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Journal articles on the topic 'NKGB'
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1
Kokurinas, Aleksandras. "USSR NKGB–MGB structure." Genocidas ir rezistencija 2, no. 2 (2025): 46–51. https://doi.org/10.61903/gr.1997.206.
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Černius, Remigijus. "Tuskulėnai Mass Burial Grounds Occurence: 1944 or 1945?" Genocidas ir rezistencija 1, no. 41 (2024): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.61903/gr.2017.101.
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The purpose of this article is to establish the date when Soviet secret police agencies started to use the territory of Tuskulėnai Manor as mass burial grounds in Vilnius. The remains of people executed at the inner prison of the NKGB (MGB) of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic were buried there. At the same time, another question had to be answered: who choose this place, Tuskulėnai Manor, as a location suitable for mass graves. Historiographical sources frequently apply a simplified scheme, stating that the territory of Tuskulėnai Manor started to be used as mass burial grounds from the date when at the inner prison of the NKGB of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic death penalties started to be carried out, i.e., from the 28th September 1944. Still, when analysing more closely the data of archeologic excavations 1994-1996 in the territory of Tuskulėnai Manor, as well as reports of 2003 and NKGB (MGB) documents, some doubts occur whether there could be remains of 45 people buried that had been executed at secret police inner prison in September –December of the year 1944. Statistical analysis allows us to think than in autumn and winter of 1944, the territory of Tuskulėnai Manor had not been used for mass graves. NKGB (MGB) officers could bury the remains of the executed people employing other ways that had not been new for them: in single graves in the woods in Vilnius neighbourhood or in old cemeteries. Such methods were applied by the Soviet secret police agencies from the year 1950. Historiographical sources claim that the territory of Tuskulėnai Manor had been chosen for mass graves by Ivan Tkachenko, a lieutenant general, who had been appointed an authorized person by NKGB and NKVD of the USSR for Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. This fact is confirmed in the documents of the Soviet secret police institutions. Still, there is no exact date of choosing this location indicated in these documents. I. Tkachenko, to coordinate activity of the repressive structures as an authorized person to Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic was appointed on 14th December 1944, while execution of prisoners at the inner prison of NKGB of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic started on 28th September 1944. Such a chronological mismatch suggests that I. Tkachenko selected the territory of Tuskulėnai Manor for mass graves at the end of 1944 or at the beginning of 1945. New documents found in the archives confirm that Tuskulėnai Manor was handed over to the NKGB of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic in January of 1945. Therefore, it can be stated, that the remains of people executed in the inner prison of the NKGB of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, first had been buried in the territory of Tuskulėnai Manor in January of 1945, while before that date, the Soviet secret police agencies applied different methods.
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Bubnys, Arūnas. "The NKGB–NKVD Actions Against Polish Underground in Lithuania in 1944–1945." Genocidas ir rezistencija 2, no. 6 (2025): 47–65. https://doi.org/10.61903/gr.1999.203.
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The Soviet Union has never considered the Armija Krajowa (AK) its ally and made every effort to annihilate the armed underground movement of Poles in Lithuania. The process of the annihilation of Polish underground movement is generally divided into three periods. During the first period of the campaign in July 1944, the Soviets interned the AK units of the Vilnius and the Naugardukas districts. The Soviets arrested the district commandant A. Krzyzanowki, a number of commanding officers and about 7,900 soldiers. Nevertheless the Polish underground survived and continued its activities. During the second period between July 1944–February 1945, the NKVD-NKGB launched regular operations against Polish underground. The campaign reached its peak in December 1944–January 1945. At the time, the operations against armed resistance in Lithuania were directed by S. Kruglov, the NKVD assistant commissar. During this period NKVD troops transferred to and concentrated in Lithuania from other regions of the USSR and reinforced by a number of NKGB operatives handed a severe blow to the Polish underground. They arrested the executives of the AK staff and of the Government Commissioner’s office to the Vilnius District. Between December 20,1944 and February 6, 1945 the NKVD-NKGB arrested 9,249 Poles. After such big losses the process of gradual abatement of Polish resistance had started. Facing the Soviet terror many Poles of Lithuania decided to repatriate to Poland. During the third period from March 1945 until autumn of the same year the AK units had finally ceased their activities, and Polish partisans persuaded by the NKVD-NKGB reported themselves to Soviet authorities. The last Commandant of the Vilnius district Wincenty Chrząszczewsky- Ksawery was arrested on July 18, 1945. Between July 1944 and May 20, 1945 the NKGB arrested or detained 7,116 participants of the Polish underground and the activities of the AK in Lithuania were suppressed.
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Juodis, Darius. "Soviet Security Operations Actions against Lithuanian Refugees in Germany in 1945–1950." Genocidas ir rezistencija 2, no. 18 (2025): 64–82. https://doi.org/10.61903/gr.2005.203.
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The article analyses the attempts of the Soviet security to organise operations targeting the Lithuanian refugees many of who had settled on the German territory occupied by the Western allies. This study also gives concrete examples of the actions taken against Lithuanian émigré organisations and individuals. It reveals the aims of the NKGB (MGB) to conscript and infiltrate as many agents as possible into the group of emigrants in order to obtain valuable information. The article also reviews the activities of the Lithuanian SSR NKGB (MGB) division, the so-called Ber- lin operational group, as implemented in Germany. This operational group distinguished itself for its activities against the Lithuanian war refugees as well. This study emphasises that the NKGB (MGB) set as its task to gather various information about the Lithuanian emigration from different countries. Along with analysis of Soviet achievements in the area of intelligence, this article indicates the failures of the activities of the Soviet security. It discusses the reasons and highlights the drawbacks in gathering important reconnaissance information about the Lithuanian emigrants, and also the incompetence of individual officials which resulted in mistakes. The study points out that NKGB (MGB) put most of its efforts against the VLIK (Supreme Committee for Liberation of Lithuania), considered the most anti-Soviet organisation among the émigrés. Other political, cultural or scientific organisations would receive far less attention from Soviet security. Finally, the article reviews concrete operations of Soviet security agents against individual persons. Referring to specific instances, it describes arrests of people in Soviet-occupied Germany and the planned seizures in the other part of the country occupied by the Western allies.
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ZHYVYUK, Andrii. "EXCESSES DURING THE ARRESTS AND INTERROGATIONS OF OUN MEMBERS BY THE NKVD-NKGD CO-WORKERS IN THE RIVNE REGION (1940–1941)." Contemporary era 11 (2023): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/nd.2023-11-55-67.
