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1
Bailey, S. J. "Charging policies for local government : rationale, philosophy, practice." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1992. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21225.
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This thesis provides a comprehensive examination of the potential for the increased use of charges for local government services. It eschews a simplistic aggregate market-based analogy, adopting instead a service by service approach which takes full account of service objectives. It avoids an overly descriptive approach and develops its own rationale and methodology. Practice can then be considered in a situationally relevant context. Part 1 criticises economic theory's conception of the public sector and the distorted meaning of efficiency which results. The market-based analogy has led central government policy up a cul-de-sac where increasing centralism exacerbates the fundamental problems inherent in any system of collective choice, leading to increased central-local tensions and further centralism. Part 2 provides an overview of the use of charges by local government and reviews charging methodologies previously propounded. Besides being arbitrary, they are methodologically deficient because they are based on incomplete analysis of individual and collective interests. They assume a clear delineation can be made between the collective/ objective interest and the individual/ subjective interest, tax finance for the former and user charges for the latter. A new methodology is proposed which synthesises individual and collective perspectives, namely customised value added services. Part 3 applies the new methodology to a wide range of local government services, three in-depth case studies followed by more concise consideration of other services. Provision of physical structures (roads, schools and other capital facilities) is considered as well as services to identifiable individuals (leisure and recreation, housing etc). A consistent blend of theory and practice provides a policy relevant, evolutionary, incremental approach to a selective, sensitive expansion in the use of service charges. The overriding aim is to improve equity and increase access to impoved quality of service, not simply to raise revenue nor to deter or ration use.
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Spence, John Thomas. "Council-Manager Government in Transition: The Change to “Stronger Mayor” in Cincinnati." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1069347376.
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Roberts, Anthony Nigel. "Local government relationships with community groups : a case study of Leicester City Council." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497408.
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This thesis examines the relationship between local authorities and community groups existing within their boundaries. This is not a new field and a number of significant studies have been carried out on, for example, the classification of community groups or the community groups of which councillors are members. The previous studies are, however, in excess of twenty years old and they need to be updated to take cognisance of the post modernisation era of local government resulting from the Local Government Act 2000. The principal contribution of this research is to fill a gap in the existing knowledge by developing a typology of all relationships.
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Freier, Ronny. "Incumbency, divided government, partisan politics and council size : Essays in local political economics." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Nationalekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-2221.
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This thesis comprises four empirical papers, each devoted to a specific topic in local political economics. Paper one and two evaluate the importance of the mayor position to the future electoral success of the mayor’s party. In the first paper, the focus is on the party’s electoral outcome in subsequent mayoral elections, while the second paper is concerned with the interdependencies between the mayor’s office and elections on other levels of government. The third paper investigates the causal effect of individual parties on policy in the context of German town council politics. The objective is to measure the impact of political representation in a proportional election system on core fiscal decisions of the municipalities. The final paper studies the specific concerns when using population thresholds in regression discontinuity designs for causal inference (in the German case). The analysis reviews the German evidence on the link between the size of the legislation and government spending.Diss. Stockholm : Stockholm School of Economics, 2011. Introduction together with 4 papers.
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Moyo, Langton. "Local government as an enabler of local economic development: A case study of the Bulawayo city council." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8448.
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Magister Administrationis - MAdminLocal economic development approaches are increasingly being adopted in Africa to address spatial and territorial inequalities in development. Local economic development prioritises grassroots, bottom-up, regional people-centred approaches, and local partnerships to make communities self-reliant. Amidst this approach, the local government sector is encouraged to facilitate this local development process as outlined as the tier of government that supports participatory democracy. As such, most post-independence African countries embarked on a decentralisation drive to position the local government system to play a key role in local communities' development process. This study focused on understanding the part of the local government sector in enabling local economic development. This dissertation sought to investigate how local governments in Zimbabwe can play a role in supporting the process for achieving a local developmental state. The analysis focuses on the local economic development initiatives implemented by the Bulawayo City Council, with specific attention given to the diversification of their economy through the small and medium business enterprises. The theoretical framework of the study was based on the endogenous development approach. This approach is relevant to local economic development and the role of local government in creating local institutions of the process as it emphasises the local determination of choices, control over the planning process, and the local retention of the benefits within the locale. For the field research, a case study of the Bulawayo City Council was necessary to understand and have insights into economic development, local government structures and process in the Bulawayo Metropolitan Area.
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Rittau, Yasmin. "Regional Labour Councils and Local Government Employment Generation: The South Coast Labour Council 1981-1996." University of Sydney. Business, Discipline of Work and Organisational Studies, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/574.
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The thesis examines the role of regional labour councils in local employment generation. It specifically analyses the case of an Australian regional labour council, the South Coast Labour Council (SCLC), between 1981 and 1996. The Illawarra region was the centre of SCLC activity. It was an industrialised region that experienced high levels of unemployment in the period. These were greater than the State and national averages, which reflected a geographical concentration of unemployment in certain regions in Australia. The SCLC attempted to address this issue, as it was part of the union structure that was specifically focused on the regional level and on regional concerns. The study argues that the SCLC developed a local employment generation strategy and it examines how and why this was adopted and pursued. It finds that the SCLC was well placed at the regional level and was well resourced with a capacity to influence the external environment through its utilisation of both political and industrial methods in a period of agreeable internal relations. The research identifies the development of its local employment generation strategy. Sometimes the SCLC pursued its strategy in a manner of ad hoc decision-making and muddling through, while at other times it involved characteristic and distinctive regular patterns. The thesis concludes by evaluating the SCLC�s strategy of local employment generation and by exploring the applicability of the general trade union literature on methods and strategy to regional labour councils.
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Cameron, Robert Greig. "The administration and politics of the Cape Town City Council, 1976-1986." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22607.
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Copland, Linda. "Local government and public health : Thomas Borthwick and the Adelaide City Council, 1900-1924 /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09HS/09hsc784.pdf.
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Workman, Anna. "Success versus failure in local public goods provision : council and chiefly governance in post-war Makeni, Sierra Leone." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/702/.
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Post-war Sierra Leone faces a deep deficit in the supply of basic public goods which is detrimental to quality of life and remains a risk factor for future conflict. The government, under substantial donor influence, seeks to address this deficit through democratic decentralization. However, evidence of the link between decentralization and improved public goods provision remains weak. I approach the public goods deficit from a different angle; rather than assuming that an imported solution is needed, I consider what can be learned from existing patterns of public goods provision. At the core of this study is a comparison of ‘success versus failure’ in local public goods provision in the city of Makeni, with the aim of understanding key dynamics that lead to divergent outcomes. While I set out to focus on cases of public goods provision led by two main categories of local government actors — elected councils and chiefs — I found that it in all four cases, citizens played a substantial role. I therefore analyze the cases as instances of coproduction of public goods. I find that coproduction is an important means of maintaining a basic supply of local public goods when state capacity is weak. With this in mind, I draw on the case study evidence to develop a set of propositions about the conditions under which coproduction is more likely to succeed in contemporary Sierra Leone. These propositions are suggestive of an alternate institutional approach to addressing the public goods deficit—one that is based on the development of workarounds for key obstacles rather than institutional overhaul. However, coproduction is no ‘magic bullet’; it has troubling implications for social equality and the development of state capacity over the longer term and thus judgements about the desirability of coproductive arrangements are likely to involve complex trade-offs.
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Anderson, Colin Roy. "London government in transition : L.C.C. to G.L.C. 1962-1967." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/561262.
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This thesis concentrates upon a largely neglected subject wi thin contemporary political history, that is the transition in London government from the London County Council (L.C.C.) to the Greater London Council (G.L.C.). It is a study of the actions and reactions of poli tical parties at central government, county council, and district council level, and incorporates the role of non-political party pressure groups. The bulk of the thesis is concerned with the L.C.C. area. Consideration is, however, given to the non-L.C.C. area incorporated into the larger C.L.C. This work demonstrates that there was no consensus regarding the need for reform. It is argued that the lack of consensus led to compromises that failed to satisfy many interested groups and thus the C.L.C. was often perceived to be flawed. This thesis derives from an exhaustive literature search and extensive reading. The records of political parties were very useful. Newspapers and journals aided research, as did a series of interviews with key surviving individuals. A further source of information were the minutes of various local authorities and connected bodies. Previously unavailable records have been used, for example, Conservative Party and Government records. With the aid of these new sources this work uniquely concentrates on exposing the political constraints and biases that caused a flawed local government system to be introduced.
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Ellam, Angela. "The power of the Labour Party in local government : a case study of Kirklees Council." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/26222/.
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Political power has been much contested and debated, culminating in the development and measurement of many distinct and narrow facets of power. This thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge by providing a conceptual and operational framework for researching power in a political system in a relevant, observable, comprehensive and meaningful way. Using this framework to consider the power of the Labour Party in local government, as perceived by practitioners, has provided new insights into existing understandings of power in both theory and practice. Many different facets of power are relevant to researching the power of the Labour Party in local government. These were brought together using an abstract model of a political system to provide a comprehensive and meaningful framework for researching power. The framework makes it possible to operationalise power by identifying three principal dimensions that are observable - capacity, decision making and power – and connect the different facets together. This framework makes clear the distinction between conceptions of power at micro-level, which concern the capacity to influence others, and macro-level, which concern the capacity to influence outcomes; and the significance of applying the appropriate conception to the research context. The conceptual and operational framework was used to research the power of the Labour Party in local government through a case study of Kirklees Council. The research was conducted between October 2012 and August 2013 and used a mixed methods approach incorporating a survey of Labour Party councillors, interviews with Labour Party members, and observation of various meetings, this research explores each facet of power. This case study shows that central government controls the capacity of Kirklees Council, but the Labour Party has the potential to influence local political outcomes well beyond the sphere of the Council. In terms of decision making, the Leader dominates the Labour Party, but due to the professional expertise of officers and bargaining power of other political parties has less control over Kirklees Council. Regarding outcomes, the activities of the Labour Party in local government makes marginal differences to the electorate and policies of Kirklees Council, but a significant difference to the Labour Party itself. So, even though political parties dominate the governance of local authorities, this case study shows that local party politics in practice makes only marginald differences in the locality.
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Chibwana, Atanazio Gabriel. "An assessment of the implementation of the national decentralisation policy in Zomba District Council in Malawi: (2009-2010)." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/542.
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This study was aimed at assessing the implementation status of the National Decentralisation Policy in Zomba District Council in Malawi given the current situation where the council is operating without ward councilors. It also undertook an exploration of factors affecting the implementation of the National Decentralisation Policy in Zomba District Council and made recommendations which can positively contribute to the effective implementation of the National Decentralisation Policy in Zomba District Council. Using both qualitative and quantitative research design, data for the study was collected using interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. The study found that the implementation of the National Decentralisation Policy in Zomba District Council during the period under study was unsatisfactory. The major challenges to the implementation of the National Decentralisation Policy in Zomba District Council were largely linked to the absence of councilors in the current council setup, violation of legal instruments governing the implementation of the National Decentralisation Policy by the incumbent leadership, lack of political will among the ruling elite to see full implementation of the National Decentralisation Policy, poor performance of structures operating in place of ward and council committees and inadequate finances at the disposal of Zomba District Council. The study concluded that Zomba District Council needed ward councilors to fully implement the National Decentralisation Policy. However the study also observed that it would be impossible to attain the objectives of the decentralization policy if there was no political will on the part of the incumbent leadership to see the National Decentralisation Policy implemented in full at Zomba District Council.
