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1
Deokar, Gaurav N. "Analysis for need of Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) facilities in Khamgaon city." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 1108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37557.
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Abstract: In our day to day life we have seen the emission from transport sector is increasing. Along with carbon emissions, the transport sector is also responsible for road congestion, local air pollution, noise and accidents. In urban areas, the share of both public transport and NMT has been decreasing, resulting in increasing negative impacts. Therefore development of NMT in the cities is very important. NMT comprises of walking, Cycling, wheel chair travel and small wheeled transport etc. This transport facilities fulfill transportation as well as recreational objectives as these are ecofriendly modes. Previous planning only focus on movement of MT and there is no planning for NMT but the scenario is most of the short trips upto 5km in our country are carried out by walking and cycling.. NMT promotes health as well as social equality and is free from pollution which makes it ecofriendly. NMT are affordable to all classes which maintains social equality among citizens. Present Indian scenario shows undermining of importance and safety of NMVs in Indian cities. In India it should be taken seriously to priorities the use of NMT and focus on implementation of this facilities, maintenance and operation of this system. The governments should run the programs to encourage the people to move towards the use of NMT. This study aims to determine the need of NMT facilities within the city and people views regarding existing traffic conditions along main streets within the city. The city is divided in different parts as per wards and quessionnaire survey is carried out to know people views. The overall study shows the need for the provision of NMT facilities like footpaths, cycle ways, croos points at main streets within the city. Keywords: NMT- Non Motorised Transport, NMV- Non Motorised Vehicles, MT- Motorised Transport
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Mistree, Kinjal, Devendra Thakor, and Brijesh Bhatt. "A Machine Translation System from Indian Sign Language to English Text." International Journal of Information Technologies and Systems Approach 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitsa.313419.
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Sign language recognition and translation is a crucial step towards improving communication between the deaf and the rest of the society. According to the Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre (ISLRTC), India has around 300 certified human interpreters. With such a shortage of human interpreters, an alternative service is desired that helps people to achieve smooth communicate with deaf. In this study, an approach is presented that translates ISL sentences in English text using MobileNetV2 model and neural machine translation (NMT). The system features ISL corpus created from Brown corpus using ISL grammar rules. The approach converts the ISL videos into ISL gloss sequence using MobileNetV2 model and recognised ISL gloss sequence is then fed to machine translation module. MobileNetV2 was proven best-suited model for recognition of ISL sentences and NMT gives better result than statistical machine translation (SMT) to convert ISL gloss sequence into English text. The automatic and human evaluation of the proposed approach gives 83.3% and 86.1% accuracy, respectively.
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Bhat, Tavoos Hassan, Hooman Farzaneh, and Nishat Tasnim Toosty. "Co-Benefit Assessment of Active Transportation in Delhi, Estimating the Willingness to Use Nonmotorized Mode and Near-Roadway-Avoided PM2.5 Exposure." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 14, 2022): 14974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214974.
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This study aims to estimate the avoided mortalities and morbidities and related economic impacts due to adopting the nonmotorized transportation (NMT) policy in Delhi, India. To this aim, an integrated quantitative assessment framework is developed to estimate the expected environmental, health, and economic co-benefits from replacing personal motorized transport with NMT in Delhi, taking into account the inhabitants’ willingness to use NMT (walking and cycling) mode. The willingness to accept NMT is estimated by conducting a cross-sectional survey in Delhi, which is further used to estimate the expected health benefits from both increased physical activity and near-roadway-avoided PM2.5 exposure in selected traffic areas in 11 major districts in Delhi. The value of a statistical life (VSL) and cost of illness methods are used to calculate the economic benefits of the avoided mortalities and morbidities from NMT in Delhi. The willingness assessment indicates that the average per capita time spent walking and cycling in Delhi is 11.054 and 2.255 min, respectively. The results from the application of the NMT in Delhi show the annual reduction in CO2 and PM2.5 to be 121.5 kilotons and 138.9 tons, respectively. The model estimates the expected co-benefits from increased physical activities and reduced PM2.5 exposure at 17,529 avoided cases of mortality with an associated savings of about USD 4870 million in Delhi.
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Narayanan, Sumana. "Pedestrian Safety in Chennai." Journal of Road Safety 31, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-20-00249.
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Pedestrian and cyclist safety are not considered by urban planners or road users in India. Data on road crashes tend to underreport crashes involving this group. In spite of adopting a Non-Motorised-Transport (NMT) friendly policy in 2014, Chennai city in Tamil Nadu continues to prioritise motorised transport. Five years after the NMT Policy adoption, pedestrian infrastructure was assessed in 11 locations. A perception survey of 37 road users was also conducted as the Policy calls for changing the mindset of motorists towards pedestrians. The pedestrian infrastructure assessment found that footpath and pedestrian crossings are inadequate with only six locations having contiguous, wide, walkable footpaths for some distance. Even in these locations, the footpath is encroached upon by parked vehicles, garbage, utilities, and shops. Even roads which have seen pedestrian-focussed interventions fall short. Pedestrian infrastructure, what little exists, is not friendly towards the elderly and people with disabilities. The perception survey suggests that pedestrians are not safe on the roads and that motorists do not slow down or stop for pedestrians. Some motorists (autorickshaw drivers and bus drivers) felt that pedestrians put themselves at risk by walking on the road and crossing the road as they please. Pedestrians interviewed, however, pointed out that footpaths are few, and those that exist are encroached upon, forcing pedestrians to walk on the road. In spite of being the first city in India to adopt an NMT Policy, many pedestrians continues to be precarious
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Et. al., Pooja P. Walke. "A Survey on “Machine translation Approaches for Indian Languages”." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 4792–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1941.
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Translation has always helped India to knit Indians together with respect to its rich culture and literature. Ideas and concepts like ‘Indian ancient literature’,’Indian rich culture’,’Indian philosophy’ and ‘Indian knowledgeable systems’ would have been impossible in the absence of translations with their natural integrationist mission.Machine Translation assist to translate Information presented in one language to other language. Information can be present in form of text, speech and image translating this information helps for sharing of information and ultimately information gain.Translation process is an extremely complex & challenging process. It requires an in-depth knowledge about grammar of both the languages i.e. Source language and Target language to frame the rules for target language generation. Marathi is a regional Indian language and consists of a lot of literature that could be useful if projected in the universal English language. As manual translation is a tedious task, we propose a literature survey about machine translation systems that translates Indian Languages into English Language using various Machine translation approaches like RBMT, SMT, NMT, Hybrid translation
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Will, Marie-Eve, Yannick Cornet, and Talat Munshi. "Measuring road space consumption by transport modes: Toward a standard spatial efficiency assessment method and an application to the development scenarios of Rajkot City, India." Journal of Transport and Land Use 13, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 651–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2020.1526.
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The space “consumed” by various urban passenger transport modes varies greatly depending on the size and the speed of vehicles. Past studies have shown that public transport (PT) and non-motorized transport (NMT) can be up to 20 times more space-efficient compared to a typical car. This optimal use of space is of relevance in an urban context where space is often a constrained resource. Yet space used by vehicles is rarely assessed in the practice of transport planning. There exists no standard method for quantifying the use of space in complex urban settings. This study proposes an approach based on the space-time concept for quantifying and comparing the dynamic (on-road) and still (parking) space used by different transport modes for a specific road network. Transport planning scenarios developed in the Low-carbon Comprehensive Mobility Plan (LCMP) prepared for the city of Rajkot are used to demonstrate the method. The indicators show that significantly less space is used by transport in a scenario that promotes higher use of PT and NMT in comparison to a business-as-usual scenario based on traffic projections for private motorized vehicles. These results provide evidence that could contribute to alleviating chronic congestion expected from car- and motorcycle-based transport development only. Overall, this research describes an assessment framework for low-carbon transport development that would include spatial efficiency concerns.