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It is indicated that to solve the task in the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR, methods and personnel tested during the «great terror» of the 1930s in the USSR were used. The management and operational staff of the NKVD-NKGB involved in the «clearing» operation, their professional training, and work methods were considered. Emphasis is placed on the use during the Sovietization of Western Ukraine of a significant number of new appointees in the NKVD–NKGB system, graduates of departmental schools who trained personnel for state security agencies. The origin, education, origins of national consciousness, motivation for the actions of individual members of the OUN underground are clarified, and their sacrifice is characterized. Dramatic clashes between members of the OUN and NKVD–NKGB employees during border crossings, arrests, staging, and imprisonment are highlighted. It is noted that in the confrontation between the Soviet repressive bodies and the participants of the Ukrainian national liberation movement, the former had state, military, economic, political institutions and tools at their disposal, while the opposing side could count on the solidarity of the members of their organization, their own knowledge and experience, and moral stability. Keywords Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, People’s Commissariat of Internal Aff airs, People’s Commissariat of State Security, Rivne region, Sovietization, repression, arrests, interrogations, resistance, armed clashes, escapes, Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine.
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Pyrozhyshyn, R. "MERITS AND REMUNERATION OF EMPLOYEES OF REGIONAL AND CITY DIVISIONS OF NKGB-MSS IN THE TERNOPIL REGION, 1945-1948." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 145 (2020): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2020.145.12.
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The author of the article investigates the merits and remuneration of employees of the regional and city depatments of the NKGB-MSS in the Ternopil region in the 1945-1948 on the basis of a considerable circle of historical sources and monographs. The author identifies the main type of remuneration for NKGB-MSS employees - gratitude announcement. The author of the article indicates the main type of remuneration for NKGB-MSS employees - the announcement of gratitude, and the main merit was the successful participation in the chekist-military operation. It was considered successful if it resulted in the killing or detention of a person or a group of people involved in a particular case. Often during such operations, various trophies were taken, such as assault rifles, guns, pistols, machine guns, grenades and ammunition. However, internal documentation of the OUN or UPA was of the greatest operational value, since the documents served as the basis for the development of new operational cases. The author notes that NKGB-MSS security officers, their families, and agents received compensation. To substantiate this thesis, the author provides two examples. After the death of a security official, the family of the deceased received a lump sum compensation of 3,000 rubles. A security agent received 2,000 rubles for the reconstruction of the house and manor buildings because during the chekist-military operation, the rebels hid in her house and set it on fire, and not only the house but also the manor buildings. The author allocates arms and money as a reward to separate unit. The author emphasizes the receipt of the prize weapon for two reasons: firstly, as a rare event, and secondly, as irresponsible act of the state security officers, since the TT combat weapon was presented to a minor schoolboy who had joined the military unit. The author of the article emphasizes that most of the cash prize was received only by fighters of fighter battalions, recruited agents and cadets of militant squadron. They earned cash prizes for successfully conducted chekist-military operations.The author of the article also notes the amount of cash prizes was from 250 to 500 rubles. The amount of remuneration often varied depending on the rank and significance of each individual operation.
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Коротаєв, О. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOVIET AUTHORITIES OF THE ANTI-RELIGIOUS POLICY STATE SECURITY ON THE EXAMPLE Carrying out operations "3224 / m", "Prophets" AND FANATICS (1943-1957)." Problems of Political History of Ukraine, no. 15 (February 5, 2020): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/11939.
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The article reveals the work of the Soviet authorities (NKGB-KGB) on the unification of the All-Ukrainian Union of Christians of the Pentecostal Evangelical Faith (UCPEF/KhEV) with the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians (ACEBC/VSEKhB).The article also is devoted to the study of the role of the bodies of Soviet state security in carrying out of religious policy in Protestant environment in the territory of Soviet Ukraine on the example of their creation of a «legendary» religious center – All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians, as well as the apparatus of its republican and regional representatives (i.e. senior elders/presbyters). The article also highlights the plans of the Soviet state security agencies for the use of the leadership of ACEBC in the implementation of agent-operational measures to absorb other related to ACEBC protestant movements of the USSR (Pentecostals, Darbists, reformists etc.), to reduce their numbers, to subordinate influence to the organs of Soviet authorities and, ultimately, to lead to moral and physical decay. For the first time, the article publishes the name of undercover operations («FANATICS» and «PROPHETS»), which were carried out by the NKGB-KGB bodies in the protestant milieu of the Ukrainian SSR in 1943-1957, and also indicates, for the first time, the operational pseudonyms of secret agents of the NKGB-KGB, who were involved in these operations. For example M. Melnikov – agent “MIRGORODSKIY”, G. Ponurko – agent “GOROSHKO”, M. Boot – agent “LYSOV” and others, who operated in a Protestant religious environment with the decryption of their operational pseudonymsand also indicates the intelligence and operational activities that were carried out by the Soviet security organs in the Protestant environment, which were aimed at subordinating this environment to the influence of the Soviet special services.
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Garcia-Arroyo, Gabriela, Jorge L. Cervantes-Cota, and Ulises Nucamendi. "Neutrino mass and kinetic gravity braiding degeneracies." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 08 (2022): 009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/08/009.
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Abstract Modified theories of gravity yield an effective dark energy in the background dynamics that achieves an accelerated expansion of the universe. In addition, they present a fifth force that induces gravitational signatures in structure formation, and therefore in the matter power spectrum and related statistics. On the other hand, massive neutrinos suppress the power spectrum at scales that also modified gravity enhances it, so a degeneration of these effects has been recognized for some gravity models. In the present work, we study both effects using kinetic gravity braiding (nKGB) models to find that in spite of some degeneracies, the role of the fifth force at very large scales imprints a bump in the matter power spectrum as a distinctive signature of this model and, therefore, acts as a smoking gun that seems difficult to match within the present knowledge of power spectra. These models result interesting, however, since the n = 1 presents no H 0 tension, and all nKGB studied here present no σ 8 tension and, in addition, a null neutrino mass is excluded.
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Pai, SanjayA, and SachiSri Kantha. "CIA, MoSSAD, NKGB and SURETE in medical research: The RAW truth." National Medical Journal of India 32, no. 5 (2019): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-258x.295955.
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Тригуб, Олександр. "JEHOVAH’S WITNESSES UNDER THE CONTROL OF SOVIET SECURITY SERVICES (1945-1951)." КОНСЕНСУС, no. 2 (2023): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31110/consensus/2023-02/086-096.
