kearifan.html. Diunduh tanggal 10 october 2019. Sleman, B. P. S. K. (2018). Kabupaten Sleman dalam Angka. Sleman : Badan Pusat Statistik Syahputra, H. (2019). Indigenous knowledge representation in mitigation process: A study of communities’ understandings of natural disasters in aceh province, indonesia. Collection and Curation, 38(4), 94-102. doi:10.1108/CC-11-2017-0046 Voight, B., Constantine, E.K., Siswowidjoyo, S., & Torley, R. (2000). Historical eruptions of merapi vulcano, Central Java, Indonesia, 1768-1998. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Vol. 100, Hal. 69–138. Wilson, T.; Kaye, G., Stewart, C. and Cole, J. (2007). Impacts of the 2006 eruption of merapi volcano, Indonesia, on agriculture and infrastructure. GNS Science Report, 2007/07 Hal. 1-69. Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

The effects of biochar and biochar combined with N-fertilizer on the content of soil organic matter in water-stable aggregates were investigated. A field experiment was conducted with different biochar application rates: B0 control (0 t ha-1), B10 (10 t ha-1) and B20 (20 t ha-1) and 0 (no N), 1st and 2nd levels of nitrogen fertilization on silt loam Haplic Luvisol (Dolna Malanta, Slovakia), in 2014. The N doses of level 1 were calculated on required average crop production using balance method. Level 2 included additional 100% of N in year 2014 and additional 50% of N in year 2016. The effects were investigated during the growing seasons of spring barley and spring wheat in 2014 and 2016, respectively. Results indicate that the B20N2 treatment significantly increased the proportion of water-stable macro-aggregates (WSAma) and reduced water-stable micro-aggregates (WSAmi). Aggregate stability increased only in the B20N1 treatment. The B20N2 treatment showed a robust decrease by 27% in the WSAma of 0.5-0.25 mm. On the other hand, an increase by 56% was observed in the content of WSAma with fractions 3-2 mm compared to the B0N0 treatment. The effect of N fertilizer on WSAma was confirmed only in the case of the B10N2 treatment. The proportion of WSAma with fractions 3-2 mm decreased by 42%, while the size fraction of 0.5-0.25 mm increased by 30% compared to the B10N0 treatment. The content of WSAma with fractions 1-0.5 mm decreased with time. On the contrary, the content of WSAma with particle sizes above 5 mm increased with time in all treatments except the B10N2 and B20N2 treatments. A statistically significant trend was identified in the proportion of WSA in the B10N2 and B20N2 treatments, which indicates that biochar with higher application levels of N fertilizer stabilizes the proportion of water-stable aggregates. In all treatments, the content of soil organic carbon (SOC) and labile carbon (CL) in WSAmi was lower than those in WSAma. A considerable decrease of SOC in the WSAma >5 mm and an increase of SOC in WSAmi were observed when biochar was applied at the rate of 10 t ha-1. Contents of SOC in WSAmi increased as a result of adding biochar combined with N fertilizer at first level. CL in WSA significantly increased in all size fractions of WSA.References Abiven S., Hund A., Martinsen V., Cornelissen G., 2015. Biochar amendment increases maize root surface areas and branching: a shovelomics study in Zambia. Plant Soil, 342, 1-11. Agegnehu G., Bass A.M., Nelson P.N., and Bird M.I., 2016. Benefits of biochar, compost and biochar–compost for soil quality, maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions in a tropical agricultural soil. Sci. Tot. Environ., 543, 295-306. Angers D.A., Samson N., Legere A., 1993. Early changes in water-stable aggregation induced by rotation and tillage in a soil under barley production. Can. J. Soil Sci., 73, 51-59. Atkinson Ch.J., Fitzgerald J.D., Hipps N.A., 2010. Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: a review. Plant Soil, 337, 1-18. Balashov E., Buchkina N., 2011. Impact of short- and long-term agricultural use of chernozem on its quality indicators. Int. Agrophys., 25, 1-5. Barrow C.J., 2012. Biochar: potential for countering land degradation and for improving agriculture. Appl. Geogr., 34, 21-28. Barthes B.G., Kouakoua E.T., Larre-Larrouy M.C., Razafimbelo T.M., De Luca E.F., Azontonde A., Neves C.S.V.J., De Freitas P.L., Feller C.L., 2008. Texture and sesquioxide effects on water-stable aggregates and organic matter in some tropical soils. Geoderma, 143, 14-25. Benbi D.K., Brar K., Toor A.S., Sharma S., 2015. Sensitivity of labile soil organic carbon pools to long-term fertilizer, straw and manure management in rice-wheat system. Pedosphere, 25, 534-545. Benbi D.K., Brar K., Toor A.S., Singh P., Singh H., 2012. Soil carbon pools under poplar-based agroforestry, rice-wheat, and maize-wheat cropping systems in semi-arid India. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys., 92, 107-118. Blanco-Canqui H., Lal L., 2004. Mechanisms of carbon sequestration in soil aggregates. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 23, 481-504. Brevik E.C., Cerda A., Mataix-Solera J., Pereg L., Quinton J.N., Six J., Van Oost K., 2015. The interdisciplinary nature of SOIL. SOIL, 1, 117-129. Brodowski S., John B., Flessa H., Amelung W., 2006. Aggregate-occluded black carbon in soil. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 57, 539-546. Bronick C.J., Lal R., 2005. The soil structure and land management: a review. Geoderma, 124, 3-22. Chenu C., Plante A., 2006. Clay-sized organo-mineral complexes in a cultivation chronosequece: revisiting the concept of the “primary organo-mineral complex”. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 56, 596-607. Dziadowiec H., Gonet S.S., 1999. Methodical guide-book for soil organic matter studies. Polish Society of Soil Science, Warszawa, 65p. Elliott E.T., 1986. Aggregate structure and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in native and cultivated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 50, 627-633. Fischer D., Glaser B., 2012. Synergisms between compost and biochar for sustainable soil amelioration, In: Kumar S. (ed.): Management of Organic Waste, In Tech Europe, Rijeka, 167-198. Glaser B., Lehmann J., Zech W., 2002. Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal - a review. Biol. Fertil. Soils., 35, 219-230. Heitkotter J., and B. Marschner, 2015. Interactive effects of biochar ageing in soils related to feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and historic charcoal production. Geoderma, 245-246, 56-64. Herath H.M.S.K., Camps-Arbestain M., Hedley M., 2013. Effect of biochar on soil physical properties in two contrasting soils: an Alfisol and an Andisol. Geoderma, 209-210, 188-197. Hillel D., 1982, Introduction to soil physics. Academic Press, San Diego, CA , 364 p. Chenu C., Plante A., 2006. Clay-sized organo-mineral complexes in a cultivation chronosequence: revisiting the concept of the “primary organo-mineral complex”. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 56, 596-607. IUSS Working Group WRB., 2014. World reference base for soil resources 2014. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources Reports, 106, FAO, Rome., 112p. Jeffery S., Verheijen F.G.A., Van der Velde M., Bastos A.C., 2011. A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis. Agr. Ecosys. Environ., 144, 175-187. Jien S.H., Wang Ch.S., 2013. Effects of biochar on soil properties and erosion potential in a highly weathered soil. Catena, 110, 225-233. Kammann C., Linsel S., Goßling J., Koyro H.W., 2011. Influence of biochar on drought tolerance of Chenopodium quinoa Willd and on soil-plant relations. Plant Soil, 345, 195-210. Kodesova R., Nemecek K., Zigova A., Nikodem A., Fer M., 2015. Using dye tracer for visualizing roots I pact on soil structure and soil porous system. Biologia, 70, 1439-1443. Krol, A., Lipiec, J., Turski, M., J. Kuoe, 2013. Effects of organic and conventional management on physical properties of soil aggregates. Int. Agrophys., 27, 15-21. Kurakov A.V., Kharin S.A., 2012. The Formation of Water-Stable Coprolite Aggregates in Soddy-Podzolic Soils and the Participation of Fungi in This Process. Eur. Soil Sci., 45, 429-434. Loginow W., Wisniewski W., Gonet S.S., Ciescinska B., 1987. Fractionation of organic carbon based on susceptibility to oxidation. Pol. J. Soil Sci., 20, 47-52. Lynch, J.M., and E. Bragg, 1985. Microorganisms and soil aggregate stability. Adv. Soil Sci., 2, 133-171. MHYPERLINK "about:blank"unkholm L.J., Schjonning P., Debosz K., Jensen H.E., Christensen B.T., 2002. Aggregate strength and mechanical behaviour of a sandy loam soil under long-term fertilization treatments. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 53, 129-137. Paradelo R., Van Oort F., Chenu C., 2013. Water-dispersible clay in bare fallow soils after 80 years of continuous fertilizer addition. Geoderma, 200-201, 40-44. Purakayastha T.J., Kumari S., Pathak H., 2015. Characterisation, stability, and microbial effects of four biochars produced from crop residues. Geoderma, 239-240, 293-303. Rees F., Germain C., Sterckeman T., Morel J.L., 2015. Plant growth and metal uptake by a non-hyperaccumulating species (Lolium perenne) and a Cd-Zn hyperaccumulator (Noccaea caerulescens) in contaminated soils amended with biochar. Plant Soil, 395, 57-73. Saha D., Kukal S.S., Sharma S., 2011. Land use impacts on SOC fractions and aggregate stability in typic Ustochrepts of Northwest India. Plant Soil, 339, 457-470. Six J., Bossuyt H., Degryze S., Denef K., 2004. A history of research on the link between (micro)aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics. Soil Till. Res., 79, 7-31. Six J., Elliott E.T., Paustian K., 2000. Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation: A mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture. Soil Biol. Biochem., 32, 2099-2103. Soinne H., Hovi J., Tammeorg P., Turtola E., 2014. Effect of biochar on phosphorus sorption and clay soil aggregate stability. Geoderma, 219-220, 162-167. Simansky V., 2013. Soil organic matter in water-stable aggregates under different soil management practices in a productive vineyard. Arch. Agron. Soil Sci., 59(9), 1207-1214. Simansky V., Jonczak J., 2016. Water-stable aggregates as a key element in the stabilization of soil organic matter in the Chernozems. Carp. J. Earth Environ. 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The aim of the study was to evaluated the effect of giving water hyacinth and fish oil in quail diet on the performance, egg cholesterol and egg fatty acid profile. This study used 200 unsex day old quail divided into 5 treatments and 4 replications that were reared 5 weeks and then selected male or female. The results of sexing quail at week 5 were 95 females and 86 males. Growth period diets (0-5 weeks) contains 24% crude protein and metabolic energy of 2900 kcal kg-1 and production period diets (5-12 weeks) contains 22% crude protein and 2900 kcal kg-1. The experimental design used a completely randomized design with the treatment of using water hyacinth that was 0%,1%, 2%, 3 % and 4% with fish oil which was 0%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% in quail diet. The variables measured were quail performance (0-5 week age and 5-12 week age), egg cholesterol, and egg fatty acid profile. The results showed that using of water hyacinth meal 1% -4% and fish oil 4%-5% in the diet of the growth period resulted in higher feed consumption and body weight gain than diet without water hyacinth and fish oil but feed conversion rasio were same. Quail performance of the production period was not affected by all treatments. Unsaturated fatty acids tend to increased in quail eggs. The lowest cholesterol level of quail eggs was by giving 2% of water hyacinth meal and 5% of fish oil in the diet. It was concluded that water hyacinth can be used as local feed ingredients in quail diet until 4%. Key words: Coturnix coturnix japonica, egg cholesterol, egg fatty acid profile, performance, production DAFTAR PUSTAKA Aboul-Enein AM, Al-Abd A, Shalaby EA, Abul-Ela F, Nasr-Allah AA & Mahmoud AM. 2011. Eichornia crassipes (MarT) solm. Plant Signal Behaviour. 6(6): 834-836 Afrose S, Hossain MS & Tsuji H. 2010. Effect of dietary karaya saponin on serum and egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens. British Poultry Science. 51 (6) : 797-804 Adeyemi OA, Adekoya JA & Abayomi R. 2012. Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing cassave leaf: blood meal mix as replacement for soybean meal. Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola. 12 (1): 212-219 Aziz Z, Cyriac S, Beena V & Philomina PT. 2012.Comparison of cholesterol content in chicken, duck and quail eggs. Journal Veterinary Animal Science. 43: 64-66 Bragagnolo N & Rodriguez-Amaya DB. 2003. Comparison of the cholesterol content of Brazilian chicken and quail eggs. Journal of food Composition and Analysis. 16(2): 147-153 Chimote MJ, Barmase BS, Raut AS, Dhok AP & Kuralkar SV.2009. Effect of supplementation of probiotic and enzymes on performance of Japanese quails. Veterinary World. 2 (6): 219-220 Damongilala LJ. 2008. Kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh minyak hati ikan cucut botol (Cenctrophorus sp) yang diekstraksi dengan cara pemanasan. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains. 8(2): 249-253 Grigorova S, Nikolova M, Penkov D & Gerzilov V. 2014. Egg yolk lipid change in Japanese given Tribulus terrestris extract. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 20 (6) : 1472-1476 Guclu BK, Uyanik F & Iscan KM. 2008. Effect of dietary oil sources on egg quality, fatty acid composition of eggs and blood lipids in laying quail. South American Journal of Animal Science. 38 (2): 91-100 Hartoyo B, Irawan I & Iriyanti N. 2005. Pengaruh asam lemak dan kadar serat kasar yang berbeda dalam ransum broiler terhadap kandungan kolesterol, HDL dan LDL serum darah. Animal Production. 7(1):27-33. Hemid, AEA, El-Gawad AAH, El-Wardany I, El-Daly EF & El-Azeem NAA. 2010. Alleviating effect of some environmental stress factors on productive performance in Japanese quail 2.Laying performance. World Journal of Agricultural Science. 6(5): 517-524 Hilmi M, Sumiati & Astuti DA.2015. Egg production and physical quality in Coturnix coturnix japonica fed diet containing piperine as phytogenic feed additive. Media Peternakan. 38(3): 150-155 Kamely M, Torshizi MAK & Khosravinia H. 2016. Omega 3 enrichment of quail eggs: age, fish oil, and savory essensial oil. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 18 (2): 347-359 Khairani, Sumiati & Wiryawan KG. 2016. Egg production and quality of quails fed diets with varying levels of methionine and choline chloride. Media Peternakan. 39 (1): 34-39 Kurniawan M, Izzati M & Nurchayati Y. 2010. Kandungan klorofil, karotenoid, dan vitamin C pada beberapa spesies tumbuhan akuatik. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi. 18(1):28-40 Leeson S & Summers JD. 2005. Commercial Poultry Nutrition. Third Edition. Canada (CA): Nottingham University Pr. LiYX, Wang YQ, Pang YZ, Li JX, Xie XH, Guo TJ & Li WQ. 2011. The effect of crude protein level in diets on laying performance, nutrien digestibility of yellow quails. International Journal of Poultry Science. 10(2): 110-112 Malik AA, Aremu A, Ayanwale BA & Ijaiya. AT 2016. A Nutritional evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes. Martius Solms-laubach) meal diets supplemented with Maxigrain* Enzyme for growing pulllets. Journal of Raw Material Research Nigeria. 10(2): 18-44 Mahmood M, Sial AR, Saima, Akram M, Pasha TN & Jabbar MA. 2014. Effect of dietary energy levels on growth performance and feed cost analysis in Japanese quail. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 45(5): 1357-1362 Mangisah I, Tristiarti, Murningsih W, Nasoetion MH, Jayanti ES & Astuti Y. 2006. Kecernaan nutrien eceng gondok yang difermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger pada ayam broiler. Journal of Indonesian Tropical Animal Agricultural. 31 (2): 124-128 Maulana IT, Sukraso & Damayanti S. 2014 .Kandungan asam lemak dalam minyak ikan Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 6(1): 121-130 Metwally AA, El-Gellal AM & El-Sawaisi SM. 2009). Effect of silymarin on lipid metabolism in rat. World Applied Sciences Journal. 6 (12): 1634-1637 Mona MH, Morsy AS & Hasan AM. 2013. Egg yolk cholesterol and productive performance of laying hens influenced by dietary crude fiber levels under drinking natural salin water. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production. 4(3): 161-176 Muhammad M, Peter S, James G & Wosilat A. 2015. Growth performance of growing quails (Coturnix japonica) fed graded levels of Neem. International Journal of Applied Research. 1(2): 04-07 NRC.1994. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. 9th Edition. Wahington D.C (US): National Academy Odo BI & Nnadi AE. 2014. Growth response of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) to varying levels of cassava (Manihot esculenta) tuber meal as a replacement for maize (Zea mays). American Journal of Experimental Agricultural. 4(12): 1898-1903 Riswandi. 2014. Kualitas silase eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dengan penambahan dedak halus dan ubi kayu. Jurnal Peternakan Sriwijaya. 3(1): 1-6 Rusmana,D. 2007. Pengaruh substitusi minyak sawit oleh minyak ikan lemuru dan suplementasi vitamin E dalam ransum ayam broiler terhadap performans. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak. 7(2): 101-106 Saha S. & Ray AK. 2011. Evaluation of nutritive value of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaf meal in compound diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings after fermentation with two bacterial strains isolated from fish gut. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 11: 199-207 Sastrodihardjo S, Suci DM & Cahyanto MN. 1998. Penggunaan Minyak Ikan Lemuru dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit dalam ransum terhadap Kandungan Asam lemak Omega 3 dan Omega 6 dalam Kuning Telur Ayam. Bogor (ID): Seminar Nasional Peternakan dan Veteriner. Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Savory CJ & Gentle MJ. 1976. Changes in food intake and gut size in Japanese quail in response to manipulation of dietary fibre content. British Poultry Science. 17(6): 571-580 Sotolu AO & Sule SO. 2011. Digestibility and performance of water hyacinth meal in the diets of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL, 1822). Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystem. 14: 245-250 Sim JS, Kitts WD & Bragg DB. 1984. Effect of dietary saponin on egg cholesterol level and laying hen performance. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 64: 97-98 Tyagi T & Agarwal M. 2017. Antioxidant properties and phenolic compound in methanolic extracts of Eichornia crassipes. Reserarch journal of Phytochemistry. 11(2): 85-89. Tolik D, Polawska E, Charuta A, Nowaczewski S & Cooper R. 2014.Characteristics of egg parts, chemical composition and nutritive value of Japanese quail eggs-a review. Folia Biological (Krakow). 62 (4): 287-292 Tunsaringkarn T, Tungjaroenchai W & Siriwong W. 2013. Nutrient benefits of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 3(5): 1-8

