Journal articles: 'NMRP'

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Zhang, Zhang, Shigeho Takarada, and Sabee Molloi. "Quantification of coronary microvascular resistance using angiographic images for volumetric blood flow measurement: in vivo validation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 300, no. 6 (June 2011): H2096—H2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01123.2010.

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Structural coronary microcirculation abnormalities are important prognostic determinants in clinical settings. However, an assessment of microvascular resistance (MR) requires a velocity wire. A first-pass distribution analysis technique to measure volumetric blood flow has been previously validated. The aim of this study was the in vivo validation of the MR measurement technique using first-pass distribution analysis. Twelve anesthetized swine were instrumented with a transit-time ultrasound flow probe on the proximal segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Microspheres were injected into the LAD to create a model of microvascular dysfunction. Adenosine (400 μg·kg−1·min−1) was used to produce maximum hyperemia. A region of interest in the LAD arterial bed was drawn to generate time-density curves using angiographic images. Volumetric blood flow measurements (Qa) were made using a time-density curve and the assumption that blood was momentarily replaced with contrast agent during the injection. Blood flow from the flow probe (Qp), coronary pressure (Pa), and right atrium pressure (Pv) were continuously recorded. Flow probe-based normalized MR (NMRp) and angiography-based normalized MR (NMRa) were calculated using Qp and Qa, respectively. In 258 measurements, Qa showed a strong correlation with the gold standard Qp (Qa = 0.90 Qp + 6.6 ml/min, r2 = 0.91, P < 0.0001). NMRa correlated linearly with NMRp (NMRa = 0.90 NMRp + 0.02 mmHg·ml−1·min−1, r2 = 0.91, P < 0.0001). Additionally, the Bland-Altman analysis showed a close agreement between NMRa and NMRp. In conclusion, a technique based on angiographic image data for quantifying NMR was validated using a swine model. This study provides a method to measure NMR without using a velocity wire, which can potentially be used to evaluate microvascular conditions during coronary arteriography.

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Gurung, DB, BR Pandey, SR Upadhyay, B. Pokhrel, and JB Kshetri. "Heterosis and yield potentialities of promising maize hybrids suitable for Terai and inner Terai environments of Nepal." Agronomy Journal of Nepal 1 (February 3, 2013): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v1i0.7544.

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Heterosis has made a dramatic impact on the developing of breeding methods and high yields in many field crops during the 20th century. In general, heterosis is greatest in cross pollinated compared to self pollinated crops and thus widely exploited for hybrid cultivar development. Standard heterosis is one of the most important parameters in commercialization of maize hybrids. A new hybrid must be superior to the standard hybrids in terms of grain yield and other economic traits. We have analyzed four coordinated varietal trials of hybrids, 3 of which were conducted at NMRP, Rampur and another was tested at NMRP, Rampur and at ARS, Belachapi, Janakpur from 2006 to 2008 in order to determine the standard heterosis of the promising hybrids. The objective of this study was to evaluate hybrids under different production domains and to select superior hybrids for commercialization. Standard heterosis was calculated based on the best check hybrids and Indian commercial hybrids. The hybrids showed significant differences for grain yields and days to silking in all the trials. Standard heterosis of the tested hybrids ranged from - 39.4 to 47.8%. Most of the hybrids showed positive standard heterosis for grain yield. Hybrids namely; RML- 4/NML-2, RML-6/RML-8, NML-1/RML-8 in 2006 and RML-57/RL-174, NML-1/RML-6 and RL-197/NML-2 in 2008 had more than15% standard heterosis for grain yield evaluated at NMRP, Rampur. Hybrid between RML- 4/NML-2 had only shown positive standard heterosis in 2007 at NMRP, Rampur. RML-4/NML-2, NML-1/RL-17 and RL-111/RL-189 were superior hybrids, which had >15% standard heterosis across NMRP, Rampur and at ARS, Belachapi, Janakpur in 2008. Seed production aspect of these selected hybrids should be studied to develop a complete package of practices for F1 hybrid seed production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v1i0.7544 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 1: 2010 pp.67-73

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Song, Pengfei, Rong Guo, Wei Ma, Liyan Wang, Fangfang Ma, and Rongmin Wang. "Synthesis of CO2-based polycarbonate-g-polystyrene copolymers via NMRP." Chemical Communications 56, no. 66 (2020): 9493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc03665j.

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Zhang, Yan, Yufei Bian, Hui Niu, Yurong Wang, and Yang Li. "Synthesis of colorant-modified polystyrene copolymers with tailored structures for toner applications." RSC Advances 6, no. 106 (2016): 104407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra19607a.

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Charnock, Greig. "Competitiveness and Critique: The Value of a New-Materialist Research Project." Historical Materialism 16, no. 2 (2008): 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920608x276305.

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AbstractFollowing Marcus Taylor's critique of Paul Cammack's 'new materialism', this paper proposes a New-Materialist Research Project (NMRP) borne out of a synthesis of the insights of both open Marxism and Cammack's project. The rationale for this lies in the conviction that a more 'applied' focus upon specific forms of contemporary class practice can aid open Marxism to move beyond general and abstract critique, thereby making an original and critical contribution to our understanding of the contemporary management of global capitalism. While the proposed NMRP refutes the problematic theorisation of relative autonomy in Cammack's original proposal, it is argued that a more rigorously theorised NMRP can extend negative critique to the current activities of international regulative agencies. By focusing on the activities of such agencies – beginning with their discursive operations – it is possible to discern how contemporary forms of ideology operate in a retroactive manner, obfuscating and distorting the contradictions being played out across the world market; and also how such agencies are seeking to exercise unprecedented levels of intervention and control in the management of individual national 'capitalisms', and under the rubric of promoting 'competitiveness'.

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POPESCU, Cristina, Mihai BAILA, Cristina DAIA, Ioana ANDONE, Daniel SERBAN, Cristian RADUCANU, Mihaela MANESCU, and Gelu ONOSE. "Neuro-muscular rehabilitation approach with favorable results in a case of a tetraplegia after a cervical ganglioneuroma – case presentation." Balneo Research Journal, Vol.11, no.4 (December 5, 2020): 530–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2020.395.