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Pan, Jing. "The role of local government in shaping and influencing international policy frameworks." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11117.
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This thesis explores the capacity of local government to influence intergovernmental organizations’ policy frameworks during the formulation and implementation of their instruments and policies. It provides empirical insights into the decision making and implementation of international policy regimes, specifically within a European context, and contributes to the broader theoretical understanding of these regimes through the development of multi-level governance as a framework of analysis. The thesis extends multi-level governance as a theoretical framework in two ways. First, it does so by going beyond its usual development and application within the European Union. The role of local government is examined in the pan-European political context shaped by the Council of Europe. Second, it pays special attention to the upstream link between local authorities and international actors in the context of multi-level governance settings. To date, most research on local government in multi-level governance settings has focused on the new challenges brought by extended multiple tiers of jurisdictions and how local government has been affected by the internationally shaped political arrangements. Little attention has been placed on the upward flow of interaction of local authorities or their capacity to influence international decision making and policy implementation. Empirical research in this thesis has focused on the capacity of local government to share the meta-steering role with the multi-level governance framework. The potential of local government to influence the international policy frameworks has been investigated based on its unique value in enhancing good governance in line with international norms and principles. At the theoretical level, the research argues multi-level governance reflects not simply the redistribution of power resources among various actors, but also the process of reshaping understanding and preferences through direct communication between actors at different territorial levels. It suggests that local political preferences can be shaped and reframed by broader values and consequently generates significant influence on higher level policy outcomes. However, despite the existence of specific constitutional devices for involving local development in the legislative processes of the Council of Europe, empirical evidence shows local authorities have largely failed to take up this opportunity, and their influence remains limited. Implications hence can be drawn for wider utilization of local engagement in intergovernmental organizations; for example, within the context the Committee of the Regions of the Europe Union.
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Lindenmayer, Sarah. "Local government policy and planning solutions for sustainable refugee housing outcomes : the case of Maroochy Shire Council /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17075.pdf.
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Maake, Matshankutu Timothy. "Sustaining service provision within municipalities in the Northern Province with specific reference to Duiwelskloof / Ga-Kgapane Transitional Local Council." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2566.
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Sado, Davis Greg. "An assessment of local participation within the decentralised framework: a case of Lilongwe District Council." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/375.
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The research analyses local participation as it is implemented within the Lilongwe District Council. The study explores decentralisation in the council by examining important facets that contribute to good local governance with a special interest in local participation. The study finds that while local participation is a recognized feature in the decentralisation policy, lack of proper involvement and integration has limited the efficacy of local participation. The neglect of government in conducting local government elections to have ward councillors in place is brought to the fore as a major setback to the implementation of decentralisation reforms. The study therefore notes that decentralisation must not be seen as just a policy goal, with the aim of shifting development to the communities, but as a policy instrument which aims to improve local democracy, efficiency and effectiveness in the provision of social services. In order to achieve this, the study proposes five key recommendations and a proposed model for the attainment of good governance in the Council.
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Snape, Stephanie A. "The implementation of social policy in England in the 1930s : a case study of Cheshire County Council and Birkenhead County Borough." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319198.
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Okecha, Kem. "Regime politics and service delivery in the Cape Town Unicity Council." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/216.
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The study will account for the local state conflicts between several political parties governing the city of Cape Town in South Africa’s Western Cape Province, and the resulting effect on service delivery. These conflicts take the form of shifting political alliances (e.g., political floor crossing) and differing agendas about governing the city. The research statement is that the emerging conflicts between these political parties, particularly the African National Congress (ANC), the Democratic Alliance (DA) and the Independent Democrats (ID) and the recent local regime changes in the city have impacted on service delivery. Using urban regime theory, it seeks to explain how the two communities of Parkwood Estate and Ottery are governed and how these governing arrangements have operated with respect to ANC and DA control over the areas. In South Africa, while the politics of opposition between political parties has received much attention, especially at the national level, the role of these parties in service delivery at the local level has not received such consideration. With this in mind, this study attempts to contribute to an understanding of the association between local state politics and service delivery in Cape Town.
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Batts, Danny S. "Attitudes and perceptions of county legislators regarding their influence over the formulation and implementation of environmental policy /." View online, 2005. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/1/.
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Kelly, Ann. "The work of clerical trainees in local government council offices : an ethnomethodological study of competence and competency standards /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17370.pdf.
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Schuhmann, Robert A. "The Constitution and the council-manager plan : public administration operating under a system without shared powers /." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08232007-113057/.
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Alfaraj, Naif Faraj Saad. "Enhancing public participation in regional development : the case of Riyadh Regional Council." Curtin University of Technology, Curtin Business School, School of Management, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18628.
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This thesis examines public participation in regional development in Saudi Arabia at the local government level. The main objective of the study examines the current policies and practices of Riyadh Regional Council with regard to regional development, paying particular attention to the issue of public participation. Key decision-makers and decision locations are identified as focal points of policy development and implementation. The work begins from the premise that public participation is one of the key elements of effective regional policy that has so far been under-researched and consequently under-utilised in the Saudi Arabian context. The research opens by examining the national and cultural context of regional development in Saudi Arabia. It identifies and examines the relationship between policy development and the traditions and constitutional arrangements. These considerations are followed by an interrogation of the literature that reveals a range of concepts and perspectives on regional development and public participation. Of particular relevance to this study is the importance of the ‘institutional turn’ in regional development and the role of public participation in enhancing the functioning of those institutions associated with regional development. Saudi Arabia has an economy that is largely dependent on revenues generated from the export of crude and refined petrochemicals. This places Saudi Arabia in a category of nations that are liable to suffer from the ‘resource curse’. The literature suggests that avoiding this particular phenomenon is in part dependent on having robust institutions. This firmly connects the research problem to previous research and provides a sound rationale for the conduct of the study.Interpretivism is advanced as a suitable philosophical framework for the conduct of the research. It offers a methodological rationale for a case study investigation that draws on a range of qualitative data sources. Such an approach is especially useful for examining situations that are bound in time and space and can provide theoretical and practical insights that are useful in other contexts. This research presents new insights into how local government in Saudi Arabia can develop strategies for enhancing public participation in the creation of regional development policies and practices. There has been recent rapid economic development in Saudi Arabia that has influenced overall planning directions and development achievements and made it possible for the government to achieve systematic progress in long-term economic diversification into industrialisation, education, health, transport, and communication and social services. Even so, the Saudi Arabian government is concerned about increasing public participation in all areas. The formation of the regional councils in 1992 can be considered as a step towards public participation in the socio-economic development of their regions. However, the findings of this research demonstrate that there is a need for creating new policies and techniques to help regional councils in improving their performance to meet the needs of their citizens, and public participation is a key to achieving this end. To do this it is recommended that the councils should be granted executive and legislative authority to enable them to take adequate decisions and work together with citizens in ways that will increase their participation leading to enhanced transparency and accountability and effective regional development policy.
Following the findings, a set of recommendations are provided to improve the role of Riyadh Regional Council in enhancing public participation in regional development. This thesis closes with suggestions and directions for future research with regard to the potential contribution to the public sector management literature. The findings of this research provide benefits for policy makers to correct, maintain, and eliminate any obstacles facing administrative policies and consequently provide a long-term strategy that could incrementally be implemented in stages throughout time. The research methods, ideas and insights developed here could also be adapted and applied to other nations facing similar issues.
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Dladla, Kwazikwenkosi Frank. "The Impact of the Legal Framework for Local Government on Building and Sustaining Coalitions in Municipal Councils." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6401.
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Magister Legum - LLM (Public Law and Jurisprudence)In any democratic society, elections are a significant mechanism for citizens to communicate with their representatives. As a result, elections provide a window of opportunity to every voter to hire or fire any political party or independent representative. As an aggregated measure of popular preference, elections constitute an important means to affirm that people in any society should be free to choose their own government based on the parties political beliefs and policies that appeal to the needs of the electorates. Powell sums up this perspective in two points; first, the voter must be able to identify the prospective future governors and have some idea of what they will do if elected. Secondly, the outcome of the elections should bring into office a coherent government whose inherent powers are clearly defined and limited. However, elections sometimes do not produce a single party with an absolute majority to form a government. In such an instance, a coalition or minority government becomes inevitable. It has been argued that coalitions are formed for two different yet interrelated reasons; first to pursue common goals among coalition partners. Secondly, to enable the coalition partners to share the benefits related with being in power. No matter what the intentions are for forming a coalition by the political parties, coalition governments are bound to encounter challenges. One of the challenges is the need to consult and reach consensus among coalition partners, which may not only result in government decision-making being slower but also more complex. Secondly, conflicts within a ruling coalition can make a government unstable and weak due to conflicting ideologies.
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Washington, Shakeesha K. Bailey L. Conner. "A comparative case study of regional Councils of Government in Central and East Alabama." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Fall%20Theses/Washington_Shakeesha_17.pdf.
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Cash, Leatricia Michelle. "The council-manager plan, or, Managing for results?: Profiles and management styles of eight city managers in San Bernardino County." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2736.
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The primary purpose of this study is to examine professional city management in San Bernardino County cities functioning under the council-manager form of government, and to determine whether they are using the fundamental principals of "Managing for Results" as set by the criteria in the GPP report.