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Shinde, Vaishnavi, Omkar Sonavane, and Shishir Dadhich. "Study to Shift From Motorised to Non-Motorised Transport – A Case of Nashik City." E3S Web of Conferences 405 (2023): 02029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340502029.
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With the aim to reduce the adverse environmental impact caused due to the urban transportation system, an alternative solution is identified. Non-motorized transport is the most relevant alternative for low-carbon mobility. It not only helps in the city's sustainable development but also helps reduce traffic problems and improve one’s health. In India and in foreign countries, the government is taking initiatives to promote Non Motorised Transport (NMT) and funding the project to come into operation. In most of the surveys, the solutions are given for improving NMT infrastructure, but from the literature, a gap is found that only improving the infrastructure is not important, instead at first it is important to recognize the actual need as to where we need to develop infrastructure, secondly recognizing the potential trips and then proposing infrastructure respectively. There is no study done on the potential trips that could be converted to NMT with reference to Nashik City. This research aims to study the mobility plan of the Gangapur road area of Nashik city and identify the potential trips of such area which can be shifted to non-motorised transport. The survey includes the study of daily trips taken by people for various activities, which caters to all age groups. The study also includes an understanding of the trip length, alignment of the roads, and important commercial and institutional zones in the area. A thought is also given for redesigning Public Bicycle Sharing System in the study area for the maximum usage of the system. A module is proposed after an analysis of the survey and the existing transportation plan. A plan representing the module and indicating the potential trips that can be converted to non-motorised transport is proposed.
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Singh, Jayati, Harivansh Kumar Chaudhary, and Akash Malik. "A Review on Indias Urban Transportation." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47005.
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Abstract: Traffic congestion, pollution, and road accidents are all challenges that have arisen as a result of India's growing population and vehicle ownership. The transportation industry is an important part of the nation's economy, but also contributes significantly to climate change. Many transportation plans ultimately lead to fixing the climate change problem in order to attain sustainable mobility since climate change is a global hazard. India, like other nations across the world, is investing greater effort into sustainable mobility through different governmental measures.This article examines the major transportation issues that India faces, as well as how the Indian government's transport industry policy initiatives for cities have developed since independence. Motorisation is inextricably linked to urbanisation. Both motorisation and urbanisation complement each other. The influence of NMT on urban transportation is likewise directly related to its growing pace. The difficulties and inadequacies in existing policies are explored, as well as potential policy frameworks. According to this survey, most government policy efforts have yet to achieve the desired degree of success. The absence of monitoring, complicated institutional capacity and urban governance, uneven land allocation, and ineffective overall growth and movement plans are all contributing factors.Due to the continuing COVID-19 situation, the urban transportation scene is expected to shift dramatically. Travellers' mobility preferences are likely to be affected by increasing risks that come with congested settings paired with social distancing techniques in public and shared transportation. With the increased usage of e-services, urban freight demands may also shift.
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Neelam, Kishore Kumar. "Policy Initiation for Development of Slow Charging Station Infrastructure and E-rickshaw Vehicle Registration Process in India." European Journal of Energy Research 1, no. 5 (December 14, 2021): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejenergy.2021.1.5.28.
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This paper is to enclave, a policy initiation for development of slow charging station infrastructure and E-rickshaw vehicles registration process in India. EV’s (Electric Vehicles) as the new green nonpolluting vehicle for last mile connectivity within the city limits. At the E-rickshaw market a no of models available, but there is no study done for governing method, rules to follow and provision for charging infrastructure. E-rickshaw are being considered as a priority option towards sustainable development. These vehicles are the smart choice and encouraged as feeder system for last mile connectivity. E-rickshaw mode has been excluded from NMT (Non-motorized Transport) category and included in Motor Vehicles Act (2014) as special purpose battery operated vehicle. The main objective of the paper is to creating a space for building the charging infrastructure with different tariff and to setup governing rules for E-rickshaw operators.
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Patra, Partha Sarathi, Prithusayak Mondal, Ashutosh Sarkar, and Ashok Choudhury. "Productivity and Quality of Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties under Varying Level of Vermicompost." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 14, July, 7 (July 21, 2023): 1009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2023.3556a.
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The present investigation was conducted during kharif seasons of 2018–19 and 2019–20 at the instructional farm of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India to evaluate the performance of aromatic rice varieties under varying level of vermicompost. The experiment was arranged out in split plot design where three aromatic rice varieties Kataribhog, Geetanjali and CR S. Dhan-910 were allocated in main plots and five level of nutrient management fitted in sub plots namely NM1: 100% RDF (60:30:30 kg NPK ha-1), NM2: Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, NM3: Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1, NM4: Vermicompost @ 4 t ha-1 and NM5: Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 and replicated thrice. Results revealed that among the variety Geetanjali was found superior in terms of yield attributes and gave 5.32 and 15.73% yield advantage respectively over CR Dhan-910 and Kataribhog. Pooled data over the years revealed that variety Geetanjali recorded highest amount of carbohydrate (79.61%), starch (73.82%), amylose (24.19%) and lipid (2.63%) while highest protein (9.92%) was found in Kataribhog. Among the level of nutrient management 5 t ha-1 of vermicompost (NM5) ominously enhanced yield attributes, grain yield, grain quality as well as soil quality irrespective of variety and year of experimentation. Highest net return to the tune of ` 99212.80 and ` 82441.75 ha-1 and B:C ratio of 2.20 and 1.79 was realized with variety Geetanjali through 100% recommended dose of fertilizer.
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Murthy, Radha, Sruthi Sivaraman, Anitha Chandra, Swati Bhandary, and Vijaykumar Harbishettar. "Unexplored Needs of the Older Adults: Experiences From Elders Helpline in Bengaluru." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 43, no. 5_suppl (September 2021): S113—S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02537176211046529.
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Elders Helpline has been operational in Bangalore by joint effort of the Nightingales Medical Trust (NMT) and the City Police since its inception in 2002. The Elders Helpline is unique as it is the first of its kind in India that offers services for the welfare of the older people in Bangalore city. The objectives of this article were to review the process of setting up of the helpline services, its evolution, range of services offered, to evaluate the services to ascertain the social difficulties with a focus on abuse experienced by the older people in Bangalore and find out the common themes. From the records, the Elders Helpline has responded to as many as 144058 calls between April 2009 and March 2020. This article reviewed functions of the Elders Helpline including supervision and training to its staff members, offering counselling to the Older adults by resolving family conflicts and other social issues by upholding and safeguarding their rights. The article highlights the need and impact of Elders Helpline suggesting the need to expand this type of Helpline to other Districts of the country. This study indicates that the Elders Helpline has become a platform for the elderly people to express their concerns and to make them feel secure. The Elders Helpline model is now launched nationally in October 2021 through the expansion of helpline services. There is a need to gather more comprehensive data and for ongoing research and training to reach out many needy older people.
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BHATTACHARYA, SUBHADEEP. "India’s evolving role as the ‘net security provider’ of the Indian Ocean region." Stosunki Międzynarodowe – International Relations 2 (May 31, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/stomiedintrelat.17487.1.
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The unveiling of the Indo-Pacific strategy by USA has clubbed the two separate worlds-The Pacific and the Indian Ocean region- together, mingling the geopolitics of the two regions. This is done in the context of the growing maritime role of China along with her growing naval potentials. On the other hand, India, considered an important partner of the Indo-Pacific geopolitics, is lately taking extra care about her maritime interests in her immediate maritime neighbourhood, the Indian Ocean region (IOR). This activeness can be credited to the ‘Chinese intrusion’ in the Indian maritime neighbourhood. The role of India as the ‘net security provider’ of the IOR is resurfacing in the strategic corridors of New Delhi in the context of India’s unveiling of the Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) mission and her growing active role in the bilateral as well as multilateral maritime relations. In this context it becomes imperative to analyse the character of India’s Indian Ocean policy in retrospect in order to construe India’s potentials and preferences in the current Indo-Pacific geopolitics where she is undoubtedly an important player. India has been playing the role of net security provider of the IOR for quite some time now. Initially taking a non-combative defensive approach to the issue throughout the 1960s, India gradually turned assertive in the 1980s to safeguard her interests in the maritime zone. India, who inherited the baton from the British, was in two minds over how to maintain the dominance. Shedding off defensive mood, she turned assertive later to safeguard her interest in the IOR against ‘external intrusion’. After the Cold War, India shifted to collaborative approach without compromising with her prime Indian Ocean policy motto to maintain her pre-eminence in the region.