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This is the case of a 52-year-old male patient with tetraplegia and muscle respiratory failure, due to an extradural compressive cervical ganglioneuroma (C1-C2), with a history of neurological symptoms for 3 years. The tumor was completely surgically removed and the patient followed a neuro-muscular rehabilitation program (NMRP) for 4 months, consisting of rehabilitation nursing, physical and occupational therapy. At the end of NMRP the patient’s achievements were: unilateral supported walking, partial autonomous daily living functioning, the improvement of quality of life and facilitation of social and professional participation. Keywords: ganglioneuroma, spinal cord tumor, neuro-muscular rehabilitation program, non-traumatic spinal cord injury, spinal cord compression,

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Hong, Linxiang, Junpo He, Yougen Chen, and Toyoji Kakuchi. "Synthesis of ABB′ and ABC star copolymers via a combination of NMRP and ROP reactions." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 21 (2016): 3599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py00401f.

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Song, Wenguang, Jian Huang, Cheng Hang, Chenyan Liu, Xuepu Wang, and Guowei Wang. "Synthesis of thermally cleavable multisegmented polystyrene by an atom transfer nitroxide radical polymerization (ATNRP) mechanism." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 46 (2015): 8060–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py01493j.

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Based on the common features of well-defined NRC reaction, ATRP and NMRP mechanisms, an atom transfer nitroxide radical polymerization (ATNRP) mechanism was presented, and further used to construct multisegmented PS_m embedded with multiple alkoxyamine linkages.

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Jaymand, Mehdi. "Synthesis and Characterization of Conductive Polyaniline-Modified Polymers via Nitroxide Mediated Radical Polymerization." Polymer Korea 34, no. 6 (November 30, 2010): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2010.34.6.553.

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Bhandari, Ghanashyam, Shiva Kumar Jha, Yagya Prasad Giri, Hira Kaji Manandhar, Pramod Kumar Jha, Nabaraj Devkota, Praseed Thapa, and Resham Bahadur Thapa. "Performance evaluation of locally developed black light trap for maize insects monitoring in Chitwan, Nepal." Journal of Maize Research and Development 3, no. 1 (January 5, 2018): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmrd.v3i1.18926.

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Till today, the light traps in Nepal are found using with traditional type, which have not being recognized internationally. These light traps were of low efficiency for trapping insects as compared to black light trap (BLT). The black light tube (F10T8/BL) was used in newly constructed trap at National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. Both traps were installed at the maize experimental field at NMRP during February to October, 2017. Data on insect numbers were recorded once in a week from dusk to down in two different days to minimize the light effects of each others. The total number of insects trapped in BLT was 2804 as compared to 868 in traditional light trap (TLT). Among the insect orders, Coleopterans were mostly trapped in BLT followed by Lepidopteron and Hemipterans. The results showed that the trapping efficiency of BLT was three fold higher than that of TLT. Therefore, black light trap was highly effective monitoring tool and its field applications are expected to be commercialized.

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Subedi, Subash, Saraswati Neupane, Keshab Babu Koirala, and Lokendra Oli. "Evaluation of maize genotypes against post flowering stalk rot under terai region of Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i1.33276.

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The inadequate source of resistance materials in maize against major biotic stresses is one of the main reasons for considerable loss of grain yield in Nepal. Post flowering stalk rot disease caused by Fusarium moniliforme is a serious disease that exposes high incidence at grain filling stage of maize in terai region of Nepal during summer season. This study was done to evaluate level of resistance, or tolerance in selected genotypes against the post flowering stalk rot disease of maize. Accordingly, thirty maize genotypes were tested for maize stalk rot resistance during summer season of 2016 and 2017 at National Maize Research Program, Rampur (NMRP), Chitwan. The experiment was done under natural epiphytotic condition at hot spot of the disease by using Randomized Complete Block design with 2 replications for each treatment. The package of practices was followed as per national recommendation. The summer season of 2016 and 2017 were affable for post flowering stalk rot of maize at NMRP, Rampur. Out of 30 genotypes, most of the tested entries showed susceptible reaction during both the years; however, RML-95/RML-96, Across-9942/Across-9944, ZM-401, Rampur 34, RamS03F08 and TLBRS07F16 showed resistant reaction against the disease and might be useful for the development of post flowering stalk rot resistant maize varieties for terai region of Nepal.

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Scott, Alison J., Afsaneh Nabifar, and Alexander Penlidis. "Branched and Crosslinked Polymers Synthesized through NMRP: Quantitative Indicators for Network Homogeneity?" Macromolecular Reaction Engineering 8, no. 9 (May 19, 2014): 639–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mren.201400004.

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Scott, Alison J., Mark D. Hazlett, Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima, and Alexander Penlidis. "D-Optimality in Model-Based Experimental Designs: Applications in NMRP of Styrene." Macromolecular Reaction Engineering 9, no. 3 (February 19, 2015): 205–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mren.201400060.

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Messerschmidt, Martin, Liane Häußler, Brigitte Voit, Tilo Krause, and Wolf-Dieter Habicher. "Synthesis of Boc protected block copolymers based on para-hydroxystyrene via NMRP." Macromolecular Symposia 210, no. 1 (March 2004): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200450613.

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Neupane, S., and S. Subedi. "Climatic Factors Affecting The Population Dynamics Of Lentil Aphid In Inner Terai Region Of Nepal." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 17, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v17i2.45302.

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Population dynamics of lentil aphid Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was assessed in relation with climatic parameters at the research field of National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan during winter season of two consecutive years 2016 to 2018. The experiment was organized in randomized complete block design consisting 20 lentil varieties with three replications. The crop was sown during last week of November in both the years. The daily meteorological parameters like maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), relative humidity (RH) and rainfall (Rf) were recorded at the meteorological station located in NMRP, Rampur, Chitwan and then converted into weekly basis as the standard meteorological week (SMW) with correspondence to weekly population of aphid. The incidence of aphid was started from 2nd SMW of January (2 aphid/plant/10 cm apical twigs) during both experimentation years. Initially the population was low and gradually increased and reached to its peak (49 aphid/plant/10cm apical twigs) on 9th SMW i.e. first week of March with correspondence to weather parameters viz. maximum and minimum temperature (°C), relative humidity (%) and rainfall (mm) were 30.80, 15.34, 67.72 and 0, respectively over the years. The aphid population had significant positive correlation with Tmax (r= 0.94) while the Tmin showed highly significant correlation (r=0.99). The relative humidity (RH) had non significant negative correlation (r= -0.90) and rainfall (Rf) showed non significant negative impact (r= - 0.15) with aphid population. The regression model developed could explain 99% variation in aphid population in different cultivars of lentil. SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 155-164 (2019)

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Koirala, KB, MP Tripathi, K. Seetharam, MT Vinayan, and PH Zaidi. "Field Evaluation of Heat Stress-Resilient Maize Hybrids for Improved and Stable Maize Production in Nepal." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 19, no. 1 (July 11, 2021): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v19i1.54776.