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Tsibani, Fumene George. "Water services education and training needs of councillors in the Local Government Development Agenda (LGDA)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86473.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study describes and analyses the water governance and developmental water services education and training needs of councillors in water services authorities (WSAs) in the Northern Cape Province in order to enable them to fulfil their responsibilities as required by the legislative framework in the new dispensation in South Africa. The new South African Constitution ushered in a new legislative framework, which recognises that developmental water supply, sanitation facilities as basic services are local government matters, and that they are in the functional area of concurrent national and provincial legislative competence. The Water Services Act No. 108 of 1997 and a number of Acts of Parliament thereafter, which are a spine for a local government developmental agenda (LGDA) in South Africa, give effect to this determination. Collectively, these Acts and policies have set the LGDA or modernisation of local government for change and marked a departure from the selection, recruitment and deployment of councillors without minimum engineering and technical skills in water and infrastructure planning and development portfolios. This invariably imposes new leadership responsibilities upon a range of hydropolitical councillors in WSAs, and creates the need for a redefined model of representation on the part of councillors from ―resemblance to public capability, accountability, responsibility and responsiveness‖ (Sartori 1968: 465). With the current calibre and breed of councillors in water portfolios and infrastructure planning and development, it appears that the country is facing a leadership crisis that can strike at the very roots of the democratic values of the LGDA system. Without effective, innovative, creative and committed leadership, all anti-poverty strategies may just plug in superficial solutions rather than tackle the root of the problem, namely governance crises in WSAs. Accordingly, 'good enough governance' or radical restructuring of the recruitment, selection and deployment policy in the current water crisis in the Northern Cape should act as a "decontaminator or antiseptic in a germ-infested area" (Cloete 2006:6-19). To extend the analogy further in terms of good enough water governance, the selection, recruitment and deployment of appropriately qualified representatives in bulk water infrastructure planning and development may lead to long-term hydropolitical adaptive capacity to respond proactively to water scarcity in the Northern Cape whereby a discernible set of water governance values and principles will benefit all citizens. Using mixed methods, the researcher found that comparative literature evidence clearly underscores the importance of effective leadership by competent and skilled councillors in water portfolios. It is also significant that academic and independent studies have ignored the oversight role of councillors in water governance. The debates only focus on officials who do not have executive powers under the new LGDA and its administration system. Yet, the current water crisis, extreme weather conditions, climate changes, and protests against poor service delivery provide an opportunity to rethink water governance. The dissertation argues that councillors in water portfolios should have minimum engineering and technical qualifications and that they need to be empowered to be adaptive and apply modern technology solutions. Any reform effort is doomed if this aspect is not addressed sufficiently well in the water sector, as it has been established in this dissertation that there is a clear link between effective leadership and excellent water governance and management. The study is not intended to be prescriptive nor can it claim to be exhaustive, as the researcher continually discovered. In many instances, it may introduce water governance complexities under a LGDA administration and political management system that are unwarranted – and misplaced idealism is always a problem. Thus, for water services to remain a viable "instrument of humanity" especially at a municipal level, it is concluded that more effective competency-based water councillor education and training (CBWCE&T) programmes are required to equip current and future councillors with the water governance skills and intellectual competencies to address the complex challenges they face. The essence of the CBWCE&T is that developmental water services need to engage in a broader governance agenda integrated with other basic services and mutually reinforcing areas of social adaptive capacity to water scarcity under the LGDA. Researchers in the water sector have neglected the hydropolitical role of councillors in determining water governance and the use of water for socioeconomic and developmental outcomes now subsumed under various poverty eradication policies. The unique contribution of this dissertation is that it focuses on this critical role of councillors and the skills they need to execute water governance institutional oversight role. The researcher makes recommendations for enriching the hydropolitical sociology of local government studies, to match the skills requirements, given the complexity of the LGDA and the numerous challenges for councillors in WSAs in the Northern Cape.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beskryf en ontleed die waterregerings- en ontwikkelingswaterdienste onderwys- en opleidingsbehoeftes van raadslede betrokke by waterdienste owerhede (WSAs) in die Noord-Kaap provinsie wat hulle in staat sal stel om hulle verantwoordelikhede na te kom soos vereis deur die wetlike raamwerk van die nuwe bedeling in Suid-Afrika. Die nuwe Suid-Afrikaanse Grondwet het 'n wetlike raamwerk ingelei wat ontwikkelingswatervoorsiening en sanitasie geriewe, synde basiese dienste, erken as plaaslike owerheidsaangeleenthede; dit funksioneer ook terselfdertyd ingevolge 'n soortgelyke wetlike bevoegdheid op nasionale en provinsiale vlak. Die Wet op Waterdiensteverskaffing, Nr 108 van 1997, asook verskeie daaropvolgende wette deur die Parlement vorm die ruggraat van die plaaslike owerheidsontwikkelingsagenda (LGDA), of te wel, die modernisasie van plaaslike owerheid, in Suid-Afrika. Hierdie wette en beleide het gesamentlik die LGDA bepaal en die afskeid toenemend gekenmerk van 'n seleksie, rekrutering, en aanwending van raadslede wat sonder minimum ingenieurs- en tegniese vaardighede in water- en infrastruktuurbeplanning en -ontwikkeling hul portefeuljes beoefen. Hierdie verwikkelings plaas sonder uitsondering nuwe leierskapsverantwoordelikhede op 'n spektrum van hidropolitieke raadslede in WSAs. Dit skep ook die behoefte aan 'n hergedefinieerde model vir verteenwoordiging deur raadslede wat volgens Sartori (1968: 465) verander van "ooreenkoms na openbare vermoë, aanspreeklikheid en reagerend". Die huidige stoffasie en soort raadslede wat water protefeuljes beklee en die infrastruktuurbeplanning en ontwikkeling laat die gedagte ontstaan dat die land 'n leierskapskrisis tegemoet gaan wat die demokratiese waardes onderliggend tot die LGDA stelsel kan ondergrawe. Sonder doeltreffende, vernuwende, skeppende en toegewyde leierskap mag die teen-armoede strategieë kunsmatige oplossings bied eerder as om die wortel van die probleem aan te durf, naamllik die regeringskrisisse in WSAs. Gevolglik moet 'goeie regering' wat neerkom op radikale herstukturering van die beleid van rekrutering, seleksie, en aanwending in die huidige waterkrisis in die Noord-Kaap geaktiveer word om te dien as 'n "ontsmetter of antiseptiese middel in 'n kiem-besmette gebied" (Cloete 2006: 6-19). Om die analogie van 'goeie waterregering; verder te neem, kan gesê word dat die seleksie, rekrutering en aanwending van toepaslik gekwalifiseerde verteenwoordigers in massa waterinfrastruktuur- beplanning en -ontwikkeling mag lei tot 'n langtermyn hidropolitieke aanpassingsvermoë om proaktief te reageer op waterskaarsheid in die Noord-Kaap waardeur 'n onderskeidende stel waterregering waardes en beginsels alle burgers sal bevoordeel. Met die gebruik van gemengde metodes het die navorser bevind dat getuienis afkomstig van vergelykende literatuuroorsigte duidelik die belangrikheid van doeltreffende leierskap deur bevoegde en vaardige raadslede in water portefeuljes onderstreep. Dit is ook betekenisvol dat akademiese en onafhanklike studies die oorsigrol van raadslede in waterregering geïgnoreer het. Die debat konsentreer slegs op amptenare wat nie uitvoerende magte binne die LGDA en die administrasie het nie. Tog is dit duidelik dat die huidige waterkrisis, uiterste weerstoestande, klimaatsverandering, en proteste teen swak dienslewering geleentheid bied tot 'n herbedink van waterregering. Die proefskrif voer aan dat raadslede oor minimum ingenieurs- en tegniese kwalifikasies moet beskik en dat hulle bemagtig word om aanpassend te wees en moderne tegnologiese oplossings kan toepas. Enige hervorming sal tot mislukking gedoem wees indien hierdie aspekte nie voldoende in die water sektor aangespreek word nie. Dit is vasgestel in die proefskrif dat daar 'n duidelike skakel is tussen doeltreffende leierskap en uitmuntende waterregering en –bestuur. Soos voortdurend ontdek is in die verloop van die navorsing, is die studie nie voorskriftelik, en ook nie uitputtend nie. In vele opsigte bied die studie kompleksiteite aan in waterregering binne 'n LGDA administrasie en politieke bestuurstelsel wat verregaande is; en misplaaste idealisme is altyd 'n probleem. Daarom, vir waterdienste om 'n lewensvatbare 'instrument van menslikheid' te bly veral op die munisipale vlak, is die gevolgtrekking dat meer doeltreffende, bevoegdheidsgebaseerde waterraadslid onderwys en opleiding programme (CBWCE&T) vereis word. Hierdie programme het die oogmerk om huidige en toekomstige raadslede toe te rus met waterregeringsvaardighede en intellektuele bevoegdhede om die komplekse uitdagings wat hulle in die gesig staar, die hoof te bied. Die essensie van die CBWCE&T program behels dat, volgens die LGDA, ontwikkelingswaterdienste sal koppel met die breër regeringsagenda wat ander basiese dienste integreer met die uitdaging van waterskaarsheid deur sosiale aanpassingsvermoëns wat onderlinge ondersteuning vir die verskillende dienste aanbied. Navorsers in water sektor het die hidropolitieke rol van raadslede verwaarloos deur nóg aandag te gee aan hoe raadslede inhoud aan waterregering gee, nóg die gebruik van water vir sosio-ekonomiese en ontwikkelingsdoeleindes soos dit tans ingesluit in verskeie armoede-uitwissingsbeleide, te beklemtoon. Die besondere bydrae van die proefskrif is die beklemtoning van hierdie kritieke rol van raadslede en van die vaardighede wat hulle benodig om 'n institusionele oorsigrol in waterregering te vervul. Die navorser maak aanbevelings vir die verryking van die hidropolitieke sosiologie van plaaslike regeringstudie, om die vaardigheidsvereistes te ontmoet in die lig van die LGDA kompleksiteite en die talle uitdagings in WSAs in die Noord-Kaap.
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Machingauta, Naison. "A legal analysis of the appointment of caretakers to act as council in terms of Zimbabwe's section 80 of the Urban councils Act." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2565.
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Magister Legum - LLMThe monitoring and supervision of local government is usually done by central governments. However in some countries like South Africa where there three spheres of government the provincial executive is charged with the supervision of the local sphere of government. In Zimbabwe the monitoring and supervision of local government is done by the central government through the relevant Minister. This study will look at the appointment of a caretaker to act as council in terms of section 80 of the UCA. Although a similar provision exists in section 158 of the RDCA, it is section 80 that has been vigorously applied by the Minister in recent times and which has caused an outcry from urban local authorities.
South Africa
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Towongo, Oba Cicilia Tito. "Examining the role of local government County legislative council in promoting service delivery in South Sudan, case of Yei River County, Central Equatoria State." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007097.
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This Study was conducted in Yei River County, Central Equatoria State the Republic of South Sudan from July-December/2012 under the topic: Examining the role of Local Government County Legislative Council in promoting service delivery. The Legislative Council in Yei was established since 2007 inaccordance with the provisions of the Transition Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011:166, LG Act, 2009:8-29 and Governors’ Decree dated 25/August/2007 with the mandate to enact laws and policies and supervise the Executive to implement its decisions. The study investigated into why there was under performance of Legislative Council in promoting service delivery in Yei River County (YRC) and how can service delivery be improved in YRC. The findings revealed that, the capacity of the Council is low in making appropriate decisions and supervising the Executive to implement its decisions, it lacks the necessary working requirements to facilitate its duties, some of its directives are not implemented by the Executive and negative attitudes towards the work of the Council by some members of the Executive. Despite the difficulties encountered, the Council was able to enact 31 laws, conducted some joint consultative meetings on County projects and the study recommended that, the relevant institutions of Local Government to review the irregularities in the Local Government Act of 2009 to regulate the duties of the Council and to guide the recruitment of the future Councillors, training of the Councillors to improve performance, improve the working conditions of the Council, conduct public awareness on the role of the Council and promotion of exchange programs for further learning purposes. The significance of this study is that, the topic was good according to the participants, the recommendations of the study may be adopted by the Local Government Authorities to address the identified gaps and challenges facing the Council not only in Yei River County but also in other parts of the Country and finally, the report may be used by the University of Fort Hare for further Academic purposes and/or other interested individuals/institutions or organizations of the same or similar objectives.