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BHATTACHARYA, SUBHADEEP. "India’s evolving role as the ‘net security provider’ of the Indian Ocean region." Stosunki Międzynarodowe – International Relations 2 (October 27, 2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/stomiedintrelat.17487.2.
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The unveiling of the Indo-Pacific strategy by USA has clubbed the two separate worlds-The Pacific and the Indian Ocean region- together, mingling the geopolitics of the two regions. This is done in the context of the growing maritime role of China along with her growing naval potentials. On the other hand, India, considered an important partner of the Indo-Pacific geopolitics, is lately taking extra care about her maritime interests in her immediate maritime neighbourhood, the Indian Ocean region (IOR). This activeness can be credited to the ‘Chinese intrusion’ in the Indian maritime neighbourhood. The role of India as the ‘net security provider’ of the IOR is resurfacing in the strategic corridors of New Delhi in the context of India’s unveiling of the Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) mission and her growing active role in the bilateral as well as multilateral maritime relations. In this context it becomes imperative to analyse the character of India’s Indian Ocean policy in retrospect in order to construe India’s potentials and preferences in the current Indo-Pacific geopolitics where she is undoubtedly an important player. India has been playing the role of net security provider of the IOR for quite some time now. Initially taking a non-combative defensive approach to the issue throughout the 1960s, India gradually turned assertive in the 1980s to safeguard her interests in the maritime zone. India, who inherited the baton from the British, was in two minds over how to maintain the dominance. Shedding off defensive mood, she turned assertive later to safeguard her interest in the IOR against ‘external intrusion’. After the Cold War, India shifted to collaborative approach without compromising with her prime Indian Ocean policy motto to maintain her pre-eminence in the region.
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Singh, Anupam, and Dr Priyanka Verma. "CSR@ 2%: A NEW MODEL OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN INDIA." American Journal of Economics and Business Management 1, no. 3 (July 31, 2018): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31150/ajebm.vol1.iss3.31.
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) earlier applied as corporate philanthropy and has been in practice in India since ages. However, philanthropy in globalised and modern India does not solve the purpose in quantity and quality. Clause 135 of Company Act 2013 created huge hue and cry among the business community in India. As per clause 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, Every company with an annual turnover of 1,000 crore INR ($161 million) and more, or a net worth of 500 crore INR ($80 million) and more, or a net profit as low as five crore INR ($800,000) and more have to spend at least 2% of their average net profit over the previous three years on CSR activities. With the introduction of new Company act 2013 India became the first country in the world to have legislation for compulsory CSR spending. The paper aims at analyzing the motive of making CSR spending mandatory and it also attempts to explain the concept of CSR in the present Indian scenario, the social issues addressed by the Indian corporations, and methodologies adopted by them to address those issues.
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Dsouza, Suzan, Mustafa Raza Rabbani, Iqbal Thonse Hawaldar, and Ajay Kumar Jain. "Impact of Bank Efficiency on the Profitability of the Banks in India: An Empirical Analysis Using Panel Data Approach." International Journal of Financial Studies 10, no. 4 (October 5, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs10040093.
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This study aims to determine the impact of banking efficiency on the profitability of the Indian banking division. The ratios (key variables) used in the study are mentioned by the Reserve Bank of India—RBI (Central bank of India). Through a quantitative approach, pooled panel regression, univariate analysis, correlation, and descriptive statistics models are used by taking annual data of the Indian banking division from 2001 to 2020 available on the Thomson Reuters (Refinitiv) Database. Unbalanced cross-sectional data (panel data) comprising 527 bank-year observations for 33 Indian banks were studied. It was decided to evaluate the impact of efficiency (cost to income ratio and staff expenses to total expenses ratio) on the profitability (return on assets and net interest margin ratio) of the banks from the Indian banking division. The results revealed that the cost to income ratio has a significant negative impact on the bank return on assets and net interest margin ratio. The staff expenses to total expenses ratio has a significant positive impact on the bank return on assets and a positive nonsignificant impact on the bank net interest margin ratio.
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GODBOLE, RV, and RR KELKAR. "Net Terrestrial Radiative Heat Fluxes over India during Monsoon." MAUSAM 20, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v20i1.5421.
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Infrared radiative heat flux and instantaneous rate of temperature change have been computed for Indian, subcontinent for monsoon season by making use of the numerical method developed for the purpose. The effects of water Vapour alone have been considered. It is found that the radiative beat loss near the surface is minimum over the Western Ghats. Over northeast and northwest India, the radiative heat loss is relatively high. Also, the radiative cooling integrated from the surface upto 300 mb indicates a large cooling over northeast and northwest India (>loC per day) and relatively small cooling over the southern Peninsula ( <0.25°C per day). Analysis of the day to day values of net flux and temperature suggest no cause-and-effect relationship. However, a good correspondence has been noticed between net flux, temperature and total moisture content as far as surface level is concerned. The day to day values of net flux at higher levels follow very closely to those at the surface.
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Ashish Verma. "Law Of Environment In India: Problems And Challenges In Its Enforcement." Research Ambition: An International Multidisciplinary e-Journal 6, no. II (August 20, 2021): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/ambition/v6n2.04.
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There is no deficiency of available legislations on environmental protection in India but enforcement of these legislations has been far from satisfactory. There is urgent need for the effective, successful and well–organized enforcement of the Constitutional mandate and other environmental legislations or laws in India. The creative and innovative role of India Judiciary and National Green Tribunal [NGT] has been significant and laudable in this era. Pursuant to the provisions contained in Articles 48–A and 51–A[h] of the Indian Constitution, various Public Interest Litigations have been instituted in the Supreme Court against several industries for failing to provide sufficient pollution control and also against Pollution Control Boards to direct them to take proper measures to ensure pollution control in Indian perspective. For the purpose of effective, successful and well–organized enforcement of these legislations, it is required to set up an Adjucatory Body in each State in India, which should consist of legal as well as technical experts. Caring for regulating and protecting the environment is essentially a desire to see that national development should proceed along the rational sustainable laws. Protection of the environment and keeping ecological balance in Indian scenario unaffected is a task which not only the Government but also every individual, association, society, industry and corporation must undertake. It is a social compulsion and fundamental duty enshrined in Article 51–A[g] of the Indian Constitution.
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Korde, Abhay, and Kavita Laghate. "A Study of Gross and Net Non-Performing Assets of Select Public Sector Banks in India for the Period 2007-2008 to 2017-2018." Indian Journal of Finance and Banking 4, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 42–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijfb.v4i1.522.
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The Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) are considered as one of the important parameters for anlysing the health of the Indian Banks. The Authors have taken a look at the Literature Reviews related to the non-performing assets related studies looked into by other Research Scholars. The authors in this research study has made an attempt to study the secondary data related to Gross and Net Non-Performing Assets or Loans of select Banks in India, which is available in the public domain of the regulators of Indian Banks i.e. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) from April 2007 to March 2018 and has performed the ABC analysis as per cumulative (decreasing method) to study the performance and the management and governance of those Banks. Finally, the authors conclude that some of the select Indian Banks taken for study appear in the various Groups formulated for study i.e. Group A (Poor Performance), Group B (Satisfactory Performance) and Group C (Good Performance) are thus a matter of great concern to the economy of the country.