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In recent years, National Maize Research Program (NMRP) aimed a paradigm shift from open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) towards hybrid maize to achieve self-sufficiency in maize for food, feed, and hybrid seed within the country. In this mission, it is necessary to identify and deploy high-yielding stress-resilient maize hybrids that can cope with climate change effects, including heat stress. Under the project “Heat Tolerant Maize for Asia (HTMA)”, NMRP introduced the hybrids that performed better in previous years in different environments from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Hyderabad for multilocation on-farm testing. Fifteen genotypes were evaluated at two locations, two sites in Madi, Chitwan, and one in Ghorahi, Dang, along with Rampur Hybrid-8 as a heat-tolerant check, and RML-86/RML-96 and RML-95/RML-96 as normal checks. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with three replicates during the spring of 2016/17. Likewise, another 20 and 18 promising hybrids were demonstrated during the winter of 2016/17 and 2017/18, respectively, in different hybrid growing pockets considering a site – a replication. Grain yield and yield attributing traits at all locations were recorded. From the across-site data analysis, selected heat-tolerant hybrids from the experiment were CAH1432, ZH15405, ZH141592, and CAH1715 which were statistically at par with promising normal hybrid RML-86/RML-96 and superior to already released heat-tolerant Rampur Hybrid-8. In 2016/17, ZH138098, ZH1620, and VH121062 were farmers’ preferred heat-tolerant hybrids. In 2017/18, Rampur Hybrid-10, ZH141592, CAH1715, and ZH15440 were preferred by farmers. The selected bestbet are taken forward for official release/registration followed by commercialization through a public-private partnership with Nepali seed companies/cooperatives. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 27-43 (2021)

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Tang, Wei, Junpo He, and Yuliang Yang. "A Facile Synthesis of Cleavable Block Copolymers via Tandem Polymerizations of NMRP and ATRP." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 43, no. 10 (October 2006): 1553–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601320600896850.

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Lang, Andreas S., Anne Neubig, Michael Sommer, and Mukundan Thelakkat. "NMRP versus “Click” Chemistry for the Synthesis of Semiconductor Polymers Carrying Pendant Perylene Bisimides." Macromolecules 43, no. 17 (September 14, 2010): 7001–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma100708h.

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Zhao, Yulai, Li Wang, Anguo Xiao, and Haojie Yu. "The synthesis of modified polyethylene via coordination polymerization followed by ATRP, RAFT, NMRP or ROP." Progress in Polymer Science 35, no. 10 (October 2010): 1195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.05.002.

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Daley, D. J., T. Rolski, and R. Vesilo. "Long-Range Dependence in a Cox Process Directed by a Markov Renewal Process." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences 2007 (November 22, 2007): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/83852.

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A Cox process NCox directed by a stationary random measure ξ has second moment var NCox(0,t]=E(ξ(0,t])+var ξ(0,t], where by stationarity E(ξ(0,t])=(const.)t=E(NCox(0,t]), so long-range dependence (LRD) properties of NCox coincide with LRD properties of the random measure ξ. When ξ(A)=∫AνJ(u)du is determined by a density that depends on rate parameters νi(i∈𝕏) and the current state J(⋅) of an 𝕏-valued stationary irreducible Markov renewal process (MRP) for some countable state space 𝕏 (so J(t) is a stationary semi-Markov process on 𝕏), the random measure is LRD if and only if each (and then by irreducibility, every) generic return time Yjj(j∈X) of the process for entries to state j has infinite second moment, for which a necessary and sufficient condition when 𝕏 is finite is that at least one generic holding time Xj in state j, with distribution function (DF)\ Hj, say, has infinite second moment (a simple example shows that this condition is not necessary when 𝕏 is countably infinite). Then, NCox has the same Hurst index as the MRP NMRP that counts the jumps of J(⋅), while as t→∞, for finite 𝕏, var NMRP(0,t]∼2λ2∫0t𝒢(u)du, var NCox(0,t]∼2∫0t∑i∈𝕏(νi−ν¯)2ϖiℋi(t)du, where ν¯=∑iϖiνi=E[ξ(0,1]], ϖj=Pr{J(t)=j},1/λ=∑jpˇjμj, μj=E(Xj), {pˇj} is the stationary distribution for the embedded jump process of the MRP, ℋj(t)=μi−1∫0∞min(u,t)[1−Hj(u)]du, and 𝒢(t)∼∫0tmin(u,t)[1−Gjj(u)]du/mjj∼∑iϖiℋi(t) where Gjj is the DF and mjj the mean of the generic return time Yjj of the MRP between successive entries to the state j. These two variances are of similar order for t→∞ only when each ℋi(t)/𝒢(t) converges to some [0,∞]-valued constant, say, γi, for t→∞.

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Wang, Yunpu, Yongqian Shen, Xiaowei Pei, Wenjuan Zhang, Yuli Wei, and Chao Yang. "In Situ Synthesis of Polystyrene/SiO2 Hybrid Composites via a 'Grafting Through' Strategy Based on Nitroxide-mediated Radical Polymerisation." Polymers and Polymer Composites 16, no. 9 (November 2008): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110801600906.

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Polymer-grafted nanosilica hybrid composites that possess a hard backbone of nanosilica and a soft shell of brush-like polystyrene (PSt) were prepared via a ‘grafting through’ strategy based on nitroxide-mediated radical polymerisation (NMRP) using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-iV-oxyl (TEMPO) as the mediator. Two steps were used to graft PSt chains to the surface of nanosilica: anchoring of vinyltrimethoxysilane onto the surface of nanosilica, and then using TEMPO to trap the radicals produced by the reaction of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) with styrene and the vinyl group in grafted vinyltrimethoxysilane molecules. Finally, well-controlled molecular weight (Mn) and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn) of PSt chains were grown from the surface of nanosilica. The prepared PSt-g–SiO2 hybrid particles have been extensively characterised by FTIR, XPS, TGA, and TEM.