The aim of the study was to evaluated the effect of giving water hyacinth and fish oil in quail diet on the performance, egg cholesterol and egg fatty acid profile. This study used 200 unsex day old quail divided into 5 treatments and 4 replications that were reared 5 weeks and then selected male or female. The results of sexing quail at week 5 were 95 females and 86 males. Growth period diets (0-5 weeks) contains 24% crude protein and metabolic energy of 2900 kcal kg-1 and production period diets (5-12 weeks) contains 22% crude protein and 2900 kcal kg-1. The experimental design used a completely randomized design with the treatment of using water hyacinth that was 0%,1%, 2%, 3 % and 4% with fish oil which was 0%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% in quail diet. The variables measured were quail performance (0-5 week age and 5-12 week age), egg cholesterol, and egg fatty acid profile. The results showed that using of water hyacinth meal 1% -4% and fish oil 4%-5% in the diet of the growth period resulted in higher feed consumption and body weight gain than diet without water hyacinth and fish oil but feed conversion rasio were same. Quail performance of the production period was not affected by all treatments. Unsaturated fatty acids tend to increased in quail eggs. The lowest cholesterol level of quail eggs was by giving 2% of water hyacinth meal and 5% of fish oil in the diet. It was concluded that water hyacinth can be used as local feed ingredients in quail diet until 4%. Key words: Coturnix coturnix japonica, egg cholesterol, egg fatty acid profile, performance, production DAFTAR PUSTAKA Aboul-Enein AM, Al-Abd A, Shalaby EA, Abul-Ela F, Nasr-Allah AA & Mahmoud AM. 2011. Eichornia crassipes (MarT) solm. Plant Signal Behaviour. 6(6): 834-836 Afrose S, Hossain MS & Tsuji H. 2010. Effect of dietary karaya saponin on serum and egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens. British Poultry Science. 51 (6) : 797-804 Adeyemi OA, Adekoya JA & Abayomi R. 2012. Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing cassave leaf: blood meal mix as replacement for soybean meal. Revista Cientifica UDO Agricola. 12 (1): 212-219 Aziz Z, Cyriac S, Beena V & Philomina PT. 2012.Comparison of cholesterol content in chicken, duck and quail eggs. Journal Veterinary Animal Science. 43: 64-66 Bragagnolo N & Rodriguez-Amaya DB. 2003. Comparison of the cholesterol content of Brazilian chicken and quail eggs. Journal of food Composition and Analysis. 16(2): 147-153 Chimote MJ, Barmase BS, Raut AS, Dhok AP & Kuralkar SV.2009. Effect of supplementation of probiotic and enzymes on performance of Japanese quails. Veterinary World. 2 (6): 219-220 Damongilala LJ. 2008. Kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh minyak hati ikan cucut botol (Cenctrophorus sp) yang diekstraksi dengan cara pemanasan. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains. 8(2): 249-253 Grigorova S, Nikolova M, Penkov D & Gerzilov V. 2014. Egg yolk lipid change in Japanese given Tribulus terrestris extract. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 20 (6) : 1472-1476 Guclu BK, Uyanik F & Iscan KM. 2008. Effect of dietary oil sources on egg quality, fatty acid composition of eggs and blood lipids in laying quail. South American Journal of Animal Science. 38 (2): 91-100 Hartoyo B, Irawan I & Iriyanti N. 2005. Pengaruh asam lemak dan kadar serat kasar yang berbeda dalam ransum broiler terhadap kandungan kolesterol, HDL dan LDL serum darah. Animal Production. 7(1):27-33. Hemid, AEA, El-Gawad AAH, El-Wardany I, El-Daly EF & El-Azeem NAA. 2010. Alleviating effect of some environmental stress factors on productive performance in Japanese quail 2.Laying performance. World Journal of Agricultural Science. 6(5): 517-524 Hilmi M, Sumiati & Astuti DA.2015. Egg production and physical quality in Coturnix coturnix japonica fed diet containing piperine as phytogenic feed additive. Media Peternakan. 38(3): 150-155 Kamely M, Torshizi MAK & Khosravinia H. 2016. Omega 3 enrichment of quail eggs: age, fish oil, and savory essensial oil. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 18 (2): 347-359 Khairani, Sumiati & Wiryawan KG. 2016. Egg production and quality of quails fed diets with varying levels of methionine and choline chloride. Media Peternakan. 39 (1): 34-39 Kurniawan M, Izzati M & Nurchayati Y. 2010. Kandungan klorofil, karotenoid, dan vitamin C pada beberapa spesies tumbuhan akuatik. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi. 18(1):28-40 Leeson S & Summers JD. 2005. Commercial Poultry Nutrition. Third Edition. Canada (CA): Nottingham University Pr. LiYX, Wang YQ, Pang YZ, Li JX, Xie XH, Guo TJ & Li WQ. 2011. The effect of crude protein level in diets on laying performance, nutrien digestibility of yellow quails. International Journal of Poultry Science. 10(2): 110-112 Malik AA, Aremu A, Ayanwale BA & Ijaiya. AT 2016. A Nutritional evaluation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes. Martius Solms-laubach) meal diets supplemented with Maxigrain* Enzyme for growing pulllets. Journal of Raw Material Research Nigeria. 10(2): 18-44 Mahmood M, Sial AR, Saima, Akram M, Pasha TN & Jabbar MA. 2014. Effect of dietary energy levels on growth performance and feed cost analysis in Japanese quail. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 45(5): 1357-1362 Mangisah I, Tristiarti, Murningsih W, Nasoetion MH, Jayanti ES & Astuti Y. 2006. Kecernaan nutrien eceng gondok yang difermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger pada ayam broiler. Journal of Indonesian Tropical Animal Agricultural. 31 (2): 124-128 Maulana IT, Sukraso & Damayanti S. 2014 .Kandungan asam lemak dalam minyak ikan Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 6(1): 121-130 Metwally AA, El-Gellal AM & El-Sawaisi SM. 2009). Effect of silymarin on lipid metabolism in rat. World Applied Sciences Journal. 6 (12): 1634-1637 Mona MH, Morsy AS & Hasan AM. 2013. Egg yolk cholesterol and productive performance of laying hens influenced by dietary crude fiber levels under drinking natural salin water. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production. 4(3): 161-176 Muhammad M, Peter S, James G & Wosilat A. 2015. Growth performance of growing quails (Coturnix japonica) fed graded levels of Neem. International Journal of Applied Research. 1(2): 04-07 NRC.1994. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. 9th Edition. Wahington D.C (US): National Academy Odo BI & Nnadi AE. 2014. Growth response of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) to varying levels of cassava (Manihot esculenta) tuber meal as a replacement for maize (Zea mays). American Journal of Experimental Agricultural. 4(12): 1898-1903 Riswandi. 2014. Kualitas silase eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dengan penambahan dedak halus dan ubi kayu. Jurnal Peternakan Sriwijaya. 3(1): 1-6 Rusmana,D. 2007. Pengaruh substitusi minyak sawit oleh minyak ikan lemuru dan suplementasi vitamin E dalam ransum ayam broiler terhadap performans. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak. 7(2): 101-106 Saha S. & Ray AK. 2011. Evaluation of nutritive value of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaf meal in compound diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings after fermentation with two bacterial strains isolated from fish gut. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 11: 199-207 Sastrodihardjo S, Suci DM & Cahyanto MN. 1998. Penggunaan Minyak Ikan Lemuru dan Minyak Kelapa Sawit dalam ransum terhadap Kandungan Asam lemak Omega 3 dan Omega 6 dalam Kuning Telur Ayam. Bogor (ID): Seminar Nasional Peternakan dan Veteriner. Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Savory CJ & Gentle MJ. 1976. Changes in food intake and gut size in Japanese quail in response to manipulation of dietary fibre content. British Poultry Science. 17(6): 571-580 Sotolu AO & Sule SO. 2011. Digestibility and performance of water hyacinth meal in the diets of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus BURCHELL, 1822). Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystem. 14: 245-250 Sim JS, Kitts WD & Bragg DB. 1984. Effect of dietary saponin on egg cholesterol level and laying hen performance. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 64: 97-98 Tyagi T & Agarwal M. 2017. Antioxidant properties and phenolic compound in methanolic extracts of Eichornia crassipes. Reserarch journal of Phytochemistry. 11(2): 85-89. Tolik D, Polawska E, Charuta A, Nowaczewski S & Cooper R. 2014.Characteristics of egg parts, chemical composition and nutritive value of Japanese quail eggs-a review. Folia Biological (Krakow). 62 (4): 287-292 Tunsaringkarn T, Tungjaroenchai W & Siriwong W. 2013. Nutrient benefits of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications. 3(5): 1-8