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Kumar, J., A. Hussain, P. Singh, S. K. Y. Baksh, M. K. Kar, A. K. Mukherjee, N. R. Singh, et al. "Genotypic and phenotypic dissection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae on Indica rice cultivars for bacterial blight resistance." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 1578–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/6/mrn-1156.
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Aim: To evaluate the level of virulence of different Xoo isolates/ pathotypes of Eastern and North-eastern India and to identify the suitable donors in rice cultivars having various R-gene combination against virulent Xoo races of Bacterial Blight disease of rice. Methodology: Thirty six Xoo isolates were collected from different places of Eastern and North-eastern India and genetic diversity/ similarity was examined by genotyping of pathotypes using JEL1/JEL2 markers. The 34 Indica rice cultivars carrying different R-gene combination were selected and grown in net house and inoculated artificially with Xoo inoculants from these races/ isolates bacterial of blight disease. Results: The selected 36 Xoo isolates of Eastern and North-eastern India were grouped into seven different isolates/ races based on their genetic diversity using JEL1/JEL2 markers. Among 34 Indica rice cultivars, three or more R-gene combination (xa5 + xa13 + Xa21 and/or Xa4 + xa5 + xa13 + Xa21) cultivars exhibited highly resistant as compared to cultivars with single and double gene combination cultivars against most of the Xoo isolates/ races. Interpretation: The cultivars may determine different level of resistance due to complementary effect of inheritance of suitable R-gene combination. Identified donors may be used for rice resistance breeding programme for Eastern and North-eastern India.
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Joshi, G. V. "Today’s India, India of Tomorrow." Nitte Management Review 9, no. 1 (July 1, 2015): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17493/nmr/2015/81723.
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Sharma, Achyuth, Hemanth P B, Bhavani A, and Arun C Dixit. "Green Hydrogen as a Potential Fuel by 2030 for Energy-Based Applications in Major States of India." Journal of Recent Activities in Production 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jorap.2023.v08i01.002.
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India is a country with a rapidly growing demand for energy. Currently, most of the country's energy demand is met by fossil fuels which are hindering our environment by contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Green hydrogen produced from renewable energy sources is clean and free from the pollution which can reduce our country's dependency on fossil fuels. Building a green hydrogen community in India can help the country to transit into sustainable development and achieve net zero emissions. Our review shows that green hydrogen can be produced in India according to the geography of the different regions rich in renewable energy resources such as solar and wind power. Many states in India have high solar energy prospectus, high wind speeds and existing infrastructure and supply chain logistics that can be used for the production and distribution of green hydrogen. States such as Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have been identified by the Indian government as "renewable energy clusters" and aim to support the development of green hydrogen projects. Additionally, the Indian coastal area's seawater can be used as a water source for electrolysis. These coasts are windy and suitable for wind power generation and have access to excellent ports and transport infrastructure to transport green hydrogen. Overall, India has unlimited potential for green hydrogen production due to its abundant renewable energy sources and favourable geographical conditions. India can use this potential to become a major player in the green hydrogen market with the right political and regulatory framework.
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Sharma, Achyuth, P. B. Hemanth, A. Bhavani, and Arun C. Dixit. "Green Hydrogen for a Sustainable Future: Prospects and Challenges for Energy-Based Applications in Major Indian States by 2030." E3S Web of Conferences 405 (2023): 02027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340502027.
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India is a country with a rapidly growing demand for energy. Currently, most of the country's energy demand is met by fossil fuels which are hindering our environment by contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Green hydrogen produced from renewable energy sources is clean and free from the pollution which can reduce our country's dependency on fossil fuels. Building a green hydrogen community in India can help the country to transit into sustainable development and achieve net zero emissions. Our review shows that green hydrogen can be produced in India according to the geography of the different regions rich in renewable energy resources such as solar and wind power. Many states in India have high solar energy prospectus, high wind speeds and existing infrastructure and supply chain logistics that can be used for the production and distribution of green hydrogen. States such as Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu have been identified by the Indian government as "renewable energy clusters" and aim to support the development of green hydrogen projects. Additionally, the Indian coastal area's seawater can be used as a water source for electrolysis. These coasts are windy and suitable for wind power generation and have access to excellent ports and transport infrastructure to transport green hydrogen. Overall, India has unlimited potential for green hydrogen production due to its abundant renewable energy sources and favourable geographical conditions. India can use this potential to become a major player in the green hydrogen market with the right political and regulatory framework.
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Sharma, Manisha, Rasal Singh, and Abha Kathuria. "Climate Change and the Indian Economy – A Review." Current World Environment 17, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.17.1.3.
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India occupies an intriguing position in the context of climate change and economic development. Blessed with enormous resources (Forests, solar energy, etc.), but short of the capital and technical know-how, India’s journey to a net-zero carbon economy is a marathon. Immediate climate change policies like COP26 often meet reluctance and stress the economy. Climate change has inevitably started altering the climatic dimensions and is now causing substantial damage to the Indian economy. Yet, not aspiring an emission-less economy will hamper the development of the future. The energy demands often clash with climate-change policies. Agriculture too is affected by climate change, making half of the Indian population vulnerable. This paper presents an empirical study on the above-mentioned issues. The material and methods involve theoretical data extracted from the “Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region report 2020” issued by the Indian government and several other esteemed research papers. The objective of this paper is to highlight the climatic variations and how they leave an impact on the economy. At the same time, it presents suggestions to channel the climatic adversities and boost the economy. Adopting green goals and gradually shifting to a clean and green economy will hold the key with respect to India.
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Tripathi, Vanita, and Varun Bhandari. "Socially responsible stocks: a boon for investors in India." Journal of Advances in Management Research 12, no. 2 (August 3, 2015): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-03-2014-0021.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the performance of socially responsible stocks portfolio vis-à-vis portfolios of general companies in the Indian stock market. Design/methodology/approach – The study has used absolute rate of return as well as various risk adjusted measures like Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, Jensen’s α, Information ratio, Fama’s decomposition measure and dummy regression model to evaluate the performance of various portfolios. Findings – Socially responsible stocks portfolios are found to have lower relative risk despite having higher systematic risk. Further the authors find that during crisis and post-crisis period, socially responsible stocks portfolio generated significantly higher return as compared to other portfolios in the Indian stock market. Environmental, social and governance (ESG) Index and GREENEX Index provided positive net selectivity returns in all the three sub periods, especially during crisis period. GREENEX and ESG outperformed NIFTY and SENSEX even on net selectivity basis. This indicates that the compromise made with respect to diversification by investing in socially responsible stocks portfolios was well rewarded in terms of higher returns in Indian context. Practical implications – The findings lend support to the case of socially responsible investing (SRI) in India and are relevant for companies, regulators, policy makers and investors at large. Mutual funds and other investment funds should launch schemes which invest in socially responsible stocks so as to provide the benefits of SRI even to small investors in India. Originality/value – The study contributes to the related literature by analysing the performance of socially responsible stocks portfolios in Indian stock market which is one of the emerging markets.
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Vikram, Kumar. "National Book Trust, India." Logos 33, no. 2-3 (December 29, 2022): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18784712-03104043.
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Abstract The journey of National Book Trust, India (NBT, in short) is the journey of the exploration, development and promotion of Indian content through Indian languages in the post-independence era. For NBT, there was no hierarchy of languages and scholarship as it sourced content for all age groups in all languages to be translated into other languages – hence the emphasis on developing ‘common’ books to read from regardless of the initial language of creation. Established and visualized as the national body for both book publishing and promotion, NBT’s ambit naturally extends to creating platforms to promote the culture of reading and book-mindedness. Interactive and pioneering platforms like the New Delhi World Book Fair have helped build a visible book-reading tradition in the country, which is being taken forward with renewed fervour while meeting the challenges of the post-Covid era.