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Andreas, Aili. "The effectiveness of financial decentralisation in Namibia: a case study of Oshana Regional Council." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95656.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.This study on the effective implementation of financial decentralisation in Namibia has explored how effective the development budget is utilised to address development challenges in Oshana Region. Namibia is faced with different development challenges of unemployment and unequal distribution of income, amongst other issues, and the government has introduced some initiatives to address these challenges. The implementation of the Enabling Decentralisation Policy (Decentralisation Act of 2000), which aims to transfer power, functions and resources to the regional government, can be regarded as a guideline to the effective utilisation of the development budget in Namibia. A qualitative methodology was used to explore the effectiveness of the development budget, since the findings of the research depended on the response of the participants. Financial decentralisation is a new concept in many countries, including Namibia. Purposive sampling was employed and the employees working with the development budget, especially those from the National Planning Commission at the Development Budget Sub-Division, Ministry of Regional, Local Government and Rural Development and the Oshana Regional Council – the custodians of the development budget - were the main sources to provide the required data. The results of the study indicate that there is a lack of proper monitoring mechanisms for the utilisation of development funds at both regional and central government level. Stakeholders from central and regional government do not have data and information of the total amount allocated and executed in Oshana region. The development budget in Namibia, despite the Decentralisation Policy, is highly centralised and institutions are working in isolation, which makes it challenging for the Regional Council of Oshana to effectively monitor utilisation of resources. Lack of capacity and highly complex institutional arrangements are perceived as the main possible challenges impeding the effective implementation of financial decentralisation and utilisation of the development budget in Oshana Region. It is recommended that Government address the challenges identified in this study.
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Mannya, Clement. "Stakeholder involvement in strategic planning and management at the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Council." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71840.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Local government in South Africa has gone through the transitional phase to become developmental with a number of challenges, one of the most prominent of which has been the lack of adequate financial resources to carry out various service delivery obligations. The lack of financial resources was one of the important reasons that led to local authorities being reduced from 843 to 284 municipalities through the process of re-demarcation that resulted in the consolidation of most of the local authorities. Because of these long standing challenges of financial viability, the objective of the study was to investigate stakeholder involvement in strategic planning and management within the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Council. It had become evident that existing financial constraints in municipalities in general and at Ekurhuleni in particular would remain for the foreseeable future, unless ways and means are found to improve the management of existing resources. The contention in this study is that the inclusion of stakeholders in strategic planning and management should be viewed as important to the Metro as it significantly lessens the doubt as to whether there is a common understanding of what is possible given the limited resource capacity to address many competing service delivery needs. The literature study undertaken showed that local government has learnt lessons from the private sector, and has adopted some of its strategic planning and management practices and adapted them to suit public service delivery needs. In South Africa the local government planning framework is called integrated development planning (IDP). The IDP approach entails the formulation of focused plans, based on developmental priorities. This approach assists in avoiding wasteful expenditure and perpetuating past spending patterns. Furthermore, the idea of adopting a more business-based approach does therefore not mean that the council is run like a company but rather that scarce resources are spent effectively and that all citizens have access to at least a minimum level of basic services. The IDP should be undertaken through participatory processes for effective urban management given the fact that private and public investments and municipal services delivery affect the well-being of all urban residents. Observation at the Ekurhuleni Metro revealed that while strategic planning and management does take place, it does not involve various stakeholders in the processes in a manner that is contemplated by the integrated development planning framework. The absence of a public participation strategy at the Metro meant that methods of engagement, consultation and communication with stakeholders are not clearly spelled out. So is the identification of various stakeholders in terms of the needs, the roles that they can play in the planning processes, allocation of resources to facilitate their participation and empowerment in various planning processes. It was the conclusion of the study that there is limited stakeholder involvement in strategic planning and management at the Ekurhuleni Metro.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Plaaslike regering in Suid-Afrika het deur ‘n oorgangsfase na ‘n ontwikkelings orientasie gevorder maar het ook ‘n aantal uitdagings bygekry. Die prominentste een hiervan is die gebrek aan fondse om die verskillende dienslewering verpligtinge na te kom. Die gebrek aan finansiële bronne was een van die belangrike redes vir die reduksie van plaaslike owerhede van 843 na 284 munisipaliteit deur die proses van her-afbakening wat gelei het tot die konsolidasie van die meeste plaaslike owerhede. In die lig van die lang-durige aard van die uitdagings van finansiële lewensvatbaarheid, ondersoek hierdie studie belanghebber betrokkenheid in strategiese beplanning en bestuur binne die Ekurhuleni Metropolitaanse Raad. Dit het duidelik geword dat die bestaande finansiële beperkings in munisipaliteite in die algemeen, en in Ekurhuleni in die besonder, so sal bly in die voorsienbare toekoms, tensy meganismes gevind kan word waarmee die bestuur van die bestaande bronne verbeter kan word. Die studie voer aan dat die betrokkenheid van belanghebbers in strategiese beplanning en bestuur as belangrik geag behoort te word in die Metro aangesien dit die onsekerheid oor ‘n gedeelde verstaan van wat moontlik is met die beperkte bronne kapasiteit in die hantering van die baie kompeterende diens behoeftes, verminder. Die literatuurstudie poog om aan te toon dat plaaslike regerings lesse geleer het by die privaatsektor en sommige van die stategiese beplanning en bestuurspraktyke opgeneem en aangepas het by die publieke diensleweringsbehoeftes. In Suid-Afrika word die plaaslike regering beplanningsraamwerke, geïntegreerde ontwikkelingsplanne genoem (IDP). Die IDP benadering vereis die formulering van gefokusde planne, gebaseer op ontwikkelingsprioriteite. Hierdie benadering vermy verkwistende uitgawes en die voortsetting van uitgawepatrone van die verlede. Verder beteken die aanvaarding van ‘n besigheidsgeoriënteerde benadering nie dat die raad soos ‘n besigheid bestuur word nie maar eerder dat skaars bronne effektief bestuur word en dat alle burgers ten minste toegang tot minimum dienste het. Die IDP behoort deur deelnemende prosesse uitgevoer te word ten einde effektiewe stedelike bestuur te verseker, gegee die feit dat private en publieke beleggings en minisipale dienste die welsyn van alle stedelike inwoners affekteer. Waarnemings by die Ekurhuleni Metro bring aan die lig dat, terwyl strategiese beplanning en bestuur wel plaasvind, dit nie verskillende belanghebbers op die wyse betrek wat in die geïntegreede beplanningsraamwerk voorsien word nie. Die afwesigheid van publieke deelname in die Metro het beteken dat meganismes van deelname, konsultasie en kommunikasie met belanghebbers nie duidelik gemaak word nie. Dieselfde geld vir die identifikasie van verskillende belanghebbers in terme van belanghebberbehoeftes, die rol wat hulle kan speel in die beplanningsprosesse, die toewysing van bronne en die bemagtiging van belanghebbers om hul deelname te verseker. Dit is die slotsom van die studie dat daar beperkte belanghebber betrokkenheid in strategiese beplanning en bestuur in die Ekurhuleni Metro is.
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Hlalukana, Simthembile Divillius. "The role of councillors in service delivery: the case of the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15082.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted at Intsika Yethu Local Municipality of Chris Hani District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province, in the Republic of South Africa. The study has as its main thrust: The role of councillors in service delivery: The case of the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality of Chris Hani District Municipality. This municipality consists of 21 wards and 21 ward councillors. The Preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, states that the injustices of the past have to be addressed and those who suffered for justice and freedom in the country should be honoured. The results of the 1994 national and 1995 local government elections marked a political breakthrough in South African politics. The new democratic and social reconstruction agenda necessitated the transformation of the legislative framework in various areas. The legislative prescriptions that underpin the operations and activities of municipal councillors in delivering public services to citizens and in ensuring the effective and efficient implementation of government policies are therefore crucial. In this study, the role of ward councillors in service delivery was interrogated and investigated to establish whether the Intsika Yethu Local Municipality community in Tsomo and Cofimvaba has benefited in accessing basic services. Furthermore, the study seeks to find ways through which the relationship between community and ward councillors could be managed to harmonise the relationship between them in order to improve service delivery in Intsika Yethu Local Municipality. In this regard, a legislative framework regulates and guides municipal councillors in performing their developmental duties to achieve local government developmental outcomes.
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Solomons, Gavin John. "Measuring the performance of the Integrated Development Plan in a selected metropolitan council in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2451.
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Thesis (MTech (Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.Cape Town has an extremely unequal society characterized by increased unemployment, and a lack of adequate and affordable service delivery for communities living on the Cape Flats including townships. Is the service delivery demand too big or doesn’t the City of Cape Town municipality have the capacity to cater for all communities within the municipal boundaries? Or is the municipal staff not performing as they are supposed to perform? The Integrated Development Plan can be described as the pivot upon which all development activities in a municipality revolve. The research project investigates the performance of the City of Cape Town Municipality’s IDP. The study further investigates the powers and duties given to people elected and appointed to implement this new South African local government vision of a free and prosperous South Africa for all to enjoy under the African sun. The most important tool in the municipality’s hands is the IDP. The IDP of a municipality is a map that a specific municipality wants to travel in that five-year period while they are in control of that municipality. The vehicle that drives human beings into a specific direction must be strong and able to succeed in pursuing the municipal vision.
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Tsibani, Fumene George. "A literature review of the water services education and training needs of councillors in local authorities within the context of developmental local government agenda with special reference to Northern Cape Province." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49825.