A preliminary study to determine the group of compound contained in the ethanolic extract of mahagony (Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq.) seeds and its inhibitory activity to a-glucosidase enzyme has been done. The information from this study will be used in the further investigation about the specific constituents related to the bioactivity. The seed was grounded and then extracted with ethanol by maceration technique. The crude extract was separated with liquid-liquid extraction by using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as the solvents. The best eluent for isolation, chloroform:ethanol (1:1), was determined by thin layer chromatography while alumina as stationary phase. The isolation step with column chromatography gave two types of isolates, yellow and colorless isolate. In order to get information about the compound, the crude extract was subjected to phytochemical assignment and the isolate with the better activity was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. The inhibitory activity for the yellow isolate with IC50 as 19.345 ppm was better than the colorless isolate. Therefore, the IR spectroscopy assay was subjected to the yellow isolate. Based on the comparison IR spectra with literatures, it has suggested that the yellow isolate contains tetranortriterpenoid or limonoid group.Keywords: Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq., diabetes type 2, a-glucosidase, tetranortriterpenoidREFERENCE World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes. http://www.who.int. Accessed on 18 July 2017.Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2014. Situasi dan analisis diabetes. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kemenkes RI.Dutta, M., Raychaudhuri, U., Chakroborty, R., and Maji, D. 2011. Role of diet and plants on diabetic patients - a critical appraisal. Science and Culture. 77 (3–4).Eid, A.M.M., Elmarzugi, N.A., and El-Enshasy, H.A. 2013. A Review on the phytopharmacological effect of Swietenia macrophylla, Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 5 (3): 47-53.Bera, T.K., Chatterjee, K., Jana, K., Ali, K.M., De, D., Maiti, M., and Ghosh, D. 2012. Antihyperglycemic and antioxidative effect of hydro-methanolic (2:3) extract of the seed of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino rat: an approach through pancreas. Genomic Medicine, Biomarkers, and Health Sciences. 4: 107-117.Li, D.D, Chen, J.H, Chen, Q, Li, G.W, Chen, J, and Yue, J.M. 2005. Swietenia mahagony extract shows agonistic activity to PPAR-γ and gives ameliorative effects on diabetic db/db mice. Acta Pharmacol Sinica. 26 (2): 220-222.Sathish, R., Natarajan, K., and Selvakumar, S. 2010. Antidiabetic activity of Swietenia mahagoni seed powder in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Research J. Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. 2(4): 296-299.Wresdiyati, T., Sa’diah, S., and Winarto, A., Febriyani, V. 2015. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition and hypoglycemic activities of Sweitenia mahagoni seed extract. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences. 22 (2): 73-78.Sukardiman, Riza, N.F., Rakhmawati, Studiawan, H., Mulja, H.S., and Rahman, A. 2013. Hypoglycemic activity of 96% ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata Nees. and Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. combination, E-Journal Planta Husada,. 1.Masitha, M. 2011. Skrining aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase dan penapisan fitokimia dari beberapa tanaman obat yang digunakan sebagai antidiabetes di indonesia. Skripsi. FMIPA UI.Aliyan, A.H. 2012. Uji penghambatan aktivitas alfa-glukosidase dan identifikasi golongan senyawa kimia dari fraksi aktif ekstrak biji mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King). Skripsi. FMIPA UI.Ibrahim, M.A., Koorbanally, N.A., and Islam, M.S. 2014. Antioxidative activity and inhibition of key enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes (a-glucosidase and a-amylase) by Khaya senegalensis. Acta Pharm. 64: 311–324.Harborne, J. B. 1984. Phytochemical methods: a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. New York: Chapman and Hall.Kadota, S., Marpaung, L., Tohru, K., and Ekimoto, H. 1990. Constituents of the seeds of Switenia mahagoni JACQ. I. isolation, structures, and 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance signal assignments of new tetranorterpenoids related to swietenine and swietenolide. Che. Pharm. Bull. 38(3): 639–651.Rahman, A. K. M. S., Chowdhury, A. K. A., Ali, H.A., Raihan, S.Z, Ali, M.S., Nahar, L., and Sarker, S.D. 2009. Antibacterial activity of two limonoids from Swietenia mahagoni against multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. J Nat Med. 63: 41–45.Yadav, L.D.S. 2005. Organic spectroscopy. Allahabad: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Dewanjee, S., Maiti, A., Das, A.K., Mandal, S.C., and Dey, S.P. 2009. Swietenine: a potential oral hypoglycemic from swietenia macrophylla seed. Fitoterapia. 80: 249–251.Maiti, A., Dewanjee, S., and Sahu, R. 2009. Isolation of hypoglycemic phytoconstituent from Swietenia macrophylla Seeds, Phytother. Res. 23: 1731–1733.Marliana, S.D., Suryanti, V., and Suyono. 2005. Skrining fitokimia dan analisis kromatografi lapis tipis komponen kimia buah labu siam (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz.) dalam ekstrak etanol, Biofarmasi. 3 (1): 26-31.Nurhayati, Siadi, K., and Harjono. 2012. Pengaruh konsentrasi natrium benzoat dan lama penyimpanan pada kadar fenolat total pasta tomat, Indo. J. Chem. Sci. Vol. 1 (2): 158-163.Siadi, K. 2012. Ekstrak bungkil biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) sebagai biopestisida yang efektif dengan penambahan larutan NaCl. Jurnal MIPA. 35 (1): 80-81.Klein, D.R. 2012. Organic chemistry. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., and Kriz, G.S. 2001. Introduction to spectroscopy. London: Thomson Learning.Minaeva, V.A., Minaev, B.F., Baryshnikov, G.V., Romeyko, O.M., and Pittelkow, M. 2013. The FTIR spectra of substituted tetraoxa[8]circulenes and their assignments based on DFT calculations, Vibrational Spectroscopy. 65: 147–158.Mootoo, B.S., Ali, A, Motilal, R, Pingal, R, Ramlal, A, Khan, A, Reynolds, W.F, and McLean, S. 1999. Limonoids from Swietenia macrophylla and S. aubrevilleana. J. Nat. Prod. 62: 1514-1517.Lin, B.D., Yuan, T., Zhang, C.R., Dong, L., Zhang, B., Wu, Y., and Yue, J.M. 2009. Structurally diverse limonoids from the fruits of Swietenia mahagoni. J. Nat. Prod. 72: 2084–2090.Cheng, Y.B., Chien, Y.T., Lee, J.C., Tseng, C.K., Wang, H.C., Lo, W., Wu, Y.H., Wang, S.Y., Wu, Y.C., and Chang, F.R. 2014. Limonoids from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla with inhibitory activity against dengue virus 2. J. Nat. Prod. dx.doi.org/10.1021/np5002829.Zhang, W.M., Liu, J.Q., Deng, Y.Y., Xia, J.J., Zhang, R.N., Li, Z.R., and Qiu, M.H. 2014. Diterpenoids and limonoids from the leaves and twigs of Swietenia mahagoni. Nat. Prod. Bioprospect. 4:53–57.Ma, Y.Q., Jiang, K., Deng, Y., Guo, L., Wan, Y.Q., and Tan, C.H. 2017. Mexicanolide-type limonoids from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla, Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, DOI: 10.1080/1028-6020.2017.1335715.Zang, Y., amd Xu, H. 2017. Recent progress in the chemistry and biology of limonoids. RSC Adv. 7: 35191–35220.Tan, Q.G., and Luo, X.D. 2011. Meliaceous limonoids: chemistry and biological activities. Chem. Rev., 111, 7437–7522.Fang, X., Di, Y. T, and Hao, X. J. 2011. The advances in the limonoid chemistry of the Meliaceae family. Current Organic Chemistry. 15: 1363-1391.Taylor, D. A. H. The chemistry of the limonoids from meliaceae. https://link.spri-nger.com/book-series/126. Accessed on 21 July 2017.Zang, Y., amd Xu, H. 2017. Recent progress in the chemistry and biology of limonoids. RSC Adv. 7: 35191–35220.

Purpose.This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the HVGGSSV peptide, exploring radiation-guided delivery in a mouse model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods.Mice with CNE-1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma were assigned to two different groups treated with Cy7-NHS and Cy7-HVGGSSV, respectively. Meanwhile, each mouse received a single dose of 3 Gy radiation. Biological distribution of the recombinant peptide was assessed on anin vivosmall animal imaging system.Results.The experimental group showed maximum fluorescence intensity in irradiated tumors treated with Cy7-labeled HVGGSSV, while untreated (0 Gy) control tumors showed lower intensity levels. Fluorescence intensities of tumors in the right hind limbs of experimental animals were7.84×107±1.13×107,1.35×108±2.66×107,4.05×108±1.75×107,5.57×108±3.47×107, and9.26×107±1.73×107photons/s/cm2higher compared with left hind limb values at 1, 2, 15, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Fluorescence intensities of tumor in the right hind limbs of the experimental group were1.66×108±1.71×107,1.51×108±3.23×107,5.38×108±1.96×107,5.89×108±3.57×107, and1.62×108±1.69×107photons/s/cm2higher compared with control group values at 1, 2, 15, 24, and 48 h, respectively. Fluorescence was not specifically distributed in the control group. Compared with low fluorescence intensity in the heart, lungs, and tumors, high fluorescence distribution was found in the liver and kidney at 48 h.Conclusions.HVGGSSV was selectively bound to irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, acting as a targeting transport carrier for radiation-guided drugs that are mainly metabolized in the kidney and liver.