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In September 1945, the NKGB (The People’s Commissariat for State Security) of the Ukrainian SSR opened an agent-operational case is called ‘Zavet’ (‘Testament’) against supporters of the Jehovah’s Witnesses. The factual basis for the “creating” a centralized case was the agential and investigative materials at the disposal of the NKGB, which, according to the state security personnel, “testified” that on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR “illegal formations of sectarian Jehovah’s Witnesses existed and carried out active anti-Soviet activities.” The presence of a single leading center of the ‘Jehovist underground in Ukraine’ was also assumed. The leaders of religious groups were immediately taken into operational development in Alchevsk, Yasynovata and Avdiivka in the Donbas, Lviv, Kyiv region, etc. According to operational data, the ‘Jehovists’ were extremely hostile to the Soviet government, called it “satanic” and agitated for its non-recognition. Many ordinary believers did not officially work anywhere, did not recognize any documents, avoided any kind of registration, and so on. Since such a line of behavior was considered “anti-Soviet” by the official authorities, the denomination itself entered the camp of “hostile” and requiring immediate prompt response. The latter was expressed in unofficial repressions and the introduction of internal agents into the environment of the Jehovah’s Witnesses. The first arrests were carried out during December 1945 – January 1946, which continued until the early 1950s. The impossibility of resolving the issue of Jehovah’s Witnesses by agential and operational measures led the NKGB to think about more radical measures. In March 1951, a plan was prepared for the deportation of Jehovah’s Witnesses supporters. More than 8,000 believers were supposed to be evicted, information about whom had been collected by state security agencies for a number of years. As final points of deportation, first of all, the Irkutsk and Tomsk regions were planned. Therefore, the operation received the code name ‘Sever’ (‘North’). The eviction was carried out on the territory of the Lviv, Volyn, Rivne, Drohobych, Stanislav, Ternopil and Chernivtsi regions of the Ukrainian SSR. A total of 1,788 families were evicted, with a total of 6,310 people (data not complete). The completion of operation ‘Sever’ actually completed the work on the centralized agent-operational case ‘Zavet’. At the same time, repression against Jehovah’s Witnesses continued in the future.
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Berendt, Grzegorz. "Między wrogami i sprzymierzeńcami. Opowieść poleskiego Żyda o latach 1939–1944." Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy 22, no. 1 (2021): 207–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32089/wbh.phw.2021.1(275).0007.
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Before the war, Eleazar Segal lived in the town of Hancewicze in western Polesie (today the Brest Oblast in Belarus). He was involved in the timber trade. After June 22, 1941, he escaped with his wife to the town of Lachowicze. When in 1942 the Germans murdered most of the ghetto prisoners, the Segal family fled to the forest. For the next two years, they fought for survival, with the help of Soviet partisans and then the NKGB diversionary group. Segal documents the activities of the Soviet partisans and their diverse attitudes towards Jews.
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Kovganov, Sergey Ya. "Special aspects of employee training in the system of the NKGB of the USSR (on the example of the Novosibirsk inter-regional school of the NKGB of the USSR)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya, no. 66 (August 1, 2020): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988613/66/5.
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Bugaev, Vitaly N. "Activities of the NKVD−NKGB−MVD−MGB USSR bodies in ensuring public security in the territory of Western Belarus (1939−1953)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 6 (2023): 1568–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2023-28-6-1568-1578.
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Importance. Interest in the events taking place on the territory of Western Belarus in the period 1939–1953 is supported both by the complexity and inconsistency of the processes that are taking place today in the Russian Federation and abroad, and by the insufficient degree of study of certain issues related to the activities of law enforcement agencies in the history of our state. Topics related to the activities of the NKVD−NKGB−MVD−MGB of the USSR bodies on the territory of Western Belarus in 1939–1953 are currently not sufficiently studied in detail by historical science, which leads to the falsification of historical events of those years. The purpose of the research is to reveal the historical events taking place on the territory of the western regions of Belarus and the activities of the law enforcement agencies of the Soviet state to ensure public safety in 1939–1953 in this region. Materials and Methods. The research is based on declassified archival materials of the Republic of Belarus, the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Russian State Military Archive. Party materials of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus (CPB), Minsk, Brest and Pinsk regional committees of the CPB, the Political Department of the Red Army, documents of the Belarusian headquarters of the partisan movement and the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR – the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (1934–1960) are studied. Both general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as synchronistic and problem-chronological methods are used. Results and Discussion. The German aggression against Poland in 1939 contributed to the reunification of Western and Eastern Belarus, and also put before the state authorities of the USSR the restructuring of all spheres of life of the local population. The features and directions of restructuring the activities of the NKVD−NKGB−MVD−MGB of the USSR to ensure public safety in the specified historical period on the territory of Western Belarus are investigated. Specific measures that were carried out by the law enforcement agencies of the USSR to ensure public security in the western regions of Belarus in the period 1939–1953 are considered. Considerable attention is paid to the activities of the NKVD−NKGB−MVD−MGB of the USSR to eliminate the nationalist underground on the eve of the war and in the post-war period on the territory of Western Belarus. Conclusion. The joint activities of law enforcement agencies and state authorities played an important role in ensuring public safety in the territory of Western Belarus in 1939–1953.
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Kononov, Aleksey. "THE ARKHANGELSK REGION IN THE SPECIAL REPORTSOF NKVD AND NKGB DEPARTMENTS (1941–1945)." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series "Humanitarian and Social Sciences", no. 4 (June 20, 2015): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2227-6564.2015.4.5.
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Zhyviuk, A. "Liquidation of the OUN's Kostopil District Executive by the NKVD-NKGB (1939-1941)." Z arhìvìv VUČK, GPU, NKVD, KGB, no. 1 (57) (December 7, 2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/vuchk2022.01.048.
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Kovalev, Boris. "Reports of the Soviet state security agencies as a source on the history of the Church in the occupied territory of the Leningrad region (1941–1944)." Vspomogatel'nye istoricheskie distsipliny, no. 43 (4) (2024): 166. https://doi.org/10.7868/s0130086524040085.
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In the second half of 1944, after the liberation of the western regions of the Leningrad region from the Nazis and their allies, the NKGB Directorate prepared a “Collection of materials on German devastation and atrocities, the activities of enemy intelligence and counterintelligence agencies in the occupied areas of the region”. A separate section was called “The Church in the Service of the Germans”. It discussed the destruction of monuments of Russian ecclesiastical architecture by the Nazis. Particular attention was paid to various forms of cooperation between Russian priests and the German occupation administration. The collected materials could then be used to initiate criminal cases.
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Indrišionis, Darius. "Inner Prison of the NKGB (MGB, KGB) of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic 1944–1959." Genocidas ir rezistencija 1, no. 41 (2024): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.61903/gr.2017.104.
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This study discloses the 1944-1959 period history of the inner prison of NKGB (Narodny Komissariat Gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti, English translation – The People‘s Commissariat for State Security) of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, including MGB (Ministerstvo Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti, English translation – the Ministry for State Security) and KGB (Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti, English translation – Committee for State Security) as users of this prison. The significance of this prison in the common system of prisons under State Security Institutions is analysed as well as the cases of collaboration with the prisons operating under Ministry of Internal Affairs. Inner prison routine is analysed: living conditions of prisoners, regime, etc. Direct links between the work of the Interrogation Division of the NKGB (MGB, KGB) of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and inner prison are disclosed, as well as the procedure of execution at the inner prison. The inner prison was the most important prison of the Soviet secret police organization (Cheka) in Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic – political prisoners of special importance were imprisoned there and interrogated in the Interrogation Division located in the same building. In the first post-war years, the inner prison was overcrowded, and prison conditions were poor. They improved just at the end of the fifth decade, because the number of imprisoned persons decreased, and bunks were installed in the cells. In the first post-war decade, during interrogation sessions, employees at the Interrogation Division used to apply not only psychological violence against prisoners, but physical violence as well. In 1953, officially, physical torture measures were prohibited, still cases of physical torturing of prisoners happened even much later. In the period 1944–1969, death sentences were carried out in the inner prison. Over one quarter of the last century, 1 019 persons were executed. Although an official method of carrying out the capital punishment used to be squad firing, the investigation of remains of those executed and buried in the burial grounds in Tuskulėnai, show that people who had been sentenced to death penalty, sometimes, during first post-war years at least, were just tortured to death.