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Dr. Dilip Kumar Gupta, Dr Sapna Kasliwal,. "Small Number of Big Banks: An Overview of Recent Mergers in Indian Banking Sector." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 1113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i3.3108.
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Government of India with its vision to create globally competitive banks has initiated the consolidation of smaller PSB’s in bigger entities. The merger of five regional banks with State Bank of India and merger of two Public Sector Banks (PSBs) Dena and Vijaya with Bank of Baroda in recent past (2019) followed by mega consolidation plan of merging ten public sector banks into four banks is an indication of direction of the wind is going to blow for Indian banking industry. This policy of consolidation is an important tool used by banks for corporate restructuring and is in line with reformist agenda pursued by Govt of India (GOI) since 1990. These entities are to receive recapitalization funds from GOI to boost their net-worth strengthening their capital base. The present research is conducted to understand the objectives and statistics behind these mergers.
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Goroshi, S. K., R. P. Singh, R. Pradhan, and J. S. Parihar. "Assessment of net primary productivity over India using Indian geostationary satellite (INSAT-3A) data." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-561-2014.
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Polar orbiting satellites (MODIS and SPOT) have been commonly used to measure terrestrial Net Primary Productivity (NPP) at regional/global scale. Charge Coupled Device (CCD) instrument on geostationary INSAT-3A platform provides a unique opportunity for continuous monitoring of ecosystem pattern and process study. An <i>improved</i> Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (<i>i</i>CASA) model is one of the most expedient and precise ecosystem models to estimate terrestrial NPP. In this paper, an assessment of terrestrial NPP over India was carried out using the iCASA ecosystem model based on the INSAT CCD derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with multisource meteorological data for the year 2009. NPP estimated from the INSAT CCD followed the characteristic growth profile of most of the vegetation types in the country. NPP attained maximum during August and September, while minimum in April. Annual NPP for different vegetation types varied from 1104.55 gC m<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> (evergreen broadleaf forest) to 231.9 gC m<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> (grassland) with an average NPP of 590 gC m<sup>−2</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>. We estimated 1.9 PgC of net carbon fixation over Indian landmass in 2009. Biome level comparison between INSAT derived NPP and MODIS NPP indicated a good agreement with the Willmott’s index of agreement (d) ranging from 0.61 (Mixed forest) to 0.99 (Open Shrubland). Our findings are consistent with the earlier NPP studies in India and indicate that INSAT derived NPP has the capability to detect spatial and temporal variability of terrestrial NPP over a wide range of terrestrial ecosystems in India. Thus INSAT-3A data can be used as one of the potential satellite data source for accurate biome level carbon estimation in India.
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Hu, Zhiyuan, Qinjian Jin, Yuanyuan Ma, Zhenming Ji, Xian Zhu, and Wenjie Dong. "How Does COVID-19 Lockdown Impact Air Quality in India?" Remote Sensing 14, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 1869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081869.
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Air pollution is a severe environmental problem in the Indian subcontinent. Largely caused by the rapid growth of the population, industrialization, and urbanization, air pollution can adversely affect human health and environment. To mitigate such adverse impacts, the Indian government launched the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) in January 2019. Meanwhile, the unexpected city-lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 in India greatly reduced human activities and thus anthropogenic emissions of gaseous and aerosol pollutants. The NCAP and the lockdown could provide an ideal field experiment for quantifying the extent to which various levels of human activity reduction impact air quality in the Indian subcontinent. Here, we study the improvement in air quality due to COVID-19 and the NCAP in the India subcontinent by employing multiple satellite products and surface observations. Satellite data shows significant reductions in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) by 17% and aerosol optical depth (AOD) by 20% during the 2020 lockdown with reference to the mean levels between 2005–2019. No persistent reduction in NO2 nor AOD is detectable during the NCAP period (2019). Surface observations show consistent reductions in PM2.5 and NO2 during the 2020 lockdown in seven cities across the Indian subcontinent, except Mumbai in Central India. The increase in relative humidity and the decrease in the planetary boundary layer also play an important role in influencing air quality during the 2020 lockdown. With the decrease in aerosols during the lockdown, net radiation fluxes show positive anomalies at the surface and negative anomalies at the top of the atmosphere over most parts of the Indian subcontinent. The results of this study could provide valuable information for policymakers in South Asia to adjust the scientific measures proposed in the NCAP for efficient air pollution mitigation.
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Dr. Ram Charan Meena. "International Treaties And Law Of Environment In India: An Overview." Research Ambition: An International Multidisciplinary e-Journal 6, no. II (August 21, 2021): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/ambition/v6n2.05.
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To address environmental issues that India and other countries face, it is essential and very important to commence action at all levels like global, regional, national, local, and community. It is not adequate to have international agreements, treaties and instruments on environmental issues and various problems but completion, implementation and enforcement of these policies and agreements to a large extent determine their impact and effectiveness. In the last few decades, there has been an increasing concern and consciousness about the need to protect the environment, nationally and internationally. Under the structure of the Indian Constitution, a number of Articles are enumerated in which environmental duties to preserve the natural resources of the country have been stated like Articles 48–A and 51–A[g]. Additionally, the Constitution also provides procedures in Articles 252 and 253 for adopting national legislations in regard to the needs of the States. The constitutional mandates and other environmental laws or regulations in India effective, successful and urgent need to streamline enforcement. The creative and innovative role of Indian Judiciary and National Green Tribunal [NGT] has been significant and laudable in this era. In this research paper, an effort has been made to momentarily outline the various Indian legislations and international treaties relating to the environment, which are mainly and more relevant to protect and improve the environment in India. The enforcement, scope and limit of these legislations has also been critically examined and evaluated in systematically manner. Protection of the environment and keeping ecological balance in Indian scenario unaffected is a task which not only the Government but also every individual, association, society, industry and corporation must undertake. It is a social compulsion and fundamental duty enshrined in Article 51–A[g] of the Indian Constitution.
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Chou, Chihchung, Dongryeol Ryu, Min-Hui Lo, Hao-Wei Wey, and Hector M. Malano. "Irrigation-Induced Land–Atmosphere Feedbacks and Their Impacts on Indian Summer Monsoon." Journal of Climate 31, no. 21 (November 2018): 8785–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0762.1.
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From the 1980s, Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) shows a decreasing trend over north and northwest India, and there was a significant observed reduction in July over central and south India in 1982–2003. The key drivers of the changed ISMR, however, remain unclear. It was hypothesized that the large-scale irrigation development that started in the 1950s has resulted in land surface cooling, which slowed large-scale atmospheric circulation, exerting significant influences on ISMR. To test this hypothesis, a fully coupled model, the CESM v1.0.3, was used with a global irrigation dataset. In this study, spatially varying irrigation-induced feedback mechanisms are investigated in detail at different stages of the monsoon. Results show that soil moisture and evapotranspiration increase significantly over India throughout the summertime because of the irrigation. However, 2-m air temperature shows a significant reduction only in a limited region because the temperature change is influenced simultaneously by surface incoming shortwave radiation and evaporative cooling resulting from the irrigation, especially over the heavily irrigated region. Irrigation also induces a 925-hPa northeasterly wind from 30°N toward the equator. This is opposite to the prevailing direction of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) wind that brings moist air to India. The modeled rainfall in the irrigated case significantly decreases up to 1.5 mm day−1 over central and north India from July to September. This paper reveals that the irrigation can contribute to both increasing and decreasing the surface temperature via multiple feedback mechanisms. The net effect is to weaken the ISM with the high spatial and temporal heterogeneity.
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Buraga, Manoj Babu, and Thibault Fournol. "Indo-French Cooperation and Engagement in Holistic Maritime Security: Possibilities and Implications in the Indian Ocean Region." Electronic Journal of Social and Strategic Studies 03, no. 02 (2022): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47362/ejsss.2022.3209.