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Corten, Cathrin, Katja Kretschmer, and Dirk Kuckling. "Novel multi-responsive P2VP-block-PNIPAAm block copolymers via nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 6 (August 20, 2010): 756–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.6.89.

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Linear soluble multi-responsive block copolymers are able to form so called schizophrenic micelles in aqueous solution. Here, such polymers are prepared via nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMRP). In a first step nitroxide-terminated poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) was prepared with different molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. The best reaction conditions, optimized by kinetic studies, were bulk polymerization at 110 °C. Using P2VP as a macroinitiator, the synthesis of new soluble linear block copolymers of P2VP and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) (P2VP-block-PNIPAAm) was possible. The nitroxide terminated polymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Thermal properties were investigated by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Block copolymers showed pH- and temperature-responsive solubility in aqueous media. By increasing the P2VP content, the phase transition temperature shifted to lower temperatures (e.g. 26 °C for P2VP114-block-PNIPAAm180). Depending on the resulting block length, temperature and pH value of aqueous solution, the block copolymers form so called schizophrenic micelles. The hydrodynamic radius R h of these micelles associated with pH values and temperature was analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Such kind of block copolymers has potential for many applications, such as controlled drug delivery systems.

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Abbasian, Mojtaba, Solmaz Esmaeily Shoja Bonab, Parisa Shoaeifar, and Ali Akbar Entezami. "Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-polystyrene diblock copolymer by ATRP and NMRP techniques." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 44, no. 2 (October 17, 2011): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244311420537.

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Ciftci, Mustafa, Mustafa Arslan, Michael Buchmeiser, and Yusuf Yagci. "Polyethylene-g-Polystyrene Copolymers by Combination of ROMP, Mn2(CO)10-Assisted TEMPO Substitution and NMRP." ACS Macro Letters 5, no. 8 (July 25, 2016): 946–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00460.

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Aguiar, Leandro G., Miguel A. D. Gonçalves, Virgínia D. Pinto, Rolando C. S. Dias, Mário Rui P. F. N. Costa, and Reinaldo Giudici. "Mathematical Modeling of NMRP of Styrene-Divinylbenzene over the Pre- and Post-Gelation Periods Including Cyclization." Macromolecular Reaction Engineering 8, no. 4 (November 29, 2013): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mren.201300171.

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Thiessen, Wladimir, and Thomas Wolff. "NMRP and ATRP Double Initiators for the Formation of Binary Polymer Brushes via Grafting-From Methods." Designed Monomers and Polymers 14, no. 3 (January 2011): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138577211x557567.

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Shoaeifar, Parisa, Mojtaba Abbasian, and Ali Akbar Entezami. "A Convenient Method for Preparation of Amphiphilic Monomethoxypoly (Ethylene Glycol)–Polystyrene Diblock Copolymer by NMRP Technique." Journal of Polymer Research 14, no. 1 (October 27, 2006): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-9079-1.

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Adhikari, Indra Prasad, Bandana Osti, C. B. Kunwar, and B. R. Ojha. "Study of different germplasm of early summer maize in Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 8, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v8i2.36096.

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Fourteen different germplasms of early summer maize (Zea mays L.) were tested for their production potential. The main objective of this research was to see the productivity of these varieties on local condition, their phenotypic characters, and their relationship with yield. Fourteen trails with three replications were randomized with RCBD. Observation and data recording were done by field visiting. Among the observed quantitative parameters; Cob diameter, Cob length, Row number per cob, Grain number per row, 300 grain weight at 14% moisture shows positive and significant correlation with the yield whereas Days to 50% silking, Days to 50% tasseling, and plant height shows positive but non –significant correlation with the yield. COMPOZ-NI-PB, S03TEY-POBM, and EEYCL were seen more productive than the released variety of NMRP: Arun-4 on the local condition. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 8, Issue-2: 391-295

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Tuinman, Ellen, Neil T. McManus, Martha Roa‐Luna, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima †, Liliane M. F. Lona, and Alexander Penlidis. "Controlled Free‐Radical Copolymerization Kinetics of Styrene and Divinylbenzene by Bimolecular NMRP using TEMPO and Dibenzoyl Peroxide." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 43, no. 7 (June 2006): 995–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601320600739969.

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Ruehl, Jean, and Rebecca Braslau. "A bidirectional ATRP-NMRP initiator: The effect of nitroxide size on the rate of nitroxide-mediated polymerization." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 45, no. 10 (May 15, 2007): 2015–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.21967.

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Rijal, Tirtha Raj, Jiban Shrestha, Bashistha Acharya, Narayan Bahadur Dhami, Ajay Karki, Ambika Aryal, and Pratik Hamal. "Evaluation of Maize Genotypes for Resistance against Gray Leaf Spot In Hills of Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 3 (September 25, 2015): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i3.13216.