Can Gio mangrove forest (CGM) is located downstream of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), situated between an estuarine system of Dong Nai - Sai Gon river and a part of Vam Co river. The CGM is the largest restored mangrove forest in Vietnam and the UNESCO’s Mangrove Biosphere Reserve. The CGM has been gradually facing to numeric challenges of global climate change, environmental degradation and socio-economic development for the last decades. To evaluate sediment quality in the CGM, we collected 13 cores to analyze for sediment grain size, organic matter content, and trace element concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn. Results showed that trace element concentrations ranged from uncontaminated (Cd, Cu, and Zn) to very minor contaminated (Cr, Ni, and Pb). The concentrations were gradually influenced by suspended particle size and the mangrove plants.ReferencesAnh M.T., Chi D.H., Vinh N.N., Loan T.T., Triet L.M., Slootenb K.B.-V., Tarradellas J., 2003. 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En grundläggande princip för olika avtal är att det föreligger avtalsfrihet mellan parterna. Då vissa avtal kräver att formkrav ska vara uppfyllda för att avtalet ska giltigförklaras inskränks sålunda avtalsfriheten för dessa avtal. Formkravet för fastighetsöverlåtelser stadgas i 4:1 JB och har sina rötter ungefär 300 år tillbaka. Formkravet för aktieteckning vid nyemissioner har även det rötter över 100 år tillbaka i tiden. Formkraven har under en lång tid inneburit att även utfästelser och optioner gällande dessa formavtal har setts som ogiltiga, då formkraven annars underminerats. I det nyligen avdömda målet NJA 2016 s. 107 konstaterade Högsta Domstolen emellertid att optioner gällande formavtal som huvudregel ska vara obligationsrättsligt bindande. Även gällande optioner för fastighetsöverlåtelser synes trenden hos Högsta Domstolen tyda på att sådana kan komma att bli giltiga i framtiden. Frågan som infinner sig är vilken reell verkan dessa formkrav då faktiskt har och kommer få, samt vilka intressen de skyddar. Med hänsyn till att avtalsfriheten får ett allt större utrymme ter det sig som att det framförallt är tredjeman som har nytta av dessa formkrav. I ett modernt samhälle är frågan om de nuvarande verkningarna av formkraven verkligen är rimliga och om det istället kan vara på sin plats med en revidering av dessa.
A fundamental principle in contract law is the principle of freedom of contract. Since some contracts require a formal requirement to be fulfilled in order for the contract to be enforceable this principle is in some regards restricted. The formal requirement regarding property transactions is stipulated in chapter 4 section 1 in the Swedish Land Code and it roots back almost 300 years. The formal requirement regarding applications of share during a rights issue is found in chapter 13 paragraph 13 in the Swedish Companies Act and it as well can be traced over 100 years backwards. These formal requirements have for a long time meant that pledges and options regarding said contracts has been seen as void, since the formal requirements would otherwise be undermined. In the recent Court decision NJA 2016 s. 107 the Supreme Court argued that options regarding contracts involving a formal requirement, other than those regarding property transactions, should as a principal rule be accepted in personam between the parties. The Supreme Court´s decisions as of late seems to show a trend that such options might be accepted regarding transactions of properties in the future. The question at hand is what meaning these formal requirements will have, and will get, and also which interests they protect. Considering the fact that the principle of freedom of contracts seems to be getting more space in the court’s decisions it seems that the party getting protected by the formal requirements is mostly the third party affected by the agreement. In a modern society, the question is if the effects of the formal requirements are reasonable, or if a revision of said requirements might be in order.

Upphovsrättsdirektivet, Digital Single Market-direktivet, befinner sig idag i en implementeringsprocess i EU-länderna. Implementeringen syftar till att harmonisera upphovsrätten mellan medlemsstaterna och att upprätthålla en väl fungerande inre marknad. Direktivet medför ett antal dilemman vid harmoniseringen av medlemsländernas lagstiftningar. Somliga länder är positiva till direktivet, medan andra anmärker en ordalydelse som är otydlig, abstrakt och svår att konkretisera. Frankrike var första land inom unionen att lägga fram ett lagförslag baserat på direktivet. Samtliga medlemsländer, däribland Sverige, har fortfarande tid på sig att införliva direktivet i sin lagstiftning. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda DSM-direktivets artikel 17 och dess implementering i fransk rätt med utgångspunkt i Frankrikes framställda lagförslag. Vidare är ändamålet att göra en konkret jämförelse mellan förevarande upphovsrättsliga normer i Sverige respektive Frankrike, för att således kunna analysera det franska lagförslagets lämplighet i svensk rättsordning. Lämpligheten ska försöka bedömas utifrån kulturella värderingar bakom nationell lagstiftning och upphovsrättspolitik. För att besvara frågeställningen huruvida det franska lagförslaget på implementering av DSM-direktivets artikel 17 kan vara en förebild för den svenska lagstiftaren, har framställningen disponerats enligt följande: vi har (1) utrett svensk upphovsrätt, (2) redogjort för DSM-direktivet och härrörande kritik, (3) uppgivit Regeringskansliets resonemang och frågeställningar gällande direktivets genomförande i svensk rätt, (4) utrett fransk upphovsrätt samt (5) översatt och tolkat förevarande lagförslag med tillhörande kritik. Utöver rättskällor, har framställningen till övervägande del grund i debattartiklar, tidskrifter samt inlägg online för att klargöra den aktuella problematiken rörande DSM-direktivet. Slutsatsen är att svensk respektive fransk upphovsrätt visserligen framstår som snarlika i stort sett. Däremot kan det franska lagförslaget på implementering av direktivet enbart framstå som en förebild i viss mån. Av artikel 17:s tre huvudområden kan vägledning av det franska lagförslaget endast ges gällande införandet av en klagomåls- och avhjälpningsmekanism.

Det här är den slutgiltiga examensuppsatsen, en nedskuren version av en mer omfattande och djupgående version. För intressenter finns den första versionen tillgänglig via kontakt med författarna. 