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The diffusion of the Indo-Pacific concept in India’s strategic vocabulary has accompanied the emergence of a broader strategic reference frame, in which the impacts of climate change on coastal areas and maritime-related environmental issues figure among the lowest common denominators of cooperation at the regional scale. In the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), unregulated fishing, natural disasters relief or marine pollution indeed became major security concerns for littoral States as well as it gave a new role for the armies in mitigating increasing environmental risks. In fact, we are seeing an expansion in India-France maritime security cooperation, with particular focus on the Indian Ocean. With its expanding economic, marine military, and strategic goals in the Indo-Pacific region, India is eager to develop connections with countries throughout the area. France is emphasising its identity as an Indo-Pacific nation and showing interest in bolstering its partnership with India. The Indian Ocean has emerged as a hot topic in recent Indo-French bilateral talks, as both nations seek to broaden their long-standing strategic partnership to the maritime domain. In February 2022, they inked a roadmap to boost their bilateral exchanges on the blue economy and forge a common vision of ocean governance on the basis of the rule of law, and cooperation on sustainable and resilient coastal and waterways infrastructure (MEA, Feb 2022).[i] In this regard, both agreed to explore the potential for collaboration in marine science research for a better understanding of the oceans, including the Indian Ocean. One such partnership is the ‘The Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative’ (IPOI), wherein France and India have taken the responsibility of being the ‘lead’ for the Marine Resources Pillar, which is one of seven identified pillars (MEA, Mar 2022).[ii] In such a context, this paper aims to explore India’s cooperation opportunities in the field of environmental security in the IOR in the context of Indo-French relations. As a preferred net security provider in the region, India has made of France one of the cornerstones of its SAGAR policy and a first-choice partner on maritime issues, as testified recently by the India-France Roadmap on Blue Economy and Ocean Governance. Based on several years of research on Indo-French relations and environmental security in the Indo-Pacific, the paper will first compare the securitization process of maritime-related environmental issues within the regional security policies of both countries and the adaptation of their navies to emerging environmental risks in the Indian Ocean. Then, it will analyse to what extent this process contributes to reshape military-to-military cooperation between the two navies/coast guard in emerging areas such as disaster relief operations, protection of maritime ecosystems or cyclone early warning. Then, it will consider the multilateral implications of this cooperation and its potential contribution to the security architecture of the Indian Ocean. [i] Ministry of External Affairs of India (February 2022). India-France Roadmap on the Blue Economy and Ocean Governance. [ii] Ministry of External Affairs of India (March 2022). Indo-French Call for an ‘Indo-Pacific Parks Partnership. Joint Declaration, Paris.
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Sinha, P., M. Carwile, A. Bhargava, C. Cintron, C. Acuna-Villaorduna, S. Lakshminarayan, A. F. Liu, N. Kulatilaka, L. Locks, and N. S. Hochberg. "How much do Indians pay for tuberculosis treatment? A cost analysis." Public Health Action 10, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.20.0017.
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Setting: India’s National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) covers diagnostic and therapeutic costs of TB treatment. However, persons living with TB (PLWTB) continue to experience financial distress due to direct costs (payment for testing, treatment, travel, hospitalization, and nutritional supplements) and indirect costs (lost wages, loan interest, and cost of domestic helpers).Objective: To analyze the magnitude and pattern of TB-related costs from the perspective of Indian PLWTB.Design: We identified relevant articles using key search terms (‘tuberculosis,’ ‘India,’ ‘cost,’ ‘expenditures,’ ‘financing,’ ‘catastrophic’ and ‘out of pocket’) and calculated variance-weighted mean costs.Results: Indian patients incur substantial direct costs (mean: US$46.8). Mean indirect costs (US$666.6) constitute 93.4% of the net costs. Mean direct costs before diagnosis can be up to four-fold that of costs during treatment. Treatment in the private sector can result in costs up to six-fold higher than in government facilities. As many as one in three PLWTB in India experience catastrophic costs.Conclusion: PLWTB in India face high direct and indirect costs. Priority interventions to realize India’s goal of eliminating catastrophic costs from TB include decreasing diagnostic delays through active case finding, reducing the need for travel, improving awareness and perception of NTEP services, and ensuring sufficient reimbursement for inpatient TB care.
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RAMACHANDRAN, Dr R. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS OF SCHEDULED COMMERCIAL BANKS IN INDIA." YMER Digital 21, no. 03 (March 25, 2022): 374–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.03/40.
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The purpose of this paper is to explore various motivations of Merger and Acquisitions activities in Indian banking sector. It is also compared pre and post-merger financial performance of merged banks with the help of financial parameters like net profit to total income, net profit to working capital, return on assets and return on equity which includes profitability analysis, current ratio and liquidity ratio which includes liquidity analysis. The study covers the area of performance evaluation of Merger and Acquisitions in Indian banking sector during the period from 1999-2000 to 2019-2020. The researcher want to use in this study was paired t-test to find out the significant relationship between the profitability and liquidity performance of pre and post- Merger and Acquisitions of select scheduled commercial banks in India. The study conclude that the banks have been no greater changes when compare with pre- Merger and Acquisitions period
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Harigovind, P. C., and P. S. Rakesh. "Anatomisation of the Recent Trends in the Role of NGT in Fostering Sustainability and Environmental Justice in India: Challenges and Implications." Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology 22, no. 1 (July 27, 2023): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2023/v22i1474.
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National Green Tribunal is a unique forum for adjudging matters relating to environmental protection, prior to which the same role was played by the higher judiciary exercising constitutional jurisdiction. Hence it is quite obvious to have a concern over the constitution of the Tribunal. The ability of the NGT to upkeep the constitutional right to safeguard the environment is to be experienced from its functioning. Crossing ten years, it is ideal for analyzing the effectiveness of NGT in achieving its mandate. Moreover, the right to environment is a fundamental right and a basic human right inspired by the international community as well as the United Nations documents. Most of the jurisprudence evolved internationally for environmental protection is now incorporated by the Supreme Court into the Indian legal system. Monitoring these fundamental guarantees is also now a promise expected from NGT, and its members are expected to be reasonably competent to upkeep these promises. Analyzing this competency of NGT over this period is significant for numerous reasons.
Addressing the conflict between development and environmental protection is one of the most challenging exercises, both in administrative and in judicial terms. On a close look at the NGT, it can be seen that the role in balancing development and environmental protection is mainly done now by the NGT. The success rate of NGT in drawing the balance will be analyzed in this work. Drawing a balance between development and environmental protection is designing this country's sustainable development concept. Thus, the role of NGT in this dimension also needs to be critically assessed.
In short, this article will try to conceptualize the effectiveness and pitfalls of making legislation like the NGT Act in India. This doctrinal research, with the aid of case laws of the Tribunal as well as the Constitutional Courts of India and research works and books of eminent scholars, can help understand the role played by the NGT in fostering sustainability and environmental justice in India, along with the challenges it faces.
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Lee, S. Y., and T. Y. Koh. "Teleconnection between Australian winter temperature and Indian summer monsoon rainfall." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 2 (January 16, 2012): 669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-669-2012.
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Abstract. The pattern of evaporative sources and the direction of the large-scale circulation over the Indian Ocean during the boreal summer raises the question of whether atmospheric conditions in Australia could influence conditions over the Indian subcontinent, despite the long passage of air over the Indian Ocean. The authors propose that such an influence is sometimes possible when there is unusually low temperature over inland Australia during the austral winter, through the mechanism where such a temperature extreme enhances evaporation rate over the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and hence enhances rainfall over two regions in western India after 13–19 days. Results from trajectory calculations indicate that such an influence is mechanistically feasible, with air of Australian origin contributing 0.5–1.5% of the climatological net precipitation for monsoon seasonal rainfall over western India. Statistics performed on reanalysis, satellite and in situ data are consistent with such a mechanism. Since extreme winter temperature in Australia is often associated with cold-air outbreaks, the described mechanism may be an example of how southern hemispheric mid-latitude weather can influence northern hemispheric monsoon rainfall. Further study is recommended through modelling and comparison with various known causes of atmospheric variability to confirm the existence of such a mechanism and determine the extent of its influence during specific low temperature episodes.