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Maize crop is affected by several diseases, but Gray leaf spot (GLS), is the major disease that threat maize production in every year in mid-hills and high-hills of Nepal. To identify the source of resistant on gray leaf spot disease maize genotypes were screened/evaluated under hot spots during 2013 and 2014 summer seasons across the hill environment of Nepal. In the screening nursery both exotic(CIMMYT China) and NMRP developed genotypes were included and screened at Pakhribas, Dhungkharka, Supping and Salyan during 2013 & 2014 summer seasons under replicated conditions. The genotypes identified resistant and high yielding at Dhungkharka in 2013 were YML58/(CML226/CATETO//CML226/CATETO)F2-B-1-2-B,YML32/(P147-F2-108-S7/P45-C8-76-S5)-F2-B-30-1-3, YML32/Cel FSRYS9956-B-3-2-4-B and YML58/(G34/36/G33TSR)-F2-B-4-1-B. In case of Salyan none of the genotypes showed resistant reaction against GLS but eight genotypes namely; YML23/P502-C2-58-1-1-2-5-B, YML23/P502-C2-185-3-4-1-3-B-1-B, YML23/P502-C3-F2-10-8-1-1-B, YML23/GLSI01P502-B-25-2-B, YML23/MBR-C5W-F108-2-3-1-B, YS12Q-189, YS12Q-33 and YS12Q-189 reacted MR reaction. At Pakhribas two genotypes reacted resistant (R) reaction namely; YML23/GLS101HGA-B-4-1-B and YS12Q-189 and other ten genotypes responded MR reaction. None of the tested entries at Suping responded resistant reaction but four genotypes ZM-401, 07SADVI, ZM-627 and BGBYPOP responded MR reaction against GLS. During 2014 summer season a total of 20 genotypes both exotic (CIMMYT India) and NMRP developed were screened against GLS across the hill regions of Pakhribas, Dhungkharka and Salyan. From the result of Pakhribas the genotype P501SRCO/P502SRCO was recorded for resistant (1.3) reaction and three genotypes 05SADVI, Entry # 36 and Entry # 27 were responded for MR reaction. In case of Dhungkharka nine genotypes namely; ZM-401, ZM-627, 05SADVI, 07SADVI, TLBRSO7F16, ENTRY#33, ENTRY#24, ENTRY#32 and ENTRY#21 were recorded for MR reaction. The tested genotypes at Salyan revealed that six genotypes namely; 05SADVI, 07SADVI, ACROSS-9942/ACROSS-9944, BGBYPOP, ENTRY # 24 and ENTRY# 32 were reacted resistant reaction and the genotype 07SADVI produced significantly highest grain yield (8638 kg/ha).Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 504-512

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Lohwasser, Ruth H., and Mukundan Thelakkat. "Synthesis of Amphiphilic Rod–Coil P3HT-b-P4VP Carrying a Long Conjugated Block Using NMRP and Click Chemistry." Macromolecules 45, no. 7 (March 20, 2012): 3070–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma2024733.

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Poudel, M., H. K. Paudel, and B. P. Yadav. "Correlation of Traits Afffecting Grain Yield in Winter Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 3 (September 25, 2015): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i3.13137.

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The research was conducted under RCBD with three replication to study the inter relationships among traits affecting yield and its affecting character at National Maize Research Programme (NMRP), Rampur, Nepal in 2013. The eleven inbreeds line of maize variety at winter season in 2013 were evaluated for estimation yield and its affecting character. For efficient selection of grain yield, it is necessary to know relation of yield of maize and its morphological traits which are influencing on the grain yield. One of the objectives of this paper was to determine interrelationship between traits and the yields. Correlation coefficients among traits showed that yield was positively and highly significantly related with number of kernel rows per ear (0.788), number of kernels per row(0.571), ear girth(0.516), plant height(0.498), hundreds kernels weights(0.444) and significantly related with other character. .Number of Kernels rows per ear, number of kernels per row, plant height could be the important selection criteria in improving open pollinated maize varieties for high grain yield.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 443-445

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Thapa, Bibek, Keshab Raj Pande, Baburam Khanal, and Santosh Marahatta. "Effect of Tillage, Residue Management and Cropping System on the Properties of Soil." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v6i2.20433.

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A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage practices, residue management and cropping system on soil properties at NMRP, Rampur, Chitwan from November 2015 to April 2016. The experiment was laid on Strip split design with combination of 12 different treatments i.e, zero tillage & conventional tillage as main plot in the strip, residue retention & residue removal as sub-plot factor and maize – wheat, maize + soybean – wheat & soybean – wheat cropping system as sub-sub plot factor. Three replications of the treatments were made. Soil sample before experiment and after harvest of wheat was taken (0-15cm). The experiment showed significant effect of zero tillage on organic carbon (2.169%) and on total soil nitrogen (0.112 %). Zero tillage with retention of residues is valuable tool for the conservation agriculture and helps in sustainability of soil however long-term research for the tillage management and residue retention should be conducted to highlight the major effects on change in properties of soil.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 164-168

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Zhang, Weidong, Wei Zhang, Nianchen Zhou, Jian Zhu, Zhenping Cheng, and Xiulin Zhu. "Synthesis of miktoarm star amphiphilic block copolymers via combination of NMRP and ATRP and investigation on self-assembly behaviors." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 47, no. 22 (October 12, 2009): 6304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.23673.

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Messerschmidt, M., M. Millaruelo, H. Komber, L. Häussler, B. Voit, T. Krause, M. Yin, and W. D. Habicher. "Synthesis of Partially Protected Block Copolymers Based on 4-Hydroxystyrene Using NMRP and a Sequence of Polymer Analogous Reactions." Macromolecules 41, no. 8 (April 2008): 2821–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma7025308.

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Roa‐Luna, Martha, Afsaneh Nabifar, Martha Patricia Díaz‐Barber, Neil T. Mcmanus, Eduardo Vivaldo‐Lima, Liliane M. F. Lona, and Alexander Penlidis. "Another Perspective on the Nitroxide Mediated Radical Polymerization (NMRP) of Styrene Using 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) and Dibenzoyl Peroxide (BPO)." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 44, no. 3 (March 2007): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10601320601077567.

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Jiang, Nan, Dongguang Xiao, Defa Zhang, Naiyu Sun, Bing Yan, and Xudong Zhu. "Negative Roles of a Novel Nitrogen Metabolite Repression-Related Gene, TAR1, in Laccase Production and Nitrate Utilization by the Basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 21 (September 4, 2009): 6777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00708-09.

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ABSTRACT The multicopper oxidase laccase is widespread in fungi and has great industrial importance. One puzzle regarding laccase production in the basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus neoformans is that it is inhibited by high temperature (e.g., 37°C). In this paper, we report identification of a nitrogen metabolite repression-related gene, TAR1, which is responsible for laccase repression. Disruption of TAR1 results in a significant increase in the level of LAC1 mRNA at 37°C. The putative protein Tar1 shares a moderate level of similarity with the nitrogen metabolite repressors Nmr1 and NmrA from Neurospora crassa and Aspergillus nidulans, respectively. Likewise, Tar1 has a negative role in the utilization of nitrate. Furthermore, the structure of Tar1 is unique. Tar1 lacks the long C-terminal region of Nmr1 and NmrA. It contains the canonical Rossmann fold motif, GlyXXGlyXXGly, whereas Nmr1 and NmrA have variable residues at the Gly positions. Interestingly, the promoter region of TAR1 contains three TTC/GAA repeats which are likely the heat shock factor (Hsf) binding sites, implying that Hsf has a role in laccase inhibition. TAR1 mediation of temperature-associated repression of LAC1 suggests a novel mechanism of laccase regulation and a new function for Nmr proteins. Our work may be helpful for industry in terms of promotion of laccase activity.