Esta obra se debruça sobre diálogos entre políticas públicas e direito, trazendo artigos científicos de diversos autores brasileiros acerca da participação e da sua efetividade na sociedade contemporânea. O livro apresenta um olhar interdisciplinar, sendo composto por capítulos escritos por pesquisadores não só da área jurídica, como também de Psicologia, Biologia, Odontologia e Pedagogia. A divisão dos capítulos parte de temas mais relacionados à participação política por diferentes vias, passando pelas demandas por efetivação dos direitos humanos, sem retrocesso social. Em seguida, transita por violações específicas no âmbito dos direitos a educação, igualdade racial e de gênero, moradia, dignidade física, psíquica e sexual, segurança pública e saúde. O primeiro capítulo discute em que medida foi eficaz a participação popular na tramitação da reforma política na Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil. Descreve as vias de participação popular nesse âmbito e discute seus efeitos na tramitação da referida reforma, a partir dos procedimentos metodológicos de revisão bibliográfica, análise de documentos, estudo de caso e process tracing com elite interviewing, em abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados indicam que, embora tenha havido aumento da participação popular institucional no período sob enfoque, o parlamento aplicou não decisões em relação à reforma política intencionada pelas entidades da sociedade civil que organizaram as provocações ao Poder Legislativo. Em seguida, o segundo capítulo tem como principal objetivo a análise acerca do Portal e-Democracia e o seu papel para uma maior democracia participativa de, principalmente, inclusão das minorias sociais. Estuda a relação entre a democracia brasileira e a participação popular, investiga o porquê do Portal e-Democracia ser tão necessário para a defesa dos direitos das minorias sociais, bem como explica a importância da participação popular legislativa das minorias sociais. Esta pesquisa parte de fontes bibliográficas primárias e secundárias, com revisão bibliográfica e análise do próprio portal em estudo. O estudo conclui que é essencial a criação de políticas públicas para a participação política das minorias sociais, sendo uma delas o mencionado portal eletrônico, porém esta medida isolada não resolve a presente questão, sendo necessárias políticas públicas de fácil acesso a todos e todas. O terceiro capítulo aborda as relações que conectam o princípio da vedação ao retrocesso social com as manifestações que apoiam o movimento de retorno da ditadura militar no Brasil no século XXI. Para tanto, no primeiro momento, os autores elucidam os conceitos de vedação ao retrocesso social, bem como o significado do chamado efeito cliquet, o qual corrobora com os ditames fixados do respectivo princípio, haja vista que, no alpinismo, significa que quando atingida uma determinada altura, não se pode mais voltar. Contextualizam, ademais, as heranças e as consequências da ditadura militar no Brasil, além de analisarem as manifestações que têm ocorrido na atualidade em prol de um retrocesso ao período ditatorial. O trabalho comprova que a volta da ditadura militar seria uma afronta ao princípio da vedação ao retrocesso social, uma vez que extinguiria e revogaria direitos fundamentais já consolidados no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e regressaria a um período autoritário, que não se coaduna com o Estado Democrático de Direito. Conectando-se à discussão acerca de retrocessos e inefetividade de direitos, o quarto capítulo mergulha no debate democrático acerca da expansão da educação superior brasileira e das políticas de acesso que promoveram um significativo acréscimo de ingressantes nos cursos de graduação no Brasil. O trabalho atende a pesquisa bibliográfica e fundamenta-se na revisão de literatura com o suporte teórico de autores e legislações da área afim, refletindo sobre o processo de evolução e inclusão mediante a implementação de programas e ações afirmativas para a educação superior que corroboraram para dirimir o caráter elitista impregnado no perfil deste nível de ensino. Embora distante de reparar as injustiças sociais no Brasil, tais políticas geraram um número maior de ingressantes das camadas menos favorecidas da sociedade e, com isso, a representatividade dos grupos denominados de minorias aumentou, ainda que de modo tímido, mas refletindo na redução do déficit de acesso ao ensino superior. Ainda sobre desigualdades na educação no país, no quinto capítulo as autoras investigam como a discussão sobre o mito da democracia racial no Brasil impulsionou práticas racistas ao longo do tempo e como, a partir de um viés multiculturalista, se assentam as políticas afirmativas, com destaque para a política de cotas para ingresso de negros e pardos nas Universidades, implementadas a partir de 2012. Apontam, para tanto, que a construção deste mito não se coaduna com questões mais modernas e de relevo econômico e social que pautaram a promoção de políticas afirmativas no Brasil. Nesta senda, as políticas sociais afirmativas de cotas são medidas tomadas pelo Estado, de cunho temporário ou especial, com o objetivo de assegurar igualdade de oportunidades e que foram negadas historicamente para a população afro. Para embasar este artigo, foi utilizada a metodologia de revisão bibliográfica e a análise documental das políticas afirmativas de cotas. O capítulo seguinte aventa que as relações sociais são produtos da vida em sociedade e caracterizam-se, essencialmente, pela interação que há entre seus componentes considerando territórios, culturas, identidade e ideias. Contudo, é da natureza dessa dinâmica social que alguns grupos sociais se sobressaiam sobre os demais e imponham seus interesses pessoais acima dos interesses públicos, prejudicando, assim, a concretização de interesses gerais. Dessa maneira, com o intuito de explicar como essas relações de poder e de domínio influenciam na concretização de políticas públicas, o trabalho se propôs a analisar qual o protagonismo que os agentes sociais têm nessa fase. Como exemplo prático dessa discussão acadêmica, analisa-se como a elite governante brasileira busca conciliar seus interesses com a efetivação de políticas públicas habitacionais. Em outro aspecto de violação de direitos através de deficiências de políticas públicas, o sétimo capítulo analisa a evolução da taxa de homicídios no Brasil, verificando grande heterogeneidade entre os estados. Isso constitui uma deficiência estrutural grave, que compromete as bases do desenvolvimento no país. Assim, o propõe-se o entendimento da correlação das taxas de homicídios no Brasil em um período de 10 anos, verificando que os estados do Rio Grande do Norte, Goiás, Maranhão e Piauí se correlacionaram positivamente, apresentando um aumento na taxa de homicídios, enquanto Espírito Santo e Paraíba obtiveram redução. Diante dos resultados, destaca-se a atenção às políticas de segurança pública e conclui-se que é possível identificar padrões estruturais das distintas dinâmicas de homicídios contribuindo para e informações relevantes que possam subsidiar a implantação e efetividade das políticas públicas no país. Na seara das violências, o oitavo capítulo destaca aquelas cometidas contra mulheres no ambiente doméstico no bairro de Narandiba, em Salvador-BA. O artigo tem como objetivo geral analisar a possibilidade ou não de ampliação no atendimento às mulheres que sofrem violência doméstica através da unidade do Centro Judiciário de Solução Consensual de Conflitos (CEJUSC), órgão vinculado ao Tribunal de Justiça da Bahia, localizado no bairro de Narandiba, em Salvador. Como primeiro objetivo específico, examina se o acolhimento dessas vítimas estaria em conformidade com o regulamento e a missão que fundamenta o trabalho do CEJUSC. Como segundo objetivo específico, reflete sobre a demanda de mulheres, vítimas de agressão doméstica, que passam pela unidade de Narandiba em busca de um apoio ou uma orientação jurídica. Em termos metodológicos, o artigo é qualitativo e analisa o tema proposto utilizando a revisão bibliográfica, a análise de documentos e a observação da autora durante o período de janeiro a outubro de 2019. As violências domésticas atingem, não raro, a dignidade sexual de crianças e adolescentes. Assim, a conexão para o nono capítulo apresenta as etapas da perícia psicológica nos casos de suspeita de abuso sexual, tendo como enfoque os instrumentos e testes psicológicos mais utilizados nestas avaliações. Os objetivos específicos englobam conceituar avaliação psicológica e abuso sexual, bem como trazer técnicas da Psicologia que melhor respaldem o psicólogo nesse processo de avaliação. O método deste estudo foi realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. A avaliação psicológica pericial difere de outros tipos de avaliação psicológica em função de sua meta final onde atua subsidiando decisões legais quando estas dependem de um entendimento de funcionamento psicológico do(s) envolvidos(s) nos casos de suspeita de abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes. Abuso sexual é qualquer contato ou interação entre uma criança ou adolescente e alguém em estágio psicossexual mais avançado do desenvolvimento, na qual a criança ou adolescente estiver sendo usado para estimulação sexual do perpetrador. As avaliações psicológicas têm sido requisitadas em todas as fases de encaminhamento dos casos, da notificação ao processo judicial. Desde a fase inicial ou investigativa, a criança pode passar por inúmeras intervenções (entrevistas, aplicação de testes psicológicos, etc), inclusive de psicólogos que não atuam diretamente com a justiça, mas que acabam colaborando no processo quanto à veracidade da situação de abuso. Não obstante possam ser vítimas de diversas violações de direitos, por vezes crianças e adolescentes entram em conflito com a lei. Nesse contexto, o décimo capítulo investiga a contribuição da aplicabilidade da entrevista terapêutica no processo de avaliação psicológica de adolescentes em conflito com a lei, descrevendo as características de adolescentes, explicando a função da Psicologia e elucidando entrevista terapêutica como ferramenta diferencial na avaliação psicológica desses adolescentes. Como metodologia foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, com base em livros e artigos científicos, com tratamento particular de publicações da área de Psicologia e da legislação específica sobre os direitos do adolescente. Como resultados, os adolescentes em conflitos com a lei apresentam características que se fundamentam em aspectos históricos, sociais e culturais e a entrevista terapêutica mostrou-se como importante na contribuição da avaliação psicológica desses adolescentes, uma vez que se dispõe como uma técnica de analise aberta, capaz de se ajustar a diferentes situações clínicas, com possibilidades de descobrir as subjetividades, conhecer comportamentos, indicar encaminhamentos ou fazer intervenções. Diante de uma realidade vivencial complexa e aprisionadora, a avalição psicológica é uma prática relacional, que visa com alteridade contribuir para incluir socialmente os adolescentes. É certo que a mudança comportamental dos adolescentes infratores requer apoio familiar e um trabalho multidisciplinar, que não comporta apenas o papel do Psicólogo, mas, o envolvimento do Estado e da sociedade como um todo em ações conjuntas, para efetivamente produzir transformações. Conclui-se que o estudo produziu uma discussão importante, por dispor conhecimentos para área da Psicologia, profissionais que atuam e para a sociedade, que podem melhor conhecer os espaços de intervenção, meios de atuação e a importância da psicologia neste contexto. Nessa linha de discussão que abarca questões relacionadas à saúde, o capítulo seguinte analisa a judicialização do direito à saúde. Esse direito, conforme o artigo 196 da Constituição Federal, pertence a todos e é dever do Estado fornecê-lo por meio de políticas públicas. Entretanto, a possibilidade de exercício por todos do referido direito fica limitada aos recursos disponíveis e por ações judiciais no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O objetivo geral, portanto, é analisar se a judicialização da saúde é a solução mais adequada para se obter uma vaga de leito de UTI no SUS. Assim, o trabalho descreve como o SUS regula a distribuição de leitos e reflete sobre o fenômeno da judicialização e o seu potencial ou não de efetivar esse direito com isonomia. Para a sustentação metodológica, o estudo utilizou de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com método fundamentado em análise de documentos e revisão bibliográfica a respeito do tema. Os resultados mostram que, embora o SUS estabeleça a quantidade de leitos de UTIs, alguns hospitais carecem de mais ofertas de leitos. Desta forma, é relevante ter um políticas públicas que efetivem o direito à saúde, em cumprimento às previsões legais. Nesse contexto de inefetividade do direito à saúde, o capítulo seguinte descreve o perfil das demandas judiciais referentes a medicamentos no município de Cuiabá – Mato Grosso, realizado na Defensoria Pública, em 2013, utilizando indicadores de Pepe. Foram analisadas 135 ações judiciais relativas às solicitações de medicamentos e 166 medicamentos requeridos nas mesmas. Em quatro dimensões (sócio demográficas do autor da ação judicial; processuais das ações judiciais; médico sanitárias das ações judiciais; político-administrativas das ações judiciais). As informações obtidas e delineadas no capítulo expõem o cenário da saúde frente a judicialização de medicamentos e as características dos indivíduos que abriram demandas contra o Estado ou o Município. Em preocupação com a saúde e a segurança alimentar dos brasileiros, o décimo terceiro capítulo discute o cabimento de arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental (ADPF) contra a nova política brasileira de agrotóxicos. A evolução clássica da política brasileira de agrotóxicos foi marcada pela ótica da proteção. Todavia, novos desafios, hoje, contrariam a política até então vigente e faz surgir um movimento, cada vez mais forte, pela flexibilização de normas. Nesse cenário, percebe-se o surgimento de uma nova política sobre tema, mas desta vez, tendo o agronegócio como protagonista. Desse modo, os efeitos desta nova política já são tangíveis, o que nos leva a discutir a constitucionalidade de tais ações. Posto isso, este trabalho tem como objetivo promover um debate acerca da existência de uma nova política brasileira sobre agrotóxicos em suas principais questões. Para realizar este trabalho, foram utilizados os tipos de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, através da abordagem qualitativa. Conclui-se que a nova política de agrotóxicos é inconstitucional e, por consequência, atacável por meio da ADPF. Avançando na busca de efetivação de direitos humanos através de políticas públicas, o último capítulo investiga a necessidade de ressignificação das bases da teoria da execução para efetivar ações civis públicas em que se discutem tais políticas. Para tanto, utiliza-se de procedimento monográfico e bibliográfico. O estudo expõe as razões que levaram à judicialização da política, bem como traça diretrizes gerais sobre o atual panorama da execução. Aborda, ainda, a crise de efetividade da execução, que insiste em se valer de multas pelo descumprimento – que vêm sendo inefetivas para o cumprimento. Após essa discussão, o trabalho traz instrumentos jurídicos hábeis a colaborar com a concretização dos direitos. Espera-se que esta seleção de artigos científicos contribua, como obra coletiva, para avanços no conhecimento sobre políticas públicas como efetivadoras de direitos humanos, bem como sobre as múltiplas formas de participação popular na luta por tais direitos na sociedade contemporânea.