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Thesis (MPhil) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study describes and analyses the water services education and training needs of councillors in local authorities in the Northern Cape to enable them to implement their legislative framework in the new dispensation in South Africa. It is the proposition of this study that during the transitional period from 1994 to 2003 and thereafter, there is a likelihood of lack of capacity in most local authorities in the Northern Cape to execute their legislative requirements. This invariably imposes leadership responsibilities upon a range of stakeholders and councillors in Local Authorities (LAs), and creates the need for a redefined model of representation on the part of councillors "from resemblance to responsibility and responsiveness" (Sartori 1968: 465). Using literature review to analyse leadership responsibilities of councillors, four priority education and training (E&T) needs of councillors have been identified: • the need to understand water services policy and business cycle within the context of decentralisation and devolution of powers and functions • to local government; • the need for water services business programme management and planning skills; • the need to understand community participation in water services development plans and development processes; and • the need for conflict-resolution skills. Based upon inferences drawn from literature evidence, it is concluded that Local Government (LG) patterns of responses involving the application of managerial and analytical principles grounded firmly in the twentieth century Organisational Development (00) and public service management experience and thoughts, can neither explain nor remedy the complex variables of Local Government Developmental Agenda (LGDA) and/or the complex array of water crises that are unfolding in Northern Cape. Thus, for water services to remain a viable "instrument of humanity" especially at a municipal level, it is concluded that more effective E&T strategies are required to equip current and future councillors with intellectual water business tools to address the complex challenges that lie before them. Furthermore, an Outcomes Based Education (OBE) action-based strategy is offered as an alternative to the current traditional training approaches in Northern Cape. It is also clear from the researcher's interpretations and analysis of LGDA variables that the water services E&T needs and the relevant "gaps" identified are not simply questions of "how to do things". Rather an OBE action-based strategy under LGDA processes involves a fundamental reorientation of all participants in E&T programme for councillors that should be relevant to the special demands of the Northern Cape LAs and councillors. The researcher makes recommendations for enriching the sociology of LG studies, to match the skills requirements, given the complexity of LGDA and numerous challenges for competent and innovative councillors in LAs. Finally, this study is not intended to be exhaustive but rather to complement a number of education and training initiatives commissioned or under preparation by water sector stakeholders in line with Skill Development Act of 1998 and SAQA of 1995 (South African Qualifications Act) processes. KEYWORDS: Best Value Regime, Local Government Developmental Agenda, Spheres of government; local government; socio-economic & political dynamics in transition; decentralisation; constitutional powers and functions of local government; education and training (E&T) needs of councillors in water services; Northern Cape Province.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beskryf en ontleed die behoefte aan onderwys en opleiding (E&T) by raadslede in plaaslike owerhede in die Noordkaap, om hul moeilike taak te kan verrig in In veranderende beleidsomgewing in Suid Afrika. Die studie besin daaroor dat daar waarskynlik gedurende die oorgangstydperk vanaf 1994 tot 2003 en ook daarna, In tekort aan bevoedgheid om hul funksies te vervul, by heelwat plaaslike owerhede in die Noordkaap bestaan. Dit is deels In gevolg daarvan dat nuwe verantwoordelikhede op die skouers van die rolspelers en raadslede in plaaslike owerhede geplaas word. Die nuwe rol van raadslede word herdefinieer vanaf verteenwoordiging na verantwoording en optrede; "from resemblance to responsibility and responsiveness" (Sartori 1968: 465). Vier belangrike areas waar onderwys- en opleidingsbehoeftes ten opsigte van die leierskapsprofiel van Raadslede bestaan, is op grond van In literatuuroorsig ge'identifiseer: • die belangrikheid daarvan om beleid- en besigheidsaspekte van die lewering van waterdienste te verstaan teen die agtergrond van desentralisering en stelselmatige afwenteling van magte en funksies na die plaaslike owerheidsvlak; • die behoefte wat bestaan aan bestuurs- en beplanningsvaardighede met betrekking tot waterdienste en water-ekonomiese aspekte; • In begrip van die rol van die plaaslike gemeenskap in beplanning en uitvoer van ontwikkelingsprojekte vir die lewering van waterdienste; • konflikhanteringsvaardighede. Na aanleiding van die getuienis uit hierdie literatuurstudie word dit duidelik dat die heersende reaksie- en besluitnemingstyle van Plaaslike Owerheid (LG) wat spruit uit beginsels van organisasie ontwerp (00) wat dateer uit die vorige eeu en die staatsdienservaring en -denke van daardie era, nie die komplekse veranderlikes van die nuwe Plaaslike Owerheid Ontwikkelingsagenda (LGDA) kan verduidelik of aanspreek nie, en dus nie geskik is om In dreigende krisis in die Noordkaap te af te weer nie. am waterdienste in die toekoms as 'n voertuig vir die opheffing van agtergeblewe gemeenskappe te kan gebruik, veral op plaaslike owerheidsvlak, is dit belangrik dat huidige en toekomstige raadslede deur middel van effektiewe onderwys - en opleidingstrategiee toegerus word met water-ekonomie kennis en vaardighede. Sodoende sal hulle die komplekse uitdagings wat aan hulle gestel word, die hoof kan bied. 'n Aksie-gerigte strategie gefundeer op 'n uitkomsgebaseerde (aBE) kurrikulum, word voorgestel as plaasvervanger vir die huidige tradisionele onderwysbenadering in die Noordkaap. Dit is duidelik uit die outeur se interpretasie en ontleding van LGDA veranderlikes, dat die ge"identifiseerde onderwys- en opleidings behoeftes en gapings 'n heeltemal nuwe benadering vereis. Die benadering behels 'n deurdagte herorienterinq tot opleidingsprogramme vir raadslede in plaaslike owerhede (LG) in die Noordkaap. Die studie dra by tot die sosiologie van plaaslike owerheidstudie, en wys op die vaardighede, vermoens en innovasie-eienskappe van raadslede wat benodig word om die kompleksiteit van LGDA en die uitdagings in plaaslike owerhede aan te spreek. Ten slotte is die studie nie bedoel om volledig te wees nie maar om wei 'n bydrae te lewer tot die onderwys- en opleidingsinisiatiewe wat voortspruit uit die aksies van belanghebbendes in die water sektor in ooreenstemming met die Wet op Vaardigheidsontwikkeling (1998) en SAKWA (1995).
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Santos, Alberto Kirilauskas Rodrigues dos. "Gestão municipal participativa: uma análise do papel do Conselho Municipal do Meio Ambiente de Ubatuba no processo de revisão do zoneamento ecológico-econômico do Litoral Norte paulista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-14032018-104233/.
Full textAbstract:
O intenso processo de urbanização decorrente de um crescimento populacional acelerado da zona costeira paulista, região dotada de grande riqueza socioambiental, impõe desafios para a construção e implementação de políticas públicas que evitem ou mitiguem os impactos socioambientais negativos. Com vistas a ordenar esse desenvolvimento, foram criados os Planos de Gerenciamento Costeiro, inicialmente no âmbito federal na década de 80 e 90 e, posteriormente, no estado de São Paulo, em 1998. Inserido no conjunto de instrumentos existentes nesses planos, aquele de maior relevância é o Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico (ZEE), que objetiva orientar o uso do solo em escala regional. No Litoral Norte paulista, o município de Ubatuba constitui um caso pertinente para o estudo da revisão do ZEE, em particular considerando o lugar de seu Conselho Municipal do Meio Ambiente (CMMA), composto por representantes do poder público e da sociedade civil organizada, neste processo. Essa região do litoral paulista, composta também por Caraguatatuba, Ilhabela e São Sebastião, possui um ZEE datado de 2004, que de acordo com as normas legais deve ser revisado a cada dez anos. Desse modo, a presente dissertação visa analisar o papel do CMMA nesse processo de revisão, observando que os conselhos de políticas públicas são entendidos como espaços promissores de aprofundamento democrático.The intense urbanization process resulting from an accelerated population growth in the coastal zone of São Paulo, a region with great social and environmental wealth, poses challenges for the construction and implementation of public policies that avoid or mitigate negative social and environmental impacts. In order to order this development, the Coastal Management Plans were created, initially at the federal level in the 1980s and 1990s and later in the state of São Paulo in 1998. Included in the set of instruments in these plans, relevance is the Ecological-Economic Zoning (ZEE), which aims to guide land use on a regional scale. In the North Coast of São Paulo, the municipality of Ubatuba is a relevant case for the study of the review of the EEZ, in particular considering the place of its Municipal Environmental Council (CMMA), composed of representatives of public power and organized civil society, in this process. This region of the coast of São Paulo, which also includes Caraguatatuba, Ilhabela and São Sebastião, has a ZEE dating from 2004, which according to the legal norms should be reviewed every ten years. Thus, the present dissertation aims at analyzing the CMMA\'s role in this revision process, noting that the public policy councils are understood as promising spaces for democratic deepening.
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Wiklander, Per-Ola. "Kommunal redovisning : En rättsvetenskaplig studie." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-42557.
Full textAbstract:
Swedish municipalities are obliged to continually and annually account and disclose information in certain accounting reports. The accounting obligation for municipalities is set forth in the Swedish Local Government Act. Since the year 1998 there is also a Local Government Accounting Act (LGAA) in place. In accordance with LGAA a requirement on all accounting is that it needs to be established in line with Swedish General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). At the same time as LGAA came into effect, the state and the municipal federations established a new standard-setting body. It had, and still has, the task to publish recommendations with the body’s view on how municipalities should account in accordance with Swedish GAAP. The body received the name The Council for Municipal Accounting, CMA. In this study the complex of norms that is of certain importance for Swedish municipalities when they account are analysed. Questions that are analysed are e.g. what position and function the standard-setting body CMA and the body’s recommendations have in a legal context. Another question that is analysed is how the regulation for municipalities should be understood in relation to the regulation for private sector. Some of the conclusions in the study are that there is a possibility to identify a Swedish GAAP for Municipalities which has its own systematic. The legal control of whether municipalities account in accordance to Swedish GAAP is weak though. When evaluating what should be seen as Swedish GAAP for municipalities, there is a presumption that the recommendations from CMA are the correct interpretations, even though the recommendations in line with the constitution can not be seen as any form of binding law. In light of this, the strength of the presumption is somewhat unclear, but should not be seen as strong as the equivalent presumption that recommendations from standard-setting bodies in private sector are the correct interpretation of Swedish GAAP.Sveriges kommuner och landsting har sedan länge varit skyldiga att redovisa utfallet av sin verksamhet. Det kommunala redovisningsområdet har gått från att vara i stort sett oreglerat, till en reglering som under de senaste två decennierna utvecklats i väsentlig grad. Dagens reglering är emellertid inte okomplicerad utan ger upphov till ett flertal intressanta rättsliga frågeställningar, bland annat frågan om vilken rättslig ställning som kan tillskrivas olika typer av normer inom området. I denna rättsvetenskapliga studie analyseras, systematiseras och utvärderas regleringen som berör den kommunala redovisningsskyldigheten, särskilt i ljuset av att redovisningen ska upprättas i enlighet med den rättsliga standarden god redovisningssed. Undersökningen omfattar flera rättsområden där konstitutionella, kommunal- och redovisningsrättsliga frågor behandlas parallellt. Inom ramen för undersökningen utvärderas bland annat förhållandet mellan lagstiftningen och den s.k. kompletterande normgivningen, både ur ett principiellt perspektiv och genom en särskild undersökning av fyra utvalda redovisningsfrågor. De fyra redovisningsfrågor som behandlas är redovisningen av materiella anläggningstillgångar, bidrag till infrastruktur, pensionsåtagandet samt den sammanställda redovisningen.
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Kabagambe, Agaba Daphine. "Analysing human rights accountability towards ending preventable maternal morbidity and morality in Uganda." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6304.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor Legum - LLDThe persistence of preventable Maternal Morbidity and Mortality (hereafter MMM), in the developing world, despite ground breaking technological and scientific advances, is unacceptable. There is no cause of death and disability for men between ages 15 and 44 that comes close to the large scale of maternal mortality and morbidity. Thus, the prevalence of high MMM ratios indicates the side-lining of women's rights. Surprisingly, the causal factors of preventable MMM and interventions needed to reverse the pervasively high numbers are now well known. Yet, hundreds of women continue to die daily and to suffer lifelong illnesses while giving birth. In Uganda, despite various regulatory, policy and programmatic strategies, the most recent survey revealed that the maternal mortality ratios were at a staggering 438 per 100,000 live births.
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Mama, Nolwandle Mickey. "Performance management : a practical way to re-aligning management styles, practices and competencies to improve organisational performance at Amatola District Council." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52400.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.The aim of this study was to review the current status of the Performance Management system at Amatola District Council. A study of material and a case study on the implementation of the system at Amatola District Council is described. The performance management model designed by Good People Management has been applied and described in the text. The research results indicate that the majority of staff supports and understand the process. However, feedback and the attitudes of female employees thereof are highlighting red signals. This creates a completely new area of research of which the writer is only highlighting the issue for further research. Linking of performance management with compensation comes up as an issue, understandably so because the Council has agreed not to link the two processes. Recommendations on how to improve the system have been put forward.