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Moorthy, K. Krishna, S. Suresh Babu, and S. K. Satheesh. "Aerosol Characteristics and Radiative Impacts over the Arabian Sea during the Intermonsoon Season: Results from ARMEX Field Campaign." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-3378.1.
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Abstract During the second phase of the Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment (ARMEX-II), extensive measurements of spectral aerosol optical depth, mass concentration, and mass size distribution of ambient aerosols as well as mass concentration of aerosol black carbon (BC) were made onboard a research vessel during the intermonsoon period (i.e., when the monsoon winds are in transition from northeasterlies to westerlies/southwesterlies) over the Arabian Sea (AS) adjoining the Indian Peninsula. Simultaneous measurements of spectral aerosol optical depths (AODs) were made at different regions over the adjoining Indian landmass. Mean AODs (at 500-nm wavelength) over the ocean (∼0.44) were comparable to those over the coastal land (∼0.47), but were lower than the values observed over the plateau regions of central Indian Peninsula (∼0.61). The aerosol properties were found to respond distinctly with respect to change in the trajectories, with higher optical depths and flatter AOD spectra associated with trajectories indicating advection from west Asia, and northwest and west-coastal India. On average, BC constituted only ∼2.2% to total aerosol mass compared to the climatological values of ∼6% over the coastal land during the same season. These data are used to characterize the physical properties of aerosols and to assess the resulting short-wave direct aerosol forcing. The mean values were –27 W m−2 at the surface and −12 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), resulting in a net atmospheric forcing of +15 W m−2. The forcing also depended on the region from where the advection predominates. The surface and atmospheric forcing were in the range −40 to −57 W m−2 and +27 to +39 W m−2, respectively, corresponding to advection from the west Asian and western coastal India where they were as low as −19 and +10 W m−2, respectively, when the advection was mainly from the Bay of Bengal and from central/peninsular India. In all these cases, the net atmospheric forcing (heating) efficiency was lower than the values reported for northern Indian Ocean during northern winter, which is attributed to the reduced BC mass fraction.
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P. Venugopala Rao, K., Farha Ibrahim, and Mani Sree Tadi. "Value relevance of financial information: A comparative study of pre- and post- implementation of Indian accounting standards." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 20, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.20(1).2023.07.
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In 2016, India implemented new accounting standards, Ind AS, aligning with IFRS to increase transparency in the financial reporting of Indian companies. This study examines the value relevance of financial information in India before and after the adoption of Indian accounting standards (Ind AS) by comparing the published financial statements in pre- and post-Ind AS periods and determines the influence of financial information on the market price of shares. The study period is for twelve years, from 2011 to 2022, divided into 2011–2016 (pre-Ind AS period) and 2017–2022 (post-Ind AS period). To evaluate the value relevance of financial information, the Ohlson pricing model is employed on the panel data of the blue-chip companies listed in the Nifty 50 Index. The results from the Least Squares regression reveal that the net cash from investing activities, profit-after-tax, and book-value-per-share were relevant for investment decisions prior to the adoption of the Ind AS. In contrast, the profit-after-tax had no explanatory power during the post-Ind AS period. However, the net cash from investing activities and the book-value-per-share significantly influenced the market price of equity since the implementation of Ind AS. The value relevance of the accounting statements was superior in the pre-Ind AS period compared to the post-Ind AS.
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Badola, Shivani, and Sacchidananda Mukherjee. "ICT Adoption and VAT Registration among Unincorporated Enterprises in India: Analysis of Unit-Level Data." Review of Development and Change 26, no. 2 (December 2021): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09722661211064411.
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Introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) has resulted in harmonisation of tax compliance system in India. In the new tax regime, tax compliance system has completely moved to online (digital) platforms. Given the inequality in access to digital platform or adoption of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) among marginal, small and medium enterprises in India, tax compliance may not improve in the GST regime. In a developing country like India where majority of unincorporated enterprises are in the informal sector, staying outside the formal network may restrict their economic prospects. It is worthwhile to study the relationship between access to ICT and tax (VAT) registration among unincorporated enterprises in India. Based on unit-level data of the 73rd round NSS survey, this study explores factors influencing the decision of unincorporated enterprises to take VAT/Sales Tax registration across the Indian states. The results show that adoption of ICT in terms of using internet and computers positively influence tax registration. Policy suggestions of the study may help to expand the tax base of GST by bringing informal enterprises under the tax net.
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Gurumoorthy, V. "Chemical and Organic Farming in India: An Overview." Asian Review of Social Sciences 9, no. 2 (November 5, 2020): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2020.9.2.1621.
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India ranks second worldwide in farm outputs. As per 2018, agriculture employed 50% of the Indian work force and contributed 17-18% to country’s GDP. India exported $38 billion worth of agricultural products in 2013, making it the seventh largest agricultural exporter worldwide and the sixth largest net exporter. Chemical fertilizers are major inputs of scientific agriculture. India is one of the major countries in the production and consumption of fertilizers. Fertilizer consumption was less than 1 million tones before the mid-1960s. With the introduction of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, there was acceleration in the growth of fertilizer consumption. The Government of India has also implemented the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP). The national programme involves the accreditation programme for Certification Bodies, standards for organic production, promotion of organic farming etc. As on 31st March 2018, total area under organic certification process (registered under National Programme for Organic Production) is 3.56 million Hectare (2017-18). Against this backdrop, the present study is undertaken to present an overview of chemical and organic farming in Ind
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KARUNAKUMAR, K., and Y. UMA MAHESWARARAO. "Net radiation distribution in India." MAUSAM 36, no. 2 (April 5, 2022): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v36i2.1881.
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Net radiation at Waltair is estimated from easily available meteorological data using several inter-dependent formulae. The computed values agreed well with the measured values. The best of the equations is then used to estimate the net radiation over vegetation in different parts of the country. Net radiation distribution over the country in different months of the year is discussed.
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Athukorala, Prema-chandra, and C. Veeramani. "Internationalization of Indian Enterprises: Patterns, Determinants, and Policy Issues." Asian Economic Papers 16, no. 1 (January 2017): 142–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/asep_a_00496.
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This paper examines the emerging patterns and economic implications of Indian overseas direct investment (ODI) from a historical perspective. The novelty of the analysis lies in its specific focus on the implications of the liberalization reforms initiated in the early 1990s and the resultant changes in the overall investment climate for the internationalisation of domestic companies. The findings cast doubts on the popular perception that the recent surge in ODI from India is an unmixed economic blessing, a sign of “coming of age” of Indian companies in global business. Given the remaining distortion in the domestic investment climate, the net national gains from these investments could be much less than what the reported absolute numbers suggest.
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Pathak, H., C. Li, and R. Wassmann. "Greenhouse gas emissions from Indian rice fields: calibration and upscaling using the DNDC model." Biogeosciences 2, no. 2 (May 27, 2005): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-2-113-2005.
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Abstract. The Denitrification and Decomposition (DNDC) model was evaluated for its ability to simulate methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Indian rice fields with various management practices. The model was calibrated and validated for field experiments in New Delhi, India. The observed yield, N uptake and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were in good agreement with the values predicted by the model. The model was then applied for estimation of GHG emissions from rice fields in India using a newly compiled soil/climate/land use database. Continuous flooding of rice fields (42.25 million ha) resulted in annual net emissions of 1.07-1.10, 0.04-0.05 and 21.16-60.96 Tg of CH4-C, N2O-N and CO2-C, respectively, with a cumulated global warming potential (GWP) of 130.93-272.83 Tg CO2 equivalent. Intermittent flooding of rice fields reduced annual net emissions to 0.12-0.13 Tg CH4-C and 16.66-48.80 Tg CO2-C while N2O emission increased to 0.05-0.06 Tg N2O-N. The GWP, however, reduced to 91.73-211.80 Tg CO2 equivalent. The study suggested that the model could be applied for estimating the GHG emissions and the influences of agronomic management, soil and climatic parameters on the GHG emissions from rice fields in India.