V okviru projekta Slovenščina na dlani smo pripravili slovarske opise za 100 frazemov, ki vključujejo krajšo (strnjeno) in daljšo (opisno) pomensko razlago ter ponazoritvene zglede iz avtentičnih besedil, v nekaterih primerih pa tudi medleksemska razmerja, variante ipd. Na rednih izobraževanjih so učiteljice in učitelji slovenščine, ki sodelujejo v projektu, izpostavili, da učeči se pogosto ne razumejo frazemov ter da so načini podajanja pomena pri njih pogosto nenatančni oz. manj ustrezni z vidika oblikovanja razlag. V šolskem letu 2019/20 smo pripravili anketo, s katero smo želeli preveriti razumevanje izbranih 100 frazemov in načine njihovega pomenskega pojasnjevanja. V izpolnjevanje anketnega vprašalnika so bili ob učečih se od 6. razreda do konca srednješolskega izobraževanja vključeni tudi odrasli, in sicer tako učitelji in učiteljice kot tudi tisti, ki opravljajo druge poklice. V članku je izpostavljenih nekaj splošnih ugotovitev, ki jih omogočajo odgovori na anketna vprašanja.

De acordo com a Lei Estadual Nº 8.523 DE 29 de abril de 2019, é considerado, dentre outros atributos, como queijo de coalho artesanal, o produzido em Sergipe, a partir do leite fresco e cru de bovinos e bubalinos, que apresente consistência firme, cor e sabor próprios, massa uniforme, isenta de corantes e conservantes, com ou sem olhaduras mecânicas (SERGIPE, 2019). Em Sergipe, a cidade de Nossa Senhora da Gloria, se destaca como o maior polo leiteiro do estado. Segundo Cavalcante (2005) estimase que, cerca de 40% a 50% da produção de leite neste município, seja destinado à produção de queijo coalho artesanal. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo, caracterizar os parâmetros microbiológicos de queijo coalho artesanal produzido em Nossa Senhora da Glória (SE), maior polo leiteiro de Sergipe. A metodologia aplicada foi desenvolvida a partir de seis (6) amostras de queijo coalho artesanal de diferentes fabricantes da região, onde foram efetuadas análises microbiológicas para a quantificação de Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus aureus coagulase positiva, coliformes termotolerantes e Listeria monocytogenes. Importante ressaltar, que foram incluídos nesta pesquisa somente amostras de queijo coalho artesanal sem registro de inspeção (federal, estadual e/ou municipal) e que não apresentaram alterações em suas características sensoriais e macroscópicas. Após a quantificação microbiana os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os parâmetros estabelecidos pela I.N N°60, de 2019 (MAPA). Os resultados obtidos das análises demostraram que todas as amostras de queijo coalho artesanal analisadas (100%), apresentaram valores superiores de S. aureus coagulase positiva e de coliformes termotolerantes com o estabelecido pela legislação vigente. Com relação a Salmonella sp foi possível constatar que 33,33% das amostras analisadas estavam fora do padrão exigido pela Instrução Normativa N°60/2019, contudo, foi verificado a ausência de L. monocytogenes para todas as amostras de queijo coalho artesanal. Com base nesses resultados, conclui-se que os queijos coalho artesanal pesquisados estão em não conformidade com a legislação vigente, tornando-os inadequados para o consumo humano, uma vez que a sua ingestão pode ocasionar infecção e/ou intoxicação alimentar devido à presença em níveis elevados de microrganismos patogênicos (S. aures, Salmonella sp., e coliformes termotolerantes). Diante disso, sugere-se que as Boas Práticas de Fabricação durante toda a etapa de produção de queijo coalho artesanal, necessita ser aperfeiçoada, para que os parâmetros microbiológicos possam ser melhorados e atender, de forma segura, as novas necessidades e anseios do mercado, do consumidor, do produtor e dos órgãos legislatórios vigentes no Brasil

Uvod. Melanom (lat. melanoma) je rjeđi od nemelanomskih tumora kože, ali je nepredvidivog ponašanja i veće smrtnosti. U nastanku, kasnije i u razvoju melanoma važnu ulogu imaju dob i spol, debljina promjene, izloženost ultraljubičastom zračenju i opekotine nastale nakon izlaganja suncu, te obiteljsko naslijeđe. Cilj: Cilj rada je istražiti rizične čimbenike u nastanku melanoma i učestalost obolijevanja u Sveučilišnoj kliničkoj bolnici u Mostaru. Materijali i metode. U istraživanje su uključeni bolesnici s melanomom koji se liječe u Klinici za kožne i spolne bolesti Sveučilišne kliničke bolnice Mostar, kojima je od 2012. do 2016. histološki potvrđena dijagnoza bolesti, ukupno 104 bolesnika. Rezultati. Srednja dob bolesnika je X̅=55,11. Nije dokazana statistički značajna razlika u obolijevanju između spolova. Najčešći smještaj melanoma je na leđima (34,3%). Nije dokazana statistički značajna povezanost između smještaja melanoma i dobnih skupina (p=0,356), niti između spolova i debljine melanoma po Breslowu (p=0,222). Najčešća debljina po Breslowu je 5 (46,3 %). Najučestaliji je tip kože 2 (62%), s opekotinama kao posljedicom izlaganja suncu (73,9%), nastalim većinom u djetinjstvu (68,3%). Većina oboljelih ima negativnu obiteljsku anamnezu za melanom (94,2 %). Zaključak. Melanom se najčešće pojavljuje u ljudi svjetlije puti (tip kože 2), na leđima, u šestom desetljeću života, podjednako u oba spola. Najučestaliji je nodularni oblik melanoma, debljine 5 po Breslow-u. Melanom je češći kod osoba koje su u djetinjstvu imali opekotine kao posljedicu neprimjerenog izlaganja suncu. Nije pronađena statistički značajna povezanost obolijevanja od melanoma i obiteljske anamneze.