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Ndudula, Mziwoxolo Rutherford. "An analysis of the politics-administrative interface and its impact on delivery of municipal services: a case of the Mnquma Local Municipality." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007043.
Full textAbstract:
The study took a qualitative approach to the analysis of the effect of the politics-administrative interface on municipal service delivery. It was a case study of the Mnquma local municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. The researcher developed a keen interest in researching on the topic because the political infighting and clashes between politicians and administrators of the municipality have caused a public outcry for the root causes of the infighting to be effectively addressed and redressed. It is hoped that the findings and recommendations of the study will help, reshape public policy implementation, service delivery and fostering of mutual cooperative relations between politicians and administrators both at local government level and any other sphere of government in South Africa. The study, is categorized into five chronological chapters, with chapter one (introduction and background), chapter two (literature review), chapter three (research design and methodology), chapter four (data analysis, interpretation and presentation) and chapter five (conclusions and recommendations). The researcher used a sample size of 40 respondents who were selected using snowball sampling, a non-random sampling design spread accordingly over both politicians and administrators. Data collection was made possible through an open-ended questionnaire, interviews, observations and documentary analysis. Various reports and media statements were also used to augment this empirical study. The study also used an in-depth qualitative data analysis technique which was descriptive in nature and the study made numerous deductions and findings based on the collected and collated data. Findings of the study were, inter alia, too much politicization of the public sector, interference between politicians and administrators into each other’s affairs and vice versa and adverse effects of cadre deployment which are damaging service delivery. The study made numerous recommendations which included, inter alia, training and development of administrators and politicians on their respective roles and responsibilities, enforcement of the politics-administrative interface as a mutually beneficial approach to service delivery, need for proper interpretation of Acts and policy documents and the enforcing of section 139 interventions into municipalities.
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Kalimeri, Vasiliki. "Le Conseil de l'Europe et les collectivités territoriales : contribution à l'étude de l'autonomie locale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D052.
Full textAbstract:
Le Conseil de l'Europe est la première organisation internationale à avoir intégré l'acteur infra-étatique dans son action. À travers l'institution de la Conférence permanente des pouvoirs locaux et régionaux, devenue plus tard Congrès des pouvoirs locaux et régionaux, organe pleinement consacré à l'échelon infra-étatique, le Conseil a réussi à octroyer une place institutionnelle particulière aux collectivités territoriales au sein de l'organisation. En même temps, le Conseil dispose de tout un système intergouvernementale, composée des comités et des conférences ministérielles qui s'occupent des sujets relatifs à l'autonomie et à la démocratie locale. De son appareil fonctionnel, il ne reste que la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme qui semble fermer la voie d'accès aux collectivités territoriales en les assimilant à des organisations gouvernementales, rejetant ainsi leur recours. Mais, tel n'est pas le cas de l'Union européenne qui a adopté un comportement différent envers les entités infra-étatiques selon le type de recours. Le Comité des régions, organe équivalent au Congrès des pouvoirs locaux et régionaux au niveau de l'Union européenne, semble s'orienter vers les aspects économiques du développement de l'acteur plutôt régional. En outre, hormis la dimension institutionnelle, le Conseil de l'Europe a également démontré une grande activité normative, en élaborant des textes qui traitent les activités des collectivités territoriales et mettent l'autonomie locale au cœur des diverses politiques pluridisciplinaires de l'Etat. L'autonomie locale devient ainsi une notion multi-facettes dont la nature juridique mérite d'être examinée, afin de vérifier si elle pourrait constituer un droit fondamental et acquérir, par conséquent, le niveau de protection qui lui convientThe Council of Europe is the first international organization to have integrated the sub-state actor in its action. Through the European Conference of local authorities, which later became the Congress of local and regional authorities and which is a body that focuses entirely on issues at the sub-state level, the Council of Europe pays particular attention to local and regional authorities. In parallel, the Council of Europe has set up an intergoverrunental mechanism composed by ministerial committees and· conferences, which are in charge of local self-government and local democracy-related issues. It is only the European Court of human rights that seems to black access for territorial communities by assimilating them to goverrunental organizations and thus rejecting their appeals. However this is not the case for the European Union, which treats sub-state entities differently, depending on their appeal type. The Committee of the Regions, which is an equivalent organ to the Congress of local and regional authorities in the framework of the European Union, seems to be more interested in the financial aspects of regional development. Putting aside the institutional dimension of the Congress of local and regional authorities, the Council of Europe shows an important standard-setting activity by elaborating conventions conceming the territorial communities' issues and it places local self-government in the heart of diverse state policies. Thus, local self-government has become a multifaceted notion, the legal nature of which needs to be examined in order to explore the possibility of constituting a fundamental right requiring protection. Over time, the Council of Europe has developed concrete mechanisms to control the respect of the local self-government commitments made by the member-states
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Khunou, Samuel Freddy. "A legal history of traditional leadership in South Africa, Botswana and Lesotho / by Khunou, Samuel Freddy." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1144.
Full textAbstract:
Aim of the study: The main aim of the study is to examine and pursue research
regarding the history and role of law in the disintegration of the institutions of
traditional leadership in South Africa, Botswana and Lesotho in order to make
recommendations regarding the challenges and opportunities facing traditional
authorities in these countries. The traditional systems, roles and functions of
these institutions are traced from the pre-colonial era up to the period of
democratic regimes in these countries. This study is based on the premises that
the jurisprudence of the institution of traditional leadership is as old as mankind
and that this institution is rooted in the rural soil of African communities.
Research Methodology: This study is based on legal comparative research with
reference to South Africa, Botswana and Lesotho. A literature survey of the most
important sources dealing with history, legislation and policy documents was
undertaken.
Conclusion and Recommendations: The institution of traditional leadership is
one of the oldest traditional institutions of governance in South Africa, Botswana
and Lesotho. During the pre-colonial era traditional authorities constituted an
important component in the traditional system of the administration of the
traditional community. Traditions placed a great amount of responsibility on
traditional leaders to look after the best interests of their communities. When the
colonial government took over the reigns of these three countries, they changed
the pre-colonial form and nature of traditional authorities. These colonial
governments exercised control over traditional leaders and allowed minimum
independence in their traditional rule.
The post-colonial governments of South Africa, Botswana and Lesotho retained
the institution of traditional leadership. The Constitutions of these countries
provide the legal framework for the recognition and functioning of the office of
traditional leaders. However, it has been noted in this study that the relationship
between the traditional leaders and the governments of these countries has been
a mixture of conflict and cordiality. One of the reasons for this uneasy
relationship between the traditional leaders and the central governments of these
countries is that the status, authority, power and functions of traditional leaders
have been reduced considerably when new institutions such as Local
Governments, Land Boards, District Councils and Village District Councils were
given powers and functions previously exercised by traditional leaders.
The post-colonial transformation of traditional leadership in these three countries
has led to a steep decline in the authority of traditional leaders. In order to
encourage active participation of the traditional leaders in the new democratic
structures and bodies, the institution of traditional leadership must be adapted to
the changing political, social and economic environments. Rural local
government bodies and the national governments of these countries should not
view the institutions of traditional leadership as competitors for political power.
The post-colonial governments of South Africa, Botswana and Lesotho should
introduce traditional leaders as equal partners in the development and
advancement of rural communities. In order to achieve this goal the governments
of these countries should empower and capacitate traditional leaders so that they
do not become misfits in the new constitutional and democratic settlements.Thesis (LL.D. (Indigenous Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Haddad, Maria, and Karolina Olsson. "Balanskravet : – En studie över hur två kommuner med olika ekonomiska förutsättningar hanterar balanskravet." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-9848.
Full textAbstract:
För att komma till rätta med kommunernas och landstingens mångåriga underskott i början av 1990-talet, infördes god ekonomisk hushållning år 1992 för att skapa balans mellan inkomster och utgifter. Då det inte finns någon tydlig definition på god ekonomisk hushållning infördes balanskravet år 1998 som ett komplement. Balanskravet innebär att intäkterna ska vara större än kostnaderna, det vill säga att ekonomin ska vara i balans. Grundtanken och syftet med införandet av balanskravet är att varje generation ska bära ansvar för de kostnader som den generationen beslutar om och konsumerar samt skapa en långsiktig stabil utveckling av ekonomin. Om en kommun inte får ekonomin i balans och redovisar underskott ska det negativa resultatet enligt 8kap 5a§ Kommunal Lagen kompenseras inom tre år om det inte föreligger synnerliga skäl och kan därmed frångå en budget i balans. Balanskravet fyller sin funktion men när balanskravet utformades tog inte lagstiftaren hänsyn till kommuner med stark ekonomi utan kravet är främst utformat för kommuner med svag ekonomi, vilket skapat inlåsningseffekter av överskotten från kommuner med stark ekonomi. Kritiken av balanskravets utformning har belysts än mer på grund av lågkonjunkturens effekt, och även gjort regeringen medveten om problemet. Därför finns det intresse att undersöka hur en kommun med stark respektive svag ekonomi hanterar balanskravet.
Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur Västerås kommun och Eskilstuna kommun hanterar balanskravet.
För att analysera och förstå hur de två utvalda kommunerna hanterar balanskravet utifrån deras ekonomiska förutsättningar har den kvalitativa metoden använts för att uppnå en djupare förståelse. Dessutom har den deskriptiva/induktiva metoden använts för att ta reda på varför de normativa teorierna inte varit framgångsrika i olika sammanhang. För att göra en jämförelse har en enhetlig analysmodell konstruerats för att påvisa kommunernas finansiella styrka.
Resultatet av undersökningen visar att Västerås kommun och Eskilstuna kommun har olika förhållningssätt till hur de hanterar balanskravet. Slutsatsen visar att balanskravet inte är utformat och anpassat för att hantera konjunktursvängningar. Även att kommuner med stark ekonomi hämmas av inlåsningseffekten, detta har gjort att kommunerna själva skapat egna lösningar som fyller olika funktioner inom respektive kommun. Dessa lösningar går inte att finna i förarbetena till regelverket, men grundtanken i lösningarna har varit densamma; att underlätta hanteringen av konjunktursvängningar och komma runt inlåsningseffekterna.
To cope with the municipalities and county councils perennial deficits in the early 1990s, the concept of good financial management was inserted in 1992 to create a balance between income and expenditure. When there is no existing clear definition of the concept good financial management, introduced as a complement a specific demand of balance in 1998. The demand of balance means that revenue shall be larger than the costs, that are the economy shall be in balance. The basic idea and intent with insertion of demand of balance is that each generation in the municipalities, shall take responsibility for the cost they decides whether and consume, and create a long-term stable development of economy. If a municipalities not achieve to get the economy in balance and declare a deficit, shall the negative outcome according 8kap 5a§ Local Government Act compensated within three years unless there is no existing especial reasons, and can therefore depart from a budget in balance. The demand of balance satisfies its own intent and basic idea, but when the demand of balance was explicate did not the lawmaker make allowances to municipalities with a strong financial position. The demand of balance is specific explicated for municipalities with a weak financial position, which created the lock-in effects of the surpluses for municipalities with a strong financial position. Criticism of the demand of balance has been elucidated more because of the impact of the recession effect, and also made the Government aware about the problem. There is therefore of interest to investigate how a municipality with a strong respective a weak financial position manage the demand of balance.