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Maripuu, Meelis. "Methods of NKGB in research crimes against humanity in 7th decade of XX century." Genocidas ir rezistencija 2, no. 20 (2025): 126–31. https://doi.org/10.61903/gr.2006.210.
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In the early 1960s, a new wave of trials was launched in the USSR against people who, based on compromising material, had been found to have collaborated with the German occupation authorities. Speaking in modern terms, they were charged with what is nowadays described as war crimes and crimes against humanity. The findings of this study demonstrate that the accusations were based on real facts. However, the methods used in the investigative process and when presenting an indictment led to the conclusion that this was not an objective investigation of the guilt of the suspects or delivery of a fair verdict. The interrogation and judicial bodies used such processes primarily for political, intelligence or other purposes.
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Janavičienė, Audronė. "Soviet Saboteurs in Lithuania (1941–1944)." Genocidas ir rezistencija 1, no. 1 (2025): 98–121. https://doi.org/10.61903/gr.1997.105.
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The author’s aim is to show what the red army partisan squads and groups were like, where they operated, what their ranks were made of, and what their activities were. This is not easy. Although several collections of war documentaries and memoirs of war participants were published during the Soviet period, they are almost devoid of political or military data that is unfavourable to the regime, because they were forbidden by the NKGB agencies controlled by Moscow. Meanwhile, the authenticity of the documents that have recently been preserved and made public and the veracity of the facts are also doubtful. Only fragments of data on the topic of interest have survived in the funds of the Lithuanian Central State Archives (LCVA).
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Gnatowski, Michał. "Problemy SZP-ZWZ w regionie białostockim w latach 1939-1941 w świetle dokumentów NKWD (NKGB)." Studia Podlaskie, no. 8 (1998): 227–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/sp.1998.08.13.
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Москалюк, Микола, and Роман Пирожишин. "STRUCTURE AND STAFFING OF THE NKGB-MGB CITY DEPARTMENTS IN TERNOPIL REGION IN 1944‒1947." Problems of humanities. History, no. 4/46 (November 2, 2020): 166–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2312-2595.4/46.215323.
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ZHYVYUK, ANDRII. "Repressions of the OGPU-NKVD-NKGB against Gypsies 1932–1941: On newly discovered materials from Ukrainian archives." Romani Studies 33, no. 2 (2023): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/rost.2023.9.
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This article deals with a little-explored part of the history of the Gypsies: the repressions against them by the Soviet state security organs in the 1930s and 1940s. The persecution and arrest of Gypsies, led by “King” Yegor Mihai and members of the Kwiek royal house, took place both during the terror period of the 1930s and in the early stages of the Second World War. The article is based on previously unknown documents of the Soviet special organs, which are kept in the Ukrainian archives. The analysis of these sources led to the conclusion that the OGPU-NKVD-NKGB repressions against the so-called foreign Roma were aimed at the complete “cleansing” of the cities in the USSR of the presence of this ethnic group. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .
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Kasparas, Kęstutis. "Soviet Occupation Actions to Demoralise and Break up Lithuanian Resistance in the Summer of 1945." Genocidas ir rezistencija 1, no. 3 (2025): 59–71. https://doi.org/10.61903/gr.1998.104.
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In the summer of 1945, the Russian occupiers were not planning to change their tactics in suppressing military resistance in Lithuania. The most important means of suppression was, as before, the military force of the NKVD and NKGB. The partisans were demoralised by the amnesty and the possibility of legalising their status offered by the occupiers. The Soviet propaganda portrayed the LSSR government’s address to the Lithuanian nation on 9 February 1945, promising to ‘pardon’ the ‘wrongs’ of the resistance participants, as a very humane act aimed at putting an end to the senseless blood shedding and at saving the people. This propaganda image was later repeated in historical papers and the press, claiming that the collaborators were peaceful and caring about the fate of the nation (national communism), while the alien Stalinists, who preferred military and terror measures, were nothing but dullards.
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Verigin, Sergey G. "Reconnaissance and sabotage groups of the NKVD-NKGB of the KFSSR on the Karelian front (1941–1944)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 2. History, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2016.206.
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Adamski, Łukasz. "Nieznany kurier Piusa XII. Analiza postawy katolickiego misjonarza w sowieckim więzieniu i procesu jego rozpracowywania przez NKGB." Dzieje Najnowsze 48, no. 2 (2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/dn.2016.2.02.
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Azamat A., Tatarov. "Security services of the NKVD-NKGB of Kabardino-Balkaria in the fight against German sabotage (1942-1944)." Kavkazologiya 2023, no. 3 (2023): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31143/2542-212x-2023-3-185-196.
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The paper considers the most intense period of work of the People’s Commissariats of Internal Af-fairs and State Security (NKVD-NKGB) of Kabardino-Balkaria during the Great Patriotic War in their fight against Nazi German sabotage operations. It is shown that purposeful policy to destabi-lize the Soviet rear has overcome two stages. Security agencies had a hard time dealing with sabo-tage during the battle for the Caucasus between November 1943 and August 1944. Based on doc-umentary materials, the author reveals the course of work of the NKVD-NGKB bodies in the fight against enemy agents, contribution of individual employees and population to security, special oper-ations in the occupied area. The author concludes that, contrary to the statement of H. Himmler in 1944, sabotage in the Caucasus, including Kabardino-Balkaria, did not bring Berlin the expected results. The invisible front played an important role in maintaining stability of the Soviet rear and destroying Nazi Germany’s plans to create a “fifth column” in Kabardino-Balkaria.
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Bubnys, Arūnas. "Lithuanians and polish resistance movements in 1942–1945: connections and differences." Genocidas ir rezistencija 1, no. 13 (2025): 70–74. https://doi.org/10.61903/gr.2003.107.
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The Soviet occupation of Lithuania in 1944 created the preconditions for cooperation between the Lithuanian and Polish underground. The Soviet government appointed mainly people of Slavic origin to local government bodies in eastern Lithuania. There were hardly any Lithuanian civil servants in smaller towns, so there were no conditions for confrontation and tensions between Lithuanians and Poles. The NKVD–NKGB immediately launched brutal repressions against Polish and Lithuanian resistance members. This encouraged Lithuanians and Poles in the mixed districts to join ranks against the Soviet invaders and the Soviet rule activists. In 1944–1945, a few cases of cooperation between Lithuanians and Poles were recorded, but these were isolated events of no major significance. By the end of 1945, the Soviet repressive organs had virtually crushed the Polish armed resistance in Lithuania and the Lithuanian resistance was left ‘all on its own’. Some Polish men joined Lithuanian partisan units. However, favourable conditions for joint anti–Soviet resistance were not used to the fullest potential.