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Jha, Subhash, M. S. Balaji, Marla B. Royne Stafford, and Nancy Spears. "Haptic information processing and need for touch in product evaluation." Journal of Consumer Marketing 37, no. 1 (November 13, 2019): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-02-2018-2554.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the effects of purchase environment, product type and need for touch (NFT) on cognitive response, affective response and overall product evaluation in the USA and India. Design/methodology/approach Two experiments were conducted in two different consumer markets. In Study 1, participants evaluated haptic and non-haptic products and gave responses on cognitive response, affective response and overall product evaluation measures in the US market. In Study 2, the authors replicate Study 1 in a culturally different market of India and extend Study 1 by examining the moderating role of instrumental and autotelic dimensions of NFT on the effect of purchase environment on cognitive and affective responses. Findings Research findings suggest that cognitive and affective responses are the underlying mechanism between the purchase environment and overall response only for haptic product among Indian consumers. In contrast, affective response is the underlying mechanism explaining this relationship among US consumers. Furthermore, the instrumental dimension of NFT moderates the impact of purchase environment on cognitive but the autotelic NFT moderates the effect of purchase environment on affective response only for the haptic product but not for the non-haptic product. Research limitations/implications The study uses a relatively homogenous sample in the Indian market in contrast to the US market. Practical implications Results advance the understanding of the importance of haptic information processing in consumer decision-making across different purchase environments, product types and NFT using psychological distance (proximity) as a theoretical underpinning. With non-haptic shopping environments (i.e. online and mobile) growing rapidly, the results have critical implications for development of marketing strategies in Asian and US markets. Originality/value Empirical research examining the underlying mechanism by which purchase environment influences overall evaluation for haptic product is scarce. Additionally, understanding of the differential roles of instrumental and autotelic dimensions of NFT on cognitive and affective responses is very limited. This research fills this void and provides an understanding of the specific environment in evaluating haptic and non-haptic products in two distinct markets.
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CALEB, JOHN T. D. "The Indian net-casting spider name Deinopis goalparaensis Tikader & Malhotra is a nomen dubium (Araneae: Deinopidae)." Zootaxa 4668, no. 1 (September 9, 2019): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4668.1.12.
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The genus Deinopis was established by MacLeay (1839) with D. lamia MacLeay, 1839 as its type species. It is the most speciose deinopid genus presently comprising 51 described species, of which two are known from India (World Spider Catalog 2019). The genus was first recorded from India with the description of the species, Deinopis goalparaensis Tikader and Malhotra, 1978 from Assam, which was described based on the females only (Tikader & Malhotra 1978) and the male still remains unknown. Thirty-six years later another species, Deinopis scrubjunglei Caleb & Mathai, 2014 was described from Chennai, Tamil Nadu based on both sexes (Caleb & Mathai 2014). Apart from these taxonomic accounts, Satam et al. (2015) provided notes on the microhabitat utilization of juvenile Deinopis spiders from Mumbai. With no other supportive studies and additional data on these spiders, Indian deinopids remain obscure and inadequately known. The goal of the present communication is to provide clarification on the taxonomic status of the poorly known Indian species D. goalparaensis, supported with illustrations.
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Basanta Kumar, Basanta Kumar, Neelam Chawla, and Brajaraj Mohanty. "Reform in the Indian real estate sector: an analysis." International Journal of Law and Management 60, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-10-2016-0093.
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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the essential features, merits and drawbacks of the recently enacted Indian Real Estate Act, 2016, an economic reform measure pertaining to the real estate sector (RES). This paper analyses the impact of the Act and Union Budget 2016 on the inflow of foreign d irect investment (FDI) in India, and examines its ramifications on the world economy. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on secondary data sources, including consumer forum reports, investigative reports from national agencies, court decisions, government websites, real estate companies and industry associations. A sample survey on the implications of the Act has been conducted using Facebook and and through personal interaction with various stakeholders. Findings The Indian RES was unregulated prior to the passage of the Act, which has several provisions aimed at protecting the interest of consumers by tightening fraudulent practices of promoters/developers. Stakeholders are hopeful, but there is some apprehension. The government’s budgetary and fiscal support for infrastructure development has had an impact on the FDI inflow. Practical implications The Act is new, so there is not enough data to judge its real impact on the economy. However, it has started showing evidence of impact through a recent judgment by the Supreme Court of India punishing a promoter. Originality/value Regulating the Indian RES is a challenging task, but the new regulations are likely to provide confidence to foreign investors who may see India as a safety net for investment. This paper is timely and may help move things in this direction.
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Ballal, H. Sudarshan, and Urmila Anandh. "Haemodialysis in India." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 14, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 2779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/14.11.2779.
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Bharath, Srikala. "Carer burden in dementia: an Indian perspective." Neurodegenerative Disease Management 3, no. 3 (June 2013): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nmt.13.21.
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Bhatia, Aparna, and Megha Mahendru. "Financial Efficiency Evaluation of Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks." Jindal Journal of Business Research 8, no. 1 (March 24, 2019): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278682118823308.
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The main objective of the article is to analyze and evaluate cost, revenue and profit efficiency scores of Indian scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) in India during 1991–1992 till 2012–2013 by the application of data envelopment analysis (DEA)—a nonparametric approach. The results show that Indian SCBs have profit, revenue and cost efficiency of less than 1 during both the reformatory as well as post-reformatory era depicting that banks are not able to maximize their revenues and minimize their costs simultaneously in order to enhance their net effect. During reformatory and post-reformatory era, SCBs are more efficient in generating revenues and profits rather than in using their resources efficiently reflecting a high level of cost inefficiency. Overall, the results depict that Indian SCBs exhibit higher efficiency scores in reformatory era than in post-reformatory era.
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Bhatnagar, Ankur. "Analysis of India’s Non-State-Owned Enterprise Investments in Africa: An Empirical Approach." Africa Insight 51, no. 1 (March 22, 2023): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ai.v51i1.6.
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This paper focuses on Indian foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to Africa for the period 2008 to 2018, amidst increasing state efforts to improve Indo- African economic ties. This study pioneers the segregation of investments led by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) from non-SOEs in an empirical analysis. The motivation is rooted in the scarcity of empirical evidence of Indian FDI in Africa, particularly by non-SOEs. The random effects model was applied on the panel data for 2008-18 to highlight the significant causative effect of country alliances, gross domestic product (GDP) and net overseas development assistance of host countries in attracting greater FDI from Indian enterprises. The effect of corruption levels remains less clear in a statistical sense. These results could inform the political and economic policies of African host countries that seek financial and technical support from India.
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Kinslin, D., and V. P. Velmurugan. "The Relationship between Macroeconomic Factors and Stock Market Indices Performances in Indian Stock Market." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (December 9, 2018): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.24206.
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This investigation endeavors in observationally testing the connection between macroeconomic variables and the exhibitions of two noteworthy Indian security advertise lists of BSE-sensex and NSE-clever. The yearly information of a few macroeconomic elements of FIIs net venture, trade rates, oil value, financing costs, swelling rates and gold rates from 1995-96 to 2014-15 are thought about and it attempts to uncover the most impact of these elements on the 'Stock files exhibitions' of the Indian securities exchange. In compatibility of this, the connection investigation and various relapse examination was utilized to contemplate the connection between the two chose security advertise files exhibitions and the six chose macroeconomic elements from the Indian economy. The significant finding is that macroeconomic elements impact securities exchange lists exhibitions in India. It is suggested that the usage of appropriate monetary approaches will be useful to money markets files and it will result in required development in the Indian capital market.