The purpose of the study is to investigate how Västerås municipality and Eskilstuna municipality manages the demand of balance.
To analyze and understand how the two selected municipalities manage demand of balance based on their economic prerequisites have the qualitative methodology been applied to achieve a deeper understanding. In addition, the descriptive/inductive method used to determine why the normative theories have not been successful in different contexts. To make a comparison, a unified analytical model has been designed to demonstrate the financial strength of the municipalities.
The results of the study show that Västerås municipality and Eskilstuna municipality has different approaches to how they manage the demand of balance. The conclusion indicates that the demand of balance is not explicated and adapted to handle cyclical fluctuations. Although the municipality with a strong economy is hampered by the lock-in effect, this has meant that the municipalities created their own solutions that serve different functions in each municipality. These solutions cannot be found in the legislative history of the regulatory framework, but the basic idea of the solutions has been the same; to facilitate the handling of cyclical fluctuations and get around the lock-in effects.
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Herbinet, Vincent. "Les espaces du catholicisme francais contemporain : dynamiques communautaires polarisées et recompositions d’un paysage religieux éclaté : (1980-2013)." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2040.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse vise à analyser dans la contemporanéité (1980-2013) la trajectoire du catholicisme, dans le sillage de la microhistoire, par l’étude de ses acteurs, de ses territoires et de ses communautés, des modes de gouvernement ecclésial. Nous mettrons en lumière le paradoxe du tissu de l’Eglise locale qui se dilate et se morcelle, mais aussi se contracte et se polarise, obligeant l’Ordinaire, dans son gouvernement, à penser un changement de paradigme : passer du défi de la proximité à celui de l’unité, compte tenu de la pluralité des communautés et des territoires associés. Nous étudierons, pour appuyer nos analyses, les diocèses de Rennes, Autun et Fréjus-Toulon. Un glissement de la logique d’enclos à la dynamique de pôles centralisateurs sera appréhendé, parfois en tensions, par les acteurs d’Eglise, à la lumière de quatre enjeux structurant l’argumentation : le « biotope » (rural/urbain), la diversité communautaire, le militantisme et la question de l’identité (statuts des clercs, coresponsabilité, modalités de l’évangélisation, communautarisme…).L’histoire et la géographie sociale permettront de renouveler les problématiques de l’appartenance spatiale et religieuse en partant d’interrogations sur le territoire selon des indicateurs précis : réseaux de fidèles et des militants, apport des nouvelles communautés (effectifs, choix pastoraux, gouvernement), options épiscopales en faveur de tel territoire ou tel groupe ecclésial… Pour l’historien, l’espace peut être considéré comme un outil heuristique, dans lequel des changements d’échelle se sont imposés dans le temps court. En délimitant nos recherches (1980-2013), nous voulons nous attarder à l’intérieur d’espaces qui ne possèdent plus la relative homogénéité que l’histoire leur prêtait avant le XXème siècle.Nos recherches s’inscrivent dans une structure en trois parties. La première partie se veut avant tout contextuelle, à la lumière de la postmodernité et de la sécularisation qui modifient les modes d’appartenance à une religion déclarée par beaucoup en soins palliatifs. Nous analyserons les liens étroits entre le catholicisme et ses modes d’insertion territoriale (rural/urbain) à partir de nos diocèses de référence. Nous présenterons les dé/recompositions des formes de militantisme dans le diocèse de Rennes, terreau d’Action catholique de plus en plus stérile et laissant la place à une militance familialiste très urbaine.La seconde partie de la thèse abordera les enjeux de la gouvernance ecclésiale dans les trois diocèses d’étude. Nous étudierons, dans le temps court, l’évolution du « munus regendi » des évêques et des prêtres avec le croisement des générations, avec le principe de coresponsabilité et le développement différencié selon les diocèses du diaconat permanent et des laïcs en mission ecclésiale. Nous développerons tout particulièrement le cas toulonnais pour lequel peu d’études approfondies ont été réalisées.Enfin, la troisième partie mettra l’accent sur la problématique du développement croissant d’un catholicisme attestataire polarisé en quête de visibilité. Nous analyserons la genèse du Renouveau et sa trajectoire dans le diocèse de Rennes. Nous nous pencherons particulièrement sur la communauté de l’Emmanuel, sur sa promotion de la nouvelle évangélisation et l’intégralisme de ses modes pastoraux. Ensuite, fort d’une certaine fécondité sacerdotale et d’un dialogue chaotique avec Rome (Motu proprio en 1988 et 2007), la galaxie traditionaliste très hétéroclite reste le cadre de mutations contemporaines que nous étudierons dans les diocèses de Rennes et d’Autun. Enfin, nous changerons d’échelle en nous focalisant sur la ville-sanctuaire de Paray-le-Monial, pôle militant et laboratoire incubateur d’un « nouveau catholicisme », sur l’articulation entre les différents territoires (ville, sanctuaire, paroisse) et les acteurs en placeThis thesis aims at analysing, in the contemporary world (1980-2013), the trajectory of catholicism, in the wake of microhistory, through the study of its actors, its territories and its communities, the modes of ecclesial government. We will highlight the paradox of the fabric of the local Church which expands and fragments, but also contracts and polarizes, forcing the Ordinary, in his government, to think of a paradigm shift: from the challenge of proximity to the one of unity, taking into account the plurality of communities and associated territories. To support our analyses, we will study the dioceses of Rennes, Autun and Frejus-Toulon. A shift from the logic of enclosures to the dynamics of a centralizing pole will be apprehended, sometimes in tension, by Church actors, in the light of four issues structuring the argument: « biotope » (rural/urban), community diversity, activism and the question of identity (status of clerics, co-responsibility, modalities of evangelization, communautarism...).History and social geography will enable us to renew the problems of spatial and religious belonging by starting from questions about the territory according to precise indicators: networks of the faithful and militants, the contribution of new communities (numbers, pastoral strategies, government), episcopal options in favour of a particular territory or ecclesial group... For the historian, space can be considered as a heuristic tool, in which changes of scale have been imposed in short time. By delimiting our research (1980-2013), we want to focus on the interior of aeras that no longer possess the relative homogeneity that history lent them before the 20th century.Our research are presented in a three-part structure. The first part is intended above all to be contextual, in the light of postmodernity and secularization, which modify the modes of belonging to a religion declared by many in palliative care. We will analyse the close links between Catholicism and its modes of territorial integration (rural/urban) from our dioceses of reference. We will present the recompositions of the forms of militancy in the diocese of Rennes, a breeding ground for Catholic Action that is increasingly sterile and leaving room for very urban familyist militancy.The second part of this thesis will address the issues of ecclesial governance in our three dioceses of study. We will study, in the short time, the evolution of the « munus regendi » of bishops and priests with the crossing of generations; with the principle of co-responsibility and the differentiated development according to the dioceses of the permanent diaconate and of the laity in ecclesial mission. We will particularly develop the Toulon case for which few in-depth studies have been carried out.Finally, the third part will focus on the problem of the growing development of a polarized Catholic witness in search of visibility. We will analyze the genesis of the Renewal and its trajectory in the diocese of Rennes. We will look particularly at the Emmanuel community, its promotion of the new evangelization and the fundamentalism of its pastoral modes. Then, with a certain priestly fruitfulness and a chaotic dialogue with Rome (Motu proprio in 1988 and 2007), the very heterogeneous traditionalist galaxy remains the framework of contemporary mutations that we will study in the dioceses of Rennes and Autun. Finally, we will change scale by focusing on the city-sanctuary of Paray-le-Monial, militant pole and laboratory incubator of a « new Catholicism », on the articulation between the various territories (city, sanctuary, parish) and the actors in place
La modernidad desafía "parroquia civilización". Los cambios en espacial e institucional llevada a cabo por la Iglesia católica, entre ellos diócesis, son simples adaptaciones renovadas o por el contrario, inauguran un proceso de desarrollo en el centro de nuevas áreas de distribución, en particular con el creciente impacto de los nuevos jugadores? Las iglesias se vacían todas partes en Francia, pero las comunidades y diócesis han recuperado algunos lugares para hacer los pilares de las nuevas formas de práctica religiosa, si es posible, la supervivencia no sólo de la institución, sino también la transmisión de la fe. ¿Cuál es el proceso? ¿Es sostenible en el tiempo? ¿Con qué herramientas?
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David, Joseph Edward. "The management of change in local government : a case study of the north local council." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3692.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation a study of the management of change in local government is undertaken with specific focus on the North Local Council area of the Durban Metropolitan Council. In the previous era municipalities were structured to coincide with the system of separate development under apartheid. The new democratic order in South Africa at national and provincial levels ushered in the need to transform municipalities in various ways as follows: From a system of apartheid to a system of democracy. From being financially unsustainable to being sustainable. From merely providing basic services to being developmental in nature. From being tiny enclaves to covering broader catchment areas. From doing isolated land use planning to undertaking integrated development planning holistically. From being the sole service provider of municipal services to being service facilitators in certain instances. From being the regulator of development to being the facilitator of development. The above challenges were presented to all the roleplayers in municipal government to transform municipalities to meet these challenges. Change impacts on everyone in one way or another within the system that has changed. In a public environment this could mean millions of people. Municipal government was programmed to change over three phases, namely, the pre-interim phase, the interim phase and the final phase of transformation. Municipal government is currently in the interim phase of transformation and will reach the final phase of its transformation after the next municipal elections which are expected to take place any time between November 2000 and February 2001. During the apartheid era municipal government had numerous failings. The system of separate development saw the White minority having the best land which was close to economic activities and tourist facilities much to the detriment of the Black majority who were only allowed to occupy land that was far from any economic activity. Based on this method of land allocation there were wealthy White municipalities and poor Black municipalities. Blacks, mainly the labourer class, contributed to the economic growth of White municipalities whilst the areas in which they lived lacked the infrastructure and other municipal services some distance away from where they worked. The challenge to transform municipalities means that the basic needs of people ought to be linked to economic activities. This is quite a challenge given the innumerable constraints in the environment. Separate developments coupled with abject poverty the majority of people suffered from, will take time to overcome. The Indians in Chatsworth, Whites in Umhlanga Rocks and the Africans in Kwa-Mashu will be with us for a long time to come. It must be accepted that real change to overcome the effects of apartheid will not happen overnight. It will take time. However, every effort must be made to speed up the process of change to enable South Africans to benefit sooner rather than later from its chosen course of democracy. The key to achieving this would be to integrate development for which integrated development planning is a prerequisite. This dissertation provides a historical overview of municipal government in South Africa during the apartheid era and thereafter proceeds to document the post apartheid transformation of municipalities, with special focus on the North Local Council of the Durban Metropolitan region. The study also documents and evaluates new legislation that will set municipalities on the 'final phase' in its transformation. The penultimate chapter is dedicated to 'change management' which includes the theory of change and the final chapter make's general conclusions and offers several recommendations. RECOMMENDATIONS: The following recommendations have been made at the end of the study. These include: ? Municipalities must be democratic and transparent Democracy and transparency must be prevalent at the local sphere of government before South Africans can claim that their country has transformed from the legacy of apartheid to a fully fledged democracy. The way municipalities are structured is therefore important to the measure of transparency and democracy that could be achieved. If, for example, they are too large, with vast areas that are inaccessible, democracy and transparency could be compromised. ? Municipalities must be financially viable For municipalities to be effective they must be financially viable. Many of the apartheid structured municipalities relied on the national government for their funding which was grossly insufficient. This position needs to be remedied in the restructuring and demarcation of municipalities so as to ensure their financial viability. ? Promote mixed use zoning of land wherever feasible Bringing people closer to their places of employment will reduce travelling time and costs as well as improve their social well-being. ? Recognise that each town or area will have features that are unique and must be taken into account in any transformation The legislature is required to establish a framework for the orderly transformation of municipalities from apartheid to democracy. In so doing the legislation must be flexible to enable people to live out their new found democracy. ? Change must be processed in manageable portions To enable change to be managed properly it must be processed in manageable portions to enable resources allocated to manage change cope. ? Any new system must be given adequate time to settle Change and especially major change takes time. It must be afforded the time to settle. For example, the Durban Metropolitan Council started to reap the benefits of its transformation in 1999 although the transformation process began in 1994 and took effect in 1995 with the establishment of the transitional councils. However, in March 1998 the national government pronounced that the transformation of municipalities across the country was inadequate and embarked on a new transformation process. ? Senior management must be made part of the change process The technical expertise and experience of senior management must be utilised by their councils during the transformation of municipalities. ? The organisation must fit reality on the ground Municipalities must be able to meet the requirements of its citizens and consumers. When municipalities are being transformed the realities on the ground must be taken into account. ? A process for change must be determined and then change must be implemented according to that predetermined process Change must be planned and managed and must be recognised as a process and not an event. ? Avoid organisational change that is ineffective Change is instituted to improve any given situation. If change does not improve the situation or makes it worse than it already is, then such change must be avoided.Thesis (MPA)-University of Durban-Westville, 1999.