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Zizas, Rimantas. "Soviet Partisans in Lithuania in 1941–1944: Aspects of Repressive (Terrorist) Activity." Genocidas ir rezistencija 1, no. 27 (2024): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.61903/gr.2010.101.
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The article deals with the establishment of the Soviet armed underground in the years of the Nazi Germany occupation (1941–1944), revealing its complicated situation and reasons, predetermining its repressive activity aspects – the use of coercion and violence. The expression of those activity aspects, concrete attempts to effect terror acts (political assassinations) against the German occupational regime, Lithuanian administration officers, political and military figures are elucidated on the basis of archival sources. Soviet armed underground in Lithuania had the strong, many-sided and multiple repressive origin. In the spring of 1941–1942, the most important role in the organization of Soviet resistance belonged to the USSR NKGB–NKVD bodies. Already in July-August 1941, twelve NKGB–NKVD groups, 85 people, were sent to Lithuania for terrorist (also for intelligence and sabotage) actions. Those groups were not able to develop any activities in Lithuania, almost all participants of those groups perished. From the end of 1942, the Soviet partisan resistance was organized and guided by the Communist Party institutions, attempting to organize the Soviet underground on the broader political and social basis. The participants of the Soviet underground were: 1) groups sent from the Soviet rear; 2) Soviet prisoners of war; 3) Jews who avoided the holocaust; 4) Lithuanian (and of other countries) inhabitants of other nationalities, most of whom suffered the German repressions. On the eve of the war (1940), in the USSR-occupied and annexed Lithuania, no prerequisites and conditions existed for the Soviet underground activity, the majority of the population did not support it, its participants maintained their existence only by repressions, coercion and violence. Directives for terrorist actions were given from the leading centres in the Soviet rear. Soviet partisans prepared unsuccessfully actions against the high-rank German occupational regime officers (General Commissioner in Lithuania Adrian von Renteln, Vilnius Command Commissioner Horst Wulff, etc.), the organizer of the local Lithuanian detachment Gen. Povilas Plechavičius. On the initiative of the Lithuanian national underground and supported by its participants, the Soviet partisans in March 1944 in the Švenčionys County killed two German leading economic executives (Fritz Ohl and Ernest Heinemann). The article, on the basis of indirect sources, makes a presumption that special Soviet underground groups at the end of April 1944 near Kaunas murdered the high-rank Orthodox Church clergyman Sergyi (Voskresenski).
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Mutigullin, A. V. "Legal regulation of the activities of Soviet and party bodies in the fight against the fascist-nationalist underground in the Baltic States (1944-1953)." Proceedings of Southwest State University. Series: History and Law 14, no. 3 (2024): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1501-2024-14-3-10-21.
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The relevance is due to the theoretical and practical significance of scientific problems related to the study of the legal regulation of the activities of Soviet and party bodies in the fight against the fascist-nationalist underground in the Baltic States in the last years of the Great Patriotic War and the post-war years. The experience of fighting nationalism in the post-war decade, when the Soviet state managed to cope with the fascist-nationalist underground in a relatively short time, seems instructive at the present time.Purpose. Сlarification in the historical and legal aspect of the peculiarities of the struggle of Soviet and party organs, as well as organs and troops of the NKVD-NKGB of the USSR with the fascist-nationalist underground in the Baltic States in 1944-1953.Objectives: to analyze the main normative legal documents regulating the fight against the fascist-nationalist underground in the Baltic States in 1944-1953; to determine the features of the counteraction of Soviet and party organs, organs and troops of the NKVD-NKGB to the activities of participants in the fascist-nationalist underground in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in the last years of the Great Patriotic War and the first decade after the end of the war.Methodology. The dialectical, historical, comparative legal method was used as the methodological basis of the study due to the historical and legal nature of the article.Results the research was of a historical and legal nature and made it possible to identify the specifics of the activities of the Soviet authorities in the fight against the fascist-nationalist underground in the Baltic States. Not only operational-Chekist, military operations were carried out, but also criminal and repressive measures were carried out, but also administrative, agitation and propaganda measures corresponding to the "current moment" were applied. The struggle against the fascist-nationalist underground was led by party and Soviet bodies, both at the republican and all-Union levels.Conclusion. The complex of measures carried out in 1944-1953 in order to combat the fascist-nationalist underground in the Baltic States has historical and legal significance. The experience of its implementation can be used by the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, state security agencies and other law enforcement agencies, both now and in the future, including as part of a special military operation.
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Rogut, Dariusz. "The Attitude of Soviet Security Organs to the Home Army (July 1944 – January 1945)." Historia provinciae – the journal of regional history 4, no. 4 (2020): 1303–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2020-4-4-6.
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The article deals with the problem of relations between the Soviet State Security Organs and the Home Army, an underground Polish military organization, in the final period of the Second World War. The author concludes that the main tools for establishing the Communist dictatorship and suppressing Polish society were the NKVD, NKGB, and SMERSH. Repression was aimed at broad groups of Polish society (landlords, teachers, doctors, clergy, etc.) and at certain individuals who were considered by the Soviet leadership as dangerous, hostile, and threatening the new Communist authorities. According to some estimates, from January 1944 to the end of the 1940s, 80–100 thousand Poles were arrested in the territory of the Second Polish Republic, of whom several thousand were convicted (not counting Polish citizens of other nationalities). They were held in screening and filtration camps, camps for prisoners of war and internees, correctional labour camps and labour battalions of the NKVD-MVD. The arrests, internment, mass deportations and trials of this period contradicted the norms of international law and marked the beginning of the new, Soviet, period of occupation.
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Shatilov, S. P., and O. A. Shatilova. "The main activities of the NKGB during the Great Patriotic War (based on the materials of the Altai Territory)." Вестник Сибирского юридического института МВД России, no. 1 (2022): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51980/2542-1735_2022_1_133.
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Berkutov, A. S. "Activities of the NKVD-NKGB operational groups of the USSR in cities occupied by the Red army (1944-1945)." Клио, no. 1 (2023): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51676/2070-9773_2023_01_162.
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Melnyk, Oleksandr. "Operational Groups of the NKGB and a Reconstruction of the Soviet Security Apparatus in Axis Occupied Ukraine, 1943–44." East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 10, no. 1 (2023): 81–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/ewjus665.
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This article elucidates the reconstruction of the Soviet security apparatus during World War II in what today is western Ukraine. In late 1943 to early 1944, six operational groups of the People’s Commissariat of State Security of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic headed to the Axis occupied territories with orders to re-establish contacts with Soviet secret agents and create a support infrastructure for the deployment of other operational groups, special purposes units, and individual agents, as well as to infiltrate organizations of Polish and Ukrainian nationalists. The essay examines Soviet special operations within the context of state efforts to project power into the Axis occupied territories. It sheds light on the objectives of Soviet security agencies and on the activities of individual units in the field.