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Webber, J. Beau W. "Some Applications of a Field Programmable Gate Array Based Time-Domain Spectrometer for NMR Relaxation and NMR Cryoporometry." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 15, 2020): 2714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082714.

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NMR Relaxation (NMRR) is an extremely useful quantitative technique for material science, particularly for studying polymers and porous materials. NMR Cryoporometry (NMRC) is a powerful technique for the measurement of pore-size distributions and total porosities. This paper discusses the use, capabilities and application of a newly available compact NMR time-domain relaxation spectrometer, the Lab-Tools Mk3 NMR Relaxometer & Cryoporometer [Lab-Tools (nano-science), Ramsgate, Kent, UK (2019)]. Being Field Programmable Gate Array based means that it is unusually compact, which makes it particularly suitable for the lab bench-top, in the field and also mobile use. Its use with a variable-temperature NMR probe such as the Lab-Tools Peltier thermo-electrically cooled variable-temperature (V-T) probe is also discussed. This enables the NMRC measurement of pore-size distributions in porous materials, from sub-nano- to over 1 micron sized pores. These techniques are suitable for a wide range of porous materials and also polymers. This instrument comes with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) for control, which also enables both online and offline analysis of the measured data. This makes it is easy to use for material science studies both in the field and in university, research institute, company and even school laboratories. The Peltier cooling gives the precision temperature control and smoothness needed by NMR Cryoporometry, particularly near the probe liquid bulk melting point. Results from example NMR Relaxation and NMR Cryoporometric measurements are given.

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Miura, Yozo, Hiroyuki Dote, Hiroyuki Kubonishi, Kenichi Fukuda, and Tomoko Saka. "Syntheses and characterization of 16-arm star and star diblock copolymer and AB8 9-miktoarm star copolymer via NMRP and ROP from dendritic multifunctional macroinitiators." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 45, no. 6 (2007): 1159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.21885.

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Subedi, S., B. Paudel, and B. Bhandari. "Phenotypic Dissimilarities among Inbreds of Maize (Zea Mays L.)." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 4, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v4i3.15770.

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For development of single cross hybrids in maize, developed inbreds must be evaluated for the determination of highly heterotic inbred combination (HIC). One of the best methodologies for determination of heterotic inbred combination can be multivariate analysis (MVA) or scales of phenotypic distance or dissimilarities or cluster diagram. For it, inbred must be observed for useful trait measurements. Accordingly, an experimental evaluation was conducted including promising 55 inbred lines of winter maize planting on Sep 3, 2015 at National Maize Research Program Rampur, Chitwan Nepal (NMRP/NARC). The distant inbred lines were determined through MVA. Single plot research technique was done where each inbred line was provided with 2 rows of 20 plants each. Data were taken for fifteen traits. By the use of MINITAB software, the data was analysed. Graphics of principle component analysis (PCA) cluster diagram (CD or dendogram) were constructed and phenotypic dissimilarities are examined.The distant inbreds RML-8, RML-88, RML-13, RML-103, RML-89, RML-102, RML-11, RML-17, RML-83,RML-98,RML-85,RML-86,RML-94 and RML-28 could be crossed with RML-75,RML-6,RML-68,RML-36 and RML-32 which could be used as tester inbred for heterotic hybrid combination. Similarly, RML-98, RML-85, RML-86, RML-94 and RML-28 could be crossed with RML-24, RML-96 and RML-99. Though distant inbred, RML-104 had less ASI but it wasn’t feasible to use for crossing due to higher anthesis tasseling interval.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 359-364

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Sapkota, Arati, Ram Kumar Shrestha, and Devraj Chalise. "Response of Maize to the Soil Application of Nitrogen and Phosphorous Fertilizers." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 5, no. 4 (December 24, 2017): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v5i4.18777.

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Poor nutrient management is one of the key factors contributing to decline in the productivity of maize in Nepal. Few studies have been done on developing site and variety specific fertilizer recommendation. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at National Maize Research Program (NMRP) Rampur, Chitwan during winter season in September 2016 to study the response of hybrid maize (RML95/RML96) to different doses of soil application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P). The treatments included were 120:60, 120 :( 40+20), 160:60, 160 :( 40+20), 200:60, 200 :( 40+20), 240:60, and 240 :( 40+20) N: P kg ha-1. Potassium fertilizer was fixed and applied as per the Government recommendation i.e., 40 kg K ha-1.Eight treatments were replicated three times in randomized complete block design and maize was planted in six rows of four meter long plot. The research findings revealed that each level of N significantly increased grain yield up to 240 kg N ha-1. The grain yield (8.8 t ha-1) obtained under 240 kg N ha-1 was significantly higher than that obtained under 120,160 and 200 kg N ha-1. However, the results revealed that split application of P failed to bring about any significant difference in the grain yield as well as yield parameters of maize. We can, thus conclude that the addition of increasing rate of N increases the yield and yield attributing characters of maize. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 537-541

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Shrestha, A., A. Pandey, and R. Sapkota. "Damage Assessment and Management of Armyworm [Mythimna separata, Walker] in Winter Maize at Rampur, Chitwan." Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 35, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v35i1.22535.