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Khumalo, Balungile Judith-Anne. "Environmental management systems within local government : a case study of Msunduzi Council." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4515.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental management has increasingly become a critical approach for dealing
with environmental issues. Implicit in this, is the premise that for environmental
management to be effective, a systematic approach is imperative. For this reason,
environmental management systems have emerged as the strategy for organizations
within which environmental management initiatives are co-ordinated. While
environmental management systems (EMS) are a necessary and important tool to
achieve quality environmental performance and protection, experience with them
illustrates how their adoption and implementation are constrained by a number of
factors. EMS cannot operate in isolation. Rather, they need to be incorporated into an
organization's overall management strategy.
Using the Msunduzi Council as a case study, this study looks at the challenges and
complexities that local governments, tasked with the protection of the environment at
local level, encounter. The New England Road Landfill Site has been highlighted as a
section of the Msunduzi Council where an Environmental Management System is
entrenched.
Research methods used to obtain data comprised a workshop and key informant
interviews. Issues that emerged from the workshop informed and directed the analysis
of the data.
As research undertaken and conclusions drawn suggest, the adoption and
implementation of an Environmental Management Framework or System ensures that
environmental matters are tackled in a systematic and proactive manner within an
organization. This in turn promotes quality environmental management and
subsequently sustainable development.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2002.
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Tseng, Chuai-Yi, and 曾忠義. "A study of the relation between local council And government in speaker function―The example of Taoyuan County Council." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3d44u2.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
公共事務學系碩士在職專班
92
According to the requirements of Local Institution Law, authorities of a council speaker shall include a key authority of calling various meetings and presiding the meeting, including procedural committee, arranging the agenda and regulating the meeting pace, in addition to standing for the council before the public and taking charge of the council affairs; besides, upon any dispute on a meeting, a speaker also initiate a negotiation meeting for opponent members to figure out a compromising resolution through joint efforts. A speaker indeed functions as the very leading hub for a council. Optimal utilization of a local council’s authorities vested by law largely relies on the speaker’s effective taking charge and promotion; effective collaboration and joint efforts among council members relies speaker’s appropriate coordination as well as communication among them; and whether if a local government and council interact constructively and harmoniously absolutely relies on the speaker’s total devotion and influential power. Therefore, a speaker position actually serves as a platform, for role functions, that decides the positive or negative interactive relationships between the government and the council and the smooth or disturbed implementations of the local public affairs. This study aims at exploring an analyzing the job specification and role functions of a council speaker in the relationships between the local government and council through four facets: legislative case review and resolution, financial budget review, hearing and interrogations, and conflicts between government and council, taking Taoyuan County Council as an example. The study adopts both static methods such as literature review and comparison research and dynamic methods such as in-depth interview and participation observation, to ensure its wholesomeness; further the study also encompasses research through theoretical, legislative and practice aspects to ensure both rule of orders and practical operations are dealt with equally; and furthermore, the study tries to support and evidence the reliability of the results and data obtained from interviews, with conducting the current condition observation and site visits on the government – council relationships in Taoyuan County; then, the study presents some substantial and practicable suggestions for reference in pertinent decision-making and amending laws and also for facilitating constructive interactions between the county government and council of Taoyuan County. The study comes in six chapters beginning with basic concept and theoretical fundamentals of government – council relationships, giving a profile about the organization and authorities of county council and council speaker in Taiwan, then, conducting in-depth current conditions or status of the role functions of the council speaker in the government – council relationships and further empirical analysis, and finally presenting the twelve major findings and eight suggestions from this study for the interested researchers to take as reference in coming future.
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Huang, Ci-Chuan, and 黃啟川. "A Study of Local Government Budget Approval – Using Kaohsiung City Council as an Example." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41901479825154914809.
Full textAbstract:
碩士正修科技大學
經營管理研究所
95
This study used the 7th Kaohsiung City Council as an example and aimed its research analysis on the budget approval of local government. The purposes are as follows: (1) to investigate the influence of the changes of the multi-party political ecology towards Kaohsiung City Council budget approval process (2) to analyze the factors influencing budget approval (3) to proposed feasible reformative suggestions to the reasons of problems. Aside from collecting, organizing and analyzing related literatures, this study used survey method to obtain the suggestions of the Kaohsiung City councilors. From the results, the following conclusions were made: (1) city councilors value the budget approving work (2) the city councilors are not satisfied with the general budget compilation of the city government (3) the city councilors are not satisfied with the budget approval period and budgeting system (4) city councilors panel examination and second reading are the most important stages of budget approving (5) the external environmental pressure has a definite influence towards the general budget examination of the city councilors (6) the city councilors need assistance in many ways during the examination of the general budget (7) the city councilors have different viewpoints and opinions during the general budget approval because of the ruling party and the party out of power (8) the political parties plays an important decision-making role in the budget approving process. The recommendations and suggestions from the conclusions are proposed as references for relevant organizations.
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Sadiki, Madonoro Patrick. "Integrated local governance and development planning : a case study of the greater Louis Trichardt transitional local council." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5391.
Full textAbstract:
With apartheid having left an imprint of spatial fragmentation in the South African urban
and rural landscape, there is a major challenge in most places in South Africa to create
integrated systems of local governance. Achieving integration of the remnants of selfgoverning
territories, independent homelands, old provincial administrations and
tricameral structures, is very difficult. The new political dispensation has raised the
aspirations and expectations of both the rural and urban areas but more especially poor
rural dwellers. Transitional Local Councils, appointed in 1995, inherited the task of
integration and service delivery. This was to be achieved, in part, through the
fannulation of an Integrated Development Plan for each TLC.
This study examines local governance and development planning in the Transitional
Local Council area of Greater Louis Trichardt in the Northern Province. The study
provides a background to the history of urban planning and changing urban space in
South Africa and in Louis Trichardt in particular. Structuration theory, Local Economic
Development theory and literature on public participation and local governance, were
used to raise questions about the planning and delivery of development in Louis
Trichardt. These questions were then answered through an intensive and extensive
research process in which both the residents of the TLC area, and the members of the
TLC structures, were interviewed about their perceptions.
The study found that there are still major constraints to the achievement of effective
development, integration and service delivery in the Greater Louis Trichardt Transitional
Local Council area.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.
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Chi-Chung, Liu, and 劉啟崇. "To Analyze Local Government-Council Relationships from the Governance Approach – A Case Study on Tainan City." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55973371207374532439.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
政治經濟學研究所
95
The so-called “local government-council relationship” refers to the power working relationship between local administrative body and local legislative body. The final solutions of most local affairs cannot be formed without the interaction between government and council. Recently, under the impact from the thoughts of globalization, decentralization and democratization, the local citizens participate in public affairs highly and stress the improvement of the governance capability of local governments, thus adding a new variable to the local government-council relationships in Taiwan. The advent of the governance phenomenon is a response to the changes in the roles and functions of governments. Based on James H. Svara's "Council-Manager" model, this paper analyzes the development process of local autonomy in the past several ten years in Taiwan. Herein the government-council relationship of Tainan City is taken as an example, and the governance theoretical framework is introduced into the government-council relationship to review the development process of local government-council relationship and the changes in each stage. In the end, three models on the interaction between local governments and local councils in Taiwan, namely, “representative model”, “management model” and “governance model”, are brought forward to analyze the difference between the two parties in behavior and the development tendency, the problems and factors influencing the government-council relationship, and the possible approaches to solve the disputes between local governments and councils.
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Warioba, Letisia Moses. "Management of conflict in city and municipal councils in Tanzania with specific reference to Iringa municipal council and tanga city council." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/708.
Full textAbstract:
The study intended to investigate conflict management capacity in local government authorities (LGAs) in Tanzania. Specific objectives embrace to: identify types of conflict; find out causes of conflict within Tanzania LGAs; find out positive and negative effects of conflict; explore mechanisms available for conflict resolution; identify the problems encountered in resolving conflict; and recommend policy options and strategies for managing conflict in LGAs.
Research questions included: what types of conflict persist in the city and municipal councils in Tanzania?; to what extent does conflict lead to the strengthening or weakening of the relationship between the councilors and the permanent public officials?; and what are the available mechanisms for conflict resolution?
The study was conducted in Iringa Municipal Council and Tanga City Council using a case study design. This involved both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A total number of 1012 respondents constituted a study sample.
The research instruments included: observation, interviews, questionnaires, consultations with informants and informal discussions, focus group discussions and documentary reviews.
The study found that conflict existed in the councils because of factors like inadequacy of funds, lack of transparency, lack of accountability and low level of education among the councillors. The available mechanisms for conflict resolution included: mediation, disciplinary committees, meetings, informal discussions, seminars and guidance and counselling. However, these mechanisms were not effectively used in managing conflict.
Lastly, the respondents suggested measures for improving conflict resolution skills. They include: frequent meetings, provision of education and training, increased transparency, definition of roles through job descriptions, increased participatory decision-making, and increased sources of funds.Public Administration
D. Litt. et Phil. (Public Administration)
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SHING-HONG, LOU, and 羅憲宏. "A Study of the Interaction Relationship between Local Government and Council─ A Case Study of Taitung County." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36853083643762841221.
Full text