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Pyrozhyshyn, R. V. "MISDEMEANORS AND PUNISHMENTS OF WORKERS OF REGIONAL AND CITY DEPARTMENTS OF NKGB-MSS IN THE TERNOPIL REGION IN 1944–1948." Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University, series Historical Sciences 4 (2019): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/2663-5984/2019/4.9.
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Pyrozhyshyn, R. V. "STAFF LIST AND MANPOWER OF THE KOZOVA AND KOZLIV REGIONAL DEPARTMENTS OF NKGB-MSS IN THE TERNOPIL REGION IN 1944–1950." Uzhorod National University Herald. Series: International Relations 6 (2019): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2663-5267.2019.6.02.
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Zhyviuk, A. "Technology of Terror: Murders in the Mezhyrichi Regional Departments of the NKGB-NKVD in Rivne Region in the Summer of 1941." Ukraïnsʹkij ìstoričnij žurnal, no. 2 (April 24, 2023): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/uhj2023.02.125.
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Seo, Min-Goo, Oh-Deog Kwon, and Dongmi Kwak. "Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Parasitizing Native Korean Goats (Capra hircus coreanae) in South Korea." Pathogens 9, no. 2 (2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9020071.
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Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are considered zoonotic re-emerging pathogens, with ticks playing important roles in their transmission and ecology. Previous studies in South Korea have examined TBPs residing in ticks; however, there is no phylogenetic information on TBPs in ticks parasitizing native Korean goat (NKG; Capra hircus coreanae). The present study assessed the prevalence, risk factors, and co-infectivity of TBPs in ticks parasitizing NKGs. In total, 107 hard ticks, including Haemaphysalis longicornis, Ixodes nipponensis, and Haemaphysalis flava, were obtained from NKGs in South Korea between 2016 and 2019. In 40 tested tick pools, genes for four TBPs, namely Coxiella-like endosymbiont (CLE, 5.0%), Candidatus Rickettsia longicornii (45.0%), Anaplasma bovis (2.5%), and Theileria luwenshuni (5.0%) were detected. Ehrlichia, Bartonella spp., and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus were not detected. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report CLE and T. luwenshuni in H. flava ticks in South Korea. Considering the high prevalence of Candidatus R. longicornii in ticks parasitizing NKGs, there is a possibility of its transmission from ticks to animals and humans. NKG ticks might be maintenance hosts for TBPs, and we recommend evaluation of the potential public health threat posed by TBP-infected ticks.
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Korotaiev, Oleksandr. "Pentecostal religious unions of Ukraine as an object of the intelligence work of the NKGB-MGB bodies during the late Stalinism (1944-1953)." Scientific Papers of the Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsyiubynskyi State Pedagogical University. Series: History, no. 33 (September 2020): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2411-2143-2020-33-55-65.
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Lesi, Irina. "Formation of the penitentiary System of Soviet Ukraine (first half of the 20th century)." Supremacy of Law, no. 1 (September 2021): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52388/2345-1971.2021.1.16.
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The process of organizing and becoming a system of execution of criminal penalties in Soviet Ukraine has been investigated since the Education of the Ukrainian SSR until 1930 - the beginning of the 1950s.; marked the main stages of the development of the state; The main regulatory acts of the structural and organizational activities of the penitentiary system are analyzed. In the 1920s. The Soviet penitentiary system was considered as a composite punitive system of the state and an effective means of combating the «class enemy». At the same time, the system of correctional institutions in Ukraine has not yet been considered as a means of severe punishment in the conditions of isolation from society, and it was also interpreted as an integral part of the condemnation system of convicts in social waste. The system of execution of criminal penalties to which correctional labor camps and general places of detention were determined. Independent subsystems were considered prison institutions (ordinary and investigative prisons), as well as labor colonies for minors and children's educational colonies. It has been established that under the conditions of Stalinism, an extensive network of the criminal executive system was a kind of foundation of totalitarian regime, was in an organic relationship with the administrative command system. The state administration of criminal and executive institutions in the post-war years carried out, and based on the principles of strict control of various departments of the NKVD, NKGB, MJ, Ministry of Internal Affairs.
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Feng, Lu-Da, Yang Tian, Xin Wang та ін. "Therapy of Dredging the Bowels Enhanced the Neuroprotective Effect of Nourishing Kidney Herbs on Hippocampal Cholinergic System in Alzheimer’s Disease Model Rat Induced by Aβ 1-42". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (12 вересня 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3282385.
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Background. Therapy of nourishing kidney has been used for treating memory deficits of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) for thousands of years based on traditional Chinese medicine. However, we found the therapy of dredging the bowels could alleviate both memory deficits and mental symptoms of AD in clinic. Objective. To determine whether the therapy of dredging the bowels could enhance the neuroprotective effect of nourishing kidney herbs for treating AD rats, and to explore the underlying mechanism of the combination of nourishing kidney and dredging the bowels (NKDB) herbs. Methods. 60 rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (SOG), model group (MG), nourishing kidney group (NKG), dredging the bowels group (DBG), nourishing kidney and dredging the bowels group (NKDBG), and donepezil hydrochloride group (DHG). The model establishment was performed by injecting Aβ 1-42 into the hippocampal CA1 region. Animals received aqueous solution of Chinese herbal medicine or western medicine while SOG received only distilled water. Ability of learning and memory were assessed by Morris water maze. Acetylcholinesterase(AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity and positive cells in the hippocampus were detected by the biochemical and immunofluorescent assay. Results. All rats were in the same baseline. While after model establishment, ability of learning and memory of MG, NKG, DBG, NKDBG, and DHG were significantly impaired compared with SOG. Whereas after treatment, ability of learning and memory of NKG, DBG, NKDBG, and DHG were significantly improved compared with MG. Additionally, AChE activity of NKG, DBG, and NKDBG was significantly decreased, meanwhile ChAT activity showed an increased tendency. The number of AChE-positive cells and ChAT-positive cells of both NKDBG and DHG were significantly decreased and increased respectively, superior to those when compared with NKG and DBG. What’s more, there was no significant difference between NKDBG and DHG. Conclusion. Therapy of dredging the bowels could enhance the neuroprotective effect of nourishing kidney herbs by reversing morphological damage of hippocampal cholinergic system. Furthermore, treatment with NKDB herbs could be effectively against AD, providing a practical therapeutic strategy in clinic.
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Berman, Andrey G. "“IN ORDER TO CURB THE HOSTILE ACTIVITIES OF THE KHLYSTY UNDERGROUND”: THE DIRECTIVES OF THE USSR NKGB OF 1945 ON THE BATTLE AGAINST CHRISTOVER BELIEVERS." Antropologicheskij forum 15, no. 43 (2019): 113–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2019-15-43-113-150.