O Brasil atingira o maior indice de obitos por doenca cardiovascular no mundo ate o ano de 2040 (2). A disfuncao ventricular esquerda tanto sistolica quanto diastolica apresentam-se como relevante fator de pior prognostico nos quadros de IAM, estando ou nao associadas. A partir do banco de dados do Brazilian Heart Study, que e um estudo de coorte prospectivo com 1073 pacientes admitidos consecutivamente com diagnostico de supradesnivelamente do segmento ST no Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal entre maio de 2006 e maio de 2018. Os dados foram separados considerando a parede acometida no evento isquemico e a fracao de ejecao encontrada no primeiro e no ultimo ecocardiograma realizados durante o seguimento hospitalar e ambulatorial do estudo. O objetivo foi analisar a(s) parede(s) acometida confrontando com a disfuncao ventricular. Concluiu-se que a parede anterior e a mais acometida nos casos de IAMCSST. O evento isquemico influi significativamente sobre a fracao de ejecao global, mostrando pior prognostico na recuperacao da funcao miocardica. Os dados foram inconclusivos quanto a correlacao da parede acometida e a fracao de ejecao como determinante prognostica. ,

Uvod. Ciljevi istraživanja su prikazati podatke i rezultate dijagnoze i tretmana melanoma maksilofacijalne regije, evidentirane u desetogodišnjem periodu (2007–2017), prikazati spolnu i starosnu strukturu pacijenata s melanomom maksilofacijalne regije, uporediti stadije bolesti prema TNM klasifikaciji i korelirati ih s Breslow i Clark klasifikacijama, korelirati prisustvo ili odsustvo limfovaskularne invazije sa stadijima bolesti prema TNM klasifikaciji, broj recidiva bolesti korelirati sa stadijima bolesti po TNM klasifikaciji. Materijal i metode. Provedena je retrospektivna studija. U studiju su uključeni pacijenti s hirurški tretiranim melanomom maksilofacijalne regije liječeni u Kliničkom centru Univerziteta u Sarajevu na Klinici za maksilofacijalnu hirurgiju, u periodu od 2007. do 2017. godine. Rezultati. Od ukupnog broja hirurški tretiranih novih slučajeva melanoma maksilofacijalne regije (n=55) u desetogodišnjem periodu, 29 pacijenata (52,7%) su muškog spola. Postoji statistički značajna povezanost između muškog spola i smrtnog ishoda, χ2 (1)=4.097, p=0,043. S provedenim Hi-kvadrat testom i post-hoc analizom utvrđeno je postojanje statistički značajne razlike u medijani površine i veličine melanoma u odnosu na limfovaskularnu invaziju odstranjenje promjene, χ2 (2)=11.404, p=0,003, odnosno post-hoc kod melanoma bez limfovaskularne invazije (108 mm2 , IQR=35 to 266) i s limfovaskularnom invazijom (400 mm2 , 97,5 to 900) (p=0.003). Postoji statistički značajna pozitivna korelacija između TNM klasifikacije i broja relapsa bolesti, rs (52)=0,465, p=0,001, te postoji statistički značajna pozitivna korelacija između stadija bolesti prema TNM klasifikaciji i Breslow klasifikacije, rs (54)=0,679, p<0.001. Zaključci. Terapijski izbor u liječenju melanoma je hirurško odstranjenje tumora u cijelosti Melanom 59 uz patohistološku analizu. Gotovo podjednak broj pacijenata oboljelih od melanoma glave i vrata su i muškog i ženskog spola, pri čemu muški pacijenti imaju veću stopu smrtnosti. Biopsija, kao metoda uzimanja uzorka, nije kontraindicirana. Melanomi glave i vrata okarakterisani kao Breslow T1 i Clark I i II imaju dobru prognozu, s visokim stepenom izlječenja i niskom stopom relapsa bolesti. Stadij 3. i 4. bolesti prema TNM klasifikaciji u direktnoj su vezi s višom Breslow klasifikacijom, a istovremeno povećavaju i broj relapsa bolesti. I prisustvo limfovaskularne invazije u direktnoj je vezi sa stadijem bolesti prema TNM klasifikaciji.

O presente trabalho relata a capacidade antimicrobiana de méis de abelha Scaptotrigina aff. postica. O objetivo foi realizar o isolamento de bactérias com potencial antimicrobiano dos meis de S. aff. postica e testar a capacidade antimicrobiana frente aos patógenos B. cereus, E. coli, Salmonella sp. e S. aureus em comparativo com os méis de Appis mellifera. A partir disso foi utilizada a metodologia de Patel e Vakilwala (2016) que consistiu na filtração dos metabólitos produzidos pelas bactérias isoladas (screening) do mel. O procedimento consistiu na aplicação do inóculo bacteriano com turvação de 0.5 da escala de Mac Farland (Correspondente a 108 UFC/ml). O inóculo foi distribuído sobre as superfícies das placas de petri contendo meio Ágar Mueller Hinton. Foram feitos poços na superfície do ágar de 4 mm de diâmetro e retirados o ágar dos poços com a ajuda de uma pinça estéril. Os poços foram devidamente identificados de acordo com a cepa bacteriana, e 25 µL do filtrado bacteriano das colônias isoladas e cultivadas a partir dos méis de A. mellifera e de S. aff. postica foram dispensadas nos poços respectivos. Como controle positivo foi utilizado o antibiótico Estreptomicina (EST10) com 10 µg. Foram isoladas 9 cepas de ambos os méis para realizar o teste, sendo 7 cepas isoladas do mel de Scaptotrigona aff postica e 2 cepas isoladas de mel de Appis mellifera. Os resultados mostraram zonas de inibição baixas, moderadas e altas para as cepas isoladas, mostrando a viabilidade de caracterização do composto em futuras aplicações biotecnológicas.

Abstract The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Armaments Center at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ is working to develop technologies to mitigate the violent reaction of a 120 mm warhead, loaded with an aluminized HMX-based enhanced blast explosive, when subjected to the NATO Insensitive Munitions (IM) Fragment Impact (FI) test. As per NATO STANAG 4496, FI testing is conducted at 8300±300 ft/s with a 0.563” diameter, L/D~1, 160˚ conical nosed mild steel fragment. Reaction violence resulting from FI can be mitigated by the use of liners or barriers applied to the munition itself or its packaging, commonly referred to as a Particle Impact Mitigation Sleeves (PIMS). Previous development efforts for this item focused on a lightweight plastic warhead support which was able to reduce the severity of the input shock sufficiently to prevent high order detonation. However, violent sub-detonative responses were still observed which occurred over several hundred microseconds, consumed part of the explosive charge, and ejected hazardous debris over large distances. These responses are driven by rapid combustion coupled with damage to the explosive as well as mechanical confinement. Quantitative modeling of these scenarios is a challenging active research area. Prior experimental results and modeling guidance have shown that mitigation of these reactions requires a more substantial reduction in the overall mechanical insult to the explosive. In particular, steel and aluminum PIMS have been able to efficiently provide the necessary fragment velocity reduction, breakup and dispersion in typical packaging applications. Packaged warheads were tested at the GD-OTS Rock Hill facility with several PIMS designs incorporated into the ammunition containers. Several designs were demonstrated to provide benign reactions with minimal added weight. Future iterations will attempt to further improve the design using advanced lightweight barrier materials.

Natural convection heat transfer from vertical 5×5 rod bundles in liquid sodium was numerically analyzed for two types of the bundle geometry (equilateral square and triangle arrays, ESA and ETA). The unsteady laminar three dimensional basic equations for natural convection heat transfer caused by a step heat flux were numerically solved until the solution reaches a steady-state. The PHOENICS code was used for the calculation considering the temperature dependence of thermophysical properties concerned. The 5×5 test rods for diameter (D = 7.6 mm), heated length (L = 200 mm) and L/d (= 26.32) were used in this work. The surface heat fluxes for each cylinder were equally given for a modified Rayleigh number, (Rf,L)ij and (Rf,L)5×5,S/D, ranging from 3.08 × 104 to 4.19 × 107 (q = 1 × 104∼7 × 106 W/m2) in liquid temperature (TL = 673.15 K). The values of S/D, which are ratios of the diameter of flow channel for bundle geometry to the rod diameter, for vertical 5×5 rod bundles were ranged from 1.8 to 6 on each bundle geometry. The spatial distribution of local and average Nusselt numbers, (Nuav)ij and (Nuav,B)5×5,S/D, on vertical rods of a bundle was clarified. The average value of Nusselt number, (Nuav)ij and (Nuav,B)5×5,S/D, for two types of the bundle geometry with various values of S/D were calculated to examine the effect of the bundle geometry, S/D, (Rf,L)ij and (Rf,L)5×5,S/D on heat transfer. The bundle geometry for the higher (Nuav,B)5×5,S/D value under the condition of S/D = constant was examined. The correlations for (Nuav,B)5×5,S/D for two types of bundle geometry above mentioned including the effects of (Rf,L)5×5,S/D and S/D were developed. The correlations can describe the theoretical values of (Nuav,B)5×5,S/D for two types of the bundle geometry for S/D ranging from 1.8 to 6 within −11.77 to 13.34 % difference.

Od 2012. godine 1070 državljana zemalja zapadnog Balkana o šlo je živje i bori se na teritorijima pod kontrolom teroris čkih organizacija u Siriji i Iraku. Od h državljana, otprilike 200 njih bili su maloljetnici u trenutku odlaska. Tijekom godina na području sukoba u Siriji i Iraku državljanima zapadnog Balkana rodilo se još mnogo više djece. Do kraja 2019. godine oko 485 osoba vra lo se domovima, zbog čega regija zapadnog Balkana ima najveću koncentraciju povratnika iz Sirije i Iraka u Europi. Još su sto ne ljudi, uglavnom maloljetnika, ostale zarobljene u nesigurnim uvje ma u Siriji s neizvjesnim izgledima za povratak. Mnoge zemlje nisu sigurne što učini s državljanima koji su otputovali da bi živjeli i borili se u „kalifatu” Islamske države. Među m, iskustvo i razumijevanje u pogledu onoga što olakšava učinkovitu uključenost povratnika iz Sirije, osobito djece povratnika, još je uvijek u početcima. Ovom se studijom o poli ci pružaju preporuke o načinima pristupa rehabilitaciji i reintegraciji djece povratnika na zapadnom Balkanu kombiniranjem novih dobrih praksi s vodećim načelima konvencija, ugovora i protokola usredotočenih na prava djece.