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Mythimna separata Walker commonly known as armyworm (Rice Ear-Cutting Caterpillar), belonging to Lepidoptora: Noctuidae is one of the major insect pests of maize in Nepal. Application of selective pesticide is mostly used approach to control the pest population to minimize its possible damage. A field experiment was carried out to find out the loss by armyworm in maize field (variety RML32/17) during winter season of 2016/17. The experiment was laid under Randomized Complete Block Design with eight treatments and three replications in the research field of National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur. The treatments consisted of: i) Metarrhizium anisopliae ii) Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus iii)Spinosad iv)Furadon v) Magik vi)Lara-909 vii) Multineem viii) Control. The treatments were applied three times at 30DAS, 45DAS and 60DAS for each replication and armyworm damaged plants were counted after a week of application among the 30 sample plants tagged in each plot. Number of damaged plants by armyworm after each spraying and maize yield in each plot were recorded and analyzed by GenStat. It was found that least number of plants were damaged in plots applied with treatments Lara-909, subsequently followed by Spinosad while more plants were damaged successively in control and M. anisopliae. The highest average yield (6.73 ton/ha) was found in Lara-909 treated plot followed by Spinosad (6.67 ton/ha) which were significant with the lowest average yield found in control (5.76 ton/ha) but only statistical at par with rest of the treatments. Spinosad (Natural product of Saccharopolyspora spinosa) was found to be the best alternative of chemical pesticides for the eco-friendly management of armyworm.

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Adhikari, Parbati, Bandhu Raj Baral, and Jiban Shrestha. "Maize response to time of nitrogen application and planting seasons." Journal of Maize Research and Development 2, no. 1 (December 23, 2016): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmrd.v2i1.16218.

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Nitrogen (N) response by maize differs due to growing seasons, growth stages, duration and growing domain as N losses is higher due to leaching as well as volatilization. Objective of this study was to know the response of split applications of N and growing seasons on maize under Chitwan environments. Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years at the research field of NMRP Rampur during the winter, spring, and summer seasons of 2012/013 and 2013/014. Experiments were laid out in factorial randomized complete block design with four replications for all the seasons. Early maturing maize genotype Arun-1 EV was used for the experiments. Five splits of recommended dose of N were tested. Grain yield, days to flowering, plant height, ear height, kernel rows per ear, no. of kernels per row, ear length and thousand grain weight significantly differed due to growing seasons and split applications of N. Significantly higher grain yield (3911 kg ha-1) was obtained with the application of 30 kg N ha-1 each at 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after sowing as compared to control (2801 kg ha-1). Regarding the growing seasons, highest grain yield was obtained in winter (4393 kg ha-1) followed by spring (3791 kg ha-1) and summer (2468 kg ha-1) season, respectively. Results of these studies revealed that four splits of N viz. application of 30 kg N each at 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after sowing respectively, would be more economical to minimize N losses from the soil and efficient use of N at critical growth and development stages of maize.

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Koirala, Keshab Babu, Yagya Prasad Giri, Tirtha Raj Rijal, Pervez Haider Zaidi, Ajanahalli Ramaiaha Sadananda, and Jiban Shrestha. "Evaluation of Grain Yield of Heat Stress Resilient Maize Hybrids in Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 5, no. 4 (December 24, 2017): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v5i4.18774.

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Midhills, foot hills and river basin areas of are generally under spring maize cultivation. These areas along with the areas from Terai and Inner Terai where spring and early summer maize are grown are the most affected from heat stress. Identification and selection of suitable varieties and traits for high temperature tolerance is vital to produce heat resilient genotypes.With a view to identify high yielding heat stress resilient maize hybrids, genotypes received from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) were evaluated in alpha lattice design with two to three replications at Rampur, Nepalgunj and Surkhet in 2013/014, 2014/015 and 2015/016. Total 57 trials consisting of 7764 maize hyrbids were evaluated under heat stress conditions. At Nepalgunj and Surkhet, trials were planted in March/April. Out of the tested genotypes, 24 hybrids were found promising based on grain yield, plant and ear height. These 24 hybrids along with four National Maize Research Program (NMRP) developed and two multi-national companies’ hybrids as checks were tested in multilocation trials at Dumarwana, Nijgadh, Nawalparasi and Rampur in 2014/015. Out of these 24 hybrids, eight were selected and tested during 2015/016 in Dumarwana, Nijgadh, Nawalparasi, Anandapur and Rampur. Based on results combined over years and locations CAH-151 (8629 kg ha-1) and CAH-153 (8955 kg ha-1) were registered for general cultivation as Rampur Hybrid-8 and Rampur Hybrid-10, respectively. Other promising hybrids were CAH-1511 (8800 kg ha-1) followed by CAH-1515 (8678 kg ha-1), RML-95/RML-96 (8486 kg ha-1), CAH-1513 (8258 kg ha-1) and RML-86/RML-96 (7544 kg ha-1), respectively. Stability analysis revealed that CAH-151, CAH-153, CAH-1515, CAH-1511 and RML-95/RML-96 are stable hybrids having good performance.

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Neupane, Saraswati, and Subash Subedi. "Life cycle study of maize stem borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe) under laboratory condition at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 2, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v2i1.26099.

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Maize stem borer (Chilo partellus swinhoe) is one of the major threatening global pests of maize and considered as the national top priority entomological research problem in Nepal. The Life cycle of maize stem borer was studied under laboratory condition at National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during 2018. Development of stem borer undergoes following stages like egg, larvae, pupa and adult. Eggs and different instars of maize stem borer larvae were collected from maize fields were put with host materials (maize leaf and stem) to become different instars of larva, pupae and finally turned to adults. Eggs were harvested from adults and kept on blotting paper which was kept inside petriplates and reared for adults. Their life span in each stage (egg, larva and pupa) and the fecundity of adults recorded. Daily room temperature and relative humidity (RH) in laboratory conditions were recorded. The Egg incubation period ranged from 4-7 days and hatched generally in the early morning (6-8 AM). The complete larvae period ranged from 29 to 36 days while pupal period was ranged from 7 to 12 days. The average male pupal length was found 13 mm and female was 16 mm long. The fecundity of C. partellus Swinhoe was recorded 150-160 eggs per female. The Oviposition period was 4 days and adult male survived for 4-7 days while female for 4-9 days. The average life cycle of C. partellus completed in (44-48) days during summer whereas (60-64) days during winter at average room temperature of (26-27° C) and RH of (70-80%). These results have important implications to know the survival and development of pest including effective pest management strategy.

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Devkota, Richa, Prem Pandey, Tika Bahadur Karki, Santosh Marahatta, and Shrawan Kumar Sah. "Bridging yield gap of winter maize using improved agronomic management practices." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i2.33772.