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HAZIZOVA, Olena. ""BLOOD ROSES". LIFE AND CREATIVITY OF LYUDMILA FOY - LEGENDS OF THE UKRAINIAN LIBERATION MOVEMENT." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 33 (2023): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2023.33.2.
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In Ukraine, under the conditions of military aggression by the Russian Federation, the role of women in the heroic struggle of the Ukrainian people against the aggressor is increasingly growing. In this aspect, gender history is important - a field that examines the history of women in different periods. The most relevant today is the study of the history of the Ukrainian liberation movement, in particular the participation of Ukrainian women in it, which makes it possible to reveal the gender component of the national liberation struggles of the Ukrainian people from a new, sometimes unexpected side. As scientists note, women made a significant contribution to the development and activity of the Ouniv underground, their practical activity in the Ukrainian national liberation movement was extremely multifaceted. The study is focused on highlighting the role of Ukrainian women in the Ukrainian liberation movement in the 1940s and 1950s. on the example of the life and creative path of one of the most mysterious figures of the Ukrainian liberation movement, Lyudmila Foya (1923–1950), a liaison underground of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (Bandera) in Kyiv during the Second World War, a prisoner of the internal prison of the NKGB of the Ukrainian SSR, a participant armed struggle of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army in Volyn and Polissia. Reading the works of L. Foya will allow us to return the name of this unique writer to Ukrainian literature. Her works are aimed at the formation of patriotic values of a young person, who is in constant dynamic development of the value-emotional sphere, acts as a driving force, on whose views the development of Ukrainian statehood depends.
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Bogdanov, Sergey V., Vladimir G. Ostapyuk, and Natalya A. Zhukova. "Public Sentiment among the Population of the City of Leningrad and the Leningrad Region in June - August 1941: From Situation Reports of the NKGB of the USSR." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2018): 1051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-4-1051-1059.
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The article considers one aspect of everyday life of the population of Leningrad and the Leningrad region in the first months of the Great Patriotic War, which had been carefully concealed by official Soviet propaganda. Throughout all postwar decades up to the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian historical science continued to reproduce the myth of absolute unity of the Soviet society and mass patriotic enthusiasm of the working class, kolkhoz peasants and intelligentsia in the face of enemy aggression. And yet archival documents of the state security agencies reveal numerous facts and distinctive features of anti-Soviet manifestations among various socio-professional groups of the population of Leningrad and the Leningrad region in the first months following the German invasion in the Soviet territory. These facts show that the imminent war had a serious impact on the inner world of the inhabitants of the Northern capital of the Soviet Union, exacerbating numerous problems that had accumulated in the Soviet society in the decades before the war. The article mostly draws on the recently declassified situation reports of the People's Commissariat of State Security for the city of Leningrad and the Leningrad region from the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense. It deals with such occurrences of anti-state sentiment as panic rumors, anti-Soviet agitation, listening to the radio-broadcasts of hostile states, distribution of anti-Soviet leaflets, planning pogroms of local party and state leaders. It analyses key features of anti-Soviet manifestations among urban and rural population. It contains information on the first manifestations of collaboration among those inhabitants of the Leningrad region, who had ended up in the territory occupied by the German troops. It studies mechanics of repressive activities of state security bodies caused by restructuring of Soviet society, while the military operations began.
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Bandi, István. "Szembenézés a múlttal : Az állambiztonsági örökség feltárásának első lépései Moldovában. Alexandru Malacenco: Instituţionalizarea puterii sovietice în RSS Moldovenească în anii 1944–1946: contribuţia organelor NKGB–MGB. Chişinău, 2022. 204 oldal." Betekintő 18, no. 1 (2024): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25834/bet.2024.1.8.
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Кометчиков, И. В. "Emergency Management Practices of Regional and District Officials in Western Russia (1941–1946)." Вестник Рязанского государственного университета имени С.А. Есенина, no. 1(74) (April 1, 2022): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2022.74.1.004.
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На основе законодательных материалов, делопроизводства партийных, советских органов, органов Народного комиссариата внутренних дел СССР и Народного комиссариата государственной безопасности СССР, военных структур, статистики, источников личного происхождения из федеральных и региональных архивов анализируются причины, проявления и последствия чрезвычайных практик региональной и районной власти на Западе РСФСР в 1941–1946годах. Делается вывод о том, что наряду с факторами военного времени (сокращение количества квалифицированных управленцев из-за мобилизаций на фронт, эвакуация, концентрация власти в чрезвычайных военизированных структурах, милитаризация их работы и др.) важной причиной «чрезвычайщины» был низкий уровень капитализации ключевых отраслей экономики Запада РСФСР, когда распространенность ручного труда обусловливала активное применение чрезвычайных способов его мобилизации. Воспроизводство большинства чрезвычайных практик власти завершилось с переходом к мирному времени. Лишь такие из них, как институт уполномоченных партийных органов, просуществовали в регионе до завершения индустриальной трансформации советского общества в начале 1960-х годов. Based on legislative materials, the records of the Party, the committees, NKVD (the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs), NKGB (the People’s Commissariat for State Security) and military organizations as well as statistical data and private sources from the federal and regional archives, we analyzed the reasons, manifestations and consequences of practices of regional and local authorities in the Western part of the RSFSR (the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) during the state of emergency in 1941–1946. We came to the conclusion that it was not only the influence of the wartime which entailed a drop in the number of qualified executives due to the mobilization, evacuation, the concentration of power in military organizations and the militarization of their work, that was an important factor in establishing the state of emergency. Besides that, it was caused by a low level of capitalization of key economic sectors in the Western RSFSR under the circumstances of manual labor being extremely widespread and conducive to its urgent mobilization. Most of those practices were abolished after the war was over. Only a few of them, such as “the authority institute”, lived on until the industrial transformation of the Soviet society came to an end in the early 1960s.
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Nurullayev, Jaxongir Abdumalikovich. "CHECHEN VA INGUSHLARNING IKKINCHI JAHON URUSHIDA XOINLIKDA AYBLANISHI HAMDA MARKAZIY OSIYOGA DEPORTATSIYA QILINISHI." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE 2, no. 2 (2022): 108–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6067655.
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Ushbu maqolada Kavkaz xalqlaridan bo’lgan chechen va ingushlarning ikkinchi jahon urushida xoinlikda ayblanishi hamda Markaziy Osiyoga deportatsiya qilinishi sabablari va oqibatlari yoritilgan. Muallif chechen va ingushlarning deportatsiya qilinishi sabablarini yoritishda nisbatan yangi ma’lumotlarga tayangan.
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Bartenev, Grigory. "Interaction between the staff of the Council for the Russian Orthodox Church and the state security organs in the period of 1943–1953." St.Tikhons' University Review 104 (February 28, 2022): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturii2022104.108-121.