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Appropriate combinations of inputs determine the productivity of crops. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different combinations of inputs on the yield of winter maize at National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications comprising of six treatments (T1= Hybrid (H) + recommended doses of NPK (RD) + irrigation (I) + high density (HD) (83333 plant ha-1) + improved weed management practice (IWMP), T2=Open pollinated variety (OPV)+RD+I+HD+IWMP, T3=OPV+ farmer’s doses of NPK (FD)+I+HD+IWMP, T4= OPV+FD+rainfed (R)+HD+IWMP, T5=OPV+ FD+ R+low density (LD) (55555 plant ha-1) + IWMP, T6=OPV+FD+R+LD+ farmer’s weed management practice (FWMP). The research result revealed significant variation on the grain yield among the different treatments. The highest grain yield (5357 kg ha-1) was obtained when hybrid maize was grown with recommended dose of fertilizer, higher density, irrigation and improved weed management practices. This treatment was followed by replacement of OPV in the above treatment (4410.77 kg ha-1). The decline in yield due to replacement of OPV from hybrid was 17.67 percent. The percent yield decline from full Package of practices (T1) were 23.01, 47.81, 36.66 and 35.95 when input combinations OPV+FD+I+ HD+IWMP, OPV + FD+R+HD+IWMP, OPV+FD+R+LD+IWMP and OPV+FD+R+LD+ FWMP respectively were used..The contrast for grain yield between hybrid vs. OPV, RD vs. FD and Irrigated vs. Rainfed were significant. Therefore, present investigation showed hybrid maize, recommended dose of fertilizer and irrigation were the most important inputs for improving maize productivity in winter season in Chitwan like climatic condition.

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Mardani, Alireza, Reza Rezaee, and Ashkan A. Eskandar. "NMR Facies Definition for Permo-Triassic Kangan/Dalan Carbonate Formation by Use of Core/Log and Pore-Scale Measurements." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 16, no. 01 (January 24, 2013): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/163102-pa.

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Summary An integrated and quantitative approach is taken here to the Permo-Triassic Kangan/Dalan carbonate formation. We apply pore-network characterization to the problem of the classification of these complex carbonate gas-reservoir rocks. We start with the useful and convenient nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) data on 28 samples to define NMR facies (NMRF). The NMRF grouping is performed with both the relaxivity constant (ρ2) and the specific-surface-volume (Sgv) data. Seven NMRF have been defined with a combination of core/log NMR data, petrographic image analysis, and mercury-injection examinations for two wells. The advantage of evaluation of the pore spaces rather than grain properties is to discover trends that are not apparent when one uses a conventional sedimentological facies definition. Lithology-independent NMRF exhibit properties that are associated with pore geometry. This should have special importance for the formation evaluation of carbonates.

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Grimes, Kelly M., Andrew Voorhees, Ying Ann Chiao, Hai-Chao Han, Merry L. Lindsey, and Rochelle Buffenstein. "Cardiac function of the naked mole-rat: ecophysiological responses to working underground." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 306, no. 5 (March 1, 2014): H730—H737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00831.2013.

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The naked mole-rat (NMR) is a strictly subterranean rodent with a low resting metabolic rate. Nevertheless, it can greatly increase its metabolic activity to meet the high energetic demands associated with digging through compacted soils in its xeric natural habitat where food is patchily distributed. We hypothesized that the NMR heart would naturally have low basal function and exhibit a large cardiac reserve, thereby mirroring the species' low basal metabolism and large metabolic scope. Echocardiography showed that young (2–4 yr old) healthy NMRs have low fractional shortening (28 ± 2%), ejection fraction (43 ± 2%), and cardiac output (6.5 ± 0.4 ml/min), indicating low basal cardiac function. Histology revealed large NMR cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (216 ± 10 μm2) and cardiac collagen deposition of 2.2 ± 0.4%. Neither of these histomorphometric traits was considered pathological, since biaxial tensile testing showed no increase in passive ventricular stiffness. NMR cardiomyocyte fibers showed a low degree of rotation, contributing to the observed low NMR cardiac contractility. Interestingly, when the exercise mimetic dobutamine (3 μg/g ip) was administered, NMRs showed pronounced increases in fractional shortening, ejection fraction, cardiac output, and stroke volume, indicating an increased cardiac reserve. The relatively low basal cardiac function and enhanced cardiac reserve of NMRs are likely to be ecophysiological adaptations to life in an energetically taxing environment.

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Lyu, Chaohui, Qing Wang, Zhengfu Ning, Mingqiang Chen, Mingqi Li, Zhili Chen, and Yuxuan Xia. "Investigation on the Application of NMR to Spontaneous Imbibition Recovery of Tight Sandstones: An Experimental Study." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 6, 2018): 2359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092359.

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In this paper, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique is applied to exploring the spontaneous imbibition mechanism in tight sandstones under all face open (AFO) boundary conditions, which will benefit a better understanding of spontaneous imbibition during the development of oil & gas in tight formations. The advantages of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) and NMR T2 are used to define the distribution of remaining oil, evaluate the effect of micro structures on imbibition and predict imbibition recovery. NMR T2 results show that pore size distributions around two peaks are not only the main oil distributions under saturated condition but also fall within the main imbibition distributions range. Spontaneous imbibition mainly occurs in the first 6 h and then slows down and even ceases. The oil signals in tiny pores stabilize during the early stage of imbibition while the oil signal in large pores keeps fluctuating during the late stage of imbibition. NMRI results demonstrate that spontaneous imbibition is a replacement process starting slowly from the boundaries to the center under AFO and ending with oil-water mixing. Furthermore, the wetting phase can invade the whole core in the first 6 h, which is identical with the main period of imbibition occurring according to NMR T2 results. Factors influencing the history of oil distribution and saturation differ at different periods, while it is dominated by capillary imbibition at the early stage and allocated by diffusion at later time. Two imbibition recovery curves calculated by NMRI and NMR T2 are basically consistent, while there still exists some deviations between them as a result of the resolutions of NMRI and NMR T2. In addition, the heterogeneity of pore size distributions in the two samples aggravates this discrepancy. The work in this paper should prove of great help to better understand the process of the spontaneous imbibition, not only at the macroscopic level but also at the microscopic level, which is significant for oil/gas recovery in tight formations.

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Journal articles on the topic 'NMRP'

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