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This article is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between employees of the state security organs (NKVD, NKGB, MGB of the USSR) with members and authorizeds of the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church in the first ten years from the beginning of the Council's existence. The study of this problem was carried out on the basis of the archival documents of the Council for the specified period and made it possible to show the process of forming state policy in relation to the ROC, implemented through the two above-mentioned departments, as well as the difference in the approaches of these departments to church policy. Various types of interaction between employees of the two departments and the stages of development of state policy in relation to the Church in the designated period are revealed. Such periods were the initial period of the Council's work until the Local Council of 1945, when the church policy of the state, carried out through the Council, was perceived as a temporary phenomenon, and there was a division of spheres of influence between the Council and the state security organs in the church issue. The next period ended with a change in the leadership of the MGB in 1946 and was characterized by the implementation of the planned church policy of the state through the Council, whose head G.G. Karpov was formally subordinate to the head of the MGB V.N. Merkulov. After the appointment to the post of Minister V.S. Abakumov and the dismissal of Karpov from the MGB in 1947, the stage of the formation of a new, tougher line in the policy of the state towards the Church began, in which the state security organs played the main role. The events of the "Saratov baptistery" at the beginning of 1949 became an obvious moment of the change in state policy on the church issue. From that moment on, the fourth stage of the tightening of state policy towards the Church began, which continued, despite the arrest of Abakumov and the death of Stalin, until the end of the period under review.
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Bogatyrev, Eduard D., and Sergey V. Kistanov. "Quantitative Aspects of Evacuation of Internal Affairs Bodies Officers to the Mordovian ASSR in 1941." Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education 20, no. 3 (2020): 262–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.051.020.202003.262-278.
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Introduction. In the face of the loss of vast territories at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, human resources, including the NKVD and the NKGB staff became the most important value, which were supposed to fight against violations of law and ensure state security in new places. The purpose of the article is to study the quantitative and qualitative composition of officers of the internal affairs and security bodies which were evacuated to the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from the Union republics of the USSR in July – October 1941. Materials and Methods. The source base of the study was made up of materials extracted from the fund of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Mordovian ASSR of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Mordovia. The methodology of the work is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency, historical-genetic and idiographic methods, as well as quantitative analysis. Results. In the course of the study data was analyzed on where the evacuated personnel of law enforcement officers came to the MASSR, as well as the dynamics of the arrival of the evacuees by months, the timing of their stay on the territory of Mordovia. Discussion and Conclusion. The Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in July – October 1941 of the Great Patriotic War deployed on its territory 1 868 officers of internal affairs and state security agencies and their family members. The largest number of officers of the internal affairs and state security bodies came from the Ukrainian SSR; in second place was the Byelorussian SSR, in third one – the Lithuanian USSR. Much smaller number of employees were evacuated to Mordovia from the Latvian, Estonian, Moldavian and Karelo-Finnish Union republics. Many officers of the internal affairs and state security bodies were evacuated to the MASSR worked together at their former places of service. It could have a positive effect on the effective work of the newly reconstructed structures in the long run. Most of the officers of the bodies stayed on the territory of the MASSR for two months, after which they were sent to new places of service.
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Verigin, Sergey G., Denis A. Popov, and Margarita N. Prokhorova. "New Documents on the Finnish Occupation of the Olonets Region of Karelia in 1941–44." Herald of an archivist, no. 1 (2023): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-1-131-143.
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The article analyzes newly identified documents detailing the detention of prisoners in Finnish detention facilities created on the territory of the Olonets region of Karelia during the Great Patriotic War. They provide an opportunity of studying regional aspects of the Finnish occupation of Karelia in 1941-44, comparing the data with other materials on the Finnish occupation of the Olonets region. The documents are letters of concentration camp prisoners, written to the archive in late 20th century in order to obtain certificates of their occupancy in the camp. Although the letters should have been stricken off, the archivists of the Olonets Archive have preserved them and carried out their initial analysis. These letters are, in essence, memoirs, and in the case of the Finnish occupation of Karelia, memoirs are often the only source allowing us to study the nature of the occupation regime. For instance, the letters have permitted to identify the exact location of some Finnish camps on the territory of the Olonets region, which remained unclear when working with the People's Commissariat for State Security (NKGB) documents. Some war crimes of the Finnish occupiers were already known, but these documents reveal new crimes of the camp guards, some against children. The letters listing names of deceased relatives are also of great interest, showing the mortality rate in the camps. In addition to confirming their occupancy in the camp, former prisoners recalled the events of the Finnish occupation of Karelia. This material demonstrates what work was performed by prisoners, reveals specific war crimes, and reconstructs everyday life in the detention camps. It is worth noting that modern Russian historiography often raises the issue of the impact of occupation on the psyche of children. The documents presented in the article contribute to the study of this issue. They can be used for studying regional aspects of the Finnish occupation of Karelia, for identifying war crimes, for micro level study of the Finnish occupation, and for indactive study of the occupation regime on the territory of the USSR in the days of the Great Patriotic War.
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Lushin, Aleksandr I., and Ivan V. Kalinin. "TRANSFORMATION OF STATE SECURITY AGENCIES IN THE PERIOD OF THE KHRUSHCHEV’S THAW." Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education 19, no. 2 (2019): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.046.019.201902.125-136.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The epoch of Khrushchev’s “thaw” is a turning point in the history of the development of state security agencies. There is a break in the ideological connection between Cheka agency’s methods of work and the newly formed State Security Committee under the USSR Council of Ministers, a rethinking of the structure, goals and objectives of the department in accordance with the new policy of the ruling authorities. Research methods. In order to study the reform trends in the state security bodies of 1953–1964, in the article the method of historicism was used. It allows to consider the institute of state security bodies in the context of the definitely historical conditions of its existence. Besides the elements of the comparative historical method was used for creating a general idea of the tasks and goals of the department from the beginning of its existence in the RSFSR and until the end of period. Results and discussion. The analysis of publicly available sources of scientific literature has allowed to delineate the boundaries of modernization processes in the state security agencies of the Khrushchev “thaw” period. The actual transition of the heir to the VChK – OGPU – NKVD – NKGB – MGB from subordination of the state to the party power determined the further development of the KGB. Entirely subordinate to the party apparatus, the department was transformed depending on the interests of the political bureaucracy in power. However, the absence of a specific policy and the obvious distrust of N. S. Khrushchev to the state security authorities led to mixed results in regarding the effectiveness of the KGB, designed to ensure the protection of the country. The negative consequences included “the birth trauma” of the KGB after the 20th Congress of the CPSU, denouncing the violation of legality by the past KGB, weakening the moral and psychological climate inside the system and turning the Committee, designed to protect the state and its citizens from internal and external threats, into a party appendage with the inviolability of party employees, which led to a decrease in the rule of law. The positive results of the transformation of the state security bodies consisted in partial liberalization of the established system, softening the methods of the KGB, reorienting to protect the state from external enemies, creating the legal basis of the department’s activities and promoting its